12 修辞的力量（2）-2025年高考英语读后续写高分技能提升

修辞的力量（2） 明喻是英语中一种非常常见且实用的修辞手法，尤其在文学作品中被广泛使用。它通过比喻词（如like, as, as...as, as if, as though, seem等）将两个不同事物的相似点进行对比，使描述更加生动、形象、易懂。明喻不仅能增强语言的表现力，还能帮助读者更好地理解和感受作者的情感。 明喻的基本结构与特点 明喻的基本格式是：“本体 + 比喻词 + 喻体”。例如： The USA is like a big melting pot where immigrants of different cultures or races form an integrated society. 中文解释：美国就像一个大熔炉，不同文化和种族的移民在这里形成了一个融合的社会。 解释：这里，“The USA”是本体，“melting pot”是喻体，“like”是比喻词，强调的是“包容”的特点。 明喻的本体和喻体通常是两个不同的事物，即使属于同一类别，也应具有不同的性质或特征。例如： Peter is as tall as his father.（这不是明喻，只是一个比较句，因为Peter和他的父亲同属人类。） Peter is as tall as a Maypole.（这是明喻，因为Peter和Maypole分属人和物。） 一、用明喻升级句法表达的方法 1. 使用介词或副词 (1) As Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt and cannot last. 中文解释：美丽如同夏日的果实，易腐难存。 解释：将“美丽”比作“夏日的果实”，强调其短暂和易逝的特点。 I wandered lonely as a cloud. 中文解释：我像一朵浮云独自漫游。 解释：将“我”比作“浮云”，强调孤独和自由漂泊的感觉。 He is as strong as a horse. 中文解释：他强壮如牛。 解释：将“他”的力量比作“马”的力量，强调其强壮。 All was dark and silent as the grave. 中文解释：一片漆黑，沉寂得像座坟墓。 解释：将“黑暗和寂静”比作“坟墓”，强调其死寂和压抑的氛围。 英语中的明喻成语： as firm as a rock（坚如磐石） as light as a feather（轻如鸿毛） as cool as a cucumber（泰然自若） (2) Like Paris is like a morgue without you. 中文解释：没有你，巴黎成了一座停尸房。 解释：将“巴黎”比作“停尸房”，强调没有对方时的冷清和死寂。 He works like a horse. 中文解释：他工作起来像匹马一样卖力。 解释：将“他”的工作态度比作“马”的勤劳，强调其努力。 Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. 中文解释：生活没有目标犹如航行没有指南针。 解释：将“没有目标的生活”比作“没有指南针的航行”，强调其盲目和无方向。 Records fell like ripe apples on a windy day. 中文解释：纪录像刮风天成熟的苹果一样纷纷被打破。 解释：将“纪录被打破”比作“刮风天成熟的苹果纷纷落下”，强调其频繁和自然。 (3) Of He has a heart of stone. 中文解释：他有一颗铁石心肠。 解释：将“他的心”比作“石头”，强调其冷漠和坚硬。 He has the heart of a lion. 中文解释：他有狮子般的勇气。 解释：将“他的勇气”比作“狮子”的勇气，强调其勇敢。 2. 使用连词 His heart shivered as a ship shivers at the mountainous crash of the waters. 中文解释：他的心像一艘船在海浪的冲击下颤动。 解释：将“他的心”比作“一艘船在海浪的冲击下颤动”，强调其内心的动荡。 Air is to man as water is to fish. 中文解释：人离不开空气，就像鱼离不开水。 解释：将“人和空气的关系”比作“鱼和水的关系”，强调其依赖性。 Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. 中文解释：读书对于思想，就像运动对于身体一样重要。 解释：将“读书对思想的重要性”比作“运动对身体的重要性”，强调其必要性。 3. 使用动词或短语 Her face resembled a silver moon. 中文解释：她的脸像一轮银月。 解释：将“她的脸”比作“银月”，强调其美丽和皎洁。 He treats his child as the apple in his eye. 中文解释：他把他的孩子视为掌上明珠。 解释：将“他的孩子”比作“掌上明珠”，强调其珍贵和宠爱。 Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 中文解释：莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。 解释：将“世界”比作“舞台”，强调其多样性和表演性。 His nose reminded me of an oboe when it dilated. 中文解释：他的鼻子在扩张时让我想起了双簧管。 解释：将“他的鼻子”比作“双簧管”，强调其形状和特征。 4. 使用词组 He never listens—you might as well talk to a brick. 中文解释：他根本不听，和他说话就像对着一堵墙说话。 解释：将“和他说话”比作“对着一堵墙说话”，强调其无效性。 Our village is no less beautiful than this picture. 中文解释：我们的村庄和这幅画一样美丽。 解释：将“我们的村庄”比作“这幅画”，强调其美丽。 A home without love is no more than a body without a soul. 中文解释：没有爱的家庭就像没有灵魂的躯体。 解释：将“没有爱的家庭”比作“没有灵魂的躯体”，强调其空洞和无意义。 总结 明喻是一种强大的修辞工具，能够为读后续写增添情感和描述力度。通过巧妙使用明喻，学生可以更生动地表达人物的情感、行为和心理状态，使文章更具感染力和可读性。希望以上内容能帮助你在读后续写中更好地运用明喻，提升写作水平。 二、用明喻为读后续写增色 下面我们以高考试题为例，简要说明如何用明喻为续写增色： (2022年1月，浙江卷)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 When Dr. Henderson was assigning(指定) project mates for his psychology class, I secretly hoped he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have some fun with. Above all, I hoped he wouldn't assign me to work with the fiercely competitive, extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match. As fate (命运)would have it, Dr. Henderson very deliberately matched everyone in class and announced that I would be working with the one person in class I wanted to avoid. I went up to my new teammate and introduced myself He looked at me as though I weren't there. I felt he treated me as though I would hold him back and probably make him fail to get an A in the course. He wasn't mean or abusive; he just gave me the impression he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone. Needless to say, I didn't look forward to an entire term of being brushed off, but I tried to make the best of it and didn't say anything for fear that I would make things worse. The project required each team to develop a hypothesis (假说), set up an experiment to test the hypothesis, do the statistical analysis and present the findings. Whatever grade the team received would be shared by both students. When my teammate and I met to discuss our project, I was uneasy. Here was this challenging student who had a reputation for single-mindedness and good grades—the exact opposite of me. I was outmatched. I actually wanted to drop the class at one point, but stopped short because I didn't want to give him the satisfaction of my chickening out. I decided to stick to it no matter what. After long discussions we somehow agreed to do a study on the psychological well-being of teenagers. I wasn't sure what it meant exactly, but at least we had a topic. 注意： 1． 所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2． 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3． 结部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好； 4． 续写完成后, 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Para 1. We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para 2. One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1．用明喻修辞个美化关键句子 Para.1: (1)描述个人形象 例如：Though I wanted to share my ideas with him fully, I failed to do so as if I were a monster to him to draw him back in the study.虽然我想和他分享我的想法，但我没有这样做，我好像一个怪物一样会在学习上拖他的后腿。 (2)描述个人行为反应 例如：I just kept nodding like a machine when he asked me whether it is OK to do this way or that way.当他问我是否可以这样做或那样做时，我只是像一台机器一样不停地点头。 (3)描述心理情态 例如：I started to wait to leave immediately we arrived at the place as a fish found long lost water, and so did he.我们一到那个地方，他也和我一样，我就迫不及待地想离开，就像一条鱼找到了失去很久的水一样。 Para.2: (1)描述情感情绪 例如：I felt so sorry to hear that, as restless as ants on a hot pan, and I thought I should visit him in any case.听到这个消息我感到很难过，就像热锅上的蚂蚁一样坐立不安，我想无论如何我都应该去看看他。 (2)描述努力的场景 例如：We began to work as a fine team and we were similar horses and work harder and harder, finally finishing our project on time. 我们开始像一个优秀的团队一样工作，我们都很努力，越来越努力，终于按时完成了我们的项目。 (3)强调观点态度 例如：We, as it were, were the shadow of each other at last in the course of study.可以说，在学习的过程中，我们终于成了彼此的影子。 2．结合明喻构思并完成写作任务 We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans. Though I wanted to share my ideas with him fully, I failed to do so as if I were a monster to him to draw him back in the study. I just kept nodding like a machine when he asked me whether it is OK to do this way or that way. I thought it was impossible to persuade him into accepting my views, so I didn’t want to waste our time to discuss. I started to wait to leave immediately we arrived at the place as a fish found long lost water, and so did he.I just hoped that the presentation day could come earlier. One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease. I felt so sorry to hear that, as restless as ants on a hot pan, and I thought I should visit him in any case.He was a little surprised to see me when I stepped into his ward with some flowers and fruits. I offered to do the rest work of our project and he invited me to share my ideas to perfect it. We began to work as a fine team and we were similar horses and work harder and harder, finally finishing our project on time. Our hard work paid off and Dr. Henderson’s was very satisfied with our wonderful findings. From this project, we also learned the significance of teammates. Just as the saying goes, one person can go far, but a group of persons can travel farther. We, as it were, were the shadow of each other at last in the course of study. 综合演练： A few years ago, I had taken a part-time holiday-season job in a video store at the local shopping mall. From inside the store, I’d begun to see the people rushing by outside. Then an elderly woman caught my eye. Although slow and unsure of step, she moved with deliberation (从容), and there was no hesitation in her gestures. The elderly woman had come into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter. The daughter was clearly impatient, rolling her eyes, huffing（长吁短叹） and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds. The older woman then separated from the younger one and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf, obviously expecting someone else to help. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled (乱涂乱画的) on a piece of paper. It was a bit unclear to make out. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality. Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment. Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who’d passed away the previous Christmas. As we walked along the back of the store, I introduced her to the different sections: old television shows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation. We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it was one she’d enjoyed when she was her daughter’s age and that she hoped she would enjoy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said with a hint of wistfulness（一丝渴望）, her daughter could enjoy it with her own young children. Then, when the older woman’s turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she’d displayed earlier. Paragraph 1: As the cashier put the DVD into a plastic bag, I walked over to the younger woman. ______________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: The elderly woman moved with her deliberate slowness back to her daughter. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译小练习： 1. “那是你妈妈吗？“我问，半路希望她告诉我这不关我的事。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 但她转了转眼睛说：“是的。”我笑着告诉她我不是在批评她。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. “珍惜她，”我说。然后我回答她好奇的表情说：“当她走后，你会想起这样的小瞬间。” ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 这是真的。我仍然想念我的母亲，想起了那些让她生活悲惨的不耐烦的时刻。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 他们一起向音像店的出口走去。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 他们肩并肩地站在那里一会儿，等待着奔腾的假日潮流，等待着他们在其中的位置。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 然后，女儿瞥了一眼，片刻间注视着她的母亲。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 显然，她用明显不习惯的爱搂着母亲的肩膀，轻轻地把她引回到洪水中。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1. “那是你妈妈吗？“我问，半路希望她告诉我这不关我的事。 “Is that your mom?” I asked, halfway expecting her to tell me it was none of my business. 2. 但她转了转眼睛说：“是的。”我笑着告诉她我不是在批评她。 But she rolled her eyes and said, “Yeah.” I smiled to show her I wasn’t criticizing. 3. “珍惜她，”我说。然后我回答她好奇的表情说：“当她走后，你会想起这样的小瞬间。” “Cherish her,” I said. And then I answered her curious expression by saying, “When she’s gone, it’s the little moments like this that’ll come back to you.” 4. 这是真的。我仍然想念我的母亲，想起了那些让她生活悲惨的不耐烦的时刻。 It was true. I missed my mother still and remembered the moments when I was so impatient as to make her life miserable. 5. 他们一起向音像店的出口走去。 Together they made their way toward the exit of the video store. 6. 他们肩并肩地站在那里一会儿，等待着奔腾的假日潮流，等待着他们在其中的位置。 They stood there for a moment, side by side, waiting for the rushing holiday current and for their place in it. 7. 然后，女儿瞥了一眼，片刻间注视着她的母亲。 Then the daughter glanced over and momentarily regarded her mother. 8. 显然，她用明显不习惯的爱搂着母亲的肩膀，轻轻地把她引回到洪水中。 And slowly, almost reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother’s shoulders and gently guided her back into the deluge. 参考范文： As the cashier put the DVD into a plastic bag, I walked over to the younger woman. “Is that your mom?” I asked, halfway expecting her to tell me it was none of my business. But she rolled her eyes and said, “Yeah.” I smiled to show her I wasn’t criticizing. “Cherish her,” I said. And then I answered her curious expression by saying, “When she’s gone, it’s the little moments like this that’ll come back to you.” It was true. I missed my mother still and remembered the moments when I was so impatient as to make her life miserable. The elderly woman moved with her deliberate slowness back to her daughter. Together they made their way toward the exit of the video store. They stood there for a moment, side by side, waiting for the rushing holiday current and for their place in it. Then the daughter glanced over and momentarily regarded her mother. And slowly, almost reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother’s shoulders and gently guided her back into the deluge. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$