第07讲（译林版选择性必修第四册）单词、短语、重点易考单词变形+词义辨析（复习讲义）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦选择性必修第四册四个单元核心词汇与阅读词汇，按考情透视、知识导图、考点突破、真题练习的逻辑架构，通过核心单词变形/拼写、阅读词汇词义/短语辨析等分层训练，结合真题案例解析，帮助学生系统构建词汇网络，突破词性转换、熟词生义等高频考点。 讲义创新采用“短文故事识记”“短语匹配辨析”等教学活动，如Unit 1通过侦探故事整合keen、scar等词汇，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设置基础到综合的分层练习及真题实战模块，确保高效突破难点，为教师精准把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

第07讲 选择性必修第四册 词汇考点 目录 2 6 7 考点一 unit 1~unit 4 核心词汇 11 知识点1 核心单词知变形 11 知识点2　核心单词知拼写 20 考点二 unit 1~unit 4 阅读词汇 25 知识点1 阅读单词知词义 25 知识点2 核心短语知辨析 28 32 一、 真题实战 32 二、 命题演练 42 单元 核心词汇 阅读词汇 Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility barely, appointment, reliable, worthwhile, suspect, arrest, innocent, legal, principle, decent, burden, resign, guilty, ashamed, forgive, pretend, mercy, deadline, fault, integrity, discouraged, reaction, gently, competent, suit, negotiate, fold, clarify, knowledgeable, empathy, sympathy, approve, preference, embarrassed, intention, correspond, behave, tolerate, recite, fluent, cooperate, cite, integrate, oppose, intervention, pure, reject, pessimistic, tendency, sincerely, slip cigar, keen, jaw, scar, eyebrow, scarfpin, diamond, collar, bless, inch, outline, wire, anyhow, criminal, geophysicist, core, socialist, ward, substantial, mineral, superb, cheat, wrap, parcel, nephew, wrinkle, pause, embrace, phase, likewise, virtue, garbage, saving, bonus, sow, harvest, stave, starfish, jade Unit 2 Understanding each other react, gentle, competent, suit, negotiate, fold, clarify, knowledgeable, empathy, sympathy, approve, preference, embarrassed, intention, correspond, behave, tolerate, recite, fluent, cooperate, cite, integrate, oppose, intervention, pure, reject, pessimistic, tendency, sincerely, slip cupboard, creature, microscope, tube, kit, orbit, administration, comprise, scan, purse, shuttle, hydrogen, rocket, mechanic, mail, feedback, obtain, enterprise, straightforward, friction, tone, gain, gesture, precisely, vocabulary, jam, somewhat, kindergarten, accent, handwriting, fence, contest Unit 3 Careers and skills salary, labour, attain, fond, prejudice, clerk, zone, hire, budget, loan, client, plug, groundwork, premier, institute, proportion, fabric, swing, label, candidate, prior, profile, criterion, shave, mode, delay, convey, seize, rainbow, madam, gear, endeavour, receipt, weekly, monthly, subjective, directory, fibre, duration, relevant, yawn, bowling, tournament accountant, architect, botany, civil, engineer, journalism, pharmacist, surgeon, veterinary, web, workshop, craft, noble, profession, qualify, retreat, sacrifice, span, welfare, adjust, broad, deliberate, dismiss, household, instant, leadership, opponent, owe, perceive, submit Unit 4 Never too old to learn bound, refresh, register, subscribe, concrete, cease, self-worth, abstract, domain, motor, drill, random, statistic, tablet, breast, curtain, dormitory, circus, essay, paragraph, laptop, sneeze, draft, polish, drawer, bounce, forehead, blank, composition, resolve, criticize, comprehension, reasoning, assumption, occupation, qualify, prospect, competence, recreation, certificate, tight, mature, reference, presentation, extension auditory, verbal, objective, inductive, swan, vocational, institution, circuit, lamp, geometry, dizzy, cafeteria, beard, carriage, kettle, librarian, confident, envelope, media, privately, professional, switch, wardrobe, wire, accompany, adopt, antique, appeal, argue, benefit, budget, conclusion, distinguish, exhibit, gallery, inspire, landscape, masterpiece, portrait, sculpture Unit 1：Honesty and responsibility 核心词汇考情： appointment：2024年全国甲卷语法填空考查词性转换——People started queuing to make an ____________ (appoint) early in the morning. 答案appointment，考查appoint→appointment的名词转换，意为“预约，约定”。此外，2023年全国卷III完形填空中考查appoint的“任命”义（He was appointed manager）；2022年全国卷I阅读中考查“约定”义（We appointed a meeting for tomorrow），属于典型的熟词生义考查方向。高考常考搭配make an appointment with sb，语法填空重点关注appointment的可数名词用法。 suspect：2020年新高考全国卷阅读理解C篇考查——he gets a taste of police methods when suspected drug dealing。此处suspect作动词，表“怀疑”，考查be suspected of (doing) sth的被动结构。高考常考suspect sb of (doing) sth“怀疑某人做某事”，以及suspect that+从句的用法。阅读中常出现在犯罪、调查类话题中，完形填空中常与doubt形成辨析（suspect强调“觉得是真的”，doubt强调“觉得不是真的”）。 arrest：2021年全国卷I完形填空考查The police arrested the thief。高考常考arrest sb for sth“因某事逮捕某人”，以及be under arrest“被逮捕”。此外，2020年新高考I卷阅读中考查熟词生义——arrest one‘s attention，表“吸引注意力”，属于典型的熟词生义考点。 ashamed：2023年全国卷III完形填空考查She was ashamed of her mistake，考查be ashamed of“对……感到羞愧”的固定搭配。2022年全国卷III阅读中考查be ashamed to do sth“耻于做某事”。语法填空中常考ashamed与shameful、shameless的辨析，以及名词shame的转换。 阅读词汇考情 criminal：2022年全国乙卷完形填空考查creature的熟词生义时，文中出现criminal behaviour。犯罪类话题阅读中高频词，常与crime（罪行）、arrest形成同一语义场，阅读中需注意criminal既可作名词“罪犯”也可作形容词“犯罪的”。 cheat：2021年新高考I卷完形填空中出现cheat，表“作弊，欺骗”。阅读中常出现在学术诚信、考试作弊等话题中，需注意cheat既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。 命题趋势： 本单元核心词汇在高考中侧重考查词性转换（appoint→appointment）和熟词生义（arrest one‘s attention）。建议重点强化appointment的可数名词用法、suspect的两种含义辨析，以及arrest/ashamed的固定搭配训练。本单元词汇多与诚信、责任话题相关，阅读中常出现在道德故事、法律案件类文本中。 Unit 2：Understanding each other 核心词汇考情： react：2022年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇中出现react to the sugar tax，表“对……作出反应”。高考常考react to sth、react against sth（反对）、react with sth（与……起化学反应）三个搭配的辨析。语法填空常考reaction（名词）和reactive（形容词）的词性转换。 approve：2026年新课标II卷完形填空考查approve的派生词——disapproving。此外，2021年全国卷I完形填空中考查The plan was approved（“批准”义），2020年全国卷I阅读中考查I don’t approve of his behavior（“赞成”义），属于一词多义的典型考点。注意approve of sth表“赞成”，approve sth表“批准”。 correspond：高考中多次考查correspond with sth表“与……相一致”以及correspond with sb表“与某人通信”。语法填空常考corresponding（形容词）的词性转换，阅读中常出现在书信、学术对比类话题中。 competent：2025年全国新高考I卷词汇分析报告指出evaluate在近五年出现48次，competent/competence常与evaluate在同一语境中出现。语法填空常考competence（名词）和competently（副词）。 阅读词汇考情： gesture：2023年新课标I卷阅读理解中考查gesture的动词用法（gesture to sb to do sth）。阅读中常出现在跨文化交际类话题中，表“手势，姿态”。语法填空中偶有考查。 accent：2021年全国甲卷阅读中出现accent，表“口音”。跨文化交际类阅读高频词，需注意accent与dialect（方言）的辨析。 enterprise：2023年全国乙卷阅读中考查enterprise，表“企业，公司”。经济类话题高频词，阅读中常与corporation、company形成同义替换。 命题趋势： 本单元词汇在高考中侧重考查一词多义（approve的“批准”与“赞成”两种用法）和词性转换（approve→approval/disapproving）。建议重点训练react to/against/with的搭配辨析，以及approve、correspond的常见句型。本单元词汇多与跨文化交际、人际沟通话题相关，阅读中常出现在文化交流类文本中。 Unit 3：Careers and skills 核心词汇考情： candidate：2025年全国新高考I卷真题词汇分析报告中，candidate被列为出现9次的高频词。2023年真题例句为The study tracked 500 college candidates to analyze the impact of sleep quality on exam performance，此处candidate表“考生，参与者”。高考中既可指“候选人”也可指“考生”，阅读中常出现在选举、招聘、考试类话题中。 salary：2024年北京卷阅读理解中出现She earns a basic and tax-free salary，表“薪金”。高考中常考查salary（薪金，脑力劳动者）与wage（工资，体力劳动者）的辨析。阅读中常出现在职业选择、工作待遇类话题中，需注意salary通常指年薪或月薪。 endeavour：2025年全国卷词汇考查中，endeavour作为高频词出现，真题例句为After 36 years of unsuccessfully endeavoring to win the trophy, Argentina finally became the champion。此处endeavour作动词，表“努力，尽力”，阅读中常与attempt、strive形成同义替换。 qualify：高考中多次考查qualify for sth（有资格参加）、qualify as sth（取得……资格）。语法填空常考qualification（名词，常以复数形式qualifications出现）和qualified（形容词）的词性转换。阅读中常出现在招聘、教育类话题中。 budget：2025年新课标II卷阅读理解D篇考查与节能环保和可持续发展相关的话题，budget常在类似语境中出现。阅读中常出现在经济、管理类话题中，需注意budget既可作名词“预算”也可作动词“编制预算”。 阅读词汇考情： clerk：2022年全国乙卷阅读理解中出现clerk，表“职员”。职业类话题常见词，需注意与secretary（秘书）的辨析。 mode：2025年全国新高考I卷词汇分析中mode作为高频词出现。阅读中常出现在科技、生活方式类话题中，表“方式，模式”。 proportion：2023年新课标I卷阅读中出现proportion，表“比例”。数据类阅读高频词，常与percentage、ratio形成同义替换。 命题趋势： 本单元词汇在高考中侧重考查近义词辨析（salary vs wage；clerk vs secretary）和固定搭配（qualify for/as；endeavour to do）。建议重点强化candidate、salary、budget在职业类话题中的用法训练，以及qualify的词性转换（qualification/qualified）。本单元词汇与职业规划、职场技能话题紧密相关，阅读中常出现在招聘广告、职业分析类文本中。 Unit 4：Never too old to learn 核心词汇考情： bound：2021年新高考I卷阅读理解中考查be bound to do sth表“一定会做某事”，真题例句为Wherever you choose to travel, you are bound to experience the traditional Chinese culture。高考常考be bound to do sth、be bound for+地点（开往某地）两个核心搭配。阅读中常出现在旅行、预测类话题中。 register：2021年完形填空中考查You need to register an account before you can use this social media platform，表“注册”。近5年出现5次，属于高频词。语法填空常考registration（名词）的词性转换。常见搭配：register an account、register for a course、register one‘s information。 refresh：2024年新高考I卷读后续写参考答案中出现The entire experience was incredibly refreshing，表“令人耳目一新的”。语法填空常考refreshed（感到精神振作的）与refreshing（令人清爽的）的-ed/-ing形容词辨析。常见搭配：refresh oneself、refresh one’s memory。 abstract：2026年高考英语阅读+完形高频难词清单中，abstract被列为阅读高频难词，词性转换为abstraction（名词）和abstractly（副词）。语法填空常考abstract→abstraction的词性转换。常见搭配：abstract concept、abstract art。 assume：2025年浙江卷1月高考真题中考查assume，真题例句涉及participants would still assign a gender to it——they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she”。语法填空常考assumption（名词）的词性转换。常见搭配：assume that...、it is assumed that...。 阅读词汇考情： statistic：2023年全国卷阅读理解中出现statistic，表“统计数字”。数据类阅读高频词，常与data、figure形成同义替换。 draft：2022年全国卷书面表达相关材料中出现draft，表“草稿”。写作类话题常见词，需注意draft既可作名词也可作动词。 polish：2021年全国甲卷阅读中出现polish，表“润饰，修改”。写作类话题高频词，阅读中常出现在学术写作、编辑修改类文本中。 命题趋势： 本单元词汇在高考中侧重考查固定搭配（be bound to do、register an account、refresh one‘s memory）和词性转换（assume→assumption、refresh→refreshing/refreshed）。建议重点强化bound的两种句型辨析（be bound to do vs be bound for），以及refresh的-ed/-ing形容词辨析训练。本单元词汇与终身学习、自我提升话题紧密相关，阅读中常出现在教育类、成长类文本中。 考点一 unit 1-unit 4 核心词汇 知识点1 核心单词知变形 【高考导航】 1. (2024·新课标I卷·阅读理解A) Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed, and groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. 18岁以下的志愿者必须让家长或监护人签署批准栏，五人及以上的团体需要特殊安排并必须提前确认。 2. (2025·全国一卷·语法填空) A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture of respect for the other side. 一位得体的赢家总是试图以不超过一两分的优势击败对手，以示对对方的尊重。 3. (2020·全国I卷·完形填空) Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The reason is obvious. If we admit it is a door, they’ll want to go outside constantly. 自从我们的双胞胎开始学走路以来，我和妻子一直告诉他们我们的滑动玻璃门只是一扇窗户。原因很明显。如果我们承认它是门，他们就会不停地想出去。 4. (2020·全国I卷·阅读理解) Returning to a book you‘ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don‘t change, people do. 重新翻开一本你读过很多遍的书，感觉就像和老朋友喝酒。有一种令人愉悦的熟悉感——但有时也会有一丝怀疑，觉得时间已经改变了你们俩，也因此改变了你们的关系。但书不会变，人会变。  5. (2024·新课标I卷·阅读理解A) Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. 栖息地恢复团队的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊与山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。 6. (2024·新课标I卷·阅读理解C) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. 印刷阅读的优势在实验者从简单任务（如识别阅读段落的主旨）转向需要抽象思维的任务（如从文本中推断）时尤为明显。 7. (2024·北京卷·七选五) Evaluating Sources of Health Information. Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. 评估健康信息来源。对自己的健康做出明智选择需要合理的评估。提高评估能力的关键第一步是仔细审视你的健康信息来源。 8. (2024·新课标I卷·阅读理解C) However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn‘t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 然而，在需要精神专注和反思以最大化学习效果时，教育者不应该假定所有媒体都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的文字。 Unit 1 1.barely adv.刚好;仅仅,勉强可能;几乎不;刚才→bare adj.光秃秃的;裸露的→bareness n.裸露 2.appointment n.约定,约会;任命,委任;职务→appoint v.任命;指定;约定→appointed adj.指定的;被委派的 3.reliable adj.可信赖的,可依靠的;真实可信的,可靠的→rely v.依靠→reliability n.可靠性→reliably adv.可靠地 4.bless vt.(表示惊奇);祝福→blessing n.祝福;祷告→blessed adj.愉快安宁的;无忧无虑的 5.criminal n.罪犯 adj.犯法的,犯罪的;刑事的;不道德的→crime n.罪行;犯罪活动 6.innocent adj.无辜的,清白的,无罪的;天真无邪的,纯真的n.无辜者,单纯的人→innocence n.清白;天真无邪 7.legal adj.合法的;法律的→legally adv.合法地;法律上地→legalize vt.使合法化→[反义词] illegal adj.非法的 8.socialist adj.社会主义的 n.社会主义者→socialism n.社会主义→social adj.社会的→society n.社会;社团;学会 9.photographer n.摄影师,拍照者→photography n.摄影;摄影术 10.guilty adj.感到内疚的,感到惭愧的;有罪的,有过失的→guilt n.犯罪;过失→guiltless adj.无罪的 11.ashamed adj.惭愧,羞愧,尴尬→shame n.羞耻vt.使丢脸→shameful adj.可耻的;丢脸的→shameless adj.无耻的 12.disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的→disappoint v.使失望→disappointment n.失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的 13.mercy n.仁慈,宽恕→merciful adj.仁慈的;宽容的→merciless adj.残忍的 14.guidance n.指导;导航→guide n.指南;向导 vt.引导;带领 15.organic adj.有机的,统一的;绿色的,不使用化肥的;生物的→organism n.有机体;生物 16.discouraged adj.灰心的→discourage vt.阻止;使气馁→discouraging adj.令人泄气的→discouragement n.气馁;挫折;劝阻 速效练笔 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The walls were completely ________________ (bare), and he ________________ (bare) had time to decorate them; the ________________ (bare) of the room made it feel cold. 2. They ________________ (appoint) her as manager last week, and her ________________ (appoint) was announced; at the ________________ (appoint) time, she took office. 3. He is a ________________ (rely) friend, so you can ________________ (rely) on him; his ________________ (rely) has been tested, and he always acts ________________ (rely). 4. We ________________ (bless) with good health; it is a great ________________ (bless) to live such a ________________ (bless) life. 5. The ________________ (crime) was found ________________ (guilt) of the ________________ (crime), but he insisted on his ________________ (innocent); his ________________ (guilt) was obvious, though he never admitted it, and he even claimed to be ________________ (guiltless). 6. The action was ________________ (legal), so the company was ________________ (legal) required to stop it; they tried to ________________ (legal) the practice, but it remained ________________ (legal). 7. The ________________ (photograph) took pictures of a ________________ (social) society, and his ________________ (photograph) reflects ________________ (social) issues; he is a ________________ (social) who believes in ________________ (social), and he hopes to serve ________________ (social). 8. He felt ________________ (ashamed) of his ________________ (shameful) behavior, and his ________________ (shameless) attitude showed no ________________ (shame). 9. The result ________________ (disappoint) us; it was a ________________ (disappoint) ending, and we were deeply ________________ (disappoint), which was a great ________________ (disappoint). Don't be ________________ (discourage) by the ________________ (discourage) news; it may cause ________________ (discourage), but don't let it ________________ (discourage) you. 10. Under the ________________ (guide) of a ________________ (mercy) teacher, the students followed the ________________ (guide) and studied ________________ (organism) in the ________________ (organic) soil; the teacher was ________________ (mercy) to them, but ________________ (mercy) to laziness. 【答案】1.bare; barely; bareness 2.appointed; appointment; appointed 3.reliable; rely; reliability; reliably 4.are blessed; blessing; blessed 5.criminal; guilty; crime; innocence; guilt; guiltless 6.illegal; legally; legalize; illegal 7.photographer; socialist; photography; social; socialist; socialism; society 8.ashamed; shameful; shameless; shame 9.disappointed; disappointing; disappointed; disappointment; discouraged; discouraging; discouragement; discourage 10.guidance; merciful; guide; organisms; organic; merciful; merciless Unit 2 1.react vi.(对…)作出反应;有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应→reaction n.反应→reactive adj.反应的;活性的 2.gentle adj.温柔的;温和的;柔和的→gentleness n.温顺→gently adv.温柔地 3.competent adj.足以胜任的,有能力的,称职的→compete v.竞争;争夺→competence n.能力,胜任→competition n.比赛;竞赛→competitive adj.竞争的;有竞争力的 4.suit vt.满足需要;相配,合身 n.套装,西装,西服→suitable adj.合适的 5.negotiate vi.& vt.谈判;商定,达成(协议)→negotiation n.谈判,磋商→negotiable adj.可协商的 6.fold vt.折叠,对折;包,裹 n.褶,褶层,折叠部分→folder n.文件夹→folded adj.折叠的→[反义词] unfold v.(使)展开;(使)逐渐展现 7.clarify vt.使更清晰易懂,阐明→clarity n.清晰,清楚→clarified adj.澄清的;透明的 8.knowledgeable adj.博学的,有见识的→knowledge n.知识,学问;了解,知道 9.empathy n.同感,共鸣,同情→empathize vi.有同感,产生共鸣→empathetic adj.有同感的 10.sympathy n.同情;赞同→sympathize v.同情→sympathetic adj.同情的 11.approve vi.& vt.赞成;批准,通过(计划、要求等)→approval n.批准→approved adj.得到正式认可的 12.preference n.偏爱;偏爱的事物→prefer v.更喜爱;宁愿→preferred/preferable adj.更合意的,更好的 13.embarrassed adj.窘迫的,尴尬的;拮据的→embarrass v.使尴尬,使为难→embarrassment n.尴尬;使人难堪的人(或事)→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的 14.intention n.意图,计划→intend v.打算,想要→intended adj.预期的,打算的 15.correspond vi.类似于;相一致,符合;通信→corresponding adj.相应的 16.behave vi.& vt.表现得体,有礼貌;表现→behavior n.行为;举止→well-behaved adj.行为端正的;彬彬有礼的 17.tolerate vt.容许,允许;忍受,容忍;能经受→tolerant adj.宽容的→tolerance n.宽容,容忍 18.recite vt.吟诵;列举→recitation n.背诵;朗诵;逐一列举 19.fluent adj.(尤指外语)流利的,熟练的→fluency n.流利;娴熟→fluently adv.流利地;通畅地 20.cooperate vi.合作,协作;协助,配合→cooperation n.合作;协助→cooperative adj.合作的;协作的 21.cite vt.提及,列举;引用,引述→citation n.引文;引证 22.integrate vt.& vi.(使)合并;(使)加入→integration n.结合;融合→integrity n.诚实正直;完整,完好 23.oppose vt.反对,抵制;与…对垒→opposition n.反对,反抗;对手→opposed adj.相反的;敌对的→opposite adj.相反的;对面的 24.intervention n.干涉行为,干预→intervene v.干预,干涉;阻挠 25.pure adj.纯净的;完全的→purity n.洁净,纯净→purify v.净化 26.reject vt.拒绝接受,不予考虑;不录用;排斥,排异→rejection n.嫌弃;拒绝→rejective adj.拒绝的,排斥的 27.pessimistic adj.悲观的,悲观主义的→pessimism n.悲观情绪;悲观主义→pessimist n.悲观主义者 28.tendency n.趋势,趋向;倾向,偏好→tend v.倾向于;照顾 29.sincerely adv.真诚地,诚实地→sincere adj.真诚的→sincerity n.真诚;真挚 30.slip vi.滑倒;滑落;溜;陷入 n.差错;纸条;滑跤→slippery adj.湿滑的;不可靠的→slipper n.拖鞋 速效练笔 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. When exposed to certain chemicals, some people may ____________ (react) badly, and their skin can become highly ____________ (react); the nurse therefore spoke to them ____________ (gentle) and with unexpected ____________ (gentle). 2. To remain ____________ (compete) in the job market, graduates must demonstrate professional ____________ (compete) and ____________ (compete) with others; only the most ____________ (compete) candidates survive the fierce ____________ (compete), so a dark formal ____________ (suit) may not ____________ (suit) every interviewer, and choosing a ____________ (suit) outfit matters. 3. The two companies are ____________ (negotiate) a new contract; the ____________ (negotiate) may be long, but the price is still ____________ (negotiate). Meanwhile, she ____________ (fold) the agreement and put it in a ____________ (fold); when she ____________ (fold) it later, the ____________ (fold) paper was still neat. 4. The teacher ____________ (clarify) the confusing rule to improve students’ ____________ (clarify); her ____________ (clarify) explanation showed that she was not only ____________ (knowledge) but also skilled at sharing ____________ (knowledge). 5. Good doctors are not only ____________ (empathy) but also ____________ (sympathy); they ____________ (empathy) with patients, show genuine ____________ (empathy), and ____________ (sympathy) with their families, expressing sincere ____________ (sympathy). 6. The committee ____________ (approve) the plan last week, but final ____________ (approve) is still required; only ____________ (approve) projects can receive funds. As for me, I ____________ (preference) the second plan, though my ____________ (preference) may not be ____________ (prefer) to everyone. 7. His ____________ (embarrass) question ____________ (embarrass) me, and my ____________ (embarrass) was obvious; I felt deeply ____________ (embarrass). I had no ____________ (intention) of hurting him, for I only ____________ (intention) to ask a simple question, and the ____________ (intention) meaning was quite different. 8. His account of the event ____________ (correspond) with the facts, and the ____________ (correspond) evidence supports it. The children ____________ (behave) well throughout the visit, and their ____________ (behave) was praised; they were indeed ____________ (behave) pupils. 9. A good teacher must ____________ (tolerate) different opinions and remain ____________ (tolerate) of slower learners; such ____________ (tolerate) creates a safe classroom. In class, students were asked to ____________ (recite) the poem, and their ____________ (recite) impressed everyone. 10. She speaks English ____________ (fluent), and her ____________ (fluent) in the language is impressive; she is also a ____________ (fluent) speaker. If we ____________ (cooperate) with one another, our ____________ (cooperate) will be more effective, and the team will become more ____________ (cooperate). 11. In your essay, you should ____________ (cite) reliable sources, and each ____________ (cite) must be properly formatted. Schools should help students ____________ (integrate) knowledge from different subjects; such ____________ (integrate) is valuable, and it also develops academic ____________ (integrity). 12. Many local residents ____________ (oppose) the new factory, and their ____________ (oppose) has delayed the project; those who are ____________ (oppose) to it live on the ____________ (oppose) side of the river. The government’s ____________ (intervene) was necessary, but critics said it should not ____________ (intervention) in private business. 13. This mountain spring is famous for its ____________ (pure) water, and scientists test its ____________ (pure) regularly; they use special filters to ____________ (pure) it. His application was ____________ (reject) because he lacked experience, and the ____________ (reject) hurt him, but he remained open-minded rather than ____________ (reject) of criticism. 14. He is such a ____________ (pessimism) that he always expects the worst; his ____________ (pessimistic) has influenced the team, and his remarks sound ____________ (pessimism). There is a growing ____________ (tend) among young people to work remotely, and they ____________ (tendency) to value freedom more than high pay. 15. I ____________ (sincere) hope you will accept my apology; please believe in my ____________ (sincere), for my ____________ (sincere) regret is genuine. Be careful not to ____________ (slip) on the wet floor, which becomes extremely ____________ (slip) after rain; I almost lost one of my ____________ (slip) there. 【答案】1.react; reactive; gently; gentleness 2.competitive; competence; compete; competitive; competition; suit; suit; suitable 3.negotiating; negotiation; negotiable; folded; folder; unfolded; folded 4.clarified; clarity; clarified; knowledgeable; knowledge 5.empathetic; sympathetic; empathize; empathy; sympathize; sympathy 6.approved; approval; approved; prefer; preference; preferable 7.embarrassing; embarrassed; embarrassment; embarrassed; intention; intended; intended 8.corresponds; corresponding; behaved; behavior; well-behaved 9.tolerate; tolerant; tolerance; recite; recitation 10.fluently; fluency; fluent; cooperate; cooperation; cooperative 11.cite; citation; integrate; integration; integrity 12.oppose; opposition; opposed; opposite; intervention; intervene 13.pure; purity; purify; rejected; rejection; rejective 14.pessimist; pessimism; pessimistic; tendency; tend 15.sincerely; sincerity; sincere; slip; slippery; slippers Unit 3 1.passion n.酷爱;强烈情感→passionate adj.热情的→passionately adv.热情地;激动地 2.anticipate vt.预料;预计→anticipated adj.预期的→anticipation n.期待;预期 3.superior adj.更好的,占优势的 n.级别(或地位、职位)更高的人→superiority n.优越,优势 4.lawyer n.律师→law n.法律;规律→lawful adj.合法的 5.servant n.雇员,职员;仆人→serve v.为…服务→service n.服务→server n.服务器 6.consultant n.顾问;会诊医师→consult v.咨询;请教→consultation n.商讨,磋商 7.receptionist n.接待员→reception n.接待;接收→receptive adj.(对观点、建议等)愿意倾听的,乐于接受的 8.respective adj.分别的,各自的→respectively adv.分别地→respect n.方面,着眼点 9.operate vt.操作,使运行 vi.运转,工作;经营,营业→operation n.操作;手术→operator n.操作员 10.leadership n.领导应有的品质;领导地位→lead v.领导→leader n.领导人→leading adj.领先的 11.commercial adj.商业的,贸易的;盈利的;商业性的→commerce n.商业→commercially adv.商业上地→commercialize v.使商业化→commercialized adj.商业化的 12.detective n.侦探,警探→detect v.察觉;检测→detection n.发现;侦破(案件) 13.qualification n.资格,资历;学历;合格,达到标准→qualify v.取得资格(或学历)→qualified adj.合格的 14.applicant n.申请人→apply v.申请;应用→application n.申请;应用 15.concisely adv.简明地,简练地,简洁地→concise adj.简洁的 16.refreshed adj.恢复了精力的,精神振作的→refresh v.使恢复精神→refreshment n.恢复活力 17.rude adj.粗鲁的,无礼的,粗野的→rudeness n.粗鲁→rudely adv.无礼地;粗鲁地 18.justify vt.对…作出解释,为…辩解;证明…正确→just adj.公正的,合理的→justice n.公平;正义→justified adj.有正当理由的→justification n.正当理由,合理解释 19.infer vt.推断,推论,推理→inference n.推理;推论→inferential adj.推理的;推论的 20.firm adj.强有力的,坚决的;坚固的;坚定的;牢固的 n.商行,公司→firmness n.坚定;坚固→firmly adv.坚定地 21.genuine adj.真诚的,可信赖的;真的,名副其实的→genuineness n.真诚→genuinely adv.真诚地 22.corporate adj.公司的;全体的,共同的→corporation n.公司;法人(团体) 23.temporary adj.临时的,短暂的→temporarily adv.临时地→[反义词]permanent adj.永久的 速效练笔 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. After a good rest, she felt ________________ (refresh) and full of ________________ (passion); she spoke ________________ (passionate) about her work, and her ________________ (passion) speech moved everyone; some light ________________ (refresh) was served. 2. We ________________ (anticipate) the ________________ (superior) of their product, but the ________________ (anticipate) price was higher than expected; everyone waited in great ________________ (anticipate), yet their service is ________________ (superior) to ours. 3. The ________________ (law) argued that his client had broken no ________________ (law), and the action was ________________ (law); however, the judge demanded a ________________ (just) for it, and although the decision seemed ________________ (just), it was not ________________ (justify). 4. The ________________ (serve) in the hotel was poor because one ________________ (serve) was ________________ (rude) to guests and spoke ________________ (rude) to them; his ________________ (rude) shocked everyone, and even the computer ________________ (serve) failed. 5. After ________________ (consult) a famous ________________ (consult), the ________________ (reception) arranged a ________________ (consult) with the manager; she was very ________________ (reception) to our suggestions, and the ________________ (reception) area was clean. 6. Their ________________ (respect) duties are different; they ________________ (operate) the machines ________________ (respect), and in this ________________ (respect), a skilled ________________ (operate) is essential; the whole ________________ (operate) went smoothly. 7. Under the ________________ (lead) of a strong ________________ (lead), the ________________ (corporation) changed its ________________ (corporate) culture and became a ________________ (lead) company; a good leader must ________________ (lead) by example. 8. The world of ________________ (commerce) depends on ________________ (commerce) activities; the center is a ________________ (commerce) success and is ________________ (commerce) managed, but some say the festival has been ________________ (commerce). 9. The manager ________________ (firm) believed that ________________ (firm) was necessary, and he spoke ________________ (firm) to his partners; as a ________________ (firm), the company stood ________________ (firm) in the market. 10. The ________________ (detect) ________________ (detect) a hidden clue and made an ________________ (infer) from it; his ________________ (infer) reasoning led to the ________________ (detect) of the criminal. 11. The ________________ (apply) met all the ________________ (qualify) requirements and was highly ________________ (qualify); he submitted his ________________ (apply) online and hoped to ________________ (qualify) for the post. 12. This is only a ________________ (temporary) solution; it will work ________________ (temporary), but we need a ________________ (permanent) one. 13. Her ________________ (genuine) smile showed her ________________ (genuine), and she was ________________ (genuine) grateful for our help. 14. He gave a ________________ (concise) report and spoke ________________ (concise); his ________________ (concise) style was appreciated by everyone. 15. The two winners received their prizes ________________ (respect), and they were treated with great ________________ (respect) in every ________________ (respect). 【答案】1.refreshed; passion; passionately; passionate; refreshment 2.anticipated; superiority; anticipated; anticipation; superior 3.lawyer; law; lawful; justification; just; justified 4.service; servant; rude; rudely; rudeness; server 5.consulting; consultant; receptionist; consultation; receptive; reception 6.respective; operate; respectively; respect; operator; operation 7.leadership; leader; corporation; corporate; leading; lead 8.commerce; commercial; commercial; commercially; commercialized 9.firmly; firmness; firmly; firm; firm 10.detective; detected; inference; inferential; detection 11.applicant; qualification; qualified; application; qualify 12.temporary; temporarily; permanent 13.genuine; genuineness; genuinely 14.concise; concisely; concise 15.respectively; respect; respect 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Unit 4 1.composition n.构图;构成,成分;作品;作曲艺术→compose v.构成;撰写→composer n.作曲家 2.educator n.教育家;教育工作者→educate v.教育;教导→education n.教育→educational adj.有教育意义的→educated adj.受过教育的 3.Confucius n.孔子→Confucian adj.孔子学说的;儒家的→Confucianism n.儒家思想 4.resolve vt.& vi.解决;表决;决心,决定 n.决心,坚定的信念→resolution n.决心→resolutely adv.坚决地 5.criticize vt.& vi.批评,批判,挑剔,指责;评价→criticism n.批评→critic n.批评家→critical adj.批判的;关键的 6.inquire vi.& vt.询问,打听→inquiry n.探究;调查→inquiring adj.询问的,爱追究的 7.comprehension n.理解力,领悟能力;理解练习→comprehensive adj.综合性的;有理解力的 8.reasoning n.推理,理性的观点,论证→reason v.推理→reasonable adj.合理的→reasonably adv.合理地→reasonless adj.不合理的;无推理能力的 9.assumption n.假定,假设→assume v.假设→assumed adj.假定的→assuming conj.假设…为真 10.occupation n.工作,职业;消遣;侵占,占领期;使用→occupy v.占领→occupied adj.已占用的→occupant n.占用者;居住者→occupancy n.居住;占用→occupational adj.职业的 11.qualify vt.使合格,使具备资格 vi.取得资格(或学历),合格→qualified adj.合格的→qualification n.资格 12.prospect n.成功的机会,前景;可能性→prospective adj.未来的;预期的 13.competence n.能力,胜任→competent adj.有能力的→competently adv.胜任地;适合地 14.recreation n.娱乐,消遣→recreate v.娱乐;消遣→recreational adj.娱乐的;消遣的 15.certificate n.文凭,结业证书;证明,证明书→certify v.证明,证实→certified adj.被证明的→certification n.证明 16.tight adv.紧紧地,牢固地 adj.牢固的;严格的;密集的;亲密的→tighten v.变紧;绷紧→tightly adv.紧紧地;坚固地→tightness n.紧密,坚固 17.mature adj.明白事理的,成熟的 vi.成熟,长成;有判断力→maturity n.成熟→[反义词] immature adj.不成熟的 18.reference n.参考;提到;推荐信vt.查阅,参考→refer v.参考;涉及;提到→referable adj.可参考的 19.presentation n.幻灯片演示;提交,授予;展示会;演出→present v.赠送;呈现→presenter n.节目主持人;演讲人 20.extension n.(为非全日制学生开设的)进修部,进修课;扩大,延伸→extend v.延伸→extensive adj.广泛的;大量的→extended adj.延长了的;扩展了的 速效练笔 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The young ________________ (compose) spent months on the ________________ (compose) of his new work, which was ________________ (compose) of four movements; as an ________________ (educate), he believes that ________________ (educate) should ________________ (educate) children to become ________________ (educate) citizens, and the documentary is highly ________________ (education). 2. ________________ (Confucius) is a great thinker, and his ________________ (Confucian) ideas are central to ________________ (Confucianism); the committee ________________ (resolve) the problem after a long debate, and their ________________ (resolve) was firm, so they acted ________________ (resolutely). 3. Parents often ________________ (criticize) their children, but unfair ________________ (criticize) can hurt; a good ________________ (critic) should be ________________ (critical) rather than cruel. He ________________ (inquire) about the job, and his ________________ (inquire) was answered politely; the ________________ (inquire) look on his face showed he wanted details. 4. The ________________ (comprehensive) survey covers many topics, and it tests readers’ ________________ (comprehension); he ________________ (reason) carefully before making a decision, and his ________________ (reason) was sound, so his conclusion was ________________ (reason) and explained ________________ (reason), unlike the opponent’s ________________ (reason) claim. 5. The ________________ (assume) that he was guilty proved false; we should not ________________ (assume) things without evidence, and the ________________ (assume) result was misleading. ________________ (assume) that he is honest, we lent him money. Her ________________ (occupy) as a doctor is demanding; she ________________ (occupy) herself with patients all day, and every room is ________________ (occupy); the ________________ (occupy) of the building must pay rent, and its ________________ (occupy) rate is high; she also suffers from ________________ (occupy) stress. 6. To ________________ (qualify) as a teacher, one must meet certain ________________ (qualify), and only ________________ (qualify) candidates will be hired; the ________________ (prospect) of promotion attracts many ________________ (prospect) applicants. She is a ________________ (competence) manager and handles problems ________________ (competence); her ________________ (competence) is widely recognized. 7. For ________________ (recreation), they often ________________ (recreate) outdoors; the park offers many ________________ (recreation) facilities. He is very ________________ (mature) for his age, but his brother is quite ________________ (mature); the experience helped him ________________ (mature) quickly, and he will reach full ________________ (mature) soon. 8. The lid was ________________ (tight) fixed, so he ________________ (tight) it ________________ (tight); the ________________ (tight) of the seal prevented air from entering. The ________________ (certify) was ________________ (certify) by the board, and her ________________ (certify) was officially recognized; she received a ________________ (certify) document. 9. The writer made a ________________ (reference) to a study, and readers can ________________ (refer) to the bibliography; the details are ________________ (refer) to the appendix. The ________________ (present) gave a clear ________________ (present), and he ________________ (present) his ideas confidently; the ________________ (present) was well received. 10. The university’s ________________ (extend) program offers ________________ (extend) courses; it plans to ________________ (extend) its campus, and the project has received ________________ (extend) support. The young ________________ (compose) spent months on the ________________ (compose) of his new work, which was ________________ (compose) of four movements. 【答案】1.composer; composition; composed; educator; education; educate; educated; educational 2.Confucius; Confucian; Confucianism; resolved; resolution; resolutely 3.criticize; criticism; critic; critical; inquired; inquiry; inquiring 4.comprehensive; comprehension; reasoned; reasoning; reasonable; reasonably; reasonless 5.assumption; assume; assumed; Assuming; occupation; occupies; occupied; occupant; occupancy; occupational 6.qualify; qualifications; qualified; prospect; prospective; competent; competently; competence 7.recreation; recreate; recreational; mature; immature; mature; maturity 8.tightly; tightened; tight; tightness; certificate; certified; certification; certified 9.reference; refer; referable; presenter; presentation; presented; presentation 10.extension; extended; extend; extensive; composer; composition; composed 11.qualify; qualifications; qualified; prospect; prospective 12.competent; competently; competence; mature; immature; mature; maturity 13.recreation; recreate; recreational; tightly; tightened; tight; tightness 14.certificate; certified; certification; certified; reference; refer; referable 15.presenter; presentation; presented; presentation; extension; extended; extend; extensive 知识点2　核心单词知拼写 Unit 1 1.keen　 adj.灵敏的,敏锐的;渴望,热切,热衷于 2.scar n.伤疤;(精神上的)创伤;污点 3.worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等),重要的,令人愉快的 4.inch n.英寸;少量,短距离 5.outline vt.概述,略述n.概述;轮廓线,略图 6.suspect vt.& vi.疑有,觉得n.嫌疑犯,可疑对象 7.arrest n.& vt.逮捕,拘捕 8.wire vt.给(某人)打电报;接通(电源)n.金属丝;电线;铁丝网 9.anyhow adv.不过,总之;尽管;而且;随便地 10.principle n.道德原则;法则;信条 11.decent adj.正派的,合乎礼节的;得体的,适当的 12.burden n.(义务、责任等的)重担,负担 13.core adj.核心的;最重要的n.核心,最重要的部分 14.resign vt.& vi.辞职,辞去 15.ward n.病房 16.substantial adj.大量的,价值巨大的;结实的,牢固的 17.mineral n.矿物,矿物质 18.superb adj.极佳的,卓越的,质量极高的 19.forgive vt.& vi.(forgave,forgiven)原谅,宽恕;免除(债务) 20.cheat vt.欺骗,蒙骗 vi.作弊,舞弊 21.wrap vt.包,裹;用…缠绕n.披肩,围巾;包裹材料 22.parcel n.包裹,小包;一块地vt.裹好,打包 23.nephew n.侄子,外甥 24.wrinkle n.皱纹;褶皱,皱痕vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹,皱起 25.pause vi.停顿,暂停n.停顿,停顿的时间 26.pretend vi.& vt.假装;装扮,扮作;自诩,自认为 27.embrace vt.& vi.欣然接受;包含;拥抱 28.phase n.阶段,时期 29.likewise adv.同样地;也,而且 30.deadline n.最后期限,截止日期 31.fault n.过错,责任;弱点,缺点 32.virtue n.美德;正直的品性;优点 33.integrity n.诚实正直;完整,完好 34.garbage n.垃圾;废话 35.saving n.节省物,节省;储蓄金 36.bonus n.意外收获;奖金,红利 37.sow vt.& vi.(sowed,sown)播种,种 38.harvest n.收成,收获量;收获季节,收割vt.& vi.收割,捕猎 短文故事识记 我从小就____________（渴望）成为一名侦探。一场火灾在我手臂上留下____________（伤疤），但我觉得查明真相是____________（值得的）。每次办案，我都会先____________（概述）现场，仔细检查每一____________（英寸）土地，并____________（怀疑）那个拥有____________（大量的）财产的商人。警方决定____________（逮捕）他，因为在他的____________（包裹）里发现了一根____________（电线）。____________（不过），他____________（假装）无辜，____________（拥抱）妻子后____________（停顿）片刻，说他宁愿____________（辞职）也不违背自己的道德____________（原则）。他住在医院____________（病房），由一位____________（正派的）护士照顾。护士认为他的____________（核心）问题是贪婪，这成了家庭的____________（负担）。他试图走私____________（矿物），（作弊）获取（奖金）。他打算春天____________（播种），秋天____________（收割）。他的____________（侄子）帮他____________（包，裹）礼物，包装纸布满____________（皱纹）。他请求____________（原谅），但____________（同样地），法律不会宽恕。他的____________（过错）是缺乏____________（正直）。在____________（截止日期）前，他只能清理____________（垃圾）。他的____________（储蓄）和____________（美德）都不能救他。这个____________（阶段）让我明白，____________（极佳的）人生需要诚实。 【答案】1.keen 2.scar 3.worthwhile 4.outline 5.inch 6.suspect 7.substantial 8.arrest 9.parcel 10.wire 11.anyhow 12.pretend 13.embrace 14.pause 15.resign 16.principle 17.ward 18.decent 19.core 20.burden 21.mineral 22.cheat 23.bonus 24.sow 25.harvest 26.nephew 27.wrap 28.wrinkle 29.forgive 30.likewise 31.fault 32.integrity 33.deadline 34.garbage 35.saving 36.virtue 37.phase 38.superb Unit 2 1.mail　 n.电子邮件;邮政;邮件 2.feedback n.反馈的意见(或信息) 3.obtain vt.获得,赢得 4.enterprise n.公司,企业;规划,事业 5.straightforward adj.坦诚的;简单的 6.friction n.争执;摩擦;摩擦力 7.tone n.语气,腔调;风格,特色 8.gain vt.& vi.获得;增进,增长;(从…中)受益n.好处,利益 9.gesture n.手势,姿势;姿态,表示vi.& vt.做手势,用手势表示 10.precisely adv.准确地,恰好地;细心地;正是,确实 11.vocabulary n.词汇,词汇量 12.jam n.果酱;拥挤,堵塞 13.somewhat adv.有点,有几分,稍微 14.kindergarten n.学前班;幼儿园 15.accent n.口音,腔调;重音;着重点,强调 16.handwriting n.手写,书写;笔迹,书法 17.fence n.栅栏,篱笆 18.contest n.比赛,竞赛;争夺,竞争vt.争取赢得;争辩,就…提出异议 短文故事识记 我在一家小型____________（公司，企业）担任英语培训师，也在____________（幼儿园）兼职。今天早上，我打开____________（电子邮件），收到一封家长____________（反馈意见）。信中的____________（语气）很____________（坦诚的；简单的），说孩子们在____________（词汇）和____________（手写）上有进步，但课间有些____________（争执；摩擦）。家长用____________（手势）表示，希望我们____________（获得）更多资源。恰好，我们____________（准确地）赢得了一个教学____________（比赛），这让我们____________（获得；受益）了信心。虽然奖金____________（有点）少，但我们用它在____________（栅栏）旁布置了新教室，还准备了一些____________（果酱）给孩子们。为了避免门口拥挤，我们调整了时间。通过这次经历，我明白，标准的____________（口音）不是最重要的，真诚沟通才是关键。 【答案】1.enterprise 2.kindergarten 3.mail 4.feedback 5.tone 6.straightforward 7.vocabulary 8.handwriting 9.friction 10.gesture 11.obtain 12.precisely 13.contest 14.gain 15.somewhat 16.fence 17.jam 18.accent Unit 3 1.salary　 n.薪金,薪水 2.labour n.劳工;劳动,(尤指)体力劳动;分娩期,分娩vi.努力做;干苦力活 3.attain vt.获得;达到 4.fond adj.喜爱 5.prejudice n.偏见,成见 6.clerk n.职员,簿记员,文书 7.zone n.地区;区域 8.hire vt.& vi.聘用,雇用;租用n.新雇员;租借 9.budget n.预算 10.loan n.贷款,借款;借出vt.借出,贷与(尤指钱) 11.client n.客户,委托人 12.plug vt.补足,供给;堵塞,封堵n.插头;插座 13.groundwork n.基础工作,准备工作 14.premier adj.最著名的,最成功的,第一的n.首相,总理 15.institute n.机构,机构建筑vt.建立,制定(体系、政策等) 16.proportion n.正确的比例;部分,份额;比例;体积,面积 17.fabric n.织物,布料 18.swing vi.& vt.(swung,swung)(使)改变;(使)摆动,摇摆n.改变;摆动;秋千 19.label n.标签;(不恰当的)称谓vt.贴标签于;(尤指不公正地)把…称为 20.candidate n.候选人;应试者;被认定适合者 21.prior adj.在前的;优先的,占先的 22.profile n.概述;形象;侧面轮廓vt.概述,写简介 23.criterion n.(pl.criteria) 标准,准则 24.shave n.刮脸,剃须vi.& vt.剃(须发),刮脸 25.mode n.方式,风格,样式 26.delay n.延迟的时间;延期,耽搁vi.& vt.延迟,延期;使迟到,使拖延 27.convey vt.表达,传递;传送,运送 28.seize vt.抓住,把握;捉住,夺;攻占;没收 29.rainbow n.虹,彩虹 30.madam n.女士,夫人 短文故事识记 在城市的商业____________（区域）里，一家著名设计____________（机构）发布了一份招聘____________（概述）。招聘的____________（标准）包括工作经验，有____________（在前的）经验者优先。作为一名____________（候选人），我对服装设计很____________（喜爱），曾在一家纺织公司做____________（职员），每天从事____________（劳动），希望____________（获得）更高的____________（薪水）。为了这次面试，我做了大量____________（基础工作），制定了____________（预算），还向银行申请了____________（贷款）。公司决定____________（聘用）我，因为我能用恰当的____________（方式）（表达）想法，并善于处理与（客户）的关系。有人对年轻人有____________（偏见），但我用真诚消除它。面试前，我决定先____________（刮脸），并穿上用优质____________（织物）做的西装，还检查了衣服上的____________（标签）。我把____________（插头）插入插座，打开台灯。史密斯____________（女士），即公司____________（最著名的）设计师，告诉我时尚潮流总在____________（改变），设计要讲究____________（比例），更要敢于____________（抓住）机会，不要____________（延迟）。她的话像____________（彩虹）一样给我希望。 【答案】1.zone 2.institute 3.profile 4.criterion 5.prior 6.candidate 7.fond 8.clerk 9.labour 10.attain 11.salary 12.groundwork 13.budget 14.loan 15.hire 16.mode 17.convey 18.client 19.prejudice 20.shave 21.fabric 22.label 23.plug 24.madam 25.premier 26.swing 27.proportion 28.seize 29.delay 30.rainbow Unit 4 1.bound　 adj.一定会,很可能会;有义务(做某事) 2.refresh vt.使变新;使恢复精力;使想起 3.register vi.& vt.登记,注册n.语体风格,语域;登记表 4.subscribe vi.订阅;定期订购(或订阅等) 5.concrete adj.确实的,具体的;有形的,实在的n.混凝土 6.cease vi.& vt.(使)停止,终止,结束 7.self-worth n.自我价值感 8.abstract adj.抽象的,纯理论的vt.把…抽象出,提取 9.domain n.领域,范围;领土;域 10.motor adj.机动车的,汽车的n.发动机,马达 11.drill vt.& vi.培训,训练;钻(孔)n.练习,训练;钻,钻头 12.random adj.随机的;辨认不出的;不合常理的 13.statistic n.统计数字,统计资料 14.tablet n.平板电脑;药片 15.breast n.胸部,胸脯 16.curtain n.幕,帷幕;窗帘;帘,幔;覆盖物 17.dormitory n.学生宿舍,集体宿舍 18.circus n.热闹场面;马戏团 19.essay n.文章,短文 20.paragraph n.段,段落 21.laptop n.笔记本电脑,便携式电脑 22.sneeze vi.打喷嚏n.喷嚏,喷嚏声 23.draft n.草稿,草案,草图vt.起草,草拟 24.polish vt.& vi.修改,润饰;擦光,磨光n.抛光,上光;完美,娴熟,精湛 25.drawer n.抽屉 26.bounce vt.(向某人)试探地透露(主意)vi.跳动n.弹跳;活力 27.forehead n.额,前额 短文故事识记 在____________（学生宿舍）里，我坐在____________（抽屉）前，用____________（笔记本电脑）写一篇____________（文章）。我____________（一定会）在截止日期前完成，但初稿只是____________（草稿）。我先写了一个____________（段落），内容涉及一个____________（抽象的）概念。为了获得____________（具体的）数据，我查了____________（统计数字），并浏览了该____________（领域）的资料。我感到有点累，于是打开____________（窗帘）让阳光____________（使恢复精力）。我揉了揉____________（前额），忍不住打了个____________（喷嚏）。我____________（登记）了一个在线课程，并____________（订阅）了学术期刊。我____________（停止）闲聊，专心____________（润饰）文字。我的____________（自我价值感）不该建立在____________（随机的）评价上。室友在____________（训练）____________（机动车的）维修技能，宿舍里的____________（热闹场面）。他向我____________（试探地透露）一个主意：用____________（平板电脑）看视频，吃一片____________（药片）。我摸了摸____________（胸部），笑了笑。这个____________（语体风格）不适合学术写作。 【答案】1.dormitory 2.drawer 3.laptop 4.essay 5.bound 6.draft 7.paragraph 8.abstract 9.concrete 10.statistic 11.domain 12.curtain 13.refresh 14.forehead 15.sneeze 16.register 17.subscribe 18.cease 19.polish 20.self-worth 21.random 22.drill 23.motor 24.circus 25.bounce 26.tablet 27.tablet 28.breast 29.register 考点二 unit 1~unit 4 阅读词汇 知识点1 阅读单词知词义 Unit 1 2 / 2 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.cigar n. 雪茄烟 2.jaw n. 下巴;颌 3.eyebrow n. 眉毛 4.scarfpin n. 围巾夹,领带别针 5.diamond n. 钻石 6.collar n. 衣领;颈圈;圈,箍 7.geophysicist n. 地球物理学家 8.bow n. 蝴蝶结;弓 vi.鞠躬;低(头) 9.sew vi.& vt.(sewed,sewn)缝,做针线活;缝上 10.privilegen.荣幸;特殊利益vt.给予特权,特别优待 11.anchor n. 锚;给以安全感的人(或物)vi.& vt.抛锚;使固定 12.starfish n. 海星,星鱼 13.jade n. 玉,碧玉 14.rejoice vi.& vt.非常高兴,深感欣喜 15.quote n. 引语 vt.& vi. 引用,引述;举例说明 Unit 1 Our neighbour, a retired ____________ (geophysicist), has a strong ____________ (jaw) and a thick left ____________ (eyebrow). He often wears a diamond ____________ (scarfpin) on his ____________ (collar) and smokes a ____________ (cigar) on his boat. One day, he gave us the ____________ (privilege) of joining him. He dropped the ____________ (anchor) near a reef, where we saw a red ____________ (starfish) and a piece of green ____________ (jade). To thank us, he made a deep ____________ (bow), then began to ____________ (sew) a button onto his coat. “Joy is the best treasure,” was his favourite ____________ (quote). We all ____________ (rejoice) at his words. 【答案】1.geophysicist 地球物理学家 2.jaw 下巴;颌 3.eyebrow 眉毛 4.scarfpin 围巾夹，领带别针 5.collar 衣领;颈圈;圈，箍 6.cigar 雪茄烟 7.privilege 荣幸;特殊利益;给予特权 8.anchor 锚;给以安全感的人(或物);抛锚;使固定 9.starfish 海星，星鱼 10.jade 玉，碧玉 11.bow 蝴蝶结;弓;鞠躬;低(头) 12.sew 缝，做针线活;缝上 13.quote 引语;引用，引述;举例说明 14.rejoice 非常高兴，深感欣喜 Unit 2 1.encode vt.把…编码;把…译成电码 (或密码)  2.decode vt.解 (码),破译 (尤指密码)  3.taboo n.禁忌,忌讳;禁止,避讳 4.bacon n.咸猪肉,熏猪肉 5.tank n.坦克;(贮放液体或气体的) 罐  6.golf n.高尔夫球运动 7.tribe n.部落 8.linguist n.语言学家;通晓数国语言的人 9.skateboard n.滑板 10.canteen n.食堂,餐厅 Unit 2 A young ____________ (linguist) went to study a remote ____________ (tribe). He tried to ____________ (encode) their songs into symbols and ____________ (decode) their ancient messages. He soon learned that asking about certain names was a ____________ (taboo). At noon, he ate ____________ (bacon) in the village ____________ (canteen). Outside, children were riding a ____________ (skateboard) beside a large water ____________ (tank). In the afternoon, some visitors arrived to play ____________ (golf). The linguist smiled: language and culture are everywhere. 【答案】1.linguist 语言学家;通晓数国语言的人 2.tribe 部落 3.encode 把…编码;把…译成电码(或密码) 4.decode 解(码),破译(尤指密码) 5.taboo 禁忌,忌讳;禁止,避讳 6.bacon 咸猪肉,熏猪肉 7.canteen 食堂,餐厅 8.skateboard 滑板 9.tank (贮放液体或气体的)罐;坦克 10.golf 高尔夫球运动 Unit 3 1.gear　vt.使适合于 n.排挡,齿轮,传动装置 2.endeavour vi.努力,尽力 n.努力,尝试 3.receipt n.收到的款项,收入;收据 4.weekly adj.每周的 adv.每周地n.周报,周刊 5.monthly adj.每月的adv.每个月 n.月刊 6.subjective adj.主观的 7.directory n.名录,电话号码簿,公司名录 8.fibre n.纤维制品;纤维素;纤维 9.duration n.持续时间,期间 10.relevant adj.紧密相关的,切题的;有价值的,有意义的 11.yawn vi.打哈欠 12.bowling n.保龄球运动 13.tournament n.锦标赛 Unit 3 To prepare for a ____________ (bowling) ____________ (tournament), I train ____________ (weekly) and make a ____________ (monthly) plan. My coach helps me choose the right ____________ (gear) and says I must ____________ (endeavour) to improve. The ____________ (duration) of each practice is over three hours. After training, I get a ____________ (receipt) at the club and check the ____________ (directory) for the next match. Some judges may be ____________ (subjective), but their comments are ____________ (relevant) to my skills. My sportswear contains special ____________ (fibre), and when I am tired, I ____________ (yawn). In the end, all my efforts are worth it. 【答案】 1.bowling 保龄球运动 2.tournament 锦标赛 3.weekly 每周的；每周地；周报，周刊 4.monthly 每月的；每个月；月刊 5.gear 排挡，齿轮，传动装置；使适合于 6.endeavour 努力，尽力；努力，尝试 7.duration 持续时间，期间 8.receipt 收到的款项，收入；收据 9.directory 名录，电话号码簿，公司名录 10.subjective 主观的 11.relevant 紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的 12.fibre 纤维制品；纤维素；纤维 13.yawn 打哈欠 Unit 4 1.auditory　adj.听的,听觉的 2.verbal adj.口头的;言语的,文字的 3.objective adj.客观的;客观存在的;宾格的 n.目标,目的 4.inductive adj.归纳的,归纳法的 5.swan n.天鹅 6.vocational adj.职业的,业务知识的 7.institution n.机构;风俗习惯,制度 8.circuit n.电路,线路;环行;赛车道 9.lamp n.灯 10.geometry n.几何(学);几何形状 11.dizzy adj.头晕目眩的;使人眩晕的 12.cafeteria n.自助餐厅,自助食堂 13.beard n.胡须,络腮胡子 14.carriage n.(火车的) 客车厢;(旧时载客的) 四轮马车  15.kettle n.壶,水壶 16.librarian n.图书管理员,图书馆馆长 Unit 4 At a ____________ (vocational) ____________ (institution), a ____________ (librarian) with a long ____________ (beard) was preparing an ____________ (objective) test on ____________ (auditory) and ____________ (verbal) skills. He used an ____________ (inductive) method, drawing on ____________ (geometry) and electric ____________ (circuit) diagrams. A ____________ (lamp) hung above a ____________ (kettle) in the ____________ (cafeteria). Through the window, a ____________ (swan) swam past a train ____________ (carriage). The room felt so warm that students became ____________ (dizzy). 【答案】 1.vocational 职业的,业务知识的 2.institution 机构;风俗习惯,制度 3.librarian 图书管理员,图书馆馆长 4.beard 胡须,络腮胡子 5.objective 客观的;客观存在的;宾格的;目标,目的 6.auditory 听的,听觉的 7.verbal 口头的;言语的,文字的 8.inductive 归纳的,归纳法的 9.geometry 几何(学);几何形状 10.circuit 电路,线路;环行;赛车道 11.lamp 灯 12.kettle 壶,水壶 13.cafeteria 自助餐厅,自助食堂 14.swan 天鹅 15.carriage (火车的)客车厢;(旧时载客的)四轮马车 16.dizzy 头晕目眩的;使人眩晕的 知识点2 核心短语知辨析 Unit 1 1.tear down拆毁,拆除 2.make one’s fortune发财 3.lose contact失去联系 4.arm in arm臂挽着臂 5.under arrest被逮捕 6.at the mercy of sb/sth任…处置,对…无能为力 7.weigh on sb/sth使焦虑不安,加重…的思想负担 8.take responsibility for对…负责任 9.play by the rules遵守规则;处事公正诚实 10.a well-developed sense of responsibility 高度的责任感 11.on the beat (警察)值勤,当班,巡逻 12.keep an appointment赴约,践约 13.in store for...就要出现在…身上,即将发生在…身上 14.take ...seriously认真对待… 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1. tear down A. 高度的责任感 2. make one’s fortune B. 使焦虑不安，加重…的思想负担 3. lose contact C. 被逮捕 4. arm in arm D. 发财 5. under arrest E. 赴约，践约 6. at the mercy of sb/sth F. 认真对待… 7. weigh on sb/sth G. 遵守规则；处事公正诚实 8. take responsibility for H. 拆毁，拆除 9. play by the rules I. 任…处置，对…无能为力 10. a well-developed sense of responsibility J. 就要出现在…身上，即将发生在…身上 11. on the beat K. 臂挽着臂 12. keep an appointment L. 失去联系 13. in store for... M. (警察)值勤，当班，巡逻 14. take ... seriously N. 对…负责任 答案：1-H, 2-D, 3-L, 4-K, 5-C, 6-I, 7-B, 8-N, 9-G, 10-A, 11-M, 12-E, 13-J, 14-F Unit 2 1.put yourself in sb’s shoes处于某人的境地,设身处地 2.account for sth是…的说明(或原因);(数量上、比例上)占 3.approve of赞成,赞同 4.broaden one’s mind拓展视野,开阔眼界 5.make interventions to do sth干预做某事 6.come as no surprise不足为奇,不使人感到意外 7.for better or for worse无论如何 8.look a little deeper into the topic 再深入一点看这个话题 9.in a straightforward manner直截了当地 10.make adjustments to调整 11.engage sb in the discussion使某人参与讨论 12.do not hesitate about absorbing sth毫不犹豫地吸收某物 13.be referred to as...被称作/为… 14.function as...起…的作用 15.be pessimistic about...对…感到悲观 16.in response作为回答,作为回应 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1. put yourself in sb’s shoes A. 不足为奇，不使人感到意外 2. account for sth B. 对…感到悲观 3. approve of C. 处于某人的境地，设身处地 4. broaden one’s mind D. 作为回答，作为回应 5. make interventions to do sth E. 拓展视野，开阔眼界 6. come as no surprise F. 使某人参与讨论 7. for better or for worse G. 被称作/为… 8. look a little deeper into the topic H. 无论如何 9. in a straightforward manner I. 赞成，赞同 10. make adjustments to J. 直截了当地 11. engage sb in the discussion K. 是…的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占 12. do not hesitate about absorbing sth L. 起…的作用 13. be referred to as... M. 调整 14. function as... N. 干预做某事 15. be pessimistic about... O. 毫不犹豫地吸收某物 16. in response P. 再深入一点看这个话题 答案：1-C, 2-K, 3-I, 4-E, 5-N, 6-A, 7-H, 8-P, 9-J, 10-M, 11-F, 12-O, 13-G, 14-L, 15-B, 16-D Unit 3 1.earn a living谋生 2.be fond of喜爱 3.weigh up权衡,斟酌 4.put sth on the line让…处于危险之中 5.swing into action立即行动起来,马上大干起来 6.gain the upper hand处于有利地位,有优势 7.prior to在…之前 8.for the duration直到…结束,在整个…期间 9.put one’s best foot forward全力以赴 10.have prejudice against对…有偏见 11.commit oneself to致力于 12.be suitable for适合 13.in the direction of...朝…方向 14.be superior to...比…更好的,比…更胜一筹的 15.by no means决不;一点也不 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1. earn a living A. 致力于 2. be fond of B. 在…之前 3. weigh up C. 谋生 4. put sth on the line D. 对…有偏见 5. swing into action E. 让…处于危险之中 6. gain the upper hand F. 喜爱 7. prior to G. 处于有利地位，有优势 8. for the duration H. 立即行动起来，马上大干起来 9. put one’s best foot forward I. 决不；一点也不 10. have prejudice against J. 直到…结束，在整个…期间 11. commit oneself to K. 权衡，斟酌 12. be suitable for L. 朝…方向 13. in the direction of... M. 比…更好的，比…更胜一筹的 14. be superior to... N. 全力以赴 15. by no means O. 适合 答案：1-C, 2-F, 3-K, 4-E, 5-H, 6-G, 7-B, 8-J, 9-N, 10-D, 11-A, 12-O, 13-L, 14-M, 15-I Unit 4 1.be bound to一定会,很可能会 2.keep pace with sb/sth与…步调一致,与…并驾齐驱 3.subscribe to订阅;定期订购(或订阅等);同意,赞成 4.in a flash转瞬间,立即 5.compose oneself使自己镇定下来 6.bounce ideas off sb向某人试探地透露主意 7.dawn on sb使开始明白,使渐渐领悟,使开始理解 8.call for呼吁 9.learn through trial and error反复学习 10.reflect on反思某事,反省某事 11.take a deep breath深吸一口气 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1. be bound to A. 反思某事，反省某事 2. keep pace with sb/sth B. 一定会，很可能会 3. subscribe to C. 呼吁 4. in a flash D. 向某人试探地透露主意 5. compose oneself E. 转瞬间，立即 6. bounce ideas off sb F. 与…步调一致，与…并驾齐驱 7. dawn on sb G. 使自己镇定下来 8. call for H. 深吸一口气 9. learn through trial and error I. 订阅；定期订购；同意，赞成 10. reflect on J. 使开始明白，使渐渐领悟，使开始理解 11. take a deep breath K. 反复学习 答案：1-B, 2-F, 3-I, 4-E, 5-G, 6-D, 7-J, 8-C, 9-K, 10-A, 11-H 一、 真题实战 1.（2022·新高考I卷·七选五） Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer.    36   . In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we'd be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude (感激)Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and evenmore optimistic.    37    . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ●Make yourself waitInstant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.    38   . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ●     39   . So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “     40   .” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable D. All this adds up to a state of hurry E. It can also help us practice more patience F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience 答案：36.G 37.E 38.B 39.C 40. F 解析： 本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了如何成为更有耐心的人。通过给出几种方法，作者希望学生能够逐渐变得更有耐心，从而可以更好地应对生活中的各种挑战，并成为更好的自己。 36. G。在上文中，作者提出问题：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处，并指出有一个答案，由此可推知，设空处应给出该问题的答案，故G项“在这些情况下，我们都需要多一点耐心”符合语境。G项中的They指代上文中的traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start。 37. E。第二段中指出，研究表明，如果我们锻炼耐心，我们会过得更好，并指出以下是锻炼耐心的几个技巧。结合本部分小标题Practice gratitude可知，第一个技巧是“学会感恩”。设空处前指出感恩有很多好处，E项“它还可以帮助我们培养更多的耐心”顺接上文，继续介绍感恩的好处且与锻炼耐心有关，故符合语境。E项中的It指代上文中的Thankfulness。 38. B。根据本部分小标题Make yourself wait可知，第二个技巧是“让自己等待”。设空处前指出我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是锻炼，下文中的Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake是两个锻炼等待的例子，因此设空处应给出锻炼等待的方法且与生活中的小事有关，故B项“从小任务开始”符合语境。 39. C。根据下文内容可知，我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，而当我们离开舒适区时，我们会对周围的一切失去耐心，由此可推知，第三个技巧应与接受令我们感到不适的事物有关，故C项适合作本部分的小标题。C项中的uncomfortable呼应下文中的outside of our comfort zone。 40. F。根据上文中的You should learn to say to yourself和下文You’ll then gradually become more patient可知，设空处的话语应与鼓励自己学会接受不适有关，故F项“这只是让人感到不舒服，并不是无法忍受的”符合语境。F项中的uncomfortable与上文中的comfortable构成反义同现，且intolerable与上文中的tolerate构成反义同现。 【思维建模】本文为（2022·新高考I卷·七选五）说明文，标题“Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person”，主题为“如何培养耐心”，属于心理健康与自我成长话题，与选择性必修四 Unit 4 Never too old to learn 的“终身学习、自我提升、认知发展”主题高度契合。tolerate（容忍）、tolerant（宽容的）、tolerance（宽容）为 Unit 1 核心词汇，文中“the only state we will tolerate”直接考查其“容忍”义；gratitude（感激）与 Unit 1 的 virtue（美德）形成语义关联；patience/impatient 与 Unit 4 中自我调节、反思成长话题相关；circumstances（情况、环境）与 Unit 2 中理解他人、情境分析语义场相通。七选五解题关键是抓住小标题结构：Practice gratitude—Make yourself wait—Accept the uncomfortable，分别对应“感激—等待—接受不适”三条策略；利用代词指代（They 指代前文 traffic jams, long lines, waiting；It 指代 thankfulness；This 指代 uncomfortable 状态）和逻辑衔接词（However, So, And）确定选项；段内“问题—对策—结果”逻辑链（如“不适—学会说 merely uncomfortable, not intolerable—逐渐更有耐心”）是解题的重要依据。 2. （2022·浙江1月首考·A篇阅读） For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis(危机)in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate (房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job. wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas. This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking. It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn’t work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It’s a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, “When I am on the road, I’m just in my own world. I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.” 21.Why did Merebeth changed her job? A.She wanted to work near her home.  B.She was tired of working in the office.  C.Her sister asked her to move to Denver. D.Her former employer was out of business. 22.The word “wanderlust” in paragraph 2 means a desire to             ? A.make money.             B. try various jobs. C. be close to nature.             D. travel to different places. 23.What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?  A.She has chances to see rare animals.  B.She works hard throughout the year.  C.She relies on herself the whole time.  D.She earns a basic and tax-free salary. 答案： 21. D 22. D 23. C 解析： 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述 Merebeth 从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专家。 【21 题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.（她曾在一家房地产公司做了 10 年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。 公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作）”，可知，Merebeth 之所以换工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选 D。 【22 题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers.（她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去一个新的地方，她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。 她风雨无阻地旅行）”，可知，划线词的意思是“渴望去不同的地方旅行”。故选 D。 【23 题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.（当我在路上的时候，我只是在自己的世界里。 我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物）”，可知，Merebeth 在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故选 C。 【思维建模】本文为（2022·浙江1月首考·A篇阅读）人物记叙文，主题为“职业选择与独立精神”，讲述Merebeth因房地产公司倒闭而转行做宠物运输、在旅行中保持独立自我的故事，与选择性必修四 Unit 3 Careers and skills 的职业规划、职业选择、薪资待遇话题高度契合。核心词汇 salary（薪金）在文中直接出现——“about $30,000 per year before tax”，考查“税前年薪”的语境理解；employ/hire（雇用）与文中 self-employed（自雇的、个体经营的）形成派生关联；occupation（职业）、labour（劳动）、financial（金融的）与“financial crisis”“real estate firm”等职业经济类语境相通；Unit 1 Wish you were here 的旅行文化探索主题与文中 wanderlust（旅行癖、漫游欲）及“every state in the US”相呼应；Unit 4 Never too old to learn 中 mature/self-worth/independent 等自我成长词汇与文中“independent-spirited”形成语义关联；Unit 2 Understanding each other 的 empathy/sympathy 与文中“help animals”的共情动机相关。 3. （2023·新高考I卷·阅读理解D篇） On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 1．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The methods of estimation. B．The underlying logic of the effect. C．The causes of people’s errors. D．The design of Galton’s experiment. 2．Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent 3．What did the follow-up study focus on? A．The size of the groups. B．The dominant members. C．The discussion process. D．The individual estimates. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。 【详解】1．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. (从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。 【思维建模】本文为（2023·新高考I卷·阅读理解D篇）科普说明文，主题为“群体智慧效应”（wisdom of crowds）及其在小组讨论中的新发现，属于群体决策、认知推理与科学研究话题，与选择性必修四 Unit 4 Never too old to learn 的“认知发展、推理判断、学习方式”主题高度契合，同时与 Unit 2 Understanding each other 的“讨论、沟通、理解他人”话题相通。statistic/statistician（统计数字/统计学家）为 Unit 4 核心词汇，文中“the English statistician Francis Galton”直接出现；reasoning（推理）为 Unit 4 核心词汇，文中“shared arguments and reasoned together”直接考查“推理、论证”；assumption（假定、假设）为 Unit 4 核心词汇，与文中“requires that people’s estimates be independent”的假设逻辑相关；objective（客观的）为 Unit 4 阅读词汇，与科学研究客观性语义场相通；engage sb in discussion（使某人参与讨论）为 Unit 2 重点短语，与文中“allowed to have a discussion”直接呼应；cooperate/cooperation（合作）为 Unit 1 核心词汇，与群体协作决策语义场相关。 4. （2023·全国甲卷·完形填空） Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we 1 there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike 2 its way down the hill toward us. It was 3 called Mario, coming to 4 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice 5 for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 6 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 7 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can’t be any 8 , we thought. But we were 9 his kindness, so we 10 them. What we discovered is that it’s 11 to judge what you eat only by its 12 . Those tomatoes had 13 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 14 perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a 15 memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can 16 them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was 17 . It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re 18 , and as close as possible to where they were 19 . What Mario had 20 us was the taste of the Garfagnana. 1．A．waited B．met C．camped D．stayed 2．A．making B．searching C．squeezing D．feeling 3．A．customer B．neighbor C．relative D．passenger 4．A．lend B．send C．bring D．show 5．A．choice B．comment C．promise D．gesture 6．A．worried B．moved C．thrilled D．bored 7．A．simple B．real C．shiny D．fun 8．A．more B．good C．new D．easy 9．A．sympathetic to B．thankful for C．cautious about D．interested in 10．A．tried B．sold C．returned D．mixed 11．A．unnecessary B．uncertain C．unwise D．unusual 12．A．appearance B．quality C．origin D．price 13．A．size B．shape C．color D．taste 14．A．smell B．look C．become D．work 15．A．happy B．vivid C．short D．vague 16．A．clean B．check C．count D．pack 17．A．perfect B．useful C．convenient D．familiar 18．A．on view B．on sale C．in season D．in need 19．A．finished B．stored C．found D．grown 20．A．cooked B．given C．bought D．told 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．A 16．D 17．A 18．C 19．D 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的邻居马里奥给作者一家送了一个盒子，盒子里是自己种的西红柿和酿的酒，刚开始作者一家因为西红柿畸形的外表，和酒的浑浊感到不是很好，但是尝试过后，发现比超市的好，让作者明白仅仅以外表来判断食物是否好吃是不明智的。 【详解】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. waited等待；B. met遇见；C. camped露营；D. stayed暂住。根据前文“Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer.”可知，作者在当地买了房子，所以是第一次住在那里。故选D项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. making使；让；B. searching搜索；C. squeezing挤压；D. feeling感觉。根据后文“coming to ________ us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，摩托车是开过来给我们送东西的，所以make one’s way复合语境，为固定搭配，意为“前往”。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是邻居马里奥，他给我们带来了一个盒子，里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒。A. customer顾客；B. neighbor邻居；C. relative亲戚；D. passenger乘客。根据前文“we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike ________ its way down the hill toward us.”以及最后一句“What Mario had ________  us was the taste of the Garfagnana”可知，马里奥是从山上下来的，送来了当地的食物，可推测是作者的邻居。故选B项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是邻居马里奥，他给我们带来了一个盒子，里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒。A. lend借出；B. send发送；C. bring带来；D. show展示。根据后文“It was a very nice ________ for him to make.”可知，马里奥很友好，所以是给作者一家带来一个盒子。故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他这么做真是太好了。A. choice选择；B. comment议论；C. promise诺言；D. gesture姿态。根据前文“coming to ________ us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，马里奥给作者一家带来一盒子的西红柿和酒，所以是好的姿态。故选D项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我们看着那些西红柿时，我们是担心的，因为它们是非常畸形的：一点也不像你在超市里买到的那种漂亮的、圆的、闪亮的样子。A. worried担心的；B. moved感动的；C. thrilled兴奋的；D. bored感到厌倦的。根据后文“because they were so misshapen”可知，西红柿是畸形的，所以作者一家很担心是否能吃。故选A项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我们看着那些西红柿时，我们是担心的，因为它们是非常畸形的：一点也不像你在超市里买到的那种漂亮的、圆的、闪亮的样子。A. simple简单的；B. real真实的；C. shiny闪亮的；D. fun有趣的。根据前文“not at all like the nice, round”可知，空处是在形容超市里的西红柿，和前文的“nice, round”并列，结合选项，应是“shiny闪亮的”符合实际。故选C项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们想，这些肯定不好。A. more更多的；B. good好的；C. new新的；D. easy容易的。根据前文“But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were ________ because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, ________ things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it.”可知，马里奥带来的西红柿和酒都不好，因此作者一家认为这些都不可能好。故选B项。 9．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：但我们很感谢他的好意，所以我们试了试。A. sympathetic to同情；B. thankful for对……表示感谢；C. cautious about谨慎对待；D. interested in对……感兴趣。根据前文“It was ________ called Mario, coming to ________us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，西红柿和酒是邻居送的，所以应该是很感谢他。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们很感谢他的好意，所以我们试了试。A. tried尝试；B. sold出售；C. returned回来；D. mixed混合。根据后文“Those tomatoes had ________ that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.”可知，马里奥送的西红柿让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿，所以推知，他们是尝试了。故选A项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，仅仅以外表来判断你吃的东西是否好吃是不明智的。A. unnecessary不需要的；B. uncertain无把握；C. unwise不明智的；D. unusual特别的。结合前后文，可知，作者一家刚开始看到马里奥送的西红柿是畸形的，对其感到担心，但是后来发现，它的味道，比超市的西红柿要好，所以此处应是根据外观来判断你吃的东西是不明智的。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，仅仅以外表来判断你的吃的东西是否好吃是不明智的。A. appearance外观；B. quality质量；C. origin源头；D. price价格。根据前文“we were ________ because they were so misshapen”可知，此处应是通过外观来评判。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些西红柿的味道让我想起了我小时候叔叔种的西红柿。A. size尺寸；B. shape形状；C. color颜色；D. taste味道。根据后文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes ________ perfect but taste of water.”可知，此处应是用马里奥送的西红柿和超市的西红柿作对比，马里奥送的西红柿外观差，但是味道好，让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿。故选D项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在超市里的西红柿看起来很好，但味道像水。A. smell闻起来；B. look看起来；C. become变成；D. work工作。根据前文“not at all like the nice, round, ________ things you get in a supermarket.”可知，超市的西红柿看起来很完美。故选B项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有人会对那些有快乐的记忆。A. happy快乐的；B. vivid清晰的；C. short短的；D. vague模糊的。根据前文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes ________ perfect but taste of water.”可知，超市的西红柿，看起来很好，但是吃起来像水，因此没有将会有快乐的记忆。故选A项。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他们没有设法种植方形的，这样他们就可以方便地包装它们。A. clean打扫；B. check检查；C. count计数；D. pack打包。根据前文“It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones”结合实际，可知方形的易包装。故选D项。 17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马里奥的酒可能是混浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里出来的，但它是完美的。A. perfect完美的；B. useful有用的；C. convenient便利的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据前文“Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle”以及空前的but可知，此处表转折，结合选项，此处应是“马里奥的酒可能是混浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里出来的，但它是完美的”之意，符合实际。故选A项。 18．考查介词短语辨析。句意：在合适的时间，当它们是应季的时候，并且尽可能靠近它们生长的地方，吃东西是好的。A. on view在展出；B. on sale出售；C. in season当令的；D. in need困难中的。根据前文“It’s good to eat things at the correct time”可知，在合适的时间，也就是食物应季，当令的时候吃该食物口感是最好的。故选C项。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在合适的时间，当它们是应季的时候，尽可能靠近它们生长的地方，吃东西是好的。A. finished完成；B. stored贮存；C. found找到；D. grown成长。根据前文“It’s good to eat things”以及“as close as possible to where”可知，此处在讲在合适的时间吃东西是好的，根据where推断涉及地点，结合实际，应是在靠近它们生长的地方，摘下来吃，能保持新鲜，是好的，符合题意。故选D项。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：马里奥给我们的是Garfagnana的味道。A. cooked烹饪；B. given给；C. bought买；D. told告诉。根据前文“It was ________ called Mario, coming to ________ us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，应该是马里奥给作者一家的。故选B项。 【思维建模】本文为（2023·全国甲卷·完形填空）记叙文，主题为“在意大利乡村的生活体验与人生感悟”，讲述作者在Garfagnana买房子，邻居Mario赠送自家种的西红柿和自酿葡萄酒，虽然外表不佳但味道纯正，由此领悟到不能以貌取食物，应吃当季当地的食物。文章属于人与社会、文化体验与生活智慧话题，与选择性必修四 Unit 1 Wish you were here 的旅行文化探索、Unit 2 Understanding each other 的人际理解与善意、Unit 4 Never too old to learn 的从经历中反思学习高度契合。gesture（姿态、表示）与 Unit 2 人际沟通语义场相通；sympathetic to、thankful for 与 Unit 1 核心词汇 sympathy（同情）、Unit 2 中理解他人情感相关；appearance（外表）、taste（味道）、quality（品质）等词与 Unit 1 中“不以貌取物”的哲理相关；in season（当季）与 Unit 1 中 sustainable、local food 等概念呼应。解题关键是：利用上下文逻辑（如转折词 but、so）和情感线索（worried→thankful→discovered）；注意词汇复现（tomatoes, wine, taste, memory）；第5题 gesture 考查“善意的表示”，第9题 thankful for 考查“感激”，第12题 appearance 与后文 taste 形成对比，第18题 in season 与 correct time 呼应。 2、 命题演练 一、单项选择 1．The festival will take place outside the central part of the city so that the musicians won’t ________ the local people when they’re performing. A．blame B．conserve C．suspect D．disturb 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个节日将在市中心以外的地方举行，以便音乐家们在表演时不会打扰当地人。A. blame责备；B. conserve保护，保存；C. suspect怀疑；D. disturb打扰，妨碍。根据“will take place outside the central part of the city”以及“when they’re performing”可推知，把活动安排在市中心外是为了不让表演打扰到当地人，用动词disturb作从句谓语。故选D项。 2．_________ she finished correcting the last student’s paper and submitted the grades to the teaching office, the English teacher headed straight for the bus station to catch the last bus home. A．Cautiously B．Constantly C．Immediately D．Automatically 【答案】C 【详解】考查连词。句意：英语老师一批改完最后一份学生的试卷并把成绩提交到教务处，就径直前往公交车站赶最后一班回家的公交车。A. Cautiously谨慎地，小心翼翼地；B. Constantly持续不断地，经常地；C. Immediately一……就……，立即；D. Automatically自动地，无意识地。根据后文“headed straight for the bus station to catch the last bus home”可知，老师批改完试卷、提交成绩后立刻去赶车，前后动作衔接紧密，用Immediately引导时间状语从句符合语境。故选C。 3．—The trip to Yangzhou is impressive thanks to free access to tourist attraction, isn’t it? —Well, free access is just an added________and the real attraction lies in its local-flavor food. A．bonus B．platform C．reward D．contract 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——扬州之行令人印象深刻，多亏了景点免费开放，对吧？——嗯，免费开放只是一个额外福利，真正的吸引力在于当地风味美食。A. bonus奖金，额外好处，意外收获；B. platform平台，讲台；C. reward奖励，回报；D. contract合同，合约。根据后文语境“the real attraction lies in its local-flavor food(真正的吸引力在于当地风味美食)”可知，真正吸引人的是扬州风味美食，而“免费游览 是扬州之旅的附加亮点，并非核心吸引力，即，这是额外的好处，因此应使用名词“bonus”。故选A项。 4．Closure of the factories was ________ over a three-year period as planned. A．cast B．fulfilled C．phased D．drawn 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：工厂将按计划在三年内分阶段关闭。A. cast投射，铸造；B. fulfilled履行，实现；C. phased使分阶段进行；D. drawn画，吸引。phase有“使分阶段进行”的意思，“phase sth. over a period of time”表示“在一段时间内使某事分阶段进行”，符合语境，即工厂关闭这件事会在三年这个时间段内分阶段进行。故选C。 5．During the investigation after the accident, the passengers spoke of complete ________ as the fire spread through the ship. A．certification B．chaos C．facilitation D．guidance 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：事故发生后的调查中，乘客们描述说大火在船上蔓延时，现场一片混乱。 A. certification证明；证书；B. chaos混乱；紊乱；C. facilitation促进；便利化；D. guidance指导；引导。 根据后文“as the fire spread through the ship（大火在船上蔓延时）”的语境可知，火灾发生时的现场状态应该是无序混乱的。故选 B。   6．The tennis champion ________ escaped defeat in the final set, winning the match by a single point after a thrilling comeback. A．narrowly B．barely C．hardly D．slightly 【答案】A 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位网球冠军在最后一盘比赛中险些失利，在惊心动魄的逆转后以一分之差赢得了比赛。A. narrowly勉强地，险些；B. barely仅仅，几乎不；C. hardly几乎不；D. slightly轻微地。根据下文“winning the match by a single point after a thrilling comeback”可知，网球冠军在最后一盘比赛中是险些失利，narrowly符合语境，表示“勉强地，险些”。故选A项。 7．______ had she entered the room ______ she felt something unusual. A．Hard; when B．No sooner; than C．Not until; that D．As soon as; when 【答案】B 【详解】考查倒装句型和时间状语从句。句意：她一进房间就感到有些不寻常。分析句子可知，这是一个倒装句型。看到had she entered 这个部分倒装结构，我们会联想到“一……就……”的表达句型：Hardly/Scarcely...when...和No sooner...than...；not until位于句首时，主句倒装，从句不到装，as soon as不和when搭配。故选B项。 8．As we start this first year together, I would like to make a few announcements and ______ some of my commitments. A．change B．fulfill C．desert D．clarify 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在我们共同开启这第一年之际，我想发布几项通知并且阐明我的部分承诺。A. change改变；更改；B. fulfill履行，实现；C. desert抛弃，遗弃；D. clarify阐明，讲清楚。and连接两个并列的谓语动作，发布通知、阐明承诺都是说话者当下要开展的事项，结合语境可知clarify符合句意。 9．After failing the exam, he had to ________ with his self-doubt and anxiety before deciding to try again. A．interact B．correspond C．confront D．wrestle 【答案】D 【详解】句意：考试失败后，在决定再次尝试之前，他不得不直面自己的自我怀疑和焦虑。A. interact互动；B. correspond符合，一致；C. confront面对，直面；D. wrestle搏斗，扭打。根据后文内心负面情绪以及后续再次尝试可知，此处指与负面情绪抗争、克服情绪问题，wrestle with为固定搭配，表示“竭力应对（难题、情绪）”。 10．—Although we live in a peaceful country, there are still many areas of the world at war. —I think we should ______ solving international conflicts by negotiation instead of appealing to arms. A．oppose B．correspond C．evaluate D．advocate 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。 句意：——尽管我们生活在一个和平的国家，但世界上仍有许多地区处于战争状态。——我认为我们应该倡导通过谈判而不是诉诸武力来解决国际冲突。 A. oppose反对，抵制；B. correspond相一致，符合；C. evaluate评价，评估； D. advocate提倡，主张。 根据solving international dispute by negotiation可知，应该倡导通过谈判而不是诉诸武力来解决国际冲突。故选D。 11．In the course of a couple of hours, he showed me just how much one can gain from travelling with an open mind, and a willingness to ____________ with locals from all walks of life. A．cooperate B．side C．negotiate D．engage 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在短短几个小时的时间里，他让我深刻体会到，只要怀着开放的心态，愿意与各行各业的当地人交流互动，就能收获颇丰，旅行的意义也会因此而大为不同。A. cooperate合作；B. side支持，站队；C. negotiate谈判；D. engage接触。结合下文“with locals from all walks of life”可知，与各行各业的当地人接触能使人收获良多。故选D。 12．________ also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering, ________ had weakened my self-confidence. A．What; where B．Which; that C．That; what D．What; which 【答案】D 【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：导致我自我厌恶的另一个因素是我的偶尔口吃，这削弱了我的自信心。分析第一空格可知，此处是主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，所以用连接代词what来引导；分析第二空格可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which来引导。故选D项。 13．______ he failed the driving test twice didn’t discourage him from trying a third time. A．What B．That C．Whether D．When 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：尽管他驾照考试两次都没通过，但这并没有让他气馁，他还是决定再考一次。此处引导主语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故选B。 14．These activities will contribute to promoting the full and equal ________ of all women in various fields in society. A．donation B．participation C．distribution D．qualification 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些活动将有助于促进所有女性在社会各个领域的充分平等参与。A. donation捐赠；捐款；B. participation参与；参加；C. distribution分配；分布；D. qualification资格；资历。根据“promoting the full and equal”以及“in various fields in society”可知，这些活动将有助于促进所有女性在社会各个领域的充分平等参与，故选B。 15．As online shopping becomes increasingly popular, the Internet is regarded as a(n)________ way of reaching target customers. A．accurate B．temporary C．complex D．efficient 【答案】D 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着网上购物越来越流行，互联网被认为是接触目标客户的一种有效方式。A. accurate精确的；B. temporary暂时的；C. complex复杂的；D. efficient有效的。根据句意可知，此处为形容词efficient“有效的”作定语修饰way，满足句意要求。故选D项。 16．There are brands I tend towards because they have a particular and _________ style that reflects my taste. A．consistent B．conscious C．commercial D．conventional 【答案】A 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我倾向于某些品牌，因为它们有一种独特且一致的风格，反映了我的品味。A. consistent一致的，始终如一的；B. conscious有意识的，自觉的；C. commercial商业的，盈利的；D. conventional传统的，惯例的。根据“that reflects my taste”可知，强调品牌风格始终如一，与自己的品味相符，形容词consistent符合语境。故选A项。 17．Make sure your speech is ________ and to the point, so that the audience won’t have to listen to you talking for a long time. A．formal B．concrete C．concise D．plain 【答案】C 【详解】句意：确保你的演讲简洁且切题，这样听众就不必听你长篇大论。A. formal正式的；B. concrete具体的；C. concise简洁的；D. plain朴素的。根据“to the point”和“won’t have to listen to you talking for a long time”可推知，演讲要切题、不冗长，也就是需要简洁明了。 18．The doctor’s diagnosis was based on ______ evidence rather than guesswork. A．concrete B．consistent C．confidential D．controversial 【答案】A 【详解】句意：医生的诊断是以具体证据而非猜测为依据的。A. concrete具体的、实在的；B. consistent一致的、始终如一的；C. confidential机密的、保密的；D. controversial 有争议的。根据句中“rather than guesswork”可知，不是猜测，而是有具体证据，用形容词concrete作定语，符合语境。 19．There is little sign that Iran and the US have ________ their differences. A．resolved B．restored C．revised D．released 【答案】A 【详解】句意：几乎没有迹象表明伊朗和美国已经解决了分歧。A. resolved解决；B. restored恢复，修复；C. revised修订，复习；D.  released释放，发布。搭配differences表示“化解分歧”，需用resolved。 20．The story of The Hunchback of Notre-Dame reminds us that a person’s worth lies in their inner beauty and ________, rather than their social status or physical appearance. A．compromise B．integrity C．prejudice D．occupation 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。 句意：《巴黎圣母院》的故事提醒我们，一个人的价值在于其内在的美好与正直品格，而非社会地位或外在容貌。 A. compromise妥协；折中；让步； B. integrity正直，诚实，完整； C. prejudice偏见，成见； D. occupation职业，工作，占据。 根据上文“their inner beauty”可知，个人的价值在于其内在的美好与正直品格。故选B项。 21．Having accepted two invitations for the same evening, Henry found himself in a __________. A．blank B．bless C．bind D．band 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：亨利应下了同一个晚上的两场邀约，一时陷入进退两难的境地。A. blank头脑空白；B. bless太好啦（感叹词）；C. bind窘境；D. band乐队。根据“Having accepted two invitations for the same evening”可知，“应下了同一个晚上的两场邀约”会让亨利陷入“窘境”。故选C。 22．The company ________ a 13 percent decline in new orders as evidence that overall demand for its products was falling. A．cited B．drafted C．urged D．plotted 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司引用新订单减少13%作为证据，表明其产品的整体需求正在下滑。A. cited引用，举出；B. drafted起草；C. urged敦促；D. plotted密谋。此处表示公司引用新订单减少13%作为证据，故选A。 23．This latest ________ in the scandal, which revealed previously hidden financial irregularities, has shocked a lot of people. A．bonus B．domain C．episode D．generation 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这起丑闻的最新进展震惊了很多人，丑闻揭露了先前隐藏的财务违规行为。A. bonus奖金；红利；B. domain领域；范围；C. episode（人生的某一段）经历；（连续剧的）一集；事件；D. generation一代人；一代。根据句意可知，丑闻的最新“事件”揭露了先前隐藏的财务违规行为，所以此处用“episode”表示“事件”符合语境，故选C。 24．With the continuous ________ of its overseas markets, the local enterprise has gradually become a well-known brand in the international field. A．extension B．explosion C．expansion D．exposure 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着海外市场的不断拓展，本土企业逐渐成为国际知名品牌。A. extension延伸；B. explosion爆炸；C. expansion扩张；D. exposure暴露。根据后文“the local enterprise has gradually become a well-known brand in the international field”可知，本土企业逐渐成为国际知名品牌，应是因为海外市场的不断扩张。故选C项。 25．With the rapid development of digital technology, online libraries have made a large number of academic resources more ______ to readers across the country. A．accessible B．dynamic C．optional D．concrete 【答案】A 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着数字技术的飞速发展，在线图书馆让大量学术资源对全国读者来说变得更容易获取。A. accessible易获取的、可到达的；B. dynamic动态的、有活力的；C. optional可选择的；D. concrete具体的、实在的。根据“With the rapid development of digital technology”和“online libraries”可推知，在线图书馆的作用是让学术资源更便于读者获取，形容词accessible符合句意。故选A项。 二：单句提升词汇填空 1．She spoke English with a faint Dutch ______ (口音). 【答案】accent 【详解】考查名词。句意：她讲英语带有微弱的荷兰口音。名词accent口音，该词在句中做介词with的宾语。所以要填accent。 2．A __________ (能干的) manager knows how to motivate his team and handle difficult situations calmly. 【答案】competent 【详解】句意：一位能干的管理者知道如何激励他的团队并冷静地处理困难局面。根据汉语提示“能干的”及空后名词manager可知，空处应填形容词competent作定语，修饰名词manager。 3．A teacher should not show ________ (偏爱) for anyone of his pupils. 【答案】preference 【详解】句意：老师不应该偏爱任何一个学生。“偏爱”应用名词preference，作show的宾语，短语show preference for意为“流露对……的偏爱”。 4．He wants to change his ___________ (约会) from Monday to Wednesday. 【答案】appointment 【详解】句意：他想把他的约会从周一改到周三。 根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“约会”应用名词appointment，在本句中作宾语，再由语境可知，此处应用单数形式。 5．For team projects, it is ________ (值得做的) to listen to constructive criticism, which helps ensure a better final outcome. 【答案】worthwhile 【详解】考查形容词。句意：对于团队项目而言，倾听建设性的批评意见是很有值得的，这有助于确保最终成果更加出色。“值得做的”应用形容词worthwhile，作表语。故填worthwhile。 6．____________ (假定，设定，承担，获得) that the weather is fine tomorrow, we will organize a picnic in the park; if not, we will have a movie night at the community center instead. 【答案】Assuming 【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：假设明天天气好，我们将在公园组织一次野餐；如果没有，我们将在社区中心举行电影之夜。表示“假定，设定，承担，获得”用动词assume，assuming that...“假设……”是固定搭配，引导条件状语从句。故填Assuming。 7．Over the course of a few months, Klein had ________ (欺骗) dozens of teenagers out of their money over the Internet. 【答案】cheated 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在几个月的时间里，克莱因通过互联网骗了几十个青少年的钱。根据句子结构，此处缺谓语动词，结合句意和汉语提示可知，表示“欺骗”用cheat，由时间状语Over the course of a few months和had可知，此处是过去完成时，结构是had done，故填cheated。 8．The fundamental ________ (原则) of good nutrition is to consume a balanced diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, and proteins. 【答案】principle 【详解】考查名词。句意：良好营养的基本原则是均衡饮食，包括各种水果、蔬菜和蛋白质。根据汉语提示可知应用名词principle，作主语，根据后文is可知为单数。故填principle。 9．After ________ (辞职) from the company, the disabled man took some books to the post office and mailed them to his friend. 【答案】resigning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从公司辞职后，这位残疾人拿了一些书到邮局，寄给了他的朋友。根据汉语提示“辞职”，以及上文After可知此处应填动名词作介词宾语，且表示“辞职”的动词为：resign，故填resigning。 10．The winner has been disqualified for________ (作弊), so justice has been done . 【答案】cheating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：获胜者因作弊而被取消资格，所以正义得到了伸张。作弊“cheat”，分析句子结构可知，介词后要使用动名词作宾语，故填cheating。 11．I know Jimmy was always the truest and most ______ (可靠的) fellow in the world. 【答案】reliable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我知道吉米一直是世界上最诚实、最可靠的人。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词reliable“可靠的”作定语修饰fellow，满足句意要求。故填reliable。 12．I always regard him as a man of ____________(正直；诚实). 【答案】integrity 【详解】考查名词。句意：我一直认为他是个正直的人。根据中文提示和句意可知，表示“正直;诚实”应用integrity，为不可数名词，在本句中作介词后宾语。故填integrity。 13．A teacher should not show ________ (偏爱) for any one of his pupils. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】preference 【详解】考查名词。句意：老师不应该偏爱任何一个学生。句中用名词作宾语。名词“偏爱”英文为preference，为不可数名词。根据汉语提示及句意，故填preference。 14．In the near future we can live in a smart home that can __________(综合) computers into the structure of the building itself. 【答案】integrate 【详解】考查动词。句意：在不久的将来，我们可以生活在一个智能家居中，它可以将计算机并入到建筑物本身的结构中。根据“can”可知，空处应用动词原形；integrate为动词，表示“综合、合并”，动词短语integrate...into意为“使……并入”，符合句意。故填integrate。 15．The French football star is still ______ (谈判) a new deal with the club.（根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】negotiating 【详解】考查动词。句意：这位法国足球明星仍在与俱乐部谈判一项新协议。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词negotiate“谈判，协商”。根据空前的is可知，空处需要现在分词构成现在进行时态，表示“足球明星正在与俱乐部谈判一项新协议”。故填negotiating。 16．Further information can be ________(获得)from our head office. 【答案】obtained 【详解】考查动词。句意：进一步的资料可向我们的总公司索取。表示“获得”用obtain，此处使用过去分词与空前can be构成情态动词的被动语态。故填obtained。 17．She could ________ (背诵) many poems from memory at the age of five. 【答案】repeat＃＃recite 【详解】考查动词。句意：5岁的时候，她就能背诵许多诗歌。根据汉语提示“背诵”及情态动词could可知，此处需要动词原形。repeat/recite sth from memory表示“背诵”，符合句意。故填repeat或者recite。 18．In the age of the keyboard, some people seem to think _________(书写) lessons are not important. 【答案】handwriting 【详解】考查名词。句意：在键盘时代，一些人似乎认为写字课不重要了。根据汉语提示“书写”，以及“lessons”可知此处用名词作定语，表示课程的内容，handwriting做名词，表示“书写，手写”是不可数名词，符合句意。故填handwriting。 19．One reason for her________(偏好)for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】preference 【详解】考查名词。句意：她喜欢城市生活的一个原因是，她可以很方便地到达商店和餐馆等地方。根据句意和所给汉语提示分以及空格前的介词for分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作介词for的宾语，且意义为“偏好”，所以应该用名词preference，preference一词多用作不可数名词；此外，此处指的是一种偏好，所以用单数形式。故填preference。 20．It took him a long time to ________ (获得) the skills he needed to become a good dancer. 【答案】acquire/gain/obtain/win/achieve/get 【详解】考查动词。句意：他花了很长时间才获得成为一名优秀舞者所需的技能。根据汉语提示“获得”以及前文to可知，此处应用动词原形acquire/gain/obtain/win/achieve/get构成不定式短语作真正的主语，it takes sb some time to do sth是固定句型。故填acquire/gain/obtain/win/achieve/get。 21．Tired office workers are often ________(使恢复精力) by a 10-minute break and some fresh air. 【答案】refreshed 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：疲惫的上班族通常能通过十分钟的休息和呼吸新鲜空气恢复精力。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词refresh“使恢复精力；使精神振作”与主语Tired office workers为被动关系，本句为一般现在时的被动语态。故填refreshed。 22．The heavy snow last winter caused long  ________ (延迟) at Heathrow Airport. 【答案】delays 【详解】考查名词。句意：去年冬天的大雪导致希思罗机场长时间延迟。根据汉语提示“延迟”，“delay”是名词，意为“延迟”。由“long”可知，此处应用复数形式“delays”，在句中作宾语。故填delays。 23．She hired a private ________ (侦探) in an attempt to find her daughter. 【答案】detective 【详解】考查名词。句意：她雇了一名私家侦探来设法找到她的女儿。“侦探”作宾语，用可数名词detective，结合冠词a可知，用单数形式。故填detective。 24．________ (有关的) work experience is required for overseas postings. 【答案】Relevant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：海外工作需要相关的工作经验。根据汉语提示可知，此处应填入形容词relevant，表示“相关的”，作定语修饰名词短语work experience，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Relevant。 25．Conservationists in Chile are concerned about the effect of ________ (商业化的) exploitation of forests. 【答案】commercial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：智利的自然资源保护主义者担心商业开发森林的影响。表示“商业化的”应用形容词commercial作定语。故填commercial。 26．Under Qian’s ________ (领导), China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. 【答案】leadership 【详解】考查名词。句意：在钱的领导下，中国研制了东风导弹，随后研制了第一代长征火箭。根据句意和汉语提示可知，本空应填不可数名词leadership“领导”，作介词Under的宾语。故填leadership。 27．The bad weather meant ________(推迟) the sports meeting for two weeks. 【答案】delaying 【详解】考查动词。句意：恶劣的天气意味着运动会要推迟两个星期。根据汉语提示可知应用动词delay，表示“推迟”，且上文为短语mean doing sth.，表示“意味着做某事”，所以空处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填delaying。 28．When you grow up, you will need to choose a suitable __________ (职业) that matches your interests and skills. 【答案】occupation 【详解】句意：当你长大后，你需要选择一个与你的兴趣和技能相匹配的合适的职业。“职业”作宾语，用名词occupation，有不定冠词a修饰，用单数形式。 29．Nora: I’ve already written a poem, but I need more time to ________ (润色) my writing. 【答案】polish 【详解】考查动词。句意：诺拉：我已经写了一首诗，但我需要更多时间来润色我的作品。“润色”用动词polish，且need some time to do...是固定搭配，意为“需要一些时间来做……”，用动词原形构成不定式to polish作目的状语。故填polish。 30．It’s never a good idea to take sleeping _________ (药片) regularly. 【答案】tablets 【详解】考查名词。句意：经常服用安眠药绝不是个好主意。空处应用名词，作宾语；根据汉语提示，tablet表示“药片”，为可数名词，应用复数形式，表示泛指。故填tablets。 31．A short nap can ______ (使神清气爽) your mind and help you focus better on work. 【答案】refresh 【详解】考查动词。句意：短暂的小睡可以使你的头脑神清气爽，帮助你更好地专注于工作。根据汉语提示“使神清气爽”以及空前的情态动词can可知，此处应填动词原形refresh，作谓语。故填refresh。 32．He’s been informed that he doesn’t ______ (取得资格) for the scholarship because of his academic background. 【答案】qualify 【详解】考查动词。句意：他已被告知，由于学术背景原因，他没有资格获得该奖学金。根据提示的汉语“取得资格”以及助动词doesn’t可知，此处应填动词原形qualify，在句中作谓语。故填qualify。 33．China’s victory in poverty reduction has offered hope and provided a valuable frame of _________ (参考) for the world, especially the developing countries. 【答案】reference 【详解】考查名词。句意：中国在减贫方面取得的胜利给世界特别是发展中国家带来了希望，提供了一份宝贵的参考依据。根据空格前的介词of可知，空格处应填名词作宾语，结合汉语提示“参考”是reference，为可数名词，此处为名词的单数形式。故填reference。 34．I felt________(头晕目眩的) when I looked down from the top of the television tower. 【答案】dizzy 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当我从电视塔上往下看时，我感到头晕。“头晕目眩的”表达为形容词dizzy，作表语。故填dizzy。 35．I will let you have an answer after _________(成熟的) consideration. 【答案】mature 【详解】考查形容词。句意：等我考虑成熟了再给你答复。“成熟的”表达为形容词mature，作名词consideration的前置定语。故填mature。    二：课内句式填空训练 1.Hopefully,you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you,but rather as a foundation which will support your future development.(not...but rather...) 希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担,而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。 2.Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.(祈使句+and+陈述句) 今天播下成功的种子,明天就会有巨大的收获。 3. A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed,while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.(while作并列连词,表示对比) 微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注,而双臂交叉、目光移开可能表明你不感兴趣,这样会造成不信任或导致摩擦。 4.Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them.(“only+状语”置于句首引起的倒装) 只有当你认真考虑他们的观点的时候,你才会明白导致他们产生这样的情绪的原因,并与他们产生共鸣。 5.No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.(No sooner...than...的倒装句式) 我刚开始了解英国人的沟通方式就到要回家的时候了。 6.It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly.(强调句型) 也正是通过那些词,新思想的传播、不同观点的交流得以更加便捷。 7.Wherever our interests may lie and whatever our career choices might be,work allows us the opportunity to be engaged in something we are fond of,and consequently,it can give us a great sense of achievement and satisfaction.(“疑问词+-ever”引导让步状语从句) 无论我们的兴趣点在哪里,无论我们的职业选择是什么,工作都能让我们有机会从事我们喜欢的事情,从而给我们极大的成就感和满足感。 8.Our rapidly changing workplace makes it necessary for us to keep up and develop new skills.(make+it+adj+for sb+to do) 瞬息万变的职场让我们有必要与时俱进,发展新技能。 9.While I am there,I would like to work part-time for a fashion design company in order to learn from professional designers—more is better when it comes to work experience.(while引导时间状语从句;when it comes to...) 在那里期间,我想在一家时装设计公司做兼职,以便向专业的设计师学习——说起工作经验总是越多越好的。 10.When I drew a still life,it was impressed upon me that the blank spaces between the objects were just as vital to the success of the composition as the actual objects themselves.(as...as...) 当我在画静物时,我意识到,成功的构图中,物体之间的留白和实际的物体本身一样关键。 11.New knowledge is constantly being generated and what you already know is being revised all the time,to the extent that it can be difficult to keep pace with the latest developments.(what引导主语从句) 新的知识不断产生,你们已知的事物一直在改变,以至于人们很难跟上最新的发展。 12.Little did I know that I was about to experience the best four years of my life.(否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装) 我几乎没想到我就要经历我一生中最美好的四年时光。 13.It soon dawned on me that many university professors are quite willing to share what they know,and they do take a genuine interest in their students’ intellectual development.(It soon dawned on sb that...) 很快我就开始明白,许多大学教授非常愿意分享他们所知道的,并且他们的确真心实意地关注学生的智力发展。 三：篇章填空训练 Passage A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Being a responsible person means understanding that your choices have consequences. It is not always easy to 1 (take) responsibility, especially when something goes wrong. However, those who admit their mistakes and try to improve earn the respect of others. In schools, students are expected to follow 2 (rule) and respect their teachers. A student who is 3 (rely) and hard-working sets a good example for classmates. Parents also play 4 important role in teaching responsibility. They show their children how to 5 (fulfill) duties and care for others. Laws and regulations exist 6 (keep) public order and ensure safety. When people choose to obey the law, they contribute to social harmony. On the other hand, those 7 break the law may face serious consequences. Developing a strong sense of responsibility takes time. Children learn by 8 (watch) adults who model good behavior. As they grow, they begin to realize that their actions matter. A person with integrity does the right thing even when no one 9 (watch). They understand that personal responsibility is not about avoiding punishment, but about 10 (build) a better world for everyone. 【答案】 1．take 2．rules 3．reliable 4．an 5．fulfill 6．to keep 7．who 8．watching 9．is watching 10．building 【导语】本文主要论述承担责任的内涵、责任在校园、家庭、社会中的体现以及责任感的养成方式。 【详解】 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：承担责任并不总是容易的，尤其是当事情出错的时候。固定句型It is + adj. + to do sth.“做某事是……的”，不定式符号to后必须接动词原形。 2．考查名词单复数。句意：在学校里，学生被要求遵守规则并且尊敬他们的老师。rule为可数名词，校园内的规则是多个，需使用复数形式。 3．考查词形容词。句意：一个可靠且勤奋的学生为同学们树立好榜样。空格位于be动词后，与hard-working并列作表语，需要填入rely对应的形容词reliable。 4．考查冠词。句意：父母也在责任教育中发挥重要作用。固定搭配play an important role in...“在……中发挥重要作用”，important以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们向孩子展示如何履行义务、关心他人。此处为“疑问词how+不定式”作宾语，不定式to后接动词原形。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：法律法规存在是为了维护公共秩序、保障安全。主句主谓结构完整，空格处表法律法规设立的目的，用动词不定式作目的状语。 7．考查定语从句。句意：另一方面，那些违法的人可能面临严重后果。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为代词those，指代人，定语从句缺少主语，只能用关系代词who。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子通过模仿行为端正的成年人进行学习。by为介词，后接动名词。 9．考查时态。句意：正直的人即便无人注视也会行正确之事。此处强调当下正在进行的动作，用现在进行时；主语no one为单数，谓语用is watching。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们明白个人责任不是为了躲避惩罚，而是为所有人构建更美好的世界。介词about后接build的动名词形式作宾语。 Passage B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An event marking the International Chinese Language Day was held on May 8, 2025 in London, bringing 100 students from six schools across the United Kingdom to celebrate the Chinese language and culture. 1 (establish) by the United Nations, Chinese Language Day is observed annually on April 20 to promote multilingualism and cultural 72 (diverse). The event, with the theme of “Chinese Language: A Gift Across Time and Space”, 2 (feature) eight workshops highlighting various aspects of Chinese culture, including characters, calligraphy, poetry, martial arts, and opera masks. The activities mixed traditional customs with modern elements, ranging from woodblock printing 3 virtual reality experiences. Along with workshops, students performed Chinese songs, posed for photos with a panda mascot, 4 received souvenirs (纪念品). “Learning Chinese is challenging, but also 5 (incredible) fun and exciting. It has helped me understand Chinese culture, 6 is different from the cultures I’ve experienced before,” said Noah Eskinazi-Nehme, a student who 7 (study) Chinese for almost two years and celebrates the Spring Festival with his family each year. He wanted to visit China one day to improve his language skills further while 8 (explore) the country’s diverse landscapes and seeing pandas. Patrick Adamson, associate head teacher of Calday Grange Grammar School, said that learning Chinese enabled students to “engage with China not as just a concept but as a living, dynamic culture” and “fuel curiosity and respect for 9 (globe) perspectives”. 【答案】 1．Established 2．diversity 3．featured 4．to 5．and 6．incredibly 7．which 8．has studied/has been studying 9．exploring 10．global 【导语】文章主要介绍2025年伦敦举办国际中文日活动的现场内容、学生参与感受以及校方对中文学习价值的评价。 【详解】 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：国际中文日由联合国设立，每年4月20日举办，旨在倡导多语言发展与文化多样性。此处为非谓语动词作状语，establish与逻辑主语Chinese Language Day之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词established，位于句首，首字母需大写。 2．考查名词。句意：国际中文日由联合国设立，每年4月20日举办，旨在倡导多语言发展与文化多样性。形容词cultural修饰名词，作宾语，diverse对应的名词为diversity，意为“多样性”。 3．考查动词时态。句意：这场以“中文：跨越时空的馈赠”为主题的活动开设八场工作坊，展示汉字、书法、诗词、武术、戏曲脸谱等各类中国文化内容。此处为谓语动词，全文叙述过去举办的活动，使用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为featured。 4．考查介词。句意：活动融合传统民俗与现代元素，涵盖木版印刷到虚拟现实体验各类项目。此处为固定搭配range from…to…，意为“范围从……到……”，所以此处为介词to。 5．考查连词。句意：除工作坊外，学生们演唱中文歌曲、和熊猫吉祥物合影，并领取纪念品。此处连接三个并列谓语performed、posed、received，表顺承并列关系，所以用并列连词and。 6．考查副词。句意：已经学习中文近两年、每年都会和家人一起过春节的学生诺亚・埃斯金纳齐-内梅表示：“学习中文虽有难度，但也十分有趣、令人振奋。它让我得以了解中华文化，这种文化和我以往接触过的各类文化都截然不同。”此处修饰形容词fun，需要副词作状语，incredible对应的副词为incredibly，意为“极其，非常”。 7．考查定语从句。句意：已经学习中文近两年、每年都会和家人一起过春节的学生诺亚・埃斯金纳齐-内梅表示：“学习中文虽有难度，但也十分有趣、令人振奋。它让我得以了解中华文化，这种文化和我以往接触过的各类文化都截然不同。”此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Chinese culture，指代事物，从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词which。 8．考查动词时态。句意：已经学习中文近两年、每年都会和家人一起过春节的学生诺亚・埃斯金纳齐-内梅表示：“学习中文虽有难度，但也十分有趣、令人振奋。它让我得以了解中华文化，这种文化和我以往接触过的各类文化都截然不同。”此处为定语从句谓语动词，根据时间状语for almost two years可知，动作从过去持续至今，可用现在完成时，也可表示动作很有可能急需持续下去，用现在完成进行时，主语who指代先行词a student为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为has studied/has been studying。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：他希望有一天能到访中国，进一步提升自己的语言水平，同时游览国内多样的自然风光，一睹大熊猫的风采。此处为非谓语动词作状语，explore与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词exploring。 10．考查形容词。句意：卡尔迪格兰奇文法学校副校长帕特里克・亚当森表示，学习中文能让学生“不再只把中国当作一个抽象概念，而是切身接触鲜活、富有活力的中华文化”，同时“激发学生对全球多元视角的好奇心与尊重之心”。此处修饰名词perspectives，需要形容词作定语，globe对应的形容词为global，意为“全球的”。 Passage C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The supermarket chain Pangdonglai, based in Henan province, has become a model in the retail (零售) industry for its emphasis on service, employee welfare and customer experience. Compared with many traditional retailers, it attaches 1 (great) importance to meeting customers’ real needs and provides more thoughtful services 2 (create) a pleasant shopping environment. Officials have cited Pangdonglai 3 a typical case to demonstrate how good service helps boost consumer confidence. The company 4 (attract) more than one million visitors from across the country in the first half of 2026 and gained wide 5 (recognize) through good quality and service. Industry experts point out that the real purpose of business is not to make money, but to provide well-being for people. Pangdonglai has advocated sharing business 6 (gain) with workers, arguing that improving employees’ well-being can ultimately strengthen a company’s competitiveness. The company provides frontline employees with 7 average monthly take-home pay of about 9,400 yuan. Management staff generally enjoy complete two-day weekends, 8 frontline workers typically work shorter shifts and receive extensive paid-leave benefits, a welfare policy 9 (benefit) many ordinary staff members who stick to their posts. The retailer has also introduced a special prize system that offers rewards to employees 10 (treat) unfairly by customers. 【答案】 1．greater 2．to create 3．as 4．attracted 5．recognition 6．gains 7．an 8．while/and 9．benefiting 10．treated 【导语】文章主要介绍了河南连锁超市胖东来凭借对服务、员工福利和顾客体验的重视成为零售行业标杆的相关情况，包括其经营理念、取得的成果以及特色员工福利制度等内容。 【详解】 1．考查形容词比较级。句意：与许多传统零售商相比，它更加重视满足顾客的真实需求，并提供更周到的服务来营造宜人的购物环境。句中出现Compared with many traditional retailers，存在比较范围，需要用形容词great的比较级形式greater修饰名词importance。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：与许多传统零售商相比，它更加重视满足顾客的真实需求，并提供更周到的服务来营造宜人的购物环境。此处需用动词不定式to create作目的状语，说明提供更周到服务的目的。 3．考查介词。句意：官方援引胖东来作为典型案例，展示优质服务如何助力提振消费者信心。固定搭配cite sth. as sth.表示“援引……作为……”，符合语境逻辑，故用介词as。 4．考查动词时态。句意：该公司在2026年上半年吸引了来自全国各地的100多万访客，并凭借优良的品质和服务获得了广泛认可。时间状语in the first half of 2026表示过去时间，and连接并列的谓语，后文的gained为一般过去时，此处谓语动词也要用一般过去式attracted。 5．考查名词。句意：该公司在2026年上半年吸引了来自全国各地的100多万访客，并凭借优良的品质和服务获得了广泛认可。形容词wide后面需要接名词作动词gained的宾语，动词recognize的名词形式是recognition，为不可数名词，意为“认可”。 $第07讲 选择性必修第四册 词汇考点 目录 2 6 7 考点一 unit 1~unit 4 核心词汇 11 知识点1 核心单词知变形 11 知识点2　核心单词知拼写 20 考点二 unit 1~unit 4 阅读词汇 24 知识点1 阅读单词知词义 24 知识点2 核心短语知辨析 26 31 一、 真题实战 31 二、 命题演练 35 单元 核心词汇 阅读词汇 Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility barely, appointment, reliable, worthwhile, suspect, arrest, innocent, legal, principle, decent, burden, resign, guilty, ashamed, forgive, pretend, mercy, deadline, fault, integrity, discouraged, reaction, gently, competent, suit, negotiate, fold, clarify, knowledgeable, empathy, sympathy, approve, preference, embarrassed, intention, correspond, behave, tolerate, recite, fluent, cooperate, cite, integrate, oppose, intervention, pure, reject, pessimistic, tendency, sincerely, slip cigar, keen, jaw, scar, eyebrow, scarfpin, diamond, collar, bless, inch, outline, wire, anyhow, criminal, geophysicist, core, socialist, ward, substantial, mineral, superb, cheat, wrap, parcel, nephew, wrinkle, pause, embrace, phase, likewise, virtue, garbage, saving, bonus, sow, harvest, stave, starfish, jade Unit 2 Understanding each other react, gentle, competent, suit, negotiate, fold, clarify, knowledgeable, empathy, sympathy, approve, preference, embarrassed, intention, correspond, behave, tolerate, recite, fluent, cooperate, cite, integrate, oppose, intervention, pure, reject, pessimistic, tendency, sincerely, slip cupboard, creature, microscope, tube, kit, orbit, administration, comprise, scan, purse, shuttle, hydrogen, rocket, mechanic, mail, feedback, obtain, enterprise, straightforward, friction, tone, gain, gesture, precisely, vocabulary, jam, somewhat, kindergarten, accent, handwriting, fence, contest Unit 3 Careers and skills salary, labour, attain, fond, prejudice, clerk, zone, hire, budget, loan, client, plug, groundwork, premier, institute, proportion, fabric, swing, label, candidate, prior, profile, criterion, shave, mode, delay, convey, seize, rainbow, madam, gear, endeavour, receipt, weekly, monthly, subjective, directory, fibre, duration, relevant, yawn, bowling, tournament accountant, architect, botany, civil, engineer, journalism, pharmacist, surgeon, veterinary, web, workshop, craft, noble, profession, qualify, retreat, sacrifice, span, welfare, adjust, broad, deliberate, dismiss, household, instant, leadership, opponent, owe, perceive, submit Unit 4 Never too old to learn bound, refresh, register, subscribe, concrete, cease, self-worth, abstract, domain, motor, drill, random, statistic, tablet, breast, curtain, dormitory, circus, essay, paragraph, laptop, sneeze, draft, polish, drawer, bounce, forehead, blank, composition, resolve, criticize, comprehension, reasoning, assumption, occupation, qualify, prospect, competence, recreation, certificate, tight, mature, reference, presentation, extension auditory, verbal, objective, inductive, swan, vocational, institution, circuit, lamp, geometry, dizzy, cafeteria, beard, carriage, kettle, librarian, confident, envelope, media, privately, professional, switch, wardrobe, wire, accompany, adopt, antique, appeal, argue, benefit, budget, conclusion, distinguish, exhibit, gallery, inspire, landscape, masterpiece, portrait, sculpture Unit 1：Honesty and responsibility 核心词汇考情： appointment：2024年全国甲卷语法填空考查词性转换——People started queuing to make an ____________ (appoint) early in the morning. 答案appointment，考查appoint→appointment的名词转换，意为“预约，约定”。此外，2023年全国卷III完形填空中考查appoint的“任命”义（He was appointed manager）；2022年全国卷I阅读中考查“约定”义（We appointed a meeting for tomorrow），属于典型的熟词生义考查方向。高考常考搭配make an appointment with sb，语法填空重点关注appointment的可数名词用法。 suspect：2020年新高考全国卷阅读理解C篇考查——he gets a taste of police methods when suspected drug dealing。此处suspect作动词，表“怀疑”，考查be suspected of (doing) sth的被动结构。高考常考suspect sb of (doing) sth“怀疑某人做某事”，以及suspect that+从句的用法。阅读中常出现在犯罪、调查类话题中，完形填空中常与doubt形成辨析（suspect强调“觉得是真的”，doubt强调“觉得不是真的”）。 arrest：2021年全国卷I完形填空考查The police arrested the thief。高考常考arrest sb for sth“因某事逮捕某人”，以及be under arrest“被逮捕”。此外，2020年新高考I卷阅读中考查熟词生义——arrest one‘s attention，表“吸引注意力”，属于典型的熟词生义考点。 ashamed：2023年全国卷III完形填空考查She was ashamed of her mistake，考查be ashamed of“对……感到羞愧”的固定搭配。2022年全国卷III阅读中考查be ashamed to do sth“耻于做某事”。语法填空中常考ashamed与shameful、shameless的辨析，以及名词shame的转换。 阅读词汇考情 criminal：2022年全国乙卷完形填空考查creature的熟词生义时，文中出现criminal behaviour。犯罪类话题阅读中高频词，常与crime（罪行）、arrest形成同一语义场，阅读中需注意criminal既可作名词“罪犯”也可作形容词“犯罪的”。 cheat：2021年新高考I卷完形填空中出现cheat，表“作弊，欺骗”。阅读中常出现在学术诚信、考试作弊等话题中，需注意cheat既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。 命题趋势： 本单元核心词汇在高考中侧重考查词性转换（appoint→appointment）和熟词生义（arrest one‘s attention）。建议重点强化appointment的可数名词用法、suspect的两种含义辨析，以及arrest/ashamed的固定搭配训练。本单元词汇多与诚信、责任话题相关，阅读中常出现在道德故事、法律案件类文本中。 Unit 2：Understanding each other 核心词汇考情： react：2022年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇中出现react to the sugar tax，表“对……作出反应”。高考常考react to sth、react against sth（反对）、react with sth（与……起化学反应）三个搭配的辨析。语法填空常考reaction（名词）和reactive（形容词）的词性转换。 approve：2026年新课标II卷完形填空考查approve的派生词——disapproving。此外，2021年全国卷I完形填空中考查The plan was approved（“批准”义），2020年全国卷I阅读中考查I don’t approve of his behavior（“赞成”义），属于一词多义的典型考点。注意approve of sth表“赞成”，approve sth表“批准”。 correspond：高考中多次考查correspond with sth表“与……相一致”以及correspond with sb表“与某人通信”。语法填空常考corresponding（形容词）的词性转换，阅读中常出现在书信、学术对比类话题中。 competent：2025年全国新高考I卷词汇分析报告指出evaluate在近五年出现48次，competent/competence常与evaluate在同一语境中出现。语法填空常考competence（名词）和competently（副词）。 阅读词汇考情： gesture：2023年新课标I卷阅读理解中考查gesture的动词用法（gesture to sb to do sth）。阅读中常出现在跨文化交际类话题中，表“手势，姿态”。语法填空中偶有考查。 accent：2021年全国甲卷阅读中出现accent，表“口音”。跨文化交际类阅读高频词，需注意accent与dialect（方言）的辨析。 enterprise：2023年全国乙卷阅读中考查enterprise，表“企业，公司”。经济类话题高频词，阅读中常与corporation、company形成同义替换。 命题趋势： 本单元词汇在高考中侧重考查一词多义（approve的“批准”与“赞成”两种用法）和词性转换（approve→approval/disapproving）。建议重点训练react to/against/with的搭配辨析，以及approve、correspond的常见句型。本单元词汇多与跨文化交际、人际沟通话题相关，阅读中常出现在文化交流类文本中。 Unit 3：Careers and skills 核心词汇考情： candidate：2025年全国新高考I卷真题词汇分析报告中，candidate被列为出现9次的高频词。2023年真题例句为The study tracked 500 college candidates to analyze the impact of sleep quality on exam performance，此处candidate表“考生，参与者”。高考中既可指“候选人”也可指“考生”，阅读中常出现在选举、招聘、考试类话题中。 salary：2024年北京卷阅读理解中出现She earns a basic and tax-free salary，表“薪金”。高考中常考查salary（薪金，脑力劳动者）与wage（工资，体力劳动者）的辨析。阅读中常出现在职业选择、工作待遇类话题中，需注意salary通常指年薪或月薪。 endeavour：2025年全国卷词汇考查中，endeavour作为高频词出现，真题例句为After 36 years of unsuccessfully endeavoring to win the trophy, Argentina finally became the champion。此处endeavour作动词，表“努力，尽力”，阅读中常与attempt、strive形成同义替换。 qualify：高考中多次考查qualify for sth（有资格参加）、qualify as sth（取得……资格）。语法填空常考qualification（名词，常以复数形式qualifications出现）和qualified（形容词）的词性转换。阅读中常出现在招聘、教育类话题中。 budget：2025年新课标II卷阅读理解D篇考查与节能环保和可持续发展相关的话题，budget常在类似语境中出现。阅读中常出现在经济、管理类话题中，需注意budget既可作名词“预算”也可作动词“编制预算”。 阅读词汇考情： clerk：2022年全国乙卷阅读理解中出现clerk，表“职员”。职业类话题常见词，需注意与secretary（秘书）的辨析。 mode：2025年全国新高考I卷词汇分析中mode作为高频词出现。阅读中常出现在科技、生活方式类话题中，表“方式，模式”。 proportion：2023年新课标I卷阅读中出现proportion，表“比例”。数据类阅读高频词，常与percentage、ratio形成同义替换。 命题趋势： 本单元词汇在高考中侧重考查近义词辨析（salary vs wage；clerk vs secretary）和固定搭配（qualify for/as；endeavour to do）。建议重点强化candidate、salary、budget在职业类话题中的用法训练，以及qualify的词性转换（qualification/qualified）。本单元词汇与职业规划、职场技能话题紧密相关，阅读中常出现在招聘广告、职业分析类文本中。 Unit 4：Never too old to learn 核心词汇考情： bound：2021年新高考I卷阅读理解中考查be bound to do sth表“一定会做某事”，真题例句为Wherever you choose to travel, you are bound to experience the traditional Chinese culture。高考常考be bound to do sth、be bound for+地点（开往某地）两个核心搭配。阅读中常出现在旅行、预测类话题中。 register：2021年完形填空中考查You need to register an account before you can use this social media platform，表“注册”。近5年出现5次，属于高频词。语法填空常考registration（名词）的词性转换。常见搭配：register an account、register for a course、register one‘s information。 refresh：2024年新高考I卷读后续写参考答案中出现The entire experience was incredibly refreshing，表“令人耳目一新的”。语法填空常考refreshed（感到精神振作的）与refreshing（令人清爽的）的-ed/-ing形容词辨析。常见搭配：refresh oneself、refresh one’s memory。 abstract：2026年高考英语阅读+完形高频难词清单中，abstract被列为阅读高频难词，词性转换为abstraction（名词）和abstractly（副词）。语法填空常考abstract→abstraction的词性转换。常见搭配：abstract concept、abstract art。 assume：2025年浙江卷1月高考真题中考查assume，真题例句涉及participants would still assign a gender to it——they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she”。语法填空常考assumption（名词）的词性转换。常见搭配：assume that...、it is assumed that...。 阅读词汇考情： statistic：2023年全国卷阅读理解中出现statistic，表“统计数字”。数据类阅读高频词，常与data、figure形成同义替换。 draft：2022年全国卷书面表达相关材料中出现draft，表“草稿”。写作类话题常见词，需注意draft既可作名词也可作动词。 polish：2021年全国甲卷阅读中出现polish，表“润饰，修改”。写作类话题高频词，阅读中常出现在学术写作、编辑修改类文本中。 命题趋势： 本单元词汇在高考中侧重考查固定搭配（be bound to do、register an account、refresh one‘s memory）和词性转换（assume→assumption、refresh→refreshing/refreshed）。建议重点强化bound的两种句型辨析（be bound to do vs be bound for），以及refresh的-ed/-ing形容词辨析训练。本单元词汇与终身学习、自我提升话题紧密相关，阅读中常出现在教育类、成长类文本中。 考点一 unit 1-unit 4 核心词汇 知识点1 核心单词知变形 【高考导航】 1. (2024·新课标I卷·阅读理解A) Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed, and groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. 18岁以下的志愿者必须让家长或监护人签署批准栏，五人及以上的团体需要特殊安排并必须提前确认。 2. (2025·全国一卷·语法填空) A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture of respect for the other side. 一位得体的赢家总是试图以不超过一两分的优势击败对手，以示对对方的尊重。 3. (2020·全国I卷·完形填空) Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The reason is obvious. If we admit it is a door, they’ll want to go outside constantly. 自从我们的双胞胎开始学走路以来，我和妻子一直告诉他们我们的滑动玻璃门只是一扇窗户。原因很明显。如果我们承认它是门，他们就会不停地想出去。 4. (2020·全国I卷·阅读理解) Returning to a book you‘ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don‘t change, people do. 重新翻开一本你读过很多遍的书，感觉就像和老朋友喝酒。有一种令人愉悦的熟悉感——但有时也会有一丝怀疑，觉得时间已经改变了你们俩，也因此改变了你们的关系。但书不会变，人会变。  5. (2024·新课标I卷·阅读理解A) Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. 栖息地恢复团队的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊与山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。 6. (2024·新课标I卷·阅读理解C) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. 印刷阅读的优势在实验者从简单任务（如识别阅读段落的主旨）转向需要抽象思维的任务（如从文本中推断）时尤为明显。 7. (2024·北京卷·七选五) Evaluating Sources of Health Information. Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. 评估健康信息来源。对自己的健康做出明智选择需要合理的评估。提高评估能力的关键第一步是仔细审视你的健康信息来源。 8. (2024·新课标I卷·阅读理解C) However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn‘t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 然而，在需要精神专注和反思以最大化学习效果时，教育者不应该假定所有媒体都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的文字。 Unit 1 1.barely adv.刚好;仅仅,勉强可能;几乎不;刚才→bare adj.光秃秃的;裸露的→bareness n.裸露 2.appointment n.约定,约会;任命,委任;职务→appoint v.任命;指定;约定→appointed adj.指定的;被委派的 3.reliable adj.可信赖的,可依靠的;真实可信的,可靠的→rely v.依靠→reliability n.可靠性→reliably adv.可靠地 4.bless vt.(表示惊奇);祝福→blessing n.祝福;祷告→blessed adj.愉快安宁的;无忧无虑的 5.criminal n.罪犯 adj.犯法的,犯罪的;刑事的;不道德的→crime n.罪行;犯罪活动 6.innocent adj.无辜的,清白的,无罪的;天真无邪的,纯真的n.无辜者,单纯的人→innocence n.清白;天真无邪 7.legal adj.合法的;法律的→legally adv.合法地;法律上地→legalize vt.使合法化→[反义词] illegal adj.非法的 8.socialist adj.社会主义的 n.社会主义者→socialism n.社会主义→social adj.社会的→society n.社会;社团;学会 9.photographer n.摄影师,拍照者→photography n.摄影;摄影术 10.guilty adj.感到内疚的,感到惭愧的;有罪的,有过失的→guilt n.犯罪;过失→guiltless adj.无罪的 11.ashamed adj.惭愧,羞愧,尴尬→shame n.羞耻vt.使丢脸→shameful adj.可耻的;丢脸的→shameless adj.无耻的 12.disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的→disappoint v.使失望→disappointment n.失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的 13.mercy n.仁慈,宽恕→merciful adj.仁慈的;宽容的→merciless adj.残忍的 14.guidance n.指导;导航→guide n.指南;向导 vt.引导;带领 15.organic adj.有机的,统一的;绿色的,不使用化肥的;生物的→organism n.有机体;生物 16.discouraged adj.灰心的→discourage vt.阻止;使气馁→discouraging adj.令人泄气的→discouragement n.气馁;挫折;劝阻 速效练笔 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The walls were completely ________________ (bare), and he ________________ (bare) had time to decorate them; the ________________ (bare) of the room made it feel cold. 2. They ________________ (appoint) her as manager last week, and her ________________ (appoint) was announced; at the ________________ (appoint) time, she took office. 3. He is a ________________ (rely) friend, so you can ________________ (rely) on him; his ________________ (rely) has been tested, and he always acts ________________ (rely). 4. We ________________ (bless) with good health; it is a great ________________ (bless) to live such a ________________ (bless) life. 5. The ________________ (crime) was found ________________ (guilt) of the ________________ (crime), but he insisted on his ________________ (innocent); his ________________ (guilt) was obvious, though he never admitted it, and he even claimed to be ________________ (guiltless). 6. The action was ________________ (legal), so the company was ________________ (legal) required to stop it; they tried to ________________ (legal) the practice, but it remained ________________ (legal). 7. The ________________ (photograph) took pictures of a ________________ (social) society, and his ________________ (photograph) reflects ________________ (social) issues; he is a ________________ (social) who believes in ________________ (social), and he hopes to serve ________________ (social). 8. He felt ________________ (ashamed) of his ________________ (shameful) behavior, and his ________________ (shameless) attitude showed no ________________ (shame). 9. The result ________________ (disappoint) us; it was a ________________ (disappoint) ending, and we were deeply ________________ (disappoint), which was a great ________________ (disappoint). Don't be ________________ (discourage) by the ________________ (discourage) news; it may cause ________________ (discourage), but don't let it ________________ (discourage) you. 10. Under the ________________ (guide) of a ________________ (mercy) teacher, the students followed the ________________ (guide) and studied ________________ (organism) in the ________________ (organic) soil; the teacher was ________________ (mercy) to them, but ________________ (mercy) to laziness. Unit 2 1.react vi.(对…)作出反应;有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应→reaction n.反应→reactive adj.反应的;活性的 2.gentle adj.温柔的;温和的;柔和的→gentleness n.温顺→gently adv.温柔地 3.competent adj.足以胜任的,有能力的,称职的→compete v.竞争;争夺→competence n.能力,胜任→competition n.比赛;竞赛→competitive adj.竞争的;有竞争力的 4.suit vt.满足需要;相配,合身 n.套装,西装,西服→suitable adj.合适的 5.negotiate vi.& vt.谈判;商定,达成(协议)→negotiation n.谈判,磋商→negotiable adj.可协商的 6.fold vt.折叠,对折;包,裹 n.褶,褶层,折叠部分→folder n.文件夹→folded adj.折叠的→[反义词] unfold v.(使)展开;(使)逐渐展现 7.clarify vt.使更清晰易懂,阐明→clarity n.清晰,清楚→clarified adj.澄清的;透明的 8.knowledgeable adj.博学的,有见识的→knowledge n.知识,学问;了解,知道 9.empathy n.同感,共鸣,同情→empathize vi.有同感,产生共鸣→empathetic adj.有同感的 10.sympathy n.同情;赞同→sympathize v.同情→sympathetic adj.同情的 11.approve vi.& vt.赞成;批准,通过(计划、要求等)→approval n.批准→approved adj.得到正式认可的 12.preference n.偏爱;偏爱的事物→prefer v.更喜爱;宁愿→preferred/preferable adj.更合意的,更好的 13.embarrassed adj.窘迫的,尴尬的;拮据的→embarrass v.使尴尬,使为难→embarrassment n.尴尬;使人难堪的人(或事)→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的 14.intention n.意图,计划→intend v.打算,想要→intended adj.预期的,打算的 15.correspond vi.类似于;相一致,符合;通信→corresponding adj.相应的 16.behave vi.& vt.表现得体,有礼貌;表现→behavior n.行为;举止→well-behaved adj.行为端正的;彬彬有礼的 17.tolerate vt.容许,允许;忍受,容忍;能经受→tolerant adj.宽容的→tolerance n.宽容,容忍 18.recite vt.吟诵;列举→recitation n.背诵;朗诵;逐一列举 19.fluent adj.(尤指外语)流利的,熟练的→fluency n.流利;娴熟→fluently adv.流利地;通畅地 20.cooperate vi.合作,协作;协助,配合→cooperation n.合作;协助→cooperative adj.合作的;协作的 21.cite vt.提及,列举;引用,引述→citation n.引文;引证 22.integrate vt.& vi.(使)合并;(使)加入→integration n.结合;融合→integrity n.诚实正直;完整,完好 23.oppose vt.反对,抵制;与…对垒→opposition n.反对,反抗;对手→opposed adj.相反的;敌对的→opposite adj.相反的;对面的 24.intervention n.干涉行为,干预→intervene v.干预,干涉;阻挠 25.pure adj.纯净的;完全的→purity n.洁净,纯净→purify v.净化 26.reject vt.拒绝接受,不予考虑;不录用;排斥,排异→rejection n.嫌弃;拒绝→rejective adj.拒绝的,排斥的 27.pessimistic adj.悲观的,悲观主义的→pessimism n.悲观情绪;悲观主义→pessimist n.悲观主义者 28.tendency n.趋势,趋向;倾向,偏好→tend v.倾向于;照顾 29.sincerely adv.真诚地,诚实地→sincere adj.真诚的→sincerity n.真诚;真挚 30.slip vi.滑倒;滑落;溜;陷入 n.差错;纸条;滑跤→slippery adj.湿滑的;不可靠的→slipper n.拖鞋 速效练笔 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. When exposed to certain chemicals, some people may ____________ (react) badly, and their skin can become highly ____________ (react); the nurse therefore spoke to them ____________ (gentle) and with unexpected ____________ (gentle). 2. To remain ____________ (compete) in the job market, graduates must demonstrate professional ____________ (compete) and ____________ (compete) with others; only the most ____________ (compete) candidates survive the fierce ____________ (compete), so a dark formal ____________ (suit) may not ____________ (suit) every interviewer, and choosing a ____________ (suit) outfit matters. 3. The two companies are ____________ (negotiate) a new contract; the ____________ (negotiate) may be long, but the price is still ____________ (negotiate). Meanwhile, she ____________ (fold) the agreement and put it in a ____________ (fold); when she ____________ (fold) it later, the ____________ (fold) paper was still neat. 4. The teacher ____________ (clarify) the confusing rule to improve students’ ____________ (clarify); her ____________ (clarify) explanation showed that she was not only ____________ (knowledge) but also skilled at sharing ____________ (knowledge). 5. Good doctors are not only ____________ (empathy) but also ____________ (sympathy); they ____________ (empathy) with patients, show genuine ____________ (empathy), and ____________ (sympathy) with their families, expressing sincere ____________ (sympathy). 6. The committee ____________ (approve) the plan last week, but final ____________ (approve) is still required; only ____________ (approve) projects can receive funds. As for me, I ____________ (preference) the second plan, though my ____________ (preference) may not be ____________ (prefer) to everyone. 7. His ____________ (embarrass) question ____________ (embarrass) me, and my ____________ (embarrass) was obvious; I felt deeply ____________ (embarrass). I had no ____________ (intention) of hurting him, for I only ____________ (intention) to ask a simple question, and the ____________ (intention) meaning was quite different. 8. His account of the event ____________ (correspond) with the facts, and the ____________ (correspond) evidence supports it. The children ____________ (behave) well throughout the visit, and their ____________ (behave) was praised; they were indeed ____________ (behave) pupils. 9. A good teacher must ____________ (tolerate) different opinions and remain ____________ (tolerate) of slower learners; such ____________ (tolerate) creates a safe classroom. In class, students were asked to ____________ (recite) the poem, and their ____________ (recite) impressed everyone. 10. She speaks English ____________ (fluent), and her ____________ (fluent) in the language is impressive; she is also a ____________ (fluent) speaker. If we ____________ (cooperate) with one another, our ____________ (cooperate) will be more effective, and the team will become more ____________ (cooperate). 11. In your essay, you should ____________ (cite) reliable sources, and each ____________ (cite) must be properly formatted. Schools should help students ____________ (integrate) knowledge from different subjects; such ____________ (integrate) is valuable, and it also develops academic ____________ (integrity). 12. Many local residents ____________ (oppose) the new factory, and their ____________ (oppose) has delayed the project; those who are ____________ (oppose) to it live on the ____________ (oppose) side of the river. The government’s ____________ (intervene) was necessary, but critics said it should not ____________ (intervention) in private business. 13. This mountain spring is famous for its ____________ (pure) water, and scientists test its ____________ (pure) regularly; they use special filters to ____________ (pure) it. His application was ____________ (reject) because he lacked experience, and the ____________ (reject) hurt him, but he remained open-minded rather than ____________ (reject) of criticism. 14. He is such a ____________ (pessimism) that he always expects the worst; his ____________ (pessimistic) has influenced the team, and his remarks sound ____________ (pessimism). There is a growing ____________ (tend) among young people to work remotely, and they ____________ (tendency) to value freedom more than high pay. 15. I ____________ (sincere) hope you will accept my apology; please believe in my ____________ (sincere), for my ____________ (sincere) regret is genuine. Be careful not to ____________ (slip) on the wet floor, which becomes extremely ____________ (slip) after rain; I almost lost one of my ____________ (slip) there. Unit 3 1.passion n.酷爱;强烈情感→passionate adj.热情的→passionately adv.热情地;激动地 2.anticipate vt.预料;预计→anticipated adj.预期的→anticipation n.期待;预期 3.superior adj.更好的,占优势的 n.级别(或地位、职位)更高的人→superiority n.优越,优势 4.lawyer n.律师→law n.法律;规律→lawful adj.合法的 5.servant n.雇员,职员;仆人→serve v.为…服务→service n.服务→server n.服务器 6.consultant n.顾问;会诊医师→consult v.咨询;请教→consultation n.商讨,磋商 7.receptionist n.接待员→reception n.接待;接收→receptive adj.(对观点、建议等)愿意倾听的,乐于接受的 8.respective adj.分别的,各自的→respectively adv.分别地→respect n.方面,着眼点 9.operate vt.操作,使运行 vi.运转,工作;经营,营业→operation n.操作;手术→operator n.操作员 10.leadership n.领导应有的品质;领导地位→lead v.领导→leader n.领导人→leading adj.领先的 11.commercial adj.商业的,贸易的;盈利的;商业性的→commerce n.商业→commercially adv.商业上地→commercialize v.使商业化→commercialized adj.商业化的 12.detective n.侦探,警探→detect v.察觉;检测→detection n.发现;侦破(案件) 13.qualification n.资格,资历;学历;合格,达到标准→qualify v.取得资格(或学历)→qualified adj.合格的 14.applicant n.申请人→apply v.申请;应用→application n.申请;应用 15.concisely adv.简明地,简练地,简洁地→concise adj.简洁的 16.refreshed adj.恢复了精力的,精神振作的→refresh v.使恢复精神→refreshment n.恢复活力 17.rude adj.粗鲁的,无礼的,粗野的→rudeness n.粗鲁→rudely adv.无礼地;粗鲁地 18.justify vt.对…作出解释,为…辩解;证明…正确→just adj.公正的,合理的→justice n.公平;正义→justified adj.有正当理由的→justification n.正当理由,合理解释 19.infer vt.推断,推论,推理→inference n.推理;推论→inferential adj.推理的;推论的 20.firm adj.强有力的,坚决的;坚固的;坚定的;牢固的 n.商行,公司→firmness n.坚定;坚固→firmly adv.坚定地 21.genuine adj.真诚的,可信赖的;真的,名副其实的→genuineness n.真诚→genuinely adv.真诚地 22.corporate adj.公司的;全体的,共同的→corporation n.公司;法人(团体) 23.temporary adj.临时的,短暂的→temporarily adv.临时地→[反义词]permanent adj.永久的 速效练笔 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. After a good rest, she felt ________________ (refresh) and full of ________________ (passion); she spoke ________________ (passionate) about her work, and her ________________ (passion) speech moved everyone; some light ________________ (refresh) was served. 2. We ________________ (anticipate) the ________________ (superior) of their product, but the ________________ (anticipate) price was higher than expected; everyone waited in great ________________ (anticipate), yet their service is ________________ (superior) to ours. 3. The ________________ (law) argued that his client had broken no ________________ (law), and the action was ________________ (law); however, the judge demanded a ________________ (just) for it, and although the decision seemed ________________ (just), it was not ________________ (justify). 4. The ________________ (serve) in the hotel was poor because one ________________ (serve) was ________________ (rude) to guests and spoke ________________ (rude) to them; his ________________ (rude) shocked everyone, and even the computer ________________ (serve) failed. 5. After ________________ (consult) a famous ________________ (consult), the ________________ (reception) arranged a ________________ (consult) with the manager; she was very ________________ (reception) to our suggestions, and the ________________ (reception) area was clean. 6. Their ________________ (respect) duties are different; they ________________ (operate) the machines ________________ (respect), and in this ________________ (respect), a skilled ________________ (operate) is essential; the whole ________________ (operate) went smoothly. 7. Under the ________________ (lead) of a strong ________________ (lead), the ________________ (corporation) changed its ________________ (corporate) culture and became a ________________ (lead) company; a good leader must ________________ (lead) by example. 8. The world of ________________ (commerce) depends on ________________ (commerce) activities; the center is a ________________ (commerce) success and is ________________ (commerce) managed, but some say the festival has been ________________ (commerce). 9. The manager ________________ (firm) believed that ________________ (firm) was necessary, and he spoke ________________ (firm) to his partners; as a ________________ (firm), the company stood ________________ (firm) in the market. 10. The ________________ (detect) ________________ (detect) a hidden clue and made an ________________ (infer) from it; his ________________ (infer) reasoning led to the ________________ (detect) of the criminal. 11. The ________________ (apply) met all the ________________ (qualify) requirements and was highly ________________ (qualify); he submitted his ________________ (apply) online and hoped to ________________ (qualify) for the post. 12. This is only a ________________ (temporary) solution; it will work ________________ (temporary), but we need a ________________ (permanent) one. 13. Her ________________ (genuine) smile showed her ________________ (genuine), and she was ________________ (genuine) grateful for our help. 14. He gave a ________________ (concise) report and spoke ________________ (concise); his ________________ (concise) style was appreciated by everyone. 15. The two winners received their prizes ________________ (respect), and they were treated with great ________________ (respect) in every ________________ (respect). Unit 4 1.composition n.构图;构成,成分;作品;作曲艺术→compose v.构成;撰写→composer n.作曲家 2.educator n.教育家;教育工作者→educate v.教育;教导→education n.教育→educational adj.有教育意义的→educated adj.受过教育的 3.Confucius n.孔子→Confucian adj.孔子学说的;儒家的→Confucianism n.儒家思想 4.resolve vt.& vi.解决;表决;决心,决定 n.决心,坚定的信念→resolution n.决心→resolutely adv.坚决地 5.criticize vt.& vi.批评,批判,挑剔,指责;评价→criticism n.批评→critic n.批评家→critical adj.批判的;关键的 6.inquire vi.& vt.询问,打听→inquiry n.探究;调查→inquiring adj.询问的,爱追究的 7.comprehension n.理解力,领悟能力;理解练习→comprehensive adj.综合性的;有理解力的 8.reasoning n.推理,理性的观点,论证→reason v.推理→reasonable adj.合理的→reasonably adv.合理地→reasonless adj.不合理的;无推理能力的 9.assumption n.假定,假设→assume v.假设→assumed adj.假定的→assuming conj.假设…为真 10.occupation n.工作,职业;消遣;侵占,占领期;使用→occupy v.占领→occupied adj.已占用的→occupant n.占用者;居住者→occupancy n.居住;占用→occupational adj.职业的 11.qualify vt.使合格,使具备资格 vi.取得资格(或学历),合格→qualified adj.合格的→qualification n.资格 12.prospect n.成功的机会,前景;可能性→prospective adj.未来的;预期的 13.competence n.能力,胜任→competent adj.有能力的→competently adv.胜任地;适合地 14.recreation n.娱乐,消遣→recreate v.娱乐;消遣→recreational adj.娱乐的;消遣的 15.certificate n.文凭,结业证书;证明,证明书→certify v.证明,证实→certified adj.被证明的→certification n.证明 16.tight adv.紧紧地,牢固地 adj.牢固的;严格的;密集的;亲密的→tighten v.变紧;绷紧→tightly adv.紧紧地;坚固地→tightness n.紧密,坚固 17.mature adj.明白事理的,成熟的 vi.成熟,长成;有判断力→maturity n.成熟→[反义词] immature adj.不成熟的 18.reference n.参考;提到;推荐信vt.查阅,参考→refer v.参考;涉及;提到→referable adj.可参考的 19.presentation n.幻灯片演示;提交,授予;展示会;演出→present v.赠送;呈现→presenter n.节目主持人;演讲人 20.extension n.(为非全日制学生开设的)进修部,进修课;扩大,延伸→extend v.延伸→extensive adj.广泛的;大量的→extended adj.延长了的;扩展了的 速效练笔 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The young ________________ (compose) spent months on the ________________ (compose) of his new work, which was ________________ (compose) of four movements; as an ________________ (educate), he believes that ________________ (educate) should ________________ (educate) children to become ________________ (educate) citizens, and the documentary is highly ________________ (education). 2. ________________ (Confucius) is a great thinker, and his ________________ (Confucian) ideas are central to ________________ (Confucianism); the committee ________________ (resolve) the problem after a long debate, and their ________________ (resolve) was firm, so they acted ________________ (resolutely). 3. Parents often ________________ (criticize) their children, but unfair ________________ (criticize) can hurt; a good ________________ (critic) should be ________________ (critical) rather than cruel. He ________________ (inquire) about the job, and his ________________ (inquire) was answered politely; the ________________ (inquire) look on his face showed he wanted details. 4. The ________________ (comprehensive) survey covers many topics, and it tests readers’ ________________ (comprehension); he ________________ (reason) carefully before making a decision, and his ________________ (reason) was sound, so his conclusion was ________________ (reason) and explained ________________ (reason), unlike the opponent’s ________________ (reason) claim. 5. The ________________ (assume) that he was guilty proved false; we should not ________________ (assume) things without evidence, and the ________________ (assume) result was misleading. ________________ (assume) that he is honest, we lent him money. Her ________________ (occupy) as a doctor is demanding; she ________________ (occupy) herself with patients all day, and every room is ________________ (occupy); the ________________ (occupy) of the building must pay rent, and its ________________ (occupy) rate is high; she also suffers from ________________ (occupy) stress. 6. To ________________ (qualify) as a teacher, one must meet certain ________________ (qualify), and only ________________ (qualify) candidates will be hired; the ________________ (prospect) of promotion attracts many ________________ (prospect) applicants. She is a ________________ (competence) manager and handles problems ________________ (competence); her ________________ (competence) is widely recognized. 7. For ________________ (recreation), they often ________________ (recreate) outdoors; the park offers many ________________ (recreation) facilities. He is very ________________ (mature) for his age, but his brother is quite ________________ (mature); the experience helped him ________________ (mature) quickly, and he will reach full ________________ (mature) soon. 8. The lid was ________________ (tight) fixed, so he ________________ (tight) it ________________ (tight); the ________________ (tight) of the seal prevented air from entering. The ________________ (certify) was ________________ (certify) by the board, and her ________________ (certify) was officially recognized; she received a ________________ (certify) document. 9. The writer made a ________________ (reference) to a study, and readers can ________________ (refer) to the bibliography; the details are ________________ (refer) to the appendix. The ________________ (present) gave a clear ________________ (present), and he ________________ (present) his ideas confidently; the ________________ (present) was well received. 10. The university’s ________________ (extend) program offers ________________ (extend) courses; it plans to ________________ (extend) its campus, and the project has received ________________ (extend) support. The young ________________ (compose) spent months on the ________________ (compose) of his new work, which was ________________ (compose) of four movements. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 知识点2　核心单词知拼写 Unit 1 1.keen　 adj.灵敏的,敏锐的;渴望,热切,热衷于 2.scar n.伤疤;(精神上的)创伤;污点 3.worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等),重要的,令人愉快的 4.inch n.英寸;少量,短距离 5.outline vt.概述,略述n.概述;轮廓线,略图 6.suspect vt.& vi.疑有,觉得n.嫌疑犯,可疑对象 7.arrest n.& vt.逮捕,拘捕 8.wire vt.给(某人)打电报;接通(电源)n.金属丝;电线;铁丝网 9.anyhow adv.不过,总之;尽管;而且;随便地 10.principle n.道德原则;法则;信条 11.decent adj.正派的,合乎礼节的;得体的,适当的 12.burden n.(义务、责任等的)重担,负担 13.core adj.核心的;最重要的n.核心,最重要的部分 14.resign vt.& vi.辞职,辞去 15.ward n.病房 16.substantial adj.大量的,价值巨大的;结实的,牢固的 17.mineral n.矿物,矿物质 18.superb adj.极佳的,卓越的,质量极高的 19.forgive vt.& vi.(forgave,forgiven)原谅,宽恕;免除(债务) 20.cheat vt.欺骗,蒙骗 vi.作弊,舞弊 21.wrap vt.包,裹;用…缠绕n.披肩,围巾;包裹材料 22.parcel n.包裹,小包;一块地vt.裹好,打包 23.nephew n.侄子,外甥 24.wrinkle n.皱纹;褶皱,皱痕vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹,皱起 25.pause vi.停顿,暂停n.停顿,停顿的时间 26.pretend vi.& vt.假装;装扮,扮作;自诩,自认为 27.embrace vt.& vi.欣然接受;包含;拥抱 28.phase n.阶段,时期 29.likewise adv.同样地;也,而且 30.deadline n.最后期限,截止日期 31.fault n.过错,责任;弱点,缺点 32.virtue n.美德;正直的品性;优点 33.integrity n.诚实正直;完整,完好 34.garbage n.垃圾;废话 35.saving n.节省物,节省;储蓄金 36.bonus n.意外收获;奖金,红利 37.sow vt.& vi.(sowed,sown)播种,种 38.harvest n.收成,收获量;收获季节,收割vt.& vi.收割,捕猎 短文故事识记 我从小就____________（渴望）成为一名侦探。一场火灾在我手臂上留下____________（伤疤），但我觉得查明真相是____________（值得的）。每次办案，我都会先____________（概述）现场，仔细检查每一____________（英寸）土地，并____________（怀疑）那个拥有____________（大量的）财产的商人。警方决定____________（逮捕）他，因为在他的____________（包裹）里发现了一根____________（电线）。____________（不过），他____________（假装）无辜，____________（拥抱）妻子后____________（停顿）片刻，说他宁愿____________（辞职）也不违背自己的道德____________（原则）。他住在医院____________（病房），由一位____________（正派的）护士照顾。护士认为他的____________（核心）问题是贪婪，这成了家庭的____________（负担）。他试图走私____________（矿物），（作弊）获取（奖金）。他打算春天____________（播种），秋天____________（收割）。他的____________（侄子）帮他____________（包，裹）礼物，包装纸布满____________（皱纹）。他请求____________（原谅），但____________（同样地），法律不会宽恕。他的____________（过错）是缺乏____________（正直）。在____________（截止日期）前，他只能清理____________（垃圾）。他的____________（储蓄）和____________（美德）都不能救他。这个____________（阶段）让我明白，____________（极佳的）人生需要诚实。 Unit 2 1.mail　 n.电子邮件;邮政;邮件 2.feedback n.反馈的意见(或信息) 3.obtain vt.获得,赢得 4.enterprise n.公司,企业;规划,事业 5.straightforward adj.坦诚的;简单的 6.friction n.争执;摩擦;摩擦力 7.tone n.语气,腔调;风格,特色 8.gain vt.& vi.获得;增进,增长;(从…中)受益n.好处,利益 9.gesture n.手势,姿势;姿态,表示vi.& vt.做手势,用手势表示 10.precisely adv.准确地,恰好地;细心地;正是,确实 11.vocabulary n.词汇,词汇量 12.jam n.果酱;拥挤,堵塞 13.somewhat adv.有点,有几分,稍微 14.kindergarten n.学前班;幼儿园 15.accent n.口音,腔调;重音;着重点,强调 16.handwriting n.手写,书写;笔迹,书法 17.fence n.栅栏,篱笆 18.contest n.比赛,竞赛;争夺,竞争vt.争取赢得;争辩,就…提出异议 短文故事识记 我在一家小型____________（公司，企业）担任英语培训师，也在____________（幼儿园）兼职。今天早上，我打开____________（电子邮件），收到一封家长____________（反馈意见）。信中的____________（语气）很____________（坦诚的；简单的），说孩子们在____________（词汇）和____________（手写）上有进步，但课间有些____________（争执；摩擦）。家长用____________（手势）表示，希望我们____________（获得）更多资源。恰好，我们____________（准确地）赢得了一个教学____________（比赛），这让我们____________（获得；受益）了信心。虽然奖金____________（有点）少，但我们用它在____________（栅栏）旁布置了新教室，还准备了一些____________（果酱）给孩子们。为了避免门口拥挤，我们调整了时间。通过这次经历，我明白，标准的____________（口音）不是最重要的，真诚沟通才是关键。 Unit 3 1.salary　 n.薪金,薪水 2.labour n.劳工;劳动,(尤指)体力劳动;分娩期,分娩vi.努力做;干苦力活 3.attain vt.获得;达到 4.fond adj.喜爱 5.prejudice n.偏见,成见 6.clerk n.职员,簿记员,文书 7.zone n.地区;区域 8.hire vt.& vi.聘用,雇用;租用n.新雇员;租借 9.budget n.预算 10.loan n.贷款,借款;借出vt.借出,贷与(尤指钱) 11.client n.客户,委托人 12.plug vt.补足,供给;堵塞,封堵n.插头;插座 13.groundwork n.基础工作,准备工作 14.premier adj.最著名的,最成功的,第一的n.首相,总理 15.institute n.机构,机构建筑vt.建立,制定(体系、政策等) 16.proportion n.正确的比例;部分,份额;比例;体积,面积 17.fabric n.织物,布料 18.swing vi.& vt.(swung,swung)(使)改变;(使)摆动,摇摆n.改变;摆动;秋千 19.label n.标签;(不恰当的)称谓vt.贴标签于;(尤指不公正地)把…称为 20.candidate n.候选人;应试者;被认定适合者 21.prior adj.在前的;优先的,占先的 22.profile n.概述;形象;侧面轮廓vt.概述,写简介 23.criterion n.(pl.criteria) 标准,准则 24.shave n.刮脸,剃须vi.& vt.剃(须发),刮脸 25.mode n.方式,风格,样式 26.delay n.延迟的时间;延期,耽搁vi.& vt.延迟,延期;使迟到,使拖延 27.convey vt.表达,传递;传送,运送 28.seize vt.抓住,把握;捉住,夺;攻占;没收 29.rainbow n.虹,彩虹 30.madam n.女士,夫人 短文故事识记 在城市的商业____________（区域）里，一家著名设计____________（机构）发布了一份招聘____________（概述）。招聘的____________（标准）包括工作经验，有____________（在前的）经验者优先。作为一名____________（候选人），我对服装设计很____________（喜爱），曾在一家纺织公司做____________（职员），每天从事____________（劳动），希望____________（获得）更高的____________（薪水）。为了这次面试，我做了大量____________（基础工作），制定了____________（预算），还向银行申请了____________（贷款）。公司决定____________（聘用）我，因为我能用恰当的____________（方式）（表达）想法，并善于处理与（客户）的关系。有人对年轻人有____________（偏见），但我用真诚消除它。面试前，我决定先____________（刮脸），并穿上用优质____________（织物）做的西装，还检查了衣服上的____________（标签）。我把____________（插头）插入插座，打开台灯。史密斯____________（女士），即公司____________（最著名的）设计师，告诉我时尚潮流总在____________（改变），设计要讲究____________（比例），更要敢于____________（抓住）机会，不要____________（延迟）。她的话像____________（彩虹）一样给我希望。 Unit 4 1.bound　 adj.一定会,很可能会;有义务(做某事) 2.refresh vt.使变新;使恢复精力;使想起 3.register vi.& vt.登记,注册n.语体风格,语域;登记表 4.subscribe vi.订阅;定期订购(或订阅等) 5.concrete adj.确实的,具体的;有形的,实在的n.混凝土 6.cease vi.& vt.(使)停止,终止,结束 7.self-worth n.自我价值感 8.abstract adj.抽象的,纯理论的vt.把…抽象出,提取 9.domain n.领域,范围;领土;域 10.motor adj.机动车的,汽车的n.发动机,马达 11.drill vt.& vi.培训,训练;钻(孔)n.练习,训练;钻,钻头 12.random adj.随机的;辨认不出的;不合常理的 13.statistic n.统计数字,统计资料 14.tablet n.平板电脑;药片 15.breast n.胸部,胸脯 16.curtain n.幕,帷幕;窗帘;帘,幔;覆盖物 17.dormitory n.学生宿舍,集体宿舍 18.circus n.热闹场面;马戏团 19.essay n.文章,短文 20.paragraph n.段,段落 21.laptop n.笔记本电脑,便携式电脑 22.sneeze vi.打喷嚏n.喷嚏,喷嚏声 23.draft n.草稿,草案,草图vt.起草,草拟 24.polish vt.& vi.修改,润饰;擦光,磨光n.抛光,上光;完美,娴熟,精湛 25.drawer n.抽屉 26.bounce vt.(向某人)试探地透露(主意)vi.跳动n.弹跳;活力 27.forehead n.额,前额 短文故事识记 在____________（学生宿舍）里，我坐在____________（抽屉）前，用____________（笔记本电脑）写一篇____________（文章）。我____________（一定会）在截止日期前完成，但初稿只是____________（草稿）。我先写了一个____________（段落），内容涉及一个____________（抽象的）概念。为了获得____________（具体的）数据，我查了____________（统计数字），并浏览了该____________（领域）的资料。我感到有点累，于是打开____________（窗帘）让阳光____________（使恢复精力）。我揉了揉____________（前额），忍不住打了个____________（喷嚏）。我____________（登记）了一个在线课程，并____________（订阅）了学术期刊。我____________（停止）闲聊，专心____________（润饰）文字。我的____________（自我价值感）不该建立在____________（随机的）评价上。室友在____________（训练）____________（机动车的）维修技能，宿舍里的____________（热闹场面）。他向我____________（试探地透露）一个主意：用____________（平板电脑）看视频，吃一片____________（药片）。我摸了摸____________（胸部），笑了笑。这个____________（语体风格）不适合学术写作。 考点二 unit 1~unit 4 阅读词汇 知识点1 阅读单词知词义 Unit 1 2 / 2 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.cigar n. 雪茄烟 2.jaw n. 下巴;颌 3.eyebrow n. 眉毛 4.scarfpin n. 围巾夹,领带别针 5.diamond n. 钻石 6.collar n. 衣领;颈圈;圈,箍 7.geophysicist n. 地球物理学家 8.bow n. 蝴蝶结;弓 vi.鞠躬;低(头) 9.sew vi.& vt.(sewed,sewn)缝,做针线活;缝上 10.privilegen.荣幸;特殊利益vt.给予特权,特别优待 11.anchor n. 锚;给以安全感的人(或物)vi.& vt.抛锚;使固定 12.starfish n. 海星,星鱼 13.jade n. 玉,碧玉 14.rejoice vi.& vt.非常高兴,深感欣喜 15.quote n. 引语 vt.& vi. 引用,引述;举例说明 Unit 1 Our neighbour, a retired ____________ (geophysicist), has a strong ____________ (jaw) and a thick left ____________ (eyebrow). He often wears a diamond ____________ (scarfpin) on his ____________ (collar) and smokes a ____________ (cigar) on his boat. One day, he gave us the ____________ (privilege) of joining him. He dropped the ____________ (anchor) near a reef, where we saw a red ____________ (starfish) and a piece of green ____________ (jade). To thank us, he made a deep ____________ (bow), then began to ____________ (sew) a button onto his coat. “Joy is the best treasure,” was his favourite ____________ (quote). We all ____________ (rejoice) at his words. Unit 2 1.encode vt.把…编码;把…译成电码 (或密码)  2.decode vt.解 (码),破译 (尤指密码)  3.taboo n.禁忌,忌讳;禁止,避讳 4.bacon n.咸猪肉,熏猪肉 5.tank n.坦克;(贮放液体或气体的) 罐  6.golf n.高尔夫球运动 7.tribe n.部落 8.linguist n.语言学家;通晓数国语言的人 9.skateboard n.滑板 10.canteen n.食堂,餐厅 Unit 2 A young ____________ (linguist) went to study a remote ____________ (tribe). He tried to ____________ (encode) their songs into symbols and ____________ (decode) their ancient messages. He soon learned that asking about certain names was a ____________ (taboo). At noon, he ate ____________ (bacon) in the village ____________ (canteen). Outside, children were riding a ____________ (skateboard) beside a large water ____________ (tank). In the afternoon, some visitors arrived to play ____________ (golf). The linguist smiled: language and culture are everywhere. Unit 3 1.gear　vt.使适合于 n.排挡,齿轮,传动装置 2.endeavour vi.努力,尽力 n.努力,尝试 3.receipt n.收到的款项,收入;收据 4.weekly adj.每周的 adv.每周地n.周报,周刊 5.monthly adj.每月的adv.每个月 n.月刊 6.subjective adj.主观的 7.directory n.名录,电话号码簿,公司名录 8.fibre n.纤维制品;纤维素;纤维 9.duration n.持续时间,期间 10.relevant adj.紧密相关的,切题的;有价值的,有意义的 11.yawn vi.打哈欠 12.bowling n.保龄球运动 13.tournament n.锦标赛 Unit 3 To prepare for a ____________ (bowling) ____________ (tournament), I train ____________ (weekly) and make a ____________ (monthly) plan. My coach helps me choose the right ____________ (gear) and says I must ____________ (endeavour) to improve. The ____________ (duration) of each practice is over three hours. After training, I get a ____________ (receipt) at the club and check the ____________ (directory) for the next match. Some judges may be ____________ (subjective), but their comments are ____________ (relevant) to my skills. My sportswear contains special ____________ (fibre), and when I am tired, I ____________ (yawn). In the end, all my efforts are worth it. Unit 4 1.auditory　adj.听的,听觉的 2.verbal adj.口头的;言语的,文字的 3.objective adj.客观的;客观存在的;宾格的 n.目标,目的 4.inductive adj.归纳的,归纳法的 5.swan n.天鹅 6.vocational adj.职业的,业务知识的 7.institution n.机构;风俗习惯,制度 8.circuit n.电路,线路;环行;赛车道 9.lamp n.灯 10.geometry n.几何(学);几何形状 11.dizzy adj.头晕目眩的;使人眩晕的 12.cafeteria n.自助餐厅,自助食堂 13.beard n.胡须,络腮胡子 14.carriage n.(火车的) 客车厢;(旧时载客的) 四轮马车  15.kettle n.壶,水壶 16.librarian n.图书管理员,图书馆馆长 Unit 4 At a ____________ (vocational) ____________ (institution), a ____________ (librarian) with a long ____________ (beard) was preparing an ____________ (objective) test on ____________ (auditory) and ____________ (verbal) skills. He used an ____________ (inductive) method, drawing on ____________ (geometry) and electric ____________ (circuit) diagrams. A ____________ (lamp) hung above a ____________ (kettle) in the ____________ (cafeteria). Through the window, a ____________ (swan) swam past a train ____________ (carriage). The room felt so warm that students became ____________ (dizzy). 知识点2 核心短语知辨析 Unit 1 1.tear down拆毁,拆除 2.make one’s fortune发财 3.lose contact失去联系 4.arm in arm臂挽着臂 5.under arrest被逮捕 6.at the mercy of sb/sth任…处置,对…无能为力 7.weigh on sb/sth使焦虑不安,加重…的思想负担 8.take responsibility for对…负责任 9.play by the rules遵守规则;处事公正诚实 10.a well-developed sense of responsibility 高度的责任感 11.on the beat (警察)值勤,当班,巡逻 12.keep an appointment赴约,践约 13.in store for...就要出现在…身上,即将发生在…身上 14.take ...seriously认真对待… 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1. tear down A. 高度的责任感 2. make one’s fortune B. 使焦虑不安，加重…的思想负担 3. lose contact C. 被逮捕 4. arm in arm D. 发财 5. under arrest E. 赴约，践约 6. at the mercy of sb/sth F. 认真对待… 7. weigh on sb/sth G. 遵守规则；处事公正诚实 8. take responsibility for H. 拆毁，拆除 9. play by the rules I. 任…处置，对…无能为力 10. a well-developed sense of responsibility J. 就要出现在…身上，即将发生在…身上 11. on the beat K. 臂挽着臂 12. keep an appointment L. 失去联系 13. in store for... M. (警察)值勤，当班，巡逻 14. take ... seriously N. 对…负责任 Unit 2 1.put yourself in sb’s shoes处于某人的境地,设身处地 2.account for sth是…的说明(或原因);(数量上、比例上)占 3.approve of赞成,赞同 4.broaden one’s mind拓展视野,开阔眼界 5.make interventions to do sth干预做某事 6.come as no surprise不足为奇,不使人感到意外 7.for better or for worse无论如何 8.look a little deeper into the topic 再深入一点看这个话题 9.in a straightforward manner直截了当地 10.make adjustments to调整 11.engage sb in the discussion使某人参与讨论 12.do not hesitate about absorbing sth毫不犹豫地吸收某物 13.be referred to as...被称作/为… 14.function as...起…的作用 15.be pessimistic about...对…感到悲观 16.in response作为回答,作为回应 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1. put yourself in sb’s shoes A. 不足为奇，不使人感到意外 2. account for sth B. 对…感到悲观 3. approve of C. 处于某人的境地，设身处地 4. broaden one’s mind D. 作为回答，作为回应 5. make interventions to do sth E. 拓展视野，开阔眼界 6. come as no surprise F. 使某人参与讨论 7. for better or for worse G. 被称作/为… 8. look a little deeper into the topic H. 无论如何 9. in a straightforward manner I. 赞成，赞同 10. make adjustments to J. 直截了当地 11. engage sb in the discussion K. 是…的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占 12. do not hesitate about absorbing sth L. 起…的作用 13. be referred to as... M. 调整 14. function as... N. 干预做某事 15. be pessimistic about... O. 毫不犹豫地吸收某物 16. in response P. 再深入一点看这个话题 Unit 3 1.earn a living谋生 2.be fond of喜爱 3.weigh up权衡,斟酌 4.put sth on the line让…处于危险之中 5.swing into action立即行动起来,马上大干起来 6.gain the upper hand处于有利地位,有优势 7.prior to在…之前 8.for the duration直到…结束,在整个…期间 9.put one’s best foot forward全力以赴 10.have prejudice against对…有偏见 11.commit oneself to致力于 12.be suitable for适合 13.in the direction of...朝…方向 14.be superior to...比…更好的,比…更胜一筹的 15.by no means决不;一点也不 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1. earn a living A. 致力于 2. be fond of B. 在…之前 3. weigh up C. 谋生 4. put sth on the line D. 对…有偏见 5. swing into action E. 让…处于危险之中 6. gain the upper hand F. 喜爱 7. prior to G. 处于有利地位，有优势 8. for the duration H. 立即行动起来，马上大干起来 9. put one’s best foot forward I. 决不；一点也不 10. have prejudice against J. 直到…结束，在整个…期间 11. commit oneself to K. 权衡，斟酌 12. be suitable for L. 朝…方向 13. in the direction of... M. 比…更好的，比…更胜一筹的 14. be superior to... N. 全力以赴 15. by no means O. 适合 Unit 4 1.be bound to一定会,很可能会 2.keep pace with sb/sth与…步调一致,与…并驾齐驱 3.subscribe to订阅;定期订购(或订阅等);同意,赞成 4.in a flash转瞬间,立即 5.compose oneself使自己镇定下来 6.bounce ideas off sb向某人试探地透露主意 7.dawn on sb使开始明白,使渐渐领悟,使开始理解 8.call for呼吁 9.learn through trial and error反复学习 10.reflect on反思某事,反省某事 11.take a deep breath深吸一口气 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1. be bound to A. 反思某事，反省某事 2. keep pace with sb/sth B. 一定会，很可能会 3. subscribe to C. 呼吁 4. in a flash D. 向某人试探地透露主意 5. compose oneself E. 转瞬间，立即 6. bounce ideas off sb F. 与…步调一致，与…并驾齐驱 7. dawn on sb G. 使自己镇定下来 8. call for H. 深吸一口气 9. learn through trial and error I. 订阅；定期订购；同意，赞成 10. reflect on J. 使开始明白，使渐渐领悟，使开始理解 11. take a deep breath K. 反复学习 一、 真题实战 1.（2022·新高考I卷·七选五） Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer.    36   . In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we'd be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude (感激)Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and evenmore optimistic.    37    . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ●Make yourself waitInstant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.    38   . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ●     39   . So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “     40   .” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable D. All this adds up to a state of hurry E. It can also help us practice more patience F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience 【思维建模】本文为（2022·新高考I卷·七选五）说明文，标题“Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person”，主题为“如何培养耐心”，属于心理健康与自我成长话题，与选择性必修四 Unit 4 Never too old to learn 的“终身学习、自我提升、认知发展”主题高度契合。tolerate（容忍）、tolerant（宽容的）、tolerance（宽容）为 Unit 1 核心词汇，文中“the only state we will tolerate”直接考查其“容忍”义；gratitude（感激）与 Unit 1 的 virtue（美德）形成语义关联；patience/impatient 与 Unit 4 中自我调节、反思成长话题相关；circumstances（情况、环境）与 Unit 2 中理解他人、情境分析语义场相通。七选五解题关键是抓住小标题结构：Practice gratitude—Make yourself wait—Accept the uncomfortable，分别对应“感激—等待—接受不适”三条策略；利用代词指代（They 指代前文 traffic jams, long lines, waiting；It 指代 thankfulness；This 指代 uncomfortable 状态）和逻辑衔接词（However, So, And）确定选项；段内“问题—对策—结果”逻辑链（如“不适—学会说 merely uncomfortable, not intolerable—逐渐更有耐心”）是解题的重要依据。 2. （2022·浙江1月首考·A篇阅读） For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis(危机)in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate (房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job. wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas. This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking. It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn’t work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It’s a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, “When I am on the road, I’m just in my own world. I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.” 21.Why did Merebeth changed her job? A.She wanted to work near her home.  B.She was tired of working in the office.  C.Her sister asked her to move to Denver. D.Her former employer was out of business. 22.The word “wanderlust” in paragraph 2 means a desire to             ? A.make money.             B. try various jobs. C. be close to nature.             D. travel to different places. 23.What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?  A.She has chances to see rare animals.  B.She works hard throughout the year.  C.She relies on herself the whole time.  D.She earns a basic and tax-free salary. 【思维建模】本文为（2022·浙江1月首考·A篇阅读）人物记叙文，主题为“职业选择与独立精神”，讲述Merebeth因房地产公司倒闭而转行做宠物运输、在旅行中保持独立自我的故事，与选择性必修四 Unit 3 Careers and skills 的职业规划、职业选择、薪资待遇话题高度契合。核心词汇 salary（薪金）在文中直接出现——“about $30,000 per year before tax”，考查“税前年薪”的语境理解；employ/hire（雇用）与文中 self-employed（自雇的、个体经营的）形成派生关联；occupation（职业）、labour（劳动）、financial（金融的）与“financial crisis”“real estate firm”等职业经济类语境相通；Unit 1 Wish you were here 的旅行文化探索主题与文中 wanderlust（旅行癖、漫游欲）及“every state in the US”相呼应；Unit 4 Never too old to learn 中 mature/self-worth/independent 等自我成长词汇与文中“independent-spirited”形成语义关联；Unit 2 Understanding each other 的 empathy/sympathy 与文中“help animals”的共情动机相关。 3. （2023·新高考I卷·阅读理解D篇） On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 1．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The methods of estimation. B．The underlying logic of the effect. C．The causes of people’s errors. D．The design of Galton’s experiment. 2．Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent 3．What did the follow-up study focus on? A．The size of the groups. B．The dominant members. C．The discussion process. D．The individual estimates. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving. 【思维建模】本文为（2023·新高考I卷·阅读理解D篇）科普说明文，主题为“群体智慧效应”（wisdom of crowds）及其在小组讨论中的新发现，属于群体决策、认知推理与科学研究话题，与选择性必修四 Unit 4 Never too old to learn 的“认知发展、推理判断、学习方式”主题高度契合，同时与 Unit 2 Understanding each other 的“讨论、沟通、理解他人”话题相通。statistic/statistician（统计数字/统计学家）为 Unit 4 核心词汇，文中“the English statistician Francis Galton”直接出现；reasoning（推理）为 Unit 4 核心词汇，文中“shared arguments and reasoned together”直接考查“推理、论证”；assumption（假定、假设）为 Unit 4 核心词汇，与文中“requires that people’s estimates be independent”的假设逻辑相关；objective（客观的）为 Unit 4 阅读词汇，与科学研究客观性语义场相通；engage sb in discussion（使某人参与讨论）为 Unit 2 重点短语，与文中“allowed to have a discussion”直接呼应；cooperate/cooperation（合作）为 Unit 1 核心词汇，与群体协作决策语义场相关。 4. （2023·全国甲卷·完形填空） Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we 1 there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike 2 its way down the hill toward us. It was 3 called Mario, coming to 4 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice 5 for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 6 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 7 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can’t be any 8 , we thought. But we were 9 his kindness, so we 10 them. What we discovered is that it’s 11 to judge what you eat only by its 12 . Those tomatoes had 13 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 14 perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a 15 memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can 16 them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was 17 . It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re 18 , and as close as possible to where they were 19 . What Mario had 20 us was the taste of the Garfagnana. 1．A．waited B．met C．camped D．stayed 2．A．making B．searching C．squeezing D．feeling 3．A．customer B．neighbor C．relative D．passenger 4．A．lend B．send C．bring D．show 5．A．choice B．comment C．promise D．gesture 6．A．worried B．moved C．thrilled D．bored 7．A．simple B．real C．shiny D．fun 8．A．more B．good C．new D．easy 9．A．sympathetic to B．thankful for C．cautious about D．interested in 10．A．tried B．sold C．returned D．mixed 11．A．unnecessary B．uncertain C．unwise D．unusual 12．A．appearance B．quality C．origin D．price 13．A．size B．shape C．color D．taste 14．A．smell B．look C．become D．work 15．A．happy B．vivid C．short D．vague 16．A．clean B．check C．count D．pack 17．A．perfect B．useful C．convenient D．familiar 18．A．on view B．on sale C．in season D．in need 19．A．finished B．stored C．found D．grown 20．A．cooked B．given C．bought D．told 【思维建模】本文为（2023·全国甲卷·完形填空）记叙文，主题为“在意大利乡村的生活体验与人生感悟”，讲述作者在Garfagnana买房子，邻居Mario赠送自家种的西红柿和自酿葡萄酒，虽然外表不佳但味道纯正，由此领悟到不能以貌取食物，应吃当季当地的食物。文章属于人与社会、文化体验与生活智慧话题，与选择性必修四 Unit 1 Wish you were here 的旅行文化探索、Unit 2 Understanding each other 的人际理解与善意、Unit 4 Never too old to learn 的从经历中反思学习高度契合。gesture（姿态、表示）与 Unit 2 人际沟通语义场相通；sympathetic to、thankful for 与 Unit 1 核心词汇 sympathy（同情）、Unit 2 中理解他人情感相关；appearance（外表）、taste（味道）、quality（品质）等词与 Unit 1 中“不以貌取物”的哲理相关；in season（当季）与 Unit 1 中 sustainable、local food 等概念呼应。解题关键是：利用上下文逻辑（如转折词 but、so）和情感线索（worried→thankful→discovered）；注意词汇复现（tomatoes, wine, taste, memory）；第5题 gesture 考查“善意的表示”，第9题 thankful for 考查“感激”，第12题 appearance 与后文 taste 形成对比，第18题 in season 与 correct time 呼应。 2、 命题演练 一、单项选择 1．The festival will take place outside the central part of the city so that the musicians won’t ________ the local people when they’re performing. A．blame B．conserve C．suspect D．disturb 2．_________ she finished correcting the last student’s paper and submitted the grades to the teaching office, the English teacher headed straight for the bus station to catch the last bus home. A．Cautiously B．Constantly C．Immediately D．Automatically 3．—The trip to Yangzhou is impressive thanks to free access to tourist attraction, isn’t it? —Well, free access is just an added________and the real attraction lies in its local-flavor food. A．bonus B．platform C．reward D．contract 4．Closure of the factories was ________ over a three-year period as planned. A．cast B．fulfilled C．phased D．drawn 5．During the investigation after the accident, the passengers spoke of complete ________ as the fire spread through the ship. A．certification B．chaos C．facilitation D．guidance  6．The tennis champion ________ escaped defeat in the final set, winning the match by a single point after a thrilling comeback. A．narrowly B．barely C．hardly D．slightly 7．______ had she entered the room ______ she felt something unusual. A．Hard; when B．No sooner; than C．Not until; that D．As soon as; when 8．As we start this first year together, I would like to make a few announcements and ______ some of my commitments. A．change B．fulfill C．desert D．clarify 9．After failing the exam, he had to ________ with his self-doubt and anxiety before deciding to try again. A．interact B．correspond C．confront D．wrestle 10．—Although we live in a peaceful country, there are still many areas of the world at war. —I think we should ______ solving international conflicts by negotiation instead of appealing to arms. A．oppose B．correspond C．evaluate D．advocate 11．In the course of a couple of hours, he showed me just how much one can gain from travelling with an open mind, and a willingness to ____________ with locals from all walks of life. A．cooperate B．side C．negotiate D．engage 12．________ also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering, ________ had weakened my self-confidence. A．What; where B．Which; that C．That; what D．What; which 13．______ he failed the driving test twice didn’t discourage him from trying a third time. A．What B．That C．Whether D．When 14．These activities will contribute to promoting the full and equal ________ of all women in various fields in society. A．donation B．participation C．distribution D．qualification 15．As online shopping becomes increasingly popular, the Internet is regarded as a(n)________ way of reaching target customers. A．accurate B．temporary C．complex D．efficient【答案】D 16．There are brands I tend towards because they have a particular and _________ style that reflects my taste. A．consistent B．conscious C．commercial D．conventional 17．Make sure your speech is ________ and to the point, so that the audience won’t have to listen to you talking for a long time. A．formal B．concrete C．concise D．plain 18．The doctor’s diagnosis was based on ______ evidence rather than guesswork. A．concrete B．consistent C．confidential D．controversial 19．There is little sign that Iran and the US have ________ their differences. A．resolved B．restored C．revised D．released 20．The story of The Hunchback of Notre-Dame reminds us that a person’s worth lies in their inner beauty and ________, rather than their social status or physical appearance. A．compromise B．integrity C．prejudice D．occupation 21．Having accepted two invitations for the same evening, Henry found himself in a __________. A．blank B．bless C．bind D．band 22．The company ________ a 13 percent decline in new orders as evidence that overall demand for its products was falling. A．cited B．drafted C．urged D．plotted 23．This latest ________ in the scandal, which revealed previously hidden financial irregularities, has shocked a lot of people. A．bonus B．domain C．episode D．generation 24．With the continuous ________ of its overseas markets, the local enterprise has gradually become a well-known brand in the international field. A．extension B．explosion C．expansion D．exposure 25．With the rapid development of digital technology, online libraries have made a large number of academic resources more ______ to readers across the country. A．accessible B．dynamic C．optional D．concrete 二：单句提升词汇填空 1．She spoke English with a faint Dutch ______ (口音). 2．A __________ (能干的) manager knows how to motivate his team and handle difficult situations calmly. 3．A teacher should not show ________ (偏爱) for anyone of his pupils. 4．He wants to change his ___________ (约会) from Monday to Wednesday. 5．For team projects, it is ________ (值得做的) to listen to constructive criticism, which helps ensure a better final outcome. 6．____________ (假定，设定，承担，获得) that the weather is fine tomorrow, we will organize a picnic in the park; if not, we will have a movie night at the community center instead. 7．Over the course of a few months, Klein had ________ (欺骗) dozens of teenagers out of their money over the Internet. 8．The fundamental ________ (原则) of good nutrition is to consume a balanced diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, and proteins. 9．After ________ (辞职) from the company, the disabled man took some books to the post office and mailed them to his friend. 10．The winner has been disqualified for________ (作弊), so justice has been done . 11．I know Jimmy was always the truest and most ______ (可靠的) fellow in the world. 12．I always regard him as a man of ____________(正直；诚实). 13．A teacher should not show ________ (偏爱) for any one of his pupils. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 14．In the near future we can live in a smart home that can __________(综合) computers into the structure of the building itself. 15．The French football star is still ______ (谈判) a new deal with the club.（根据汉语提示单词拼写） 16．Further information can be ________(获得)from our head office. 17．She could ________ (背诵) many poems from memory at the age of five. 18．In the age of the keyboard, some people seem to think _________(书写) lessons are not important. 19．One reason for her________(偏好)for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 20．It took him a long time to ________ (获得) the skills he needed to become a good dancer. 21．Tired office workers are often ________(使恢复精力) by a 10-minute break and some fresh air. 22．The heavy snow last winter caused long  ________ (延迟) at Heathrow Airport. 23．She hired a private ________ (侦探) in an attempt to find her daughter. 24．________ (有关的) work experience is required for overseas postings. 25．Conservationists in Chile are concerned about the effect of ________ (商业化的) exploitation of forests. 26．Under Qian’s ________ (领导), China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. 27．The bad weather meant ________(推迟) the sports meeting for two weeks. 28．When you grow up, you will need to choose a suitable __________ (职业) that matches your interests and skills. 29．Nora: I’ve already written a poem, but I need more time to ________ (润色) my writing. 30．It’s never a good idea to take sleeping _________ (药片) regularly. 31．A short nap can ______ (使神清气爽) your mind and help you focus better on work. 32．He’s been informed that he doesn’t ______ (取得资格) for the scholarship because of his academic background. 33．China’s victory in poverty reduction has offered hope and provided a valuable frame of _________ (参考) for the world, especially the developing countries. 34．I felt________(头晕目眩的) when I looked down from the top of the television tower. 35．I will let you have an answer after _________(成熟的) consideration.   二：课内句式填空训练 1.Hopefully,you have learnt to treat responsibility as a weight that burdens you, as a foundation which will support your future development.(not...but rather...) 希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担,而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。 2. today your harvest will be great tomorrow.(祈使句+and+陈述句) 今天播下成功的种子,明天就会有巨大的收获。 3. A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.(while作并列连词,表示对比) 微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注,而双臂交叉、目光移开可能表明你不感兴趣,这样会造成不信任或导致摩擦。 4. be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them.(“only+状语”置于句首引起的倒装) 只有当你认真考虑他们的观点的时候,你才会明白导致他们产生这样的情绪的原因,并与他们产生共鸣。 5. to understand how British people communicate it was time to head back home.(No sooner...than...的倒装句式) 我刚开始了解英国人的沟通方式就到要回家的时候了。 6. also through those words novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly.(强调句型) 也正是通过那些词,新思想的传播、不同观点的交流得以更加便捷。 7. ,work allows us the opportunity to be engaged in something we are fond of,and consequently,it can give us a great sense of achievement and satisfaction.(“疑问词+-ever”引导让步状语从句) 无论我们的兴趣点在哪里,无论我们的职业选择是什么,工作都能让我们有机会从事我们喜欢的事情,从而给我们极大的成就感和满足感。 8.Our rapidly changing workplace .(make+it+adj+for sb+to do) 瞬息万变的职场让我们有必要与时俱进,发展新技能。 9. ,I would like to work part-time for a fashion design company in order to learn from professional designers—more is better work experience.(while引导时间状语从句;when it comes to...) 在那里期间,我想在一家时装设计公司做兼职,以便向专业的设计师学习——说起工作经验总是越多越好的。 10.When I drew a still life,it was impressed upon me that the blank spaces between the objects were just .(as...as...) 当我在画静物时,我意识到,成功的构图中,物体之间的留白和实际的物体本身一样关键。 11.New knowledge is constantly being generated and is being revised all the time,to the extent that it can be difficult to keep pace with the latest developments.(what引导主语从句) 新的知识不断产生,你们已知的事物一直在改变,以至于人们很难跟上最新的发展。 12. that I was about to experience the best four years of my life.(否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装) 我几乎没想到我就要经历我一生中最美好的四年时光。 13. many university professors are quite willing to share what they know,and they do take a genuine interest in their students’ intellectual development.(It soon dawned on sb that...) 很快我就开始明白,许多大学教授非常愿意分享他们所知道的,并且他们的确真心实意地关注学生的智力发展。 三：篇章填空训练 Passage A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Being a responsible person means understanding that your choices have consequences. It is not always easy to 1 (take) responsibility, especially when something goes wrong. However, those who admit their mistakes and try to improve earn the respect of others. In schools, students are expected to follow 2 (rule) and respect their teachers. A student who is 3 (rely) and hard-working sets a good example for classmates. Parents also play 4 important role in teaching responsibility. They show their children how to 5 (fulfill) duties and care for others. Laws and regulations exist 6 (keep) public order and ensure safety. When people choose to obey the law, they contribute to social harmony. On the other hand, those 7 break the law may face serious consequences. Developing a strong sense of responsibility takes time. Children learn by 8 (watch) adults who model good behavior. As they grow, they begin to realize that their actions matter. A person with integrity does the right thing even when no one 9 (watch). They understand that personal responsibility is not about avoiding punishment, but about 10 (build) a better world for everyone. Passage B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An event marking the International Chinese Language Day was held on May 8, 2025 in London, bringing 100 students from six schools across the United Kingdom to celebrate the Chinese language and culture. 1 (establish) by the United Nations, Chinese Language Day is observed annually on April 20 to promote multilingualism and cultural 72 (diverse). The event, with the theme of “Chinese Language: A Gift Across Time and Space”, 2 (feature) eight workshops highlighting various aspects of Chinese culture, including characters, calligraphy, poetry, martial arts, and opera masks. The activities mixed traditional customs with modern elements, ranging from woodblock printing 3 virtual reality experiences. Along with workshops, students performed Chinese songs, posed for photos with a panda mascot, 4 received souvenirs (纪念品). “Learning Chinese is challenging, but also 5 (incredible) fun and exciting. It has helped me understand Chinese culture, 6 is different from the cultures I’ve experienced before,” said Noah Eskinazi-Nehme, a student who 7 (study) Chinese for almost two years and celebrates the Spring Festival with his family each year. He wanted to visit China one day to improve his language skills further while 8 (explore) the country’s diverse landscapes and seeing pandas. Patrick Adamson, associate head teacher of Calday Grange Grammar School, said that learning Chinese enabled students to “engage with China not as just a concept but as a living, dynamic culture” and “fuel curiosity and respect for 9 (globe) perspectives”. Passage C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The supermarket chain Pangdonglai, based in Henan province, has become a model in the retail (零售) industry for its emphasis on service, employee welfare and customer experience. Compared with many traditional retailers, it attaches 1 (great) importance to meeting customers’ real needs and provides more thoughtful services 2 (create) a pleasant shopping environment. Officials have cited Pangdonglai 3 a typical case to demonstrate how good service helps boost consumer confidence. The company 4 (attract) more than one million visitors from across the country in the first half of 2026 and gained wide 5 (recognize) through good quality and service. Industry experts point out that the real purpose of business is not to make money, but to provide well-being for people. Pangdonglai has advocated sharing business 6 (gain) with workers, arguing that improving employees’ well-being can ultimately strengthen a company’s competitiveness. The company provides frontline employees with 7 average monthly take-home pay of about 9,400 yuan. Management staff generally enjoy complete two-day weekends, 8 frontline workers typically work shorter shifts and receive extensive paid-leave benefits, a welfare policy 9 (benefit) many ordinary staff members who stick to their posts. The retailer has also introduced a special prize system that offers rewards to employees 10 (treat) unfairly by customers. Passage D 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 31st World Book and Copyright Day fell on Thursday. Coinciding with China’s first national reading week, the People’s Daily invited two of China’s most celebrated authors, Mo Yan and Yu Hua, 1 (discuss) reading and literary creation in the age of artificial intelligence (AI) as well as youth development. The conversation explored why people read, how eclectic books in one’s youth can shape a lifetime, how young graduates can find direction amid uncertainty, and 2 close, careful reading still matters now that AI can produce 3 (write) works. For Nobel laureate Mo Yan, the journey to becoming a writer began with an intense love of reading rather than writing. 4 (grow) up in a rural area with limited access to books, he often had only a single day to borrow and finish 5 (they). Despite reading quickly, he noted that the stories remained vivid in his memory. His experience, he suggested, highlights the importance of reading during youth, when 6 (absorb) and imagination are at their peak. Mo Yan explained that reading gradually 7 (awaken) his desire to write. Alongside practical ambitions for a better life, he also developed a much 8 (deep) aspiration: “to use my pen to express inner emotions and portray real life.” Writer Yu Hua offered a different perspective. 9 Mo Yan, his early reading experiences were often incomplete, 10 missing pages forced him to imagine how stories might begin or end. “My imagination was cultivated at that time,” he said. For him, the impulse to write did not come from a single moment but from a series of small accumulations. Passage E 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Honesty is the best policy. But in many situations, people do not want the truth. Whether it’s a fact of life or a 1 (criticize) of their behavior, everyone has truths they want to ignore. These truths 2 (call) truth bombs. This metaphor shows truth can cause damage if not 3 (handle) well, so caution should be exercised when pointing out difficult truths. Sometimes we drop truth bombs out of anger. We may rationalize (合理解释) our words by saying that we need to express our 4 (emotion) or to help change their ways. But often we use the truth as 5 weapon to make the other person feel bad and to repay them for what they did. Truth bombs rarely lead to 6 (production) discussions because they trigger (触发) a defensive reaction. Over time, truth bombs can increase conflict and weaken trust in relationships. Also, truth bombs often fail 7 (represent) the whole truth. Anger can make it difficult to see the big picture. Sometimes people do need to hear hard truths. Pretending that problems do not exist can weaken trust just as much as dropping truth bombs can. And failing to address problems in relationships can lead to resentment (怨恨), 8 may eventually boil over into conflict. By presenting truth and addressing problems 9 a constructive way, you can strengthen relationships and avoid the emotional damage that comes from using 10 (over) blunt (直言的) words. $