13 词块增色训练-2025年高考英语读后续写高分技能提升

词块增色训练 在高中英语读后续写中，词块的运用是提升写作质量和效率的关键。词块是指那些预先组合且频繁使用的多个词的组合，它们是语法、语义和语境的结合体，具有固定的形式和功能。词块的存在形式多样，包括单个词汇、多词短语、固定搭配等。通过积累和运用词块，学生可以更高效地处理语言信息，提高阅读理解能力，并为语言输出奠定坚实基础。 一、词块的类型与功能 根据词汇内部的语义联系和句法功能，词块可以分为以下四种类型： 1. 聚合词：具有习语性质的固定短语，其中的单词不能任意替换。例如： in particular（尤其） on the other hand（另一方面） 中文解释：这些短语在语境中具有固定的语义和用法，不能随意更改。 2．搭配词组：在一起出现频率较高的词语组合，如“动词+名词”或“形容词+名词”。例如： take sth. for granted（认为……理所当然） a heavy smog（浓重的雾霾） 中文解释：这些词组通过固定的搭配表达特定的意义，增强语言的准确性和自然性。 3．惯用话语：形式固定或半固定的具有固定语用功能的单词组合。它们既可以是完整的句子，也可以是句子的开头。例如： If I were you, I would...（如果我是你，我会……） As far as I am concerned...（就我而言……） 中文解释：这些表达在特定语境中具有固定的用法，能够帮助学生更自然地表达观点。 4．句子框架和引语：形式和功能半固定或固定的词块，通常用于书面语。例如： Firstly... Secondly... Finally...（首先……其次……最后……） In conclusion...（总之……） 中文解释：这些词块帮助学生组织文章结构，使文章更加连贯和逻辑清晰。 二、词块在读后续写中的应用 词块在读后续写中的应用不仅能够提高语言的准确性和地道性，还能增强文章的连贯性和逻辑性。通过积累和运用词块，学生可以更高效地组织语言，减少写作中的犹豫和错误。 在读后续写教学中应用词块理论能够提高学生续写语言的准确性和地道性，还能提高他们续写文章的连贯性和逻辑性，也能使其快速搭建文章框架从整体上组织篇章。 示例分析 阅读下面的短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 When I was eleven years old, I had a big accident. I get scared even now when I think about that time. I went skating near my house. There were many people, and I saw some of them falling on the ice.     It was my first time to go ice skating, so I was nervous. I was wondering how to skate.     I went with a friend who was very skillful. He spent some time teaching me how to skate,but I didn't learn much. He left me and skated all around. As soon as he left, I fell down. I envied the other people because they could skate well.     I was bored because I kept falling so I took off my skates and just walked around on the ice in my shoes. It was cold and my hands were frozen.     Suddenly, I stepped on something that was not hard. What was it？ It was a weak place in the ice. When I stepped there, I sank under the ice. I thought that I was going to die, but I did my best to grab something to get out from under the ice. I tried to grab the edge of the ice, but it was very difficult for an eleven-year-old.     It seemed like a very long time, like a year. Then, fortunately, someone helped me. He grabbed my arms and pulled me up. So, I lived and I'm still alive today.     I thanked him. At that time, my friend came back. I was annoyed at him because he was supposed to take care of me, but he didn't. He was embarrassed. When I took a taxi home, the taxi driver was surprised and asked what had happened. I didn't want to say anything because I was tired and scared. Even now, whenever I think about that time, I feel uncomfortable. I don't want to go skating again even now. 注意： 1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语． Paragraph 1： It was long before I went skating once again, Paragraph 2： However,  ever since then I haven't found any time to go skating, 1．提取词块 词块是有效建构语篇的语言材料，我们可以指导学生分类积累各种词块，构建词块关系网，扩充续写的词汇量。基于上述写作任务，由于该文本是记叙文，主要描述了主人公第一次滑冰时的经历，所以我们要提醒学生在积累词块时关注记叙文的语言风格和文本逻辑。这样可以引导他们将词块与情境进行关联，丰富续写语言。 表2：源语篇中的词块分类整理 词块类别 源语篇中的词块举例 词级词块 动作描写 see sb. falling on the ice/take off my skates/step on sth./sink under ice/grab the edge of the ice/pull me up 情绪描写 get scared/envy other people/get bored/be annoyed at/be embarrassed/feel uncomfortable 环境描写 be cold and my hands were frozen 句级词块 I was wondering how to do sth. / I went with a friend who... When I stepped there,I .../I thought that ... The taxi driver asked what .../ Whenever I think about,I... 语篇词块 语篇框架词块 It was my first time to do...so.../as soon as he left/I... suddenly/I... It seemed like a very long time/like a year. Then, fortunately, someone.../I don’t want to... even now. 逻辑衔接词 Because/so/but/and then/at that time/unfortunately. 2．构思词块 原文提供了两个续写段落的首句和 8 个关键 词，这些线索指明了续写故事的发展方向。我们指导学生根据两个段落的开头语和关键词推理续写情节，构思词块，并指出推理时要注意上下文的逻 辑和衔接，鼓励多种续写思路。我们可以通过小组讨论的形式激发学生的思维，促使他们设想故事发展的各种可能性，并把这些悬念有选择地用于续写中。然后，利用所提供的关键词和两个段落的开头语引导写作思路的发展，使学生通过认真理解这两句话正确推断续写故事的发展方向。最后，指导学生按照预设故事的发展情节，以词块的形式写出续写提纲，要求续写的故事合情合理，与原文衔接紧密。例如： 学生呈现的续写提纲： Para.1： accompanied by a friend—take special care of me—manage not to fall down—learn to skate well—become confident.[使用的关键词：fall down，skate well，take care of，fall down] Para.2： be occupied in working—learn a lot from—face desperation—have the patience to do—never lose heart —in case of failure.[使用的关键词：skillful，went skating，scared] 在学生分享各自的写作提纲时，我们可以指导他们收集并分类地道的词块，提取丰富的写作语言，方便在续写时提取和运用。例如，有学生收集并分类的词块如下： 情感表达 ：terror gripped sb./feel the blood/pumping through one’s veins/be out of breath sigh with relief/a wave of relief flooded over sb. 动作描写 ：stand up on the ice/head out/fall down/dive into/take care of 经历感悟：express our gratitude/be determined to do/have no submission/face difficulty bravely 3．连句成篇 我们让学生在续写提纲的指导下运用收集的词块连句成篇，完成续写任务，目的是让他们在个性化运用中巩固所积累的词块。例如，学生提供了以下作文初稿(黑体字部分使用了 所积累的词块)： Paragraph 1 It was long before I went skating once again, accompanied by one of my friends. I felt the blood pumping through my veins, when I stood on then ice. I was careful and cautious this time. My friend took special care of me,and I was so fortunate this time that I managed not to fall down. I expressed my gratitude to my friend for her help.Gradually I learned to skate well and became skillful. I felt very confident and no longer scared. Paragraph 2 However,ever since then I haven’t found any time to go skating,not because I do not like skating, but because I am too busy working. I’ve learned a lot from these two skating experiences. We all have moments of desperation. But if we can face difficulty bravely,that’s when we find out how strong we really are. Whatever you do,you must have the patience to do it as well as the skill. Remember: never get too much pride because of victory or lose heart in case of failure 4．修改内化 在学生完成初步写作之后，让学生以评分标准为依据欣赏同伴作文，有助于他们了解评分标准，明晰续写要求，增强运用主题词块的意识。在宽松和开放的 赏析过程中，学生积极参与到同伴作文的评价过 程中，并反思自身的写作过程，促进了自身写作意识的提高。 (1)词块升级 我们可以指导学生用积累的词块优化自己的写作初稿，并要求其精挑细选词块，确保围绕写作主题所使用的词块都精准和地道。例如： be busy working → be devoted to working; like skating→ be keen on skating; learn to do sth. → grasp the skill of (2)句子仿写 指导学生回读原文，分析原文在语言表达方面的显著特点，观察是否有各种从句、特 殊句型等高级句式，使他们通过模仿与创造来优化和升级句子，力求在句式层面与原文的表达风格保持一致。例如： I was wondering how to skate(原文)→ She patiently explained to me how to start. I went with a friend who was very skillful.(原文)→ Though I couldn’t be like others，who could skate well. I get scared even now when I think about that time.(原文)→ As for the skating，maybe I could be on the ice again when my baby is grown up and asks me one hundred times! I didn’t want to say anything because I was tired and scared.(原文)→Because immediately I dived into the applying for the suitable jobs. (3)改写段落 在词块提升和句子仿写完成之后，指导学生改写文章中的某一段，旨在引导他们优化续写文章的词块搭配、句型结构和衔接手段，并运用语篇框架词块。(要求学生根据故事情节，发挥想象，改写文章段落。)例如，以续写文章的第二段为例，学生进行了如下修改： However, ever since then I haven’t found any time to go skating, because immediately I dived into the applying for the suitable jobs. And then, fortunately, I met my honey and got married. As was expected, one baby came into the world and was now smiling to me every day. As for the skating, maybe I could be on the ice again when my baby is grown up and asks me one hundred times! 最后，让学生根据教师的指导方法完成作文的修改稿，这样可以提供给他们更多的模仿语言、 内化词块和提升写作水平的机会。可见，运用词块进行读后续写教学有助于培养学生的词块意识，提高其组词成句、 连句成篇，以及谋篇布局的能力，从而提高其英语写作水平。 3、 词块素材积累 主题一：情绪类 1． **表示开心/兴奋** - laugh heartily / smile broadly 开怀大笑/咧嘴大笑 - flash a bright smile 绽放灿烂的笑容 - giggle / grin / chuckle 咯咯笑/咧嘴笑/轻声笑 - a feeling of indescribable joy 一种难以言表的喜悦之情 - be over the moon / be wild with joy 欣喜若狂 - a mixture of excitement and happiness 兴奋与幸福交织的感觉 - His eyes twinkled with pleasure. 他的眼睛闪烁着喜悦的光芒。 - The boy's heart was overflowing with joy. 男孩的心中充满了喜悦。 - Her voice trembled with excitement. 她的声音因兴奋而颤抖。 - The smile on her face shone like a diamond. 她脸上的笑容如钻石般闪耀。 2． **表示难过/沮丧** - in low spirits 情绪低落 - burst into tears 突然大哭 - a strong sense of loss 强烈的失落感 - with tears streaming down one's face 泪流满面 - with a blank expression on one's face 面无表情 - sob with one's face buried in hands 双手掩面哭泣 - She started to weep uncontrollably. 她开始 uncontrollably 地哭泣。 - I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness. 我感觉自己仿佛漂浮在悲伤的海洋里。 - He couldn't stand the frustration of not being able to help. 他无法忍受因无法帮忙而产生的挫败感。 - One harsh word would send her into the depths of despair. 一句严厉的话就会让她陷入绝望的深渊。 3． **表示惊讶/愤怒/失望** - be numb with shock 震惊得麻木了 - with one's mouth wide open 张大嘴巴 - stamp one's foot in anger 愤怒地跺脚 - boil with rage / boil over 怒火中烧 - to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是 - a flash of anger 一闪而过的愤怒 - His eyes were wide with astonishment. 他惊讶地瞪大了眼睛。 - He could hardly / scarcely contain his rage. 他几乎无法抑制自己的愤怒。 - He glared at me with burning eyes. 他用愤怒的眼神瞪着我。 - I could notice obvious disappointment creep over his face. 我能察觉到明显的失望爬上他的脸庞。 4． **表示紧张/焦虑/害怕** - be on edge 紧张不安 - have ants in one's pants 坐立不安 - be restless with anxiety 焦虑不安 - tremble from head to toe 浑身颤抖 - too scared to move an inch 吓得动弹不得 - one's face turns pale with fear 吓得脸色苍白 - one's heart is in one's mouth 心提到嗓子眼 - have butterflies in one's stomach 心里七上八下 - A flood of fear welled up inside him. / Fear flooded over him. 一股恐惧涌上他的心头。 - I felt so scared that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak. 我吓得喉咙发紧，双腿发软。 主题二：动作类 1． **描述肢体动作** - rush off 匆匆离开 - hang one's head in shame 羞愧地低下头 - wave one's arm 挥舞手臂 - drag behind 拖在后面 - walk aimlessly 漫无目的地走 - stagger to one's feet 摇摇晃晃地站起来 - put one's arms around sb. 搂住某人 - They dived into the water. 他们跳入水中。 - She leapt out of the back seat. 她从后座跳了出来。 - She sat on the floor, hugging her knees. 她坐在地板上，抱着膝盖。 - He gave her an encouraging pat on the shoulder. 他鼓励地拍了拍她的肩膀。 - She gave her mother a big hug. 她给了母亲一个大大的拥抱。 - She marched over to me and demanded an apology. 她大步走到我面前，要求我道歉。 2． **描述感官动作** - listen hard 仔细听 - take a quick look 快速看一眼 - look sb. straight in the eye 直视某人的眼睛 - speak in a serious voice 严肃地说 - have a taste of 尝一尝 - talk to oneself 自言自语 - be lost / deep in thought 陷入沉思 - I heard a dog barking. 我听到一只狗在叫。 - She began to hear her own nervous breathing. 她开始听到自己紧张的呼吸声。 - He was aware of the wind in his face. 他感觉到风吹在脸上。 - The puppy was sniffing at the carpet. 小狗在嗅地毯。 主题三：环境类 1． **描述天气** - clear up 放晴 - a flash of lightning 一道闪电 - a fresh breeze 一阵清风 - unbearable heat 难以忍受的炎热 - be full of dark clouds 乌云密布 - fierce / heavy / violent storms 猛烈的暴风雨 - It's pouring rain outside. 外面正下着倾盆大雨。 - The sun is shining brightly in the sky. 太阳在天空中灿烂地照耀着。 - It was freezing cold. 天气极冷。 - All at once thunder and lightning began. 突然，雷电交加。 2． **描述地理** - a mountain track 山路 - a dense forest 茂密的森林 - rough ground 崎岖的地面 - a calm / rough sea 平静的/波涛汹涌的大海 - a sparkling blue lake 波光粼粼的蓝色湖泊 - The hills were bathed in pale moonlight. 山丘沐浴在苍白的月光下。 - The plant's purple blooms attract butterflies. 这种植物的紫色花朵吸引蝴蝶。 3． **描述社会环境** - gathering crowds 聚集的人群 - busy and crowded cities 繁忙拥挤的城市 - in the dim light of street lamps 在路灯昏暗的灯光下 - The streets were noisy and full of activity. 街道嘈杂，充满活力。 - Heavy traffic blocked the road. 交通拥堵堵塞了道路。 主题四：人物描写类 1． **描述外貌神情** - rough hands 粗糙的手 - a pale face 苍白的脸 - wear a frown 皱着眉头 - wear shoulder - length hair 留着齐肩长发 - a weather - beaten face 饱经风霜的脸 - in rags 衣衫褴褛 - She is charming when she smiles. 她笑起来很迷人。 - The little boy has beautiful blue eyes. 小男孩有一双漂亮的蓝眼睛。 - He is of average / medium height with a pair of thick glasses. 他中等身材，戴着一副厚眼镜。 2． **描述性格特征** - down - to - earth 务实的 - a short temper 急性子 - a strong will 坚强的意志 - a difficult person 难相处的人 - lack self - confidence 缺乏自信 - with pleasant personality 性格开朗 - The local people are very friendly. 当地人非常友好。 - I found my new neighbor to be very hospitable. 我发现我的新邻居非常好客。 - Somehow, he remained optimistic despite all misfortunes. 不知为何，尽管遭遇了所有不幸，他仍然保持乐观。 主题五：主旨升华类 1． **描述人际交往** - make a difference 有影响；起作用 - be always willing to lend a hand 总是乐于帮忙 - Helping others to realize their dreams gave me more pleasure. 帮助别人实现梦想给我带来了更多的快乐。 - He bowed low with gratitude. 他感激地深深鞠躬。 - She felt warmth during the cold day, and believed there was kindness in every corner. 寒冷的日子里她感受到了温暖，并且相信每个角落都有善意。 - Everyone was relaxed and the conversation flowed freely. 每个人都很放松，谈话进行得很顺畅。 2． **描述生活感悟** - lifelong ambition 毕生的志向 - respect for all living creatures 尊重所有生物 - learn from bitter experiences 从痛苦的经历中学习 - It is never too late to learn. 学习永远不嫌晚。 - The only way to conquer a fear is to face it. 战胜恐惧的唯一方法就是面对它。 - No pain, no gain. 一分耕耘，一分收获。 - Good tools are essential to do the job well. 工欲善其事，必先利其器。 综合演练： Sally had anxiety disorder trouble that made her fail to speak in social situations. I'm a nurse and use Bella to help children in my community, to bring them comfort and confidence the way only a dog can. I thought back to the day when I'd first brought Bella to the school. That morning in January, her teacher led us to a room. “Sally hasn't spoken outside her home in two years," she told me. “Her parents have taken her to doctors, but nothing has worked.” A little girl stood shyly just inside the doorway. Her eyes brightened when she noticed my dog. “This is Bella I said. “She does tricks. Would you like to see?" Sally nodded. I motioned with my hand. Bella lay down and then rolled over. Sally's eyes lit up. I showed Sally the hand signals for various commands. She was a natural with Bella, maybe because she couldn't rely on the spoken word herself. Bella sensed that and responded. Soon Sally was able to put Bella through her paces all on her own. I could see her standing taller, more sure of herself each time we met. One morning in March when she was working with Bella, I heard a tiny voice? Barely a whisper, “Good dog." Sally didn't take her eyes off Bella, but I wanted to jump for joy. Sally spoke a little more each week, only to Bella at first, but then to me. Later, she started giving voice commands with her hand signals and her confidence rose. Now, five-year-old Sally stood nervously in front of her kindergarten class, with Bella, my trained dog, sitting calmly by her side. All the eyes of her classmates were focused on Sally. They were waiting for her to speak. It was June-only one week of school left—but they had never heard her voice. Not once. Paragraph 1: But not a word came out. ______________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: The next week, she told me she wanted to try again , looking up at me with determination.  ______________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译小练习： 1. 莎莉很高兴能在班上举办一场狗展。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 她和贝拉和我练习了几个星期。现在她的眼睛有了我的眼睛。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 我点头鼓励。她深吸一口气，张开嘴。但是她的嘴，然后她的整个身体，似乎都打败了自己。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 莎莉低着头站在一旁。我感觉糟透了。莎莉回到座位上，没有看任何人，甚至贝拉也没有。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 我们去了莎莉的教室。孩子们围成一圈坐在地板上听老师讲课。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 我们到达时他们转过身来。我们走到安静的房间前面。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 我握着莎莉的手往后退了一步。她静静地站着，盯着她的同学们，似乎有好几秒钟的时间。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 最后她挥了挥手，低声说：“这是莎莉。”然后，再大声一点，“莎莉，你的同学。期待与您交朋友。” ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1. 莎莉很高兴能在班上举办一场狗展。 Sally had been so excited about putting on a dog show for her class. 2. 她和贝拉和我练习了几个星期。现在她的眼睛有了我的眼睛。 She had practiced with Bella and me for weeks. Now her eyes found mine. 3. 我点头鼓励。她深吸一口气，张开嘴。但是她的嘴，然后她的整个身体，似乎都打败了自己。 I nodded encouragingly. She took a deep breath and opened her mouth. But her mouth, then her whole body, seemed to defeat herself. 4. 莎莉低着头站在一旁。我感觉糟透了。莎莉回到座位上，没有看任何人，甚至贝拉也没有。 Sally stood off to the side, head down. I felt awful. Sally returned to her seat, not looking at anyone, not even Bella. 5. 我们去了莎莉的教室。孩子们围成一圈坐在地板上听老师讲课。 We headed to Sally`s classroom. The kids were sitting in a circle on the floor listening to the teacher. 6. 我们到达时他们转过身来。我们走到安静的房间前面。 They turned when we arrived. We walked to the front of the quiet room. 7. 我握着莎莉的手往后退了一步。她静静地站着，盯着她的同学们，似乎有好几秒钟的时间。 I shook Sally`s hands and stepped back. For a few seconds that seemed like hours, she stood silently, staring at her classmates. 8. 最后她挥了挥手，低声说：“这是莎莉。”然后，再大声一点，“莎莉，你的同学。期待与您交朋友。” Finally she waved her hand and whispered, “This is Sally.”Then, a little louder, “Sally, your classmate. Looking forward to making friends with you.”  参考范文：  Paragraph 1： Not a word came out. Sally had been so excited about putting on a dog show for her class. She had practiced with Bella and me for weeks. Now her eyes found mine. I nodded encouragingly. She took a deep breath and opened her mouth. But her mouth, then her whole body, seemed to defeat herself. Sally stood off to the side, head down. I felt awful. Sally returned to her seat, not looking at anyone, not even Bella. Paragraph 2： The next week, she told me she wanted to try again, looking up at me with determination. We headed to Sally`s classroom. The kids were sitting in a circle on the floor listening to the teacher. They turned when we arrived. We walked to the front of the quiet room. I shook Sally`s hands and stepped back. For a few seconds that seemed like hours, she stood silently, staring at her classmates. Finally she waved her hand and whispered, “This is Sally.” Then, a little louder,“ Sally, your classmate. Looking forward to making friends with you.”  / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$