Unit 2 Morals and Virtues【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高一英语单元速记•巧练（人教版2019必修第三册）

Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 话题 道德与美德 词汇 1.majority 2.complain 3.respond 4.elect 5.tend 6.scared7.replace8.operation 9.whisper 10.assist 11.memory 12.tear 13.harm 短语 carry sb.through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关,pass away去世,in memory of作为对……的纪念,in tears流着泪;含着泪,harm n.& vt.伤害;损害,in despair处于绝望中,a great deal (of)大量 句型 1. nothing is+形容词比较级+than. . . “没有什么比……更……” 2. 独立主格结构 3.  neither. . . nor. . . 既不……也不…… 语法 现在分词(短语)作状语和宾语补足语 写作 关于寓言评论的写作 考点1.carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关 These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman，and what carried her through a life of hard choices.林巧稚医生的这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。 词汇拓展 carry on (with/doing sth. )继续(做某事)；坚持(干某事) 1.Once you begin to do something，you must carry on with it，otherwise you will never achieve anything. 一旦你开始做某事，你必须坚持下去，否则你将一事无成。 2.carry out执行；实施；履行；完成 The teachers are discussing the plan that they would like to see carried out next year. 老师们正在讨论他们希望明年实施的计划。 考点2.majority n. 大部分；大多数 At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls，she chose to study medicine. (教材P16)十八岁时，她没有像大多数女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路，而是选择了学医。 用法归纳 ①the majority of. . . 意为“大部分/大多数……”，后接名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于介词of后的名词，如果为复数名词，则谓语动词用　复数   ，如果为单数名词或不可数名词，则谓语动词用　单数  。 ②the majority作主语时，如果强调整体，则谓语动词用单数，如果强调其中的每个个体，谓语动词用复数。 ③　in     the/a majority 占大部分/大多数 词汇拓展 ①major adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 n. 专业课 vi. 主修 ◆major in主修 We may have some questions about whether to major in arts or science. 关于主修文科还是理科我们可能有一些问题。 ②minority n. 少数(人)；少数民族 1.As we know，the of China's surrounding countries are its trading partners. 众所周知，大多数中国附近的国家都是它的贸易伙伴。 2.The of the cake has gone bad. 大部分蛋糕都坏了。 3.People who can speak Chinese are in the in this country. 在这个国家，会说汉语的人占大多数。 4.To our joy，only a small number of people voted against it，and the were for It. 令我们高兴的是，只有少数人投了反对票，大多数人都赞成这件事。 考点3. complain vi. & vt. 抱怨；发牢骚；投诉 “Why should girls learn so much? Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees. (教材P16)“女孩子学那么多干什么?找个好丈夫应该是她们的最终目标!”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。 用法归纳 ①complain (　to    sb. ) of/about sth. (向某人) 抱怨/投诉某事 ②complain (to sb. ) that. . . (向某人) 抱怨/投诉…… 特别提醒 complain后面不能直接跟sb. 作宾语，需加介词to。 词汇拓展 1.complaint n. 投诉；抱怨 2.make a complaint to sb. about/against. . . 向某人抱怨/投诉…… 3.have a complaint about/against. . . 对……有怨言 4.a letter of complaint 投诉信 1.People that some sellers don't accept cash payments. 人们抱怨一些卖家不接受现金付款。 2.Many housewives to their husbands about the trouble in life. 很多家庭主妇向丈夫抱怨生活中的麻烦。 3.He had a about him because Tom didn't come at the appointed time. 因为汤姆没有在约定的时间来，所以他对他有怨言。 4.If you have been badly treated，make a to the manager. 如果你受到恶劣的待遇就向经理投诉。 考点4.respond vt. 回答；回复vi. 做出反应；回应 She responded，“I'd rather stay single to study all my life!”(教材P16)她回答道：“我宁愿单身一辈子也要学习(医学)!” 用法归纳 ①respond　to    . . . 回答/回应…… ②respond to. . . 　with    sth. /by doing sth. 以某物/做某事回应…… 词汇拓展 response n. 回答，答复；反应；响应 in response (to. . . ) 作为(对……的)回答/反应 1.The product was developed in response customer demand. 这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。 2.We do not respond every candidate. If selected，you will be contacted by a manager我们不会回应每一位候选人。如果你被选中，将有经理与你联系。 3.China to the epidemic with immediate action/by taking immediate action. 中国对疫情立即采取了行动。 考点5. elect vt. 选举；推选；选择；决定 In 1954，she was elected to the first National People's Congress and，over the next several decades，she held many important positions. (教材P17)1954年，她被选入第一届全国人民代表大会任职，在随后的几十年间，她担任了许多重要职位。 用法归纳 ①elect sb. (　as    ). . . 选举某人担任某职位 ②elect sb. 　to    . . . 选举某人到某机构(任职) ③elect 　to do   sth. 选择/决定做某事 特别提醒 在“elect sb. (as)+职位”中，总统、市长等独一无二的职位前不加冠词。 词汇拓展 election n. 选举；当选 win/lose an election在选举中获胜/失败 run for election参加竞选 1.Nowadays an increasing number of people to work at home. 现在，越来越多的人选择在家工作。 2.Besides，in November they may him(as)president. 此外，他们可能在11月份选举他为总统。 3.If we all get behind Mr. Smith，we can easily elect him the board. 如果我们都支持史密斯先生，我们很容易就可以选举他到董事会任职。 考点6. tend vt. 照顾；照料 vi. 倾向；趋于 She was more interested in tending patients. . . (教材P17)她更感兴趣的是照顾病人…… 用法归纳 ①表示“照顾某人”可用tend to sb. 或tend sb. 。 ②tend 　towards     /to. . . 趋向/趋于…… ③tend　 to do     sth. 往往会做某事；易于做某事 词汇拓展 tendency n. 趋势；倾向；偏好 have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向/趋势 there is a tendency (for sb. ) to do sth. (某人)有做某事的倾向/趋势 There is a tendency for a lot of media companies to put what they have into VRP (Virtual Reality Platform). 很多媒体公司都倾向于把它们拥有的东西放到虚拟现实平台上。 a tendency to/towards. . . ……的趋势 1.She has a strong natural tendency caution，so I believe she couldn't have left out any detail. 她天生就很谨慎，所以我认为她不可能漏掉任何细节。 2.A nurse's duty is (to) the patients. 护士的职责是照顾病人。 3.This opinion the extreme and we should be cautious. 这种意见趋于偏激，我们应该谨慎。 4.On social media sites，people post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly. 在社交媒体网站上，人们往往只发布积极的、让他们看起来快乐和友好的最新动态。 考点7. scared adj. 害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions. (教材P17)在面试期间，她如此害怕以至于她完全忘了该如何回答这些问题。 用法归纳 ①be scared　of   (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事 ②be scared 　to do   sth. 害怕做某事 ③be scared to death　吓得要死      词汇拓展 ①scare vt. 惊吓；使害怕 vi. 受惊吓 scare off/away把……吓跑 The Chinese people traditionally set off firecrackers during the Spring Festival，in the belief that this helps scare off the monster Nian and brings good fortune. 中国人在春节期间传统上会燃放鞭炮，认为这有助于吓跑“年”兽并带来好运。 scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事 The enemy scared him into telling the truth. 敌人威胁他说出真相。 ②scary adj. 恐怖的；可怕的 a scary movie一部恐怖电影 1.She go into the yard because she was scared of being bitten by the big dog lying at the gate. 她害怕到院子里去，因为她害怕被躺在大门口的大狗咬伤。 2.I death when I saw the tiger jumped out of the cage and ran to the little child. 当我看到老虎从笼子里跳出来跑向小孩时，我吓得要死。 考点8.replace vt. 接替；取代；更换 The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary. (教材P17) 学生会将在一月份举行一次特别会议，选举一个人来接替秘书。 用法归纳 replace A with/by B　用B来代替A     词汇拓展 ①replacement n. 替换；替代品；接替者 We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee replacement operation. 我们有一位女性患者，她正从膝关节置换手术中康复。 ②“代替……”的表达： in place of. . . =in one's place Mr. Smith is supposed to attend the meeting in place of the manager，who has come down with a bad cold. 史密斯先生应该代替经理出席会议，经理得了重感冒。 take one's place=take the place of. . . 1.Farmers in China began to use tractors to cattle for farming. 中国农民开始用拖拉机代替牛来耕作。 2.Our cities will be better places if we cars bicycles. 如果我们用自行车代替汽车，我们的城市将变得更好。 3.With the popularization of artificial intelligence，the company most of its employees with robots. 随着人工智能的普及，这家公司用机器人代替了大部分雇员。 考点9.operation n. 手术；企业；经营 　　During the operation，she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying about him. (教材P18) 在手术过程中，她在等候室里坐了一个多小时，担心着他。 用法归纳 ①have an operation 　on   . . . 接受……手术 ②　in     operation工作中；使用中；有效 ③come 　into   operation开始工作；开始生效 ④put. . . 　into    operation实施；使……运转；启用 词汇拓展 ①operate v. 操作；运转；工作；经营；动手术 ◆operate on sb. /身体部位　给某人/身体某个部位动手术 He is seriously ill and the doctors are preparing to operate on him. 他的病情很严重，医生正准备给他动手术。 ②operator n. 电话接线员；操作人员 1.And then in late November，Tilly had an operation her leg. 后来11月底，蒂莉做了腿部手术。 2.Traffic controls are operation on the new road. 这条新的公路上正在实施交通管制。 3.The new school rules will soon operation. 新校规很快就会生效。 4.It is estimated that more than 20 million shared bikes will have been operation nationwide by 2025. 据估计，到2025年，全国将有2，000多万辆共享单车投入使用。 考点10.whisper vi. & vt. 悄声说；耳语；低语 n. 耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 　　I saw her whispering something into his ear，obviously not wanting to be heard. (教材P18)我看见她在他耳边低语着什么，显然不想被别人听见。 用法归纳 ①whisper sth. to sb. (=whisper to sb. sth. )对某人悄声说某事 ②whisper 　about    sth. 悄声说某事，嘀咕某事 ③It is whispered that. . . 　据传……     ④in 　a    whisper=in whispers 低声地 1.What are you about?你们在低声说些什么? 2.Nervously facing challenges，I know I will to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”. 紧张地面对挑战时，我知道我会对自己小声说两个简单的词“做你自己”。 3.It's that the famous film stars，Jim and Mary，are to separate. 据传，著名影星吉姆和玛丽要分手。 4.My parents told me in a to take good care of myself. 我父母小声地告诉我要照顾好自己。 考点11. assist vt. 帮助；援助 　　Despite the difficult situation，Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people. (教材P18)尽管处境艰难，白求恩医生还是尽他所能帮助中国人。 用法归纳 ①assist (sb. ) 　with    /　in   sth. 在某方面帮助(某人) ②assist sb. 　in doing     /to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 词汇拓展 ①assistance n. 帮助 ◆come to one's assistance帮助某人 ②assistant n. 助理 adj. 助理的；副的 the assistant manager 协理 1.Once he is in trouble，all his friends come to his . 一旦他遇到困难，他所有的朋友都来帮助他。 2.I always my parents doing the dishes after meals. 我总是在饭后帮父母洗碗。 3.In fact，taking part in the arts may even kids the language development. 事实上，参与艺术甚至可能有助于孩子在语言方面的发展。 考点12. memory n. 记忆力；回忆 　　After Dr Bethune's death，Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him，in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China. (教材P18)白求恩医生去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他，在文中他称赞白求恩医生是一位中国要牢记的英雄。 用法归纳 ①in memory of. . . (=　to   the memory of. . . )作为对……的纪念 ②have a good/bad memory 　for   . . . 对……有好/差的记忆力 ③　in    /within one's memory在某人的记忆中 ④from memory 　凭记忆    词汇拓展 ◆memorize vt. 记住；记忆 1.One of the biggest challenges of learning English is that we should so many new words every day. 学习英语最大的挑战之一就是我们应该每天记住如此多的生词。 2.The Chinese people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival the memory of Qu Yuan. 中国人庆祝端午节以纪念屈原。 3.The little boy can recite the Three-Character Classic from . 那个小男孩能背诵《三字经》。 4.I have a good for numbers，so I'm good at maths. 我对数字有很好的记忆力，所以我擅长数学。 5. ，he never hit me except once. 在我的记忆中，他从不打我，除了一次例外。 考点13. tear n. 眼泪；泪水 She picked herself up and limped away in tears. (教材P20)她爬起来，噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。 用法归纳 ①　in    tears流着泪；含着泪 ②burst 　into   tears突然大哭起来 ③be moved 　to   tears感动得落泪 词汇拓展 tear v. 撕裂；撕碎(过去式：tore；过去分词：torn) tear apart使分裂；撕毁；使担心 tear down拆毁，拆除(建筑物、墙等) tear up撕碎；推倒 1.He apart the agreement，saying he would do nothing about it. 他撕毁了协议，说他什么都不会做。 2.Whether to the old buildings for a theme park has not been discussed. 还没有讨论是否拆除旧建筑建造一个主题公园。 3.It is said that if the company closes down，they will the contract between us. 据说如果公司倒闭，他们会撕毁我们之间签订的合同。 4.When the girl heard that her grandma passed away，she . 当女孩听说自己的奶奶去世了时，她突然大哭起来。 5.Many people were moved to by the film HI，MOM. 许多人被电影《你好，李焕英》感动得落泪。 考点14.harm n. & vt. 伤害；损害 Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm?(教材P20)难道这个村子里没有一个人觉得有责任使他们的邻居免受伤害吗? 用法归纳 ①do harm 　to   . . . (= do. . . harm)对……有害 ②cause. . . harm对……造成损害 ③mean no harm　没有恶意     ④there is no harm in 　doing   sth. =it does no harm to do sth. 不妨做某事 词汇拓展 ①harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to 对……有害 ②harmless adj. 无害的；无恶意的 be harmless to对……无害 1.Some experts say that music can be if it is too loud. 一些专家说，如果声音太大，音乐可能有害。2.There are many kinds of garden spiders，but they are to people. 园蛛有很多种，但它们对人类无害。 3.Eating too much salt does our health. 吃太多盐对我们的健康有害。 4.Eating some bitter vegetables does not cause us any . 吃些苦的蔬菜并不会给我们造成任何损害。 5. watching some English films and guessing the meaning of the words in the film. 不妨看一些英语电影，猜测电影中单词的意思。 考点15. nothing is+形容词比较级+than. . . “没有什么比……更……” 　　To a person nothing is more precious than their life，and if they entrust me with that life，how could I refuse that trust，saying I'm cold，hungry，or tired?(教材P16)对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能拒绝那种信任，说我冷了、饿了、累了呢? 用法归纳 ①nothing is+形容词比较级+than. . . 表示“没有什么比……更……”，该结构是用比较级表示最高级含义。 ②该结构中，than后可接名词、代词或　不定式  。 结构拓展 用比较级表示最高级的结构还有： 比较级+than+the other+复数名词 比较级+than+the rest of+复数名词 比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词 比较级+than+anything/anyone else 比较级+than+any other+单数名词(同一范围内的比较) 比较级+than+any+单数名词(不同范围内的比较) 1.Tom is more hard-working than any other student in Class 1. →Tom is more hard-working than of the other students in Class 1. →Tom is more hard-working than the students in Class 1. →Tom is more hard-working than else in Class 1. →Tom is more hard-working than the of students in Class 1. 汤姆是一班最勤奋的学生。 2.Tom is more hard-working than any in Class 2. 汤姆比二班的任何一个学生都更勤奋。 3.He thinks nothing is than this thing. 他认为没有什么比这件事更糟糕了。 4. is more important than to have a healthy body. 没有什么比拥有一个健康的体魄更重要的了。 考点16.独立主格结构 After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing a pot of water on her head. (教材P20) 过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，她们每个人头上都顶着一罐水。 用法归纳 ①现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常与句子主语一致，但当现在分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，我们通常把其逻辑主语放在前面，构成独立主格结构。 ②独立主格结构的逻辑主语常由名词或主格代词充当。 ③独立主格结构的作用相当于一个　状语从句    ，常用来表示　原因    、　时间   、　条件  、方式、伴随或补充说明等情况。 1.It being pretty late (= it was pretty late)，they went home. 已经很晚了，他们就回家了。(表原因) 2.Everyone having finished tasks (= everyone had finished tasks)，we turned off the computers. 每个人都完成工作后，我们就关上了电脑。(表时间) 3.Weather permitting (= weather permits)，they will hold an English corner tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天举办一次英语角。(表条件) 4.We redoubled our efforts，each man like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活儿。(表伴随) 考点17.  neither. . . nor. . . 既不……也不…… Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. (教材P2)她和她的朋友们都没想到把石头从路上移开。 用法归纳 ①neither. . . nor. . . 意为“既不……也不……”，常连接两个　并列    的成分。 ②neither. . . nor. . . 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应和邻近的主语一致，遵循 “　就近原则     ”。 ③neither. . . nor. . . 连接两个并列分句，且都位于　句首  时，两个分句通常用部分倒装结构。 结构拓展 表示“也不……”时，可用neither或nor引起的部分倒装句表达，其结构为： neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语。 1.Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and was I. 比尔对贾森推迟报告感到不高兴，我也不高兴。 2.I have neither brothers sisters. 我既无兄弟又无姐妹。 3.The house is too big too small—it just suits a family of three. 这个房子既不是太大也不是太小——它正好适合一个三口之家。 4. my brother my sister and I enjoy playing Internet games. 我和弟弟妹妹都不喜欢玩网络游戏。 5. could theory do without practice， could practice do without theory. 理论没有实践不行，实践没有理论也不行。 1． 语法精讲 现在分词(短语)作状语和宾语补足语 现在分词(短语)作状语 一、基本用法 用法归纳 (1)现在分词(短语)可以在句中作状语，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，所表示的动 作往往和主语之间存在①　主动   关系。 (2)现在分词(短语)作状语可表示②　时间   、③　原因    、④　条件   、⑤　让步    、 ⑥　伴随   、结果等，可以和状语从句进行转换。 (3)现在分词(短语)作状语，有时可在前面加上while、when等连词。 (4)现在分词(短语)作状语，其否定形式是在前面加⑦　not   。 1.I was considering this while working as a nurse just a few weeks ago. =I was considering this while I was working as a nurse just a few weeks ago. 就在几周前，我还在做护士的时候就在考虑这个问题了。 2.Being too young，he couldn't join the army. =Because he was too young，he couldn't join the army. 因为太年轻，他不能参军。 3.Working hard，you'll succeed. =If you work hard，you'll succeed. 如果你努力工作，你会成功的。 4.Admitting what she said，I still think that she didn't try her best. =Although/Though/While I admit what she said，I still think that she didn't try her best. 尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。 5.He walked down the river，singing softly to himself. =He walked down the river，as he sang softly to himself. 他沿着河一边走，一边对自己轻轻地唱。 6.Not having been invited to the party，she had to stay at home. =Because she had not been invited to the party，she had to stay at home. 由于没有被邀请参加聚会，她只好待在家里。 二、注意事项 1. 现在分词的时态形式和语态形式 用法归纳 形式 主动式 被动式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 2. 现在分词的独立主格结构 情景导学 The train having gone，we had to wait another day. 火车已经开走了，我们不得不再等一天。 Time going by，everything has changed a lot. 随着时间的流逝，一切都发生了很大的变化。 用法归纳 现在分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致，如果不一致，通常在现在分词(短语)前面加上它的⑧　逻辑主语   ，构成独立主格结构。 1.Following the doctor's advice，he began to eat food containing vitamin C. 遵照医生的建议，他开始吃含有维生素C的食物。 2.Being protected by our parents，we have a sense of safety. 由于被父母保护，我们有一种安全感。 3.Having decided to rent a flat，we set about contacting all the housing agencies in the city. 决定租一套公寓后，我们开始联系城里所有的房屋中介。 4.Having been treated properly，the patient looked much better. 经过合理的治疗后，这位病人看起来好多了。 现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语 归纳1 现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语时，表示宾语正在进行某个动作或处于某种状态。 When he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a child，he saw a lady standing in the entrance. 当他站在那所他从小长大的房子前时，他看到一位女士站在门口。  归纳2 现在分词(短语)可作感官动词(短语)see、⑨　hear   、feel、smell、find、notice、observe、look at、listen to等的宾语补足语。 1.I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. 我听到他对友谊及其界限的理解。 2.When I returned to London in 2004，I found myself wandering down to Southbank，spending hours there. 当我2004年回到伦敦时，我发现自己漫步到南岸，在那里花了几个小时。 3.With his eyes fixed on the games on the smartphone，the boy didn't notice his mother standing behind him. 他的眼睛盯着智能手机上的游戏，这个男孩没有注意到他的母亲站在他身后。 4.When he was enjoying the cool under the tree，he suddenly felt an insect crawling on his body. 当他在树下乘凉时，突然感觉一只虫子在身上爬。 归纳3 现在分词(短语)可作使役动词⑩　have   、get、leave、keep等的宾语补足语。 1.I won't have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 2.The expert got the machine running again. 那个专家让这台机器再次运转起来了。 归纳4 现在分词(短语)可在with的复合结构中作宾语补足语，现在分词(短语)与宾语之间是　主动   关系。 1.I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on. 由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。 2.With the college entrance examination approaching，some students are under increasing pressure. 随着高考的临近，部分学生的压力在增加。 单元语法专练 A 1.The retired man sat in the armchair, 　　　　　(read) a newspaper.  2.　　　　　(hear) the bad news, she felt extremely shocked, with her eyes wide open.  3.　　　　　(live) far away from the school, he still attended the night school.  4.　　　　　(take) the path that leads you out of the town, you will come to a lake.   5.When I walked into the office, I found a lot of people 　　　　　(discuss) the project.  6.　　　　　(adopt) the teacher's advice, the boy solved the problem easily.  7.With my father 　　　　　(retire) from his position, my uncle will take his place in the company.  B 1.我看到几个年轻人进了等候区,好奇地四处张望。 I saw several young people enter the waiting area, 　　　　　　　　　　　　.  2.转过身,她看到一辆救护车开走了。 　　　　　　　　, she saw an ambulance driving away.  3.玛丽坐在教室的窗边,和她的同学们制作灯笼。 Mary sat by the window of the classroom, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 .   4.摘了各种各样的新鲜美味的水果之后,我们高高兴兴地回家了。 　　　　　　　　　　　　fresh and tasty fruits, we went home happily.(2020全国Ⅱ写作)  5.今天早晨,在去学校的路上,我看见两名高中生正在帮助一位老年人过马路。 This morning, on my way to school, I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 an old man cross the road.(读后续写—场景描写)  6.过马路时行人必须注意红绿灯。 The pedestrians must pay attention to the traffic lights 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  7.当观众为我的表演鼓掌时,我知道我成功了,一阵兴奋和喜悦席卷了我的全身。 With audiences　　　　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　, I know I made it, and a rush of excitement and joy swept through me.  8.中国已经修建了更多的高速公路,使人们从一个地方旅行到另一个地方容易多了。 More freeways have been built in China,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 for people to travel from one place to another.  二．写作精讲 关于寓言评论的写作 短语 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.in need需要帮助 2.care for照顾 3.share joys and sorrows同甘共苦 4.be in harmony with...与……和谐相处/协调 5.get along/on with与……和睦相处;进展 6.make up with...与……和解 7.lend a hand 帮助,搭把手 8.the real meaning of life生命的真正意义 9.serve the people为人民服务 10.take on responsibility承担责任 句子 1.The fable tells/shows us that...这则寓言告诉我们…… 2.The fable goes that...寓言说的是…… 3.The moral of the fable is that...寓言的寓意是…… 4.This story indicates that...这个故事表明…… 5.What we learn from the fable is that...我们从这则寓言中学到的是…… 6.There is an ancient Chinese fable called...中国古代有则寓言,叫作…… 7.The fable tells us a truth that real knowledge comes from practice.这则寓言告诉我们一个真理:实践出真知。 8.The fable tells us that one good turn deserves another.这则寓言告诉我们,善有善报。 9.We can learn from the fable that where there is a will, there is a way.我们可以从这则寓言中学到:有志者,事竟成。 10.Life begins at the edge of your comfort zone.走出舒适区,人生才算开始。 11.Depend not on fortune, but on conduct.别依赖运气,要靠行动。 12.Nothing seek, nothing find.无所求则无所获。 13.Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。 14.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.世上无难事,只怕有心人。 15.He who has patience can have what he will.唯坚韧者方能遂其志。 16.Actions speak louder than words.行动比言语更为响亮。 17.No pain, no gain.不劳则无获。 18.My journey is long and winding;I will keep on exploring my way far and wide.路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索。 19.The longest journey begins with the first step.千里之行,始于足下。 20.Every little helps.积少成多。 21.Well begun is half done.好的开始是成功的一半。 22.Lost years is worse than lost dollars.一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴。 23.A friend is best found in adversity.=A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。 24.Faith can move mountains.精诚所至,金石为开。 例题讲解 　　请阅读下面这则寓言,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。 On a sunny day a shepherd (牧羊人) walked his two hungry sheep along a winding country path. He managed to have them tied to each other just in case they should go separately. It was quite a long time before they arrived at a place where there was merely a small amount of fresh grass on each side of the path. Both of the sheep were so hungry that they hurried to the grass but in the separate directions. Unfortunately the rope fastening(系牢) them was not long enough. No matter how hard they struggled, neither was able to reach the grass in front of them. The shepherd was about to help them when he was surprised to find that one of them should voluntarily abandon the struggle, and went along with the other. Consequently, together the two sheep enjoyed the fresh grass on one side happily, and then the grass on the other side. (1)用大约30个单词概述上面这则寓言的主要内容; (2)用100—120个单词就此则寓言谈谈你的想法,内容包括: ①从这则寓言中,你获得了哪些启示? ②结合该寓言给你的启示,谈谈你在生活中是如何做的。 思路点拨 主题 合作 体裁 议论文 布局 第一段:对寓言的简单叙述; 第二段:寓言的寓意; 第三段:生活中如何践行合作。 人称 第一人称和 第三人称 时态 以一般现在时为主 遣词造句 Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词填空 1.　　　　n.寓言;寓言故事   2.　　　　adv.因此;所以   3.　　　　n.高尚的道德;美德;优秀品质   4.　　　　v.帮助;援助   Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用 1.完成句子 第一段:对寓言的简单叙述 (1)这则寓言与读者分享了一个关于两只羊的故事。为了吃到路两侧的青草,它们选择合作而不是竞争。 The fable　　　　 a story about two sheep 　　　　 readers. Both of them chose cooperation 　　　　　　　　competition　　　　　　　　　　　　 eat the grass on both sides of the path.  第二段:寓言的寓意 (2)事实上,这则寓言反映出不同的态度可能导致不同的结果。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the fable mirrors that different attitudes may　　　　　　　　 different results.  (3)因此,合作可以创造双赢的局面。在这种局面里,双方都能得益于共同努力的优秀品质。 　　　　, cooperation can create a win-win situation. In this situation, both sides can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 of joint efforts.   第三段:生活中如何践行合作 (4)在我的日常生活中,我经常和同学们在打篮球、参加跑步比赛或社区服务活动的时候合作。 In my daily life, I often 　　　　　　　　 my classmates when playing basketball and 　　　　　　　　　　　　 races or community service activities.  (5)同时,作为回报,我也尽最大努力去帮助他们。 Meanwhile, I also do my best　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  (6)团队合作是如此重要,以至于它帮助我们获得了许多胜利。 Teamwork is　　　　　　　　　　　　 it helps us win numerous victories.  2.句式升级 (7)将句(1)改写为含有定语从句的句子 The fable shares a story about two sheep with readers, 　　　　　　　　　　　　 chose cooperation rather than competition in order to eat the grass on both sides of the path.  (8)将句(3)改写为含有定语从句的句子 Therefore, cooperation can create a win-win situation, 　　　　/　　　　 　　　　both sides can benefit by/from the virtue of joint efforts.  连句成篇 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  实战演练 最近你校就《狼来了》这则寓言故事及其寓意展开讨论,大家踊跃发表自己的看法。请你根据下面所给的要点,给《21世纪学生英文报》写一篇英文稿件。要点如下: 1.该故事的寓意; 2.怎样做一个诚实的学生(举例说明); 3.你的看法(诚实的重要性)。 注意: 1.词数80 左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头已为你写好,不计入总词数。 Almost all of us heard the story Here Comes the Wolf when we were little kids. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  $$Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 话题 道德与美德 词汇 1.majority 2.complain 3.respond 4.elect 5.tend 6.scared7.replace8.operation 9.whisper 10.assist 11.memory 12.tear 13.harm 短语 carry sb.through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关,pass away去世,in memory of作为对……的纪念,in tears流着泪;含着泪,harm n.& vt.伤害;损害,in despair处于绝望中,a great deal (of)大量 句型 1. nothing is+形容词比较级+than. . . “没有什么比……更……” 2. 独立主格结构 3.  neither. . . nor. . . 既不……也不…… 语法 现在分词(短语)作状语和宾语补足语 写作 关于寓言评论的写作 考点1.carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关 These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman，and what carried her through a life of hard choices.林巧稚医生的这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。 词汇拓展 carry on (with/doing sth. )继续(做某事)；坚持(干某事) 1.Once you begin to do something，you must carry on with it，otherwise you will never achieve anything. 一旦你开始做某事，你必须坚持下去，否则你将一事无成。 2.carry out执行；实施；履行；完成 The teachers are discussing the plan that they would like to see carried out next year. 老师们正在讨论他们希望明年实施的计划。 考点2.majority n. 大部分；大多数 At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls，she chose to study medicine. (教材P16)十八岁时，她没有像大多数女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路，而是选择了学医。 用法归纳 ①the majority of. . . 意为“大部分/大多数……”，后接名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于介词of后的名词，如果为复数名词，则谓语动词用　复数   ，如果为单数名词或不可数名词，则谓语动词用　单数  。 ②the majority作主语时，如果强调整体，则谓语动词用单数，如果强调其中的每个个体，谓语动词用复数。 ③　in     the/a majority 占大部分/大多数 词汇拓展 ①major adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 n. 专业课 vi. 主修 ◆major in主修 We may have some questions about whether to major in arts or science. 关于主修文科还是理科我们可能有一些问题。 ②minority n. 少数(人)；少数民族 1.As we know，the majority of China's surrounding countries are its trading partners. 众所周知，大多数中国附近的国家都是它的贸易伙伴。 2.The majority of the cake has gone bad. 大部分蛋糕都坏了。 3.People who can speak Chinese are in the majority in this country. 在这个国家，会说汉语的人占大多数。 4.To our joy，only a small number of people voted against it，and the majority were for It. 令我们高兴的是，只有少数人投了反对票，大多数人都赞成这件事。 考点3. complain vi. & vt. 抱怨；发牢骚；投诉 “Why should girls learn so much? Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees. (教材P16)“女孩子学那么多干什么?找个好丈夫应该是她们的最终目标!”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。 用法归纳 ①complain (　to    sb. ) of/about sth. (向某人) 抱怨/投诉某事 ②complain (to sb. ) that. . . (向某人) 抱怨/投诉…… 特别提醒 complain后面不能直接跟sb. 作宾语，需加介词to。 词汇拓展 1.complaint n. 投诉；抱怨 2.make a complaint to sb. about/against. . . 向某人抱怨/投诉…… 3.have a complaint about/against. . . 对……有怨言 4.a letter of complaint 投诉信 1.People complain that some sellers don't accept cash payments. 人们抱怨一些卖家不接受现金付款。 2.Many housewives complain to their husbands about the trouble in life. 很多家庭主妇向丈夫抱怨生活中的麻烦。 3.He had a complaint about him because Tom didn't come at the appointed time. 因为汤姆没有在约定的时间来，所以他对他有怨言。 4.If you have been badly treated，make a complaint to the manager. 如果你受到恶劣的待遇就向经理投诉。 考点4.respond vt. 回答；回复vi. 做出反应；回应 She responded，“I'd rather stay single to study all my life!”(教材P16)她回答道：“我宁愿单身一辈子也要学习(医学)!” 用法归纳 ①respond　to    . . . 回答/回应…… ②respond to. . . 　with    sth. /by doing sth. 以某物/做某事回应…… 词汇拓展 response n. 回答，答复；反应；响应 in response (to. . . ) 作为(对……的)回答/反应 1.The product was developed in response to customer demand. 这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。 2.We do not respond to every candidate. If selected，you will be contacted by a manager我们不会回应每一位候选人。如果你被选中，将有经理与你联系。 3.China responded to the epidemic with immediate action/by taking immediate action. 中国对疫情立即采取了行动。 考点5. elect vt. 选举；推选；选择；决定 In 1954，she was elected to the first National People's Congress and，over the next several decades，she held many important positions. (教材P17)1954年，她被选入第一届全国人民代表大会任职，在随后的几十年间，她担任了许多重要职位。 用法归纳 ①elect sb. (　as    ). . . 选举某人担任某职位 ②elect sb. 　to    . . . 选举某人到某机构(任职) ③elect 　to do   sth. 选择/决定做某事 特别提醒 在“elect sb. (as)+职位”中，总统、市长等独一无二的职位前不加冠词。 词汇拓展 election n. 选举；当选 win/lose an election在选举中获胜/失败 run for election参加竞选 1.Nowadays an increasing number of people elect to work at home. 现在，越来越多的人选择在家工作。 2.Besides，in November they may elect him(as)president. 此外，他们可能在11月份选举他为总统。 3.If we all get behind Mr. Smith，we can easily elect him to the board. 如果我们都支持史密斯先生，我们很容易就可以选举他到董事会任职。 考点6. tend vt. 照顾；照料 vi. 倾向；趋于 She was more interested in tending patients. . . (教材P17)她更感兴趣的是照顾病人…… 用法归纳 ①表示“照顾某人”可用tend to sb. 或tend sb. 。 ②tend 　towards     /to. . . 趋向/趋于…… ③tend　 to do     sth. 往往会做某事；易于做某事 词汇拓展 tendency n. 趋势；倾向；偏好 have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向/趋势 there is a tendency (for sb. ) to do sth. (某人)有做某事的倾向/趋势 There is a tendency for a lot of media companies to put what they have into VRP (Virtual Reality Platform). 很多媒体公司都倾向于把它们拥有的东西放到虚拟现实平台上。 a tendency to/towards. . . ……的趋势 1.She has a strong natural tendency towards/to caution，so I believe she couldn't have left out any detail. 她天生就很谨慎，所以我认为她不可能漏掉任何细节。 2.A nurse's duty is tending (to) the patients. 护士的职责是照顾病人。 3.This opinion tends towards the extreme and we should be cautious. 这种意见趋于偏激，我们应该谨慎。 4.On social media sites，people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly. 在社交媒体网站上，人们往往只发布积极的、让他们看起来快乐和友好的最新动态。 考点7. scared adj. 害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions. (教材P17)在面试期间，她如此害怕以至于她完全忘了该如何回答这些问题。 用法归纳 ①be scared　of   (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事 ②be scared 　to do   sth. 害怕做某事 ③be scared to death　吓得要死      词汇拓展 ①scare vt. 惊吓；使害怕 vi. 受惊吓 scare off/away把……吓跑 The Chinese people traditionally set off firecrackers during the Spring Festival，in the belief that this helps scare off the monster Nian and brings good fortune. 中国人在春节期间传统上会燃放鞭炮，认为这有助于吓跑“年”兽并带来好运。 scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事 The enemy scared him into telling the truth. 敌人威胁他说出真相。 ②scary adj. 恐怖的；可怕的 a scary movie一部恐怖电影 1.She was scared to go into the yard because she was scared of being bitten by the big dog lying at the gate. 她害怕到院子里去，因为她害怕被躺在大门口的大狗咬伤。 2.I was scared to death when I saw the tiger jumped out of the cage and ran to the little child. 当我看到老虎从笼子里跳出来跑向小孩时，我吓得要死。 考点8.replace vt. 接替；取代；更换 The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary. (教材P17) 学生会将在一月份举行一次特别会议，选举一个人来接替秘书。 用法归纳 replace A with/by B　用B来代替A     词汇拓展 ①replacement n. 替换；替代品；接替者 We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee replacement operation. 我们有一位女性患者，她正从膝关节置换手术中康复。 ②“代替……”的表达： in place of. . . =in one's place Mr. Smith is supposed to attend the meeting in place of the manager，who has come down with a bad cold. 史密斯先生应该代替经理出席会议，经理得了重感冒。 take one's place=take the place of. . . 1.Farmers in China began to use tractors to take the place of cattle for farming. 中国农民开始用拖拉机代替牛来耕作。 2.Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycles. 如果我们用自行车代替汽车，我们的城市将变得更好。 3.With the popularization of artificial intelligence，the company replaced most of its employees with robots. 随着人工智能的普及，这家公司用机器人代替了大部分雇员。 考点9.operation n. 手术；企业；经营 　　During the operation，she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying about him. (教材P18) 在手术过程中，她在等候室里坐了一个多小时，担心着他。 用法归纳 ①have an operation 　on   . . . 接受……手术 ②　in     operation工作中；使用中；有效 ③come 　into   operation开始工作；开始生效 ④put. . . 　into    operation实施；使……运转；启用 词汇拓展 ①operate v. 操作；运转；工作；经营；动手术 ◆operate on sb. /身体部位　给某人/身体某个部位动手术 He is seriously ill and the doctors are preparing to operate on him. 他的病情很严重，医生正准备给他动手术。 ②operator n. 电话接线员；操作人员 1.And then in late November，Tilly had an operation on her leg. 后来11月底，蒂莉做了腿部手术。 2.Traffic controls are in operation on the new road. 这条新的公路上正在实施交通管制。 3.The new school rules will soon come into operation. 新校规很快就会生效。 4.It is estimated that more than 20 million shared bikes will have been put into operation nationwide by 2025. 据估计，到2025年，全国将有2，000多万辆共享单车投入使用。 考点10.whisper vi. & vt. 悄声说；耳语；低语 n. 耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 　　I saw her whispering something into his ear，obviously not wanting to be heard. (教材P18)我看见她在他耳边低语着什么，显然不想被别人听见。 用法归纳 ①whisper sth. to sb. (=whisper to sb. sth. )对某人悄声说某事 ②whisper 　about    sth. 悄声说某事，嘀咕某事 ③It is whispered that. . . 　据传……     ④in 　a    whisper=in whispers 低声地 1.What are you whispering about?你们在低声说些什么? 2.Nervously facing challenges，I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”. 紧张地面对挑战时，我知道我会对自己小声说两个简单的词“做你自己”。 3.It's whispered that the famous film stars，Jim and Mary，are to separate. 据传，著名影星吉姆和玛丽要分手。 4.My parents told me in a whisper to take good care of myself. 我父母小声地告诉我要照顾好自己。 考点11. assist vt. 帮助；援助 　　Despite the difficult situation，Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people. (教材P18)尽管处境艰难，白求恩医生还是尽他所能帮助中国人。 用法归纳 ①assist (sb. ) 　with    /　in   sth. 在某方面帮助(某人) ②assist sb. 　in doing     /to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 词汇拓展 ①assistance n. 帮助 ◆come to one's assistance帮助某人 ②assistant n. 助理 adj. 助理的；副的 the assistant manager 协理 1.Once he is in trouble，all his friends come to his assistance. 一旦他遇到困难，他所有的朋友都来帮助他。 2.I always assist my parents in doing the dishes after meals. 我总是在饭后帮父母洗碗。 3.In fact，taking part in the arts may even assist kids with/in the language development. 事实上，参与艺术甚至可能有助于孩子在语言方面的发展。 考点12. memory n. 记忆力；回忆 　　After Dr Bethune's death，Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him，in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China. (教材P18)白求恩医生去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他，在文中他称赞白求恩医生是一位中国要牢记的英雄。 用法归纳 ①in memory of. . . (=　to   the memory of. . . )作为对……的纪念 ②have a good/bad memory 　for   . . . 对……有好/差的记忆力 ③　in    /within one's memory在某人的记忆中 ④from memory 　凭记忆    词汇拓展 ◆memorize vt. 记住；记忆 1.One of the biggest challenges of learning English is that we should memorize so many new words every day. 学习英语最大的挑战之一就是我们应该每天记住如此多的生词。 2.The Chinese people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in memory of/to the memory of Qu Yuan. 中国人庆祝端午节以纪念屈原。 3.The little boy can recite the Three-Character Classic from memory. 那个小男孩能背诵《三字经》。 4.I have a good memory for numbers，so I'm good at maths. 我对数字有很好的记忆力，所以我擅长数学。 5.In my memory，he never hit me except once. 在我的记忆中，他从不打我，除了一次例外。 考点13. tear n. 眼泪；泪水 She picked herself up and limped away in tears. (教材P20)她爬起来，噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。 用法归纳 ①　in    tears流着泪；含着泪 ②burst 　into   tears突然大哭起来 ③be moved 　to   tears感动得落泪 词汇拓展 tear v. 撕裂；撕碎(过去式：tore；过去分词：torn) tear apart使分裂；撕毁；使担心 tear down拆毁，拆除(建筑物、墙等) tear up撕碎；推倒 1.He tore apart the agreement，saying he would do nothing about it. 他撕毁了协议，说他什么都不会做。 2.Whether to tear down the old buildings for a theme park has not been discussed. 还没有讨论是否拆除旧建筑建造一个主题公园。 3.It is said that if the company closes down，they will tear up the contract between us. 据说如果公司倒闭，他们会撕毁我们之间签订的合同。 4.When the girl heard that her grandma passed away，she burst into tears. 当女孩听说自己的奶奶去世了时，她突然大哭起来。 5.Many people were moved to tears by the film HI，MOM. 许多人被电影《你好，李焕英》感动得落泪。 考点14.harm n. & vt. 伤害；损害 Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm?(教材P20)难道这个村子里没有一个人觉得有责任使他们的邻居免受伤害吗? 用法归纳 ①do harm 　to   . . . (= do. . . harm)对……有害 ②cause. . . harm对……造成损害 ③mean no harm　没有恶意     ④there is no harm in 　doing   sth. =it does no harm to do sth. 不妨做某事 词汇拓展 ①harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to 对……有害 ②harmless adj. 无害的；无恶意的 be harmless to对……无害 1.Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud. 一些专家说，如果声音太大，音乐可能有害。  2.There are many kinds of garden spiders，but they are harmless to people. 园蛛有很多种，但它们对人类无害。 3.Eating too much salt does harm to our health. 吃太多盐对我们的健康有害。 4.Eating some bitter vegetables does not cause us any harm. 吃些苦的蔬菜并不会给我们造成任何损害。 5.There is no harm in watching some English films and guessing the meaning of the words in the film. 不妨看一些英语电影，猜测电影中单词的意思。 考点15. nothing is+形容词比较级+than. . . “没有什么比……更……” 　　To a person nothing is more precious than their life，and if they entrust me with that life，how could I refuse that trust，saying I'm cold，hungry，or tired?(教材P16)对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能拒绝那种信任，说我冷了、饿了、累了呢? 用法归纳 ①nothing is+形容词比较级+than. . . 表示“没有什么比……更……”，该结构是用比较级表示最高级含义。 ②该结构中，than后可接名词、代词或　不定式  。 结构拓展 用比较级表示最高级的结构还有： 比较级+than+the other+复数名词 比较级+than+the rest of+复数名词 比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词 比较级+than+anything/anyone else 比较级+than+any other+单数名词(同一范围内的比较) 比较级+than+any+单数名词(不同范围内的比较) 1.Tom is more hard-working than any other student in Class 1. →Tom is more hard-working than any of the other students in Class 1. →Tom is more hard-working than the other students in Class 1. →Tom is more hard-working than anyone else in Class 1. →Tom is more hard-working than the rest of students in Class 1. 汤姆是一班最勤奋的学生。 2.Tom is more hard-working than any student in Class 2. 汤姆比二班的任何一个学生都更勤奋。 3.He thinks nothing is worse than this thing. 他认为没有什么比这件事更糟糕了。 4.Nothing is more important than to have a healthy body. 没有什么比拥有一个健康的体魄更重要的了。 考点16.独立主格结构 After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing a pot of water on her head. (教材P20) 过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，她们每个人头上都顶着一罐水。 用法归纳 ①现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常与句子主语一致，但当现在分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，我们通常把其逻辑主语放在前面，构成独立主格结构。 ②独立主格结构的逻辑主语常由名词或主格代词充当。 ③独立主格结构的作用相当于一个　状语从句    ，常用来表示　原因    、　时间   、　条件  、方式、伴随或补充说明等情况。 1.It being pretty late (=As it was pretty late)，they went home. 已经很晚了，他们就回家了。(表原因) 2.Everyone having finished tasks (=After everyone had finished tasks)，we turned off the computers. 每个人都完成工作后，我们就关上了电脑。(表时间) 3.Weather permitting (=If weather permits)，they will hold an English corner tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天举办一次英语角。(表条件) 4.We redoubled our efforts，each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活儿。(表伴随) 考点17.  neither. . . nor. . . 既不……也不…… Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. (教材P2)她和她的朋友们都没想到把石头从路上移开。 用法归纳 ①neither. . . nor. . . 意为“既不……也不……”，常连接两个　并列    的成分。 ②neither. . . nor. . . 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应和邻近的主语一致，遵循 “　就近原则     ”。 ③neither. . . nor. . . 连接两个并列分句，且都位于　句首  时，两个分句通常用部分倒装结构。 结构拓展 表示“也不……”时，可用neither或nor引起的部分倒装句表达，其结构为： neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语。 1.Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and neither was I. 比尔对贾森推迟报告感到不高兴，我也不高兴。 2.I have neither brothers nor sisters. 我既无兄弟又无姐妹。 3.The house is neither too big nor too small—it just suits a family of three. 这个房子既不是太大也不是太小——它正好适合一个三口之家。 4.Neither my brother nor my sister and I enjoy playing Internet games. 我和弟弟妹妹都不喜欢玩网络游戏。 5.Neither could theory do without practice，nor could practice do without theory. 理论没有实践不行，实践没有理论也不行。 1． 语法精讲 现在分词(短语)作状语和宾语补足语 现在分词(短语)作状语 一、基本用法 用法归纳 (1)现在分词(短语)可以在句中作状语，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，所表示的动 作往往和主语之间存在①　主动   关系。 (2)现在分词(短语)作状语可表示②　时间   、③　原因    、④　条件   、⑤　让步    、 ⑥　伴随   、结果等，可以和状语从句进行转换。 (3)现在分词(短语)作状语，有时可在前面加上while、when等连词。 (4)现在分词(短语)作状语，其否定形式是在前面加⑦　not   。 1.I was considering this while working as a nurse just a few weeks ago. =I was considering this while I was working as a nurse just a few weeks ago. 就在几周前，我还在做护士的时候就在考虑这个问题了。 2.Being too young，he couldn't join the army. =Because he was too young，he couldn't join the army. 因为太年轻，他不能参军。 3.Working hard，you'll succeed. =If you work hard，you'll succeed. 如果你努力工作，你会成功的。 4.Admitting what she said，I still think that she didn't try her best. =Although/Though/While I admit what she said，I still think that she didn't try her best. 尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。 5.He walked down the river，singing softly to himself. =He walked down the river，as he sang softly to himself. 他沿着河一边走，一边对自己轻轻地唱。 6.Not having been invited to the party，she had to stay at home. =Because she had not been invited to the party，she had to stay at home. 由于没有被邀请参加聚会，她只好待在家里。 二、注意事项 1. 现在分词的时态形式和语态形式 用法归纳 形式 主动式 被动式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 2. 现在分词的独立主格结构 情景导学 The train having gone，we had to wait another day. 火车已经开走了，我们不得不再等一天。 Time going by，everything has changed a lot. 随着时间的流逝，一切都发生了很大的变化。 用法归纳 现在分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致，如果不一致，通常在现在分词(短语)前面加上它的⑧　逻辑主语   ，构成独立主格结构。 1.Following the doctor's advice，he began to eat food containing vitamin C. 遵照医生的建议，他开始吃含有维生素C的食物。 2.Being protected by our parents，we have a sense of safety. 由于被父母保护，我们有一种安全感。 3.Having decided to rent a flat，we set about contacting all the housing agencies in the city. 决定租一套公寓后，我们开始联系城里所有的房屋中介。 4.Having been treated properly，the patient looked much better. 经过合理的治疗后，这位病人看起来好多了。 现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语 归纳1 现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语时，表示宾语正在进行某个动作或处于某种状态。 When he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a child，he saw a lady standing in the entrance. 当他站在那所他从小长大的房子前时，他看到一位女士站在门口。  归纳2 现在分词(短语)可作感官动词(短语)see、⑨　hear   、feel、smell、find、notice、observe、look at、listen to等的宾语补足语。 1.I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. 我听到他对友谊及其界限的理解。 2.When I returned to London in 2004，I found myself wandering down to Southbank，spending hours there. 当我2004年回到伦敦时，我发现自己漫步到南岸，在那里花了几个小时。 3.With his eyes fixed on the games on the smartphone，the boy didn't notice his mother standing behind him. 他的眼睛盯着智能手机上的游戏，这个男孩没有注意到他的母亲站在他身后。 4.When he was enjoying the cool under the tree，he suddenly felt an insect crawling on his body. 当他在树下乘凉时，突然感觉一只虫子在身上爬。 归纳3 现在分词(短语)可作使役动词⑩　have   、get、leave、keep等的宾语补足语。 1.I won't have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 2.The expert got the machine running again. 那个专家让这台机器再次运转起来了。 归纳4 现在分词(短语)可在with的复合结构中作宾语补足语，现在分词(短语)与宾语之间是　主动   关系。 1.I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on. 由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。 2.With the college entrance examination approaching，some students are under increasing pressure. 随着高考的临近，部分学生的压力在增加。 单元语法专练 A 1.The retired man sat in the armchair, 　　　　　(read) a newspaper.  2.　　　　　(hear) the bad news, she felt extremely shocked, with her eyes wide open.  3.　　　　　(live) far away from the school, he still attended the night school.  4.　　　　　(take) the path that leads you out of the town, you will come to a lake.   5.When I walked into the office, I found a lot of people 　　　　　(discuss) the project.  6.　　　　　(adopt) the teacher's advice, the boy solved the problem easily.  7.With my father 　　　　　(retire) from his position, my uncle will take his place in the company.  1.reading　考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意:这个退休的人坐在扶手椅上读报纸。该句中逗号后没有连词,且句中已有谓语,故设空处应用非谓语动词。设空处动作伴随着sat表示的动作发生,且与句子主语是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词形式作伴随状语。 2.Hearing　考查现在分词作时间状语。句意:听到这个坏消息时,她感到非常震惊,眼睛睁得大大的。设空处提示词hear与句子主语是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作时间状语。 3.Living　考查现在分词作让步状语。句意:虽然他住得离学校很远,但他仍然去上夜校。逗号前后是让步关系,提示词live与句子主语是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作让步状语。 4.Taking　考查现在分词作条件状语。句意:沿着那条通往城外的小路,你会来到一个湖边。设空处表示条件,且提示词take与句子主语是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作条件状语。 5.discussing　考查现在分词作宾语补足语。此处为“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,结合语境可知,当“我”走进办公室时,“我”发现很多人正在讨论这个项目。 故这里表示发现某人正在做某事,应用现在分词作宾语补足语。 6.Having adopted　考查现在分词作时间状语。句意:采纳了老师的建议后,这个男孩轻松地解决了问题。提示词adopt与the boy之间为主动关系且adopt表示的动作先于谓语动词表示的动作发生,故用现在分词的完成式作时间状语。 7.retiring　考查现在分词作宾语补足语。句意:我父亲从他的职位上退休后,我叔叔将接替他在公司的职位。此处为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,提示词retire与my father之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作宾语补足语。 B 1.我看到几个年轻人进了等候区,好奇地四处张望。 I saw several young people enter the waiting area, 　　　　　　　　　　　　.  2.转过身,她看到一辆救护车开走了。 　　　　　　　　, she saw an ambulance driving away.  3.玛丽坐在教室的窗边,和她的同学们制作灯笼。 Mary sat by the window of the classroom, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 .   4.摘了各种各样的新鲜美味的水果之后,我们高高兴兴地回家了。 　　　　　　　　　　　　fresh and tasty fruits, we went home happily.(2020全国Ⅱ写作)  5.今天早晨,在去学校的路上,我看见两名高中生正在帮助一位老年人过马路。 This morning, on my way to school, I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 an old man cross the road.(读后续写—场景描写)  6.过马路时行人必须注意红绿灯。 The pedestrians must pay attention to the traffic lights 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  7.当观众为我的表演鼓掌时,我知道我成功了,一阵兴奋和喜悦席卷了我的全身。 With audiences　　　　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　, I know I made it, and a rush of excitement and joy swept through me.  8.中国已经修建了更多的高速公路,使人们从一个地方旅行到另一个地方容易多了。 More freeways have been built in China,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 for people to travel from one place to another.  1.looking around curiously　2.Turning around　3.making lanterns with her classmates　4.Having picked various　5.saw two high school students helping　6.when crossing the road　7.clapping for my performance　8.making it much easier 二．写作精讲 关于寓言评论的写作 短语 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.in need需要帮助 2.care for照顾 3.share joys and sorrows同甘共苦 4.be in harmony with...与……和谐相处/协调 5.get along/on with与……和睦相处;进展 6.make up with...与……和解 7.lend a hand 帮助,搭把手 8.the real meaning of life生命的真正意义 9.serve the people为人民服务 10.take on responsibility承担责任 句子 1.The fable tells/shows us that...这则寓言告诉我们…… 2.The fable goes that...寓言说的是…… 3.The moral of the fable is that...寓言的寓意是…… 4.This story indicates that...这个故事表明…… 5.What we learn from the fable is that...我们从这则寓言中学到的是…… 6.There is an ancient Chinese fable called...中国古代有则寓言,叫作…… 7.The fable tells us a truth that real knowledge comes from practice.这则寓言告诉我们一个真理:实践出真知。 8.The fable tells us that one good turn deserves another.这则寓言告诉我们,善有善报。 9.We can learn from the fable that where there is a will, there is a way.我们可以从这则寓言中学到:有志者,事竟成。 10.Life begins at the edge of your comfort zone.走出舒适区,人生才算开始。 11.Depend not on fortune, but on conduct.别依赖运气,要靠行动。 12.Nothing seek, nothing find.无所求则无所获。 13.Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。 14.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.世上无难事,只怕有心人。 15.He who has patience can have what he will.唯坚韧者方能遂其志。 16.Actions speak louder than words.行动比言语更为响亮。 17.No pain, no gain.不劳则无获。 18.My journey is long and winding;I will keep on exploring my way far and wide.路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索。 19.The longest journey begins with the first step.千里之行,始于足下。 20.Every little helps.积少成多。 21.Well begun is half done.好的开始是成功的一半。 22.Lost years is worse than lost dollars.一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴。 23.A friend is best found in adversity.=A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。 24.Faith can move mountains.精诚所至,金石为开。 例题讲解 　　请阅读下面这则寓言,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。 On a sunny day a shepherd (牧羊人) walked his two hungry sheep along a winding country path. He managed to have them tied to each other just in case they should go separately. It was quite a long time before they arrived at a place where there was merely a small amount of fresh grass on each side of the path. Both of the sheep were so hungry that they hurried to the grass but in the separate directions. Unfortunately the rope fastening(系牢) them was not long enough. No matter how hard they struggled, neither was able to reach the grass in front of them. The shepherd was about to help them when he was surprised to find that one of them should voluntarily abandon the struggle, and went along with the other. Consequently, together the two sheep enjoyed the fresh grass on one side happily, and then the grass on the other side. (1)用大约30个单词概述上面这则寓言的主要内容; (2)用100—120个单词就此则寓言谈谈你的想法,内容包括: ①从这则寓言中,你获得了哪些启示? ②结合该寓言给你的启示,谈谈你在生活中是如何做的。 思路点拨 主题 合作 体裁 议论文 布局 第一段:对寓言的简单叙述; 第二段:寓言的寓意; 第三段:生活中如何践行合作。 人称 第一人称和 第三人称 时态 以一般现在时为主 遣词造句 Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词填空 1.　　　　n.寓言;寓言故事   2.　　　　adv.因此;所以   3.　　　　n.高尚的道德;美德;优秀品质   4.　　　　v.帮助;援助   答案　1.fable　2.therefore　3.virtue4.assist Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用 1.完成句子 第一段:对寓言的简单叙述 (1)这则寓言与读者分享了一个关于两只羊的故事。为了吃到路两侧的青草,它们选择合作而不是竞争。 The fable　　　　 a story about two sheep 　　　　 readers. Both of them chose cooperation 　　　　　　　　competition　　　　　　　　　　　　 eat the grass on both sides of the path.  第二段:寓言的寓意 (2)事实上,这则寓言反映出不同的态度可能导致不同的结果。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the fable mirrors that different attitudes may　　　　　　　　 different results.  (3)因此,合作可以创造双赢的局面。在这种局面里,双方都能得益于共同努力的优秀品质。 　　　　, cooperation can create a win-win situation. In this situation, both sides can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 of joint efforts.   第三段:生活中如何践行合作 (4)在我的日常生活中,我经常和同学们在打篮球、参加跑步比赛或社区服务活动的时候合作。 In my daily life, I often 　　　　　　　　 my classmates when playing basketball and 　　　　　　　　　　　　 races or community service activities.  (5)同时,作为回报,我也尽最大努力去帮助他们。 Meanwhile, I also do my best　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  (6)团队合作是如此重要,以至于它帮助我们获得了许多胜利。 Teamwork is　　　　　　　　　　　　 it helps us win numerous victories.  答案　(1)shares;with;rather than;in order to(2)As a matter of fact;lead to(3)Therefore;benefit by/from the virtue (4)cooperate with;taking part in(5)to assist them in return(6)so important that 2.句式升级 (7)将句(1)改写为含有定语从句的句子 The fable shares a story about two sheep with readers, 　　　　　　　　　　　　 chose cooperation rather than competition in order to eat the grass on both sides of the path.  (8)将句(3)改写为含有定语从句的句子 Therefore, cooperation can create a win-win situation, 　　　　/　　　　 　　　　both sides can benefit by/from the virtue of joint efforts.  答案　(7)both of whom　(8)where;in which 连句成篇 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  参考范文 The fable shares a story about two sheep with readers, both of whom chose cooperation rather than competition in order to eat the grass on both sides of the path. As a matter of fact, the fable mirrors that different attitudes may lead to different results. As an old saying goes, unity means strength. A chopstick breaks easily, while a bunch of them do not. Therefore, cooperation can create a win-win situation, where/in which both sides can benefit by/from the virtue of joint efforts. In my daily life, I often cooperate with my classmates when playing basketball and taking part in races or community service activities. I learn a lot from my classmates and friends by following their advice. Meanwhile, I also do my best to assist them in return. Teamwork is so important that it helps us win numerous victories. 实战演练 最近你校就《狼来了》这则寓言故事及其寓意展开讨论,大家踊跃发表自己的看法。请你根据下面所给的要点,给《21世纪学生英文报》写一篇英文稿件。要点如下: 1.该故事的寓意; 2.怎样做一个诚实的学生(举例说明); 3.你的看法(诚实的重要性)。 注意: 1.词数80 左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头已为你写好,不计入总词数。 Almost all of us heard the story Here Comes the Wolf when we were little kids. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  One possible version: Almost all of us heard the story Here Comes the Wolf when we were little kids. What we can learn from the story is that we must be honest and telling a lie is terrible.  As students, honesty is especially important. By giving honest answers to questions in the exam, not only can we learn about our own strengths and weaknesses in our study, but also our teachers can evaluate our study. Besides, we should finish our homework independently and return books when they are due. As far as I'm concerned, honesty is a good virtue. People who are honest can always win others' respect. A liar is always looked down upon and is hard to earn people's trust. Only in an honest way are we able to make more friends and gain their help to achieve our goals. $$