Unit 1 Past and Present Grammar～ Task 知识点讲义 2024-2025学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册

8B Unit 1 Past and Present Grammar~ Task知识点讲义 重点短语 Grammar 1. I’ve read the book many times. 这本书我已经读过多次了。 2. We haven’t seen each other for years. 我们已经好几年彼此没有见面了。 3. teach us a lot about the history of China. 教我们许多关于中国历史的知识 4. over the past century 在过去的一个世纪 5. learn more about Beijing’s past and present 了解更多北京的过去和现在 6. hear of the film 听说这部电影 hear about the film 听到关于这部电影的事 Integrated skills & Study skills 1. living conditions 生活条件 2. travel to and from the town by bus 乘公交车来去镇上 3. Another big change is the many tall buildings in the town. 另一个大的变化是镇上的很多高楼。 4. return from the USA/ come back from the USA 从美国回来 5. go abroad with her parents 和她父母一起出国 6. at primary school 在小学 7. keep in touch with each other 彼此保持联系 8. mainly communicate by email 主要通过邮件联系 9. The Internet makes communication much easier. 因特网使得交流简单得多。 10. all around 到处 11. run through the centre of town 穿过镇中心 12. get/ be used to the changes of life quickly 很快习惯生活的变化 13. go to school by bus on one’s own 独自乘车上学 Task 1. narrow and dirty roads 又窄又脏的道路 2. The streets are wide and clean, with many green trees on both sides. 街道宽阔整洁，道路两边绿树成荫。 3. large open spaces 又大又开阔的空地 4. enjoy a comfortable life 享受舒适的生活 5. There was rubbish everywhere. 到处是垃圾 语法精讲 Grammar知识点讲解 1. 现在完成时 (1) 现在完成时基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 四种基本句型 ： ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. He has already had his lunch. I have just finished my homework. ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语. I have not seen the movie yet. She hasn’t eaten it. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. Have you finished the work? Has she arrived here? Have they eaten supper? ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） Where have you been? 你去哪儿了？ How many times have you been to Beijing? 你到过北京多少次？ Who has taken my book? 谁拿走了我的书？ Why have you not written to me? 你为什么没给我写信？ When have you finished your work? 你什么时候完成工作的？ (2) 现在完成时用法 最简单的理解 ：过去+现在，合二为一才是现完。 ①现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。 【例句】I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。 ②现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作 (用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)， since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。 【例句】He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) (3) 规则动词过去式的变化方法 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ed wash→washed help→helped 以不发音的字母e结尾 加-d hope→hoped like→liked 以辅音字母 + y结尾 变y为i，再加-ed carry→carried study→studied 结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned (4) 不规则动词的变化，（详见书本122，123页）。 2. My parents haven’t come back yet. 我父母还没有回来。 【精讲】yet副词，意为“还；仍；已经”，常用在否定句或疑问句中，通常位于句末。 【例句】I haven’t finished my homework yet.我还没有完成家庭作业。 【拓展】yet常用于现在完成时，表示某事还未发生或某种情况还没有开始出现，或询问某种情况是否已经发生。肯定句中要用already，already常用于助动词之后、实意动词之前，也可用于句末。在否定句中表示“还（有）”只能用yet，不能用already或still。 【例句】 Have you received his letter yet? 你收到他的信了吗？ He has already published two novels. 他已经出版了两本小说。 3. It’s about the changes in the Beijing over the past century.它是关于上世纪北京的变化的。 【精讲】past 此处用作形容词，意为“过去的”。 【短语】over the past ten years 在过去的10年间 【拓展】 ①past 作名词，意为“过去”。in the past意为“在过去，以前”。 【例句】We lived in an old house in the past. 在过去，我们住在一所旧房子里。 ②past作介词，意为“经过”。 【例句】We walked past a post office. 我们走过了一家邮局。 ③past作介词，意为“晚于；在……之后”。 【例句】It is half past ten. 现在是十点半。 ④past用作副词，意为“从旁边经过”。 【例句】I heard her singing in the room when I walked past. 我经过时她正在房间里唱歌。 4. Oh , I think I have heard about the film.哦，我想听说过这部电影。 【短语】hear about 意为“听说（关于某人或某物）”。 【例句】I have never heard about him. 我从未听说过他。 【拓展】 hear of sb./sth 听人说起过某人/某物 【例句】Have you heard of the basketball player? 你听说过那个运动员吗？ hear from 收到……的来信 【例句】I hear from my mother every month. 我每月都收到母亲的来信。 5. Yes, I’d like to.是的，我想去。 【精讲】would like 意为“想要”，在意思上相当于want，但语气上比want委婉，常用于口语中。would是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化。would like 后接名词、代词或动词不定式，但不可接动名词。 【例句】 I would like some apples. 我想要些苹果。 He would like to eat some bananas. 他想吃些香蕉。 【拓展】 当询问或回答某人需要什么时，可以在would like后面直接跟名词作宾语。对于would like提出的建议或请求，肯定回答可以用“Yes, please.”，否定回答可以用“No,thanks.”. 【例句】 --What would he like? --He’d like some food. --他想要什么？ --他想要些食物。 --Would you like some iced tea? --Yes,please/No, thanks. --你想喝点冰茶吗？ --好的，请来一点儿。/ 不，谢谢。 would like to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，would like sb. to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”。回答“Would you like to do sth.?”句型时，肯定回答常用“Yes, I’d love/like to.”，否定回答常用“I’d love to, but...”。 We’d like to go with you. 我们想和你一起去。 --Would you like to stay here with me ? --Yes, I’d love to. -你愿意和我一起待在这儿吗？ --是的，我愿意。 知识梳理 Integrated skills ~ Task知识点讲解 1. Transport 交通工具 【精讲】transport此处用作不可数名词，意为“交通车辆，运输工具”。 【例句】They had no transport then. 他们那时没有交通工具。 【拓展】常见交通工具：bus公共汽车 plane飞机 train火车 ship轮船 bike自行车 car汽车 underground地铁 taxi出租车 2. Today I borrow a book about Starlight Town’s pat and present.今天，我借了一本关于星光城的过去和现在。 【精讲】句中borrowed是动词borrow的过去式。borrow及物动词，意为“借”。 【辨析】borrow，lend与keep borrow 是非延续性动词，意为“借，借来”，表示向某人或某处借来某物 borrow sth. from sb. Do you often borrow books from the library? 你经常从图书馆借书吗？ lend 是非延续性动词，意为“借出，借给”，表示将某物借给某人 lend sb. sth. Could you lend me your camera? = Could you lend your camera to me?你能把照相机借给我吗？ lend sth. to sb. keep 是延续性动词，表示“借”时，指“借来并保存” keep sth. for ... You can keep the book for two weeks. 这本书你可以借两周。 助记：用“借”有规则，看执行者。“借出”用lend，“借入”是borrow。如果是keep，表示“借多久”。假如看不完，“续借”用renew。 3. She went abroad with her parents.她与父母一起出国。 【精讲】abroad副词，意为“在国外，到国外”，前面不加介词。 【短语】be/go/live/travel abroad 在国外/出国/居住在国外/到国外旅行 【例句】My father will go abroad on business next week. 下周我爸爸将去国外出差。 4. So how do you keep in touch with each other?那你们是如何保持联系的呢？ 【短语】keep in touch 意为“保持联系”。“保持联系”还可以用stay in touch 来表达。表示“与某人保持联系”用keep in touch with sb. 【例句】Please keep in touch with us while you are in Hong Kong. 你在香港的时候，请和我们保持联系。 5. We mainly communicate by email.我们主要通过电子邮件交流。 【精讲】communicate用作不及物动词，意思“交流、交际” 【短语】communicate with sb.“与某人交流”。 【例句】If you have time, you can communicate with him. 如果你有时间，你可以跟他交流一下。 6. A river runs through the centre of town. 一条河流穿过城镇中心。 【精讲】through此处用作介词，意为“穿过，贯穿”。 【例句】Light comes in through the window. 光线从窗户照进来。 【拓展】 through意为“穿过，从……中通过”，着重指从空间的一头纵穿到另一头。 through the tunnel 穿过隧道（从隧道中间通过） across意为“横过，穿过”，着重指从一条线或物体表面的一边到另一边。 across the road 横穿马路（从马路一边到另一边） 7. It is not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly.很快适应生活的变化不容易。 【短语】get used to 意为“习惯于，适应于”，期中to是介词，后可接名词、代词、名词宾语或动名词，也可作be used to。即：be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 【例句】I got/was used to going to bed early and getting up early then. 我那时习惯早睡早起。 8. Now I go to school by bus on my own.现在我独自乘公共汽车去上学。 【短语】one one’s own意为“独自；独立”，通常在句中作状语，相当于by oneself 或alone。 【例句】Sandy worked out the problem on her own.=Sandy worked out the problem by herself/alone. 桑迪自己解决了这个问题。 9. I have to spend more time on my homework than before.我不得不花费比以前更多的时间来作作业。 【精讲】spend及物动词，意为“花费”，可以指花费时间或金钱。 spend的两个常用句型是“sb. spend(s) some time/ money on sth.”和“sb. spend(s) some time/money doing sth.”。 【例句】Lily spends two hours doing her homework every day. 莉莉每天花两个小时做作业。 【辨析】spend，pay，take与cost spend 主语是人 (1) spend...on sth (2) spend...doing sth 花费时间或金钱 pay 主语是人 (1) pay for sth (2) Pay sb. for sth 为某物支付金钱 take 主语通常是it I takes sb some time to do sth 花费时间 cost 主语是物 Sb. cost (sb) some money 花费金钱 【例句】 My elder brother spends a lot money on books every year. 我哥哥每年花很多钱买书。 Do you usually spend all your free time studying? 你通常把你所有的空余时间都用来学习吗？ How much did you pay for the food? 你买这些食品花了多少钱？ It takes us an hour to practise playing basketball every day. 我们每天花一小时的时间练习打篮球。 The skirt cost me 300 yuan. 这条裙子花了我300元。 10. Moreover, mobile phones make communication easier now.此外，现在手机使交流更容易了。 【精讲】moreover副词，意为“而且，再者，此外”。 【例句】The price of the house is too high;moreover, it’s too old. 这所房子价格太高，而且它太旧了。   例题精讲 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. —Lucy hasn't come back from the library ______.—No, I have ______ called her. A. already; yet B. yet; yet C. already; already D. yet; already ( ) 2. His uncle ______ for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university ( ) 3. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou ______ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in ( ) 4. Those foreigners left Guangzhou ______. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago ( ) 5. Mary ______ to see the films because she ______ it twice. A. won't go; saw B. won't go; will see C. won't go; has seen D. didn't go; sees ( ) 6. it _____ five years since we last _______ each other.. A. is, have seen B. is; saw C. was; saw D. has been; have seen ( ) 7. This is the most beautiful park I have ______ visited. A. never B. not C. ever D. yet ( ) 8. —You've never been to China, ______? —______. I've been there three times. A. have you; No, I haven't B. haven't you; No, I haven't C. have you; Yes, I have D. haven't you; Yes, I have ( ) 9. It's not easy for Mrs. Green ______ in China quickly. A. to get used to live B. to be used to live C. to get used to living D. be used to living ( ) 10. ______ fun it is! And ______ good time we are having! A. What a; what B. What; what a C. How a; how D. How; how a 【答案】 1-5 DCABC 6-10 BCCCB 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I used to __________ (get) up early to catch the early bus in the morning. 2. The fitness center is a good place __________ (relax). 3. I'm sorry I didn't hear you. I __________ (talk) with my sister. 4. It __________ (rain) heavily. You'd better not go out now. 5. There is little milk in the bottle. Who __________ (drink) it? 6. So far, my little brother __________ (feed) all the animals on the farm. 7. There __________ (not be) much snow here in the past three days. 8. How lucky we are __________ (live) in this modern city! Everything is fast. 9. I often go to Shanghai __________ (visit) my friends. 10. You look so tired. Stop _________( work) and ___________(have) a rest. 【答案】1. get 2. to relax 3. was talking 4. is raining 5. has drunk 6. has fed 7. hasn't been 8. to live 9. to visit 10. working;to have 课堂练习 一、单项选择 ( )1.Which of the underlined part pronounces differently from the others? A.transport B.past C.married D.narrow ( )2.--Do your parents have the same hobby? --No.My father likes playing_______chess while my mother enjoys playing______piano. A./; the B./; / C.the; / D.the; the ( )3.It has been two months_______my family moved to Lianyungang. A.for B.since C.because D.so ( )4.---Have you changed your telephone number_______. ---Yes, I have________changed it. A.yet; yet B.already; already C.yet; already D.already; yet ( )5.---When did you study in Canada? ---_________. A.For two years B.Two years ago C.Two years before D.Since two years ago ( )6.---What a terrible experience! ---__________, lucky us, we are safe now. A.Anyway B.Otherwise C.For example D.As a result ( )7.---________has he been like this? ---For two years. A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How much ( )8.--What great progress Huawei________over the years! --No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world. A.is making B.has made C.makes D.made ( )9.There used to_______a small lake near my house,at that time,I was used to______a walk around it after supper. A.have; taking B.have; take C.be; taking D.be; take ( )10.---_______my book with a red cover? ---Yes,I saw it on the desk a minute ago. A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.-Would you see D.Have you seen ( )11.--Would you like to see the film HI.Mom with me this weekend? --Thank you. I_________it already. A.saw B will see C.see D.have seen ( )12.He_______his homework already and now he is watching TV. A.has finished B.finishes C.will finish D.finished ( )13.---When did your father________your mother? ---Ten years ago. A.get married with B.get married C.get married to D.marry with ( )14.Now the air in our hometown is_______than it was before. We should do something to improve the situation. A.much better B.more worse C.more better D.much worse ( )15.---I don't think students should spend too much time on phone games. ---_________! As students, we should pay more attention to our study. A.Mainly B.Exactly C.Simply D.Mostly 【答案】BABCB AABCD DACDB 二、选词填空（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分） from time to time; in some ways; change a lot; all one's life; possible; know...very well; turn into; get used to; travel around; keep in touch 1.--What do you think of Lianyungang at present? --Well, ___________________it has changed a lot. 2.The young couple usually eat at home, but they like to go out for dinner _______________________. 3.My grandma has lived in this city_________________________so she knows it very well. 4.My parents spent a long time_____________________the life in the city center when we moved house. 5.We have already____________________with each other online many times. It is very convenient. 6.Please believe in yourself because nothing is_______________________________in the world. 7.Robin left his hometown when he was young. His life____________________________ over the years. 8.--How long docs it take us___________________________the city by underground？ --About two hours. 9.--Where did you get all these new books? --I borrowed them. The government___________the waste land__________a large library 2 years ago. 10. You_____________________China's history___________________if you read the book carefully. 【答案】1.in some ways; 2.from time to time; 3.all her life; 4.getting used to; 5.kept in touch; 6.impossible; 7.has changed a lot; 8.to travel around; 9.turned...into; 10.will learn...very well 课堂小结 课后作业 一、阅读理解 A My grandfather is eighty years old. He always complains about how fast things have changed, and he often says that life used to be better. Families aren’t what they used to be. A lot of families have broken up. If the husband and wife have problems with their marriage, they no longer stay together. And mothers used to stay at home and take care of their children, but now everyone is busy working. No one has time to look after children at home. And the cars! No one walks anymore; more and more people drive. We used to walk five miles to school on schooldays, even in winter. But now students don’t. And in school, children don’t have to think anymore. In maths class, for example, we used to add, subtract, multiply and divide (加减乘除) by using our heads. But now kids don’t use their heads anymore; instead, they use calculators (计算器). Most families have computers and there are lights at home now. In the past we didn’t have computers. We didn’t even have lights. My mother used to spend all day cooking in the kitchen. But now we don’t often eat home-cooked food. And people talk less to each other than before. They are too busy to talk, too busy to eat, too busy to think... Life used to be simple, but it isn’t simple anymore. 1．What does my grandfather think of the life now? A．He thinks the life now is very good. B．He thinks the life now is worse than it used to be. C．He thinks the life now is better than it used to be. D．He thinks the life now is the same as it used to be. 2．What does the underlined word “marriage” mean in Chinese? A．生活 B．工作 C．婚姻 D．家庭 3．What has happened these years according to the passage? A．Children don’t have to think anymore in school. B．Students use calculators in maths class. C．Students used to walk to school, but now they don’t. D．All of the above. 4．What changes have happened to families? ① There are lights at home. ② People often eat home-cooked food. ③ Lots of families have computers. ④ More couples (夫妇) live apart because of unhappy problems. A．①②④ B．②③④ C．①②③ D．①③④ 5．Which is TRUE according to the passage? A．Life now is much simpler. B．People have more time to talk with each other now. C．The grandfather only complains and pays no attention to the better life now. D．Lots of mothers stay at home and look after their children now. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．C B When I was very young, people in our village lived by planting fruit trees. My grandma always took me to the orchard（果园）on the hill. At that time, we had to carry water from the river at the foot of the hill to the half way up the hill. Even though we worked so hard, the production level（生产水平）of fruit was still low because it was short of water there. One day, two young men led a group of workers to our village. They learned about our difficulty. Later canals（管道）and other projects began to be built. “Who are they?” I asked. “They are lovely men from our government,” my grandma replied. Later I moved to a city for my junior high school. One day, my parents and I made time to return to our village. We were surprised because everything in the village had changed. The canals ran past every orchard. Villagers didn’t have to go up and down the hill to get water anymore. When we arrived home, my grandma took out some pears and apples. She told us that the water conservancy project（水利工程）was useful. The government made a policy（政策）to encourage more people to plant fruit trees with clean water in the river. Thanks to those kind men, the villagers’ life could improve a lot. Since these men devoted（献身）themselves to the development of the countryside, the villagers have lived a better life. 1．Who always took the writer to the orchard? A．The writer’s father. B．The writer’s mother. C．The writer’s grandma. D．The writer’s grandpa. 2．What was the villagers’ difficulty? A．Their houses fell down. B．They didn’t have work to do. C．They didn’t have enough machines. D．There wasn’t enough water in their village. 3．What can we know about the passage? A．The writer thinks the farmers were brave. B．The government helped build water conservancy project. C．The writer helped to make the village change a lot. D．The government encouraged more people to visit the village. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 二、书面表达 某英文报举办以“家乡的变化”为主题的征文活动。请你根据下表提示，以“The changes in my hometown”为题，用英语写一篇90词左右的短文。 过去 1．生活贫困，房屋破旧； 2．污染严重，垃圾满地； 3．交通不便，游客很少。 现在 1．生活：住房宽敞明亮，许多人有自己的汽车； 2．环境：山更绿，水更清，天更蓝； 3．旅游：每年有成千上万来自世界各地的游客。 将来 …… 注意事项：1.短文的标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2.表格中省略号处须用1—2句话作适当发挥。 参考词汇：方便的convenient The changes in my hometown In the past, my hometown was very small. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: The changes in my hometown In the past, my hometown was very small. People lived a poor life. The houses were old. The pollution was serious, and there was rubbish everywhere. The traffic was not very convenient so few people came here. Now great changes have taken place here. The environment has become more beautiful. The mountains have turned greener, the rivers are cleaner and the sky is bluer. People live a better life. Their houses are large and bright. Many people have their own cars. Every year, thousands of people from all over the world come to visit my hometown. I’m sure my hometown will become better and better in the future. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 8B Unit 1 Past and Present Grammar~ Task知识点讲义 重点短语 Grammar 1. I’ve read the book many times. 这本书我已经读过多次了。 2. We haven’t seen each other for years. 我们已经好几年彼此没有见面了。 3. teach us a lot about the history of China. 教我们许多关于中国历史的知识 4. over the past century 在过去的一个世纪 5. learn more about Beijing’s past and present 了解更多北京的过去和现在 6. hear of the film 听说这部电影 hear about the film 听到关于这部电影的事 Integrated skills & Study skills 1. living conditions 生活条件 2. travel to and from the town by bus 乘公交车来去镇上 3. Another big change is the many tall buildings in the town. 另一个大的变化是镇上的很多高楼。 4. return from the USA/ come back from the USA 从美国回来 5. go abroad with her parents 和她父母一起出国 6. at primary school 在小学 7. keep in touch with each other 彼此保持联系 8. mainly communicate by email 主要通过邮件联系 9. The Internet makes communication much easier. 因特网使得交流简单得多。 10. all around 到处 11. run through the centre of town 穿过镇中心 12. get/ be used to the changes of life quickly 很快习惯生活的变化 13. go to school by bus on one’s own 独自乘车上学 Task 1. narrow and dirty roads 又窄又脏的道路 2. The streets are wide and clean, with many green trees on both sides. 街道宽阔整洁，道路两边绿树成荫。 3. large open spaces 又大又开阔的空地 4. enjoy a comfortable life 享受舒适的生活 5. There was rubbish everywhere. 到处是垃圾 语法精讲 Grammar知识点讲解 1. 现在完成时 (1) 现在完成时基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 四种基本句型 ： ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. He has already had his lunch. I have just finished my homework. ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语. I have not seen the movie yet. She hasn’t eaten it. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. Have you finished the work? Has she arrived here? Have they eaten supper? ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） Where have you been? 你去哪儿了？ How many times have you been to Beijing? 你到过北京多少次？ Who has taken my book? 谁拿走了我的书？ Why have you not written to me? 你为什么没给我写信？ When have you finished your work? 你什么时候完成工作的？ (2) 现在完成时用法 最简单的理解 ：过去+现在，合二为一才是现完。 ①现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。 【例句】I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。 ②现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作 (用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)， since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。 【例句】He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) (3) 规则动词过去式的变化方法 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ed wash→washed help→helped 以不发音的字母e结尾 加-d hope→hoped like→liked 以辅音字母 + y结尾 变y为i，再加-ed carry→carried study→studied 结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned (4) 不规则动词的变化，（详见书本122，123页）。 2. My parents haven’t come back yet. 我父母还没有回来。 【精讲】yet副词，意为“还；仍；已经”，常用在否定句或疑问句中，通常位于句末。 【例句】I haven’t finished my homework yet.我还没有完成家庭作业。 【拓展】yet常用于现在完成时，表示某事还未发生或某种情况还没有开始出现，或询问某种情况是否已经发生。肯定句中要用already，already常用于助动词之后、实意动词之前，也可用于句末。在否定句中表示“还（有）”只能用yet，不能用already或still。 【例句】 Have you received his letter yet? 你收到他的信了吗？ He has already published two novels. 他已经出版了两本小说。 3. It’s about the changes in the Beijing over the past century.它是关于上世纪北京的变化的。 【精讲】past 此处用作形容词，意为“过去的”。 【短语】over the past ten years 在过去的10年间 【拓展】 ①past 作名词，意为“过去”。in the past意为“在过去，以前”。 【例句】We lived in an old house in the past. 在过去，我们住在一所旧房子里。 ②past作介词，意为“经过”。 【例句】We walked past a post office. 我们走过了一家邮局。 ③past作介词，意为“晚于；在……之后”。 【例句】It is half past ten. 现在是十点半。 ④past用作副词，意为“从旁边经过”。 【例句】I heard her singing in the room when I walked past. 我经过时她正在房间里唱歌。 4. Oh , I think I have heard about the film.哦，我想听说过这部电影。 【短语】hear about 意为“听说（关于某人或某物）”。 【例句】I have never heard about him. 我从未听说过他。 【拓展】 hear of sb./sth 听人说起过某人/某物 【例句】Have you heard of the basketball player? 你听说过那个运动员吗？ hear from 收到……的来信 【例句】I hear from my mother every month. 我每月都收到母亲的来信。 5. Yes, I’d like to.是的，我想去。 【精讲】would like 意为“想要”，在意思上相当于want，但语气上比want委婉，常用于口语中。would是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化。would like 后接名词、代词或动词不定式，但不可接动名词。 【例句】 I would like some apples. 我想要些苹果。 He would like to eat some bananas. 他想吃些香蕉。 【拓展】 当询问或回答某人需要什么时，可以在would like后面直接跟名词作宾语。对于would like提出的建议或请求，肯定回答可以用“Yes, please.”，否定回答可以用“No,thanks.”. 【例句】 --What would he like? --He’d like some food. --他想要什么？ --他想要些食物。 --Would you like some iced tea? --Yes,please/No, thanks. --你想喝点冰茶吗？ --好的，请来一点儿。/ 不，谢谢。 would like to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，would like sb. to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”。回答“Would you like to do sth.?”句型时，肯定回答常用“Yes, I’d love/like to.”，否定回答常用“I’d love to, but...”。 We’d like to go with you. 我们想和你一起去。 --Would you like to stay here with me ? --Yes, I’d love to. -你愿意和我一起待在这儿吗？ --是的，我愿意。 知识梳理 Integrated skills ~ Task知识点讲解 1. Transport 交通工具 【精讲】transport此处用作不可数名词，意为“交通车辆，运输工具”。 【例句】They had no transport then. 他们那时没有交通工具。 【拓展】常见交通工具：bus公共汽车 plane飞机 train火车 ship轮船 bike自行车 car汽车 underground地铁 taxi出租车 2. Today I borrow a book about Starlight Town’s pat and present.今天，我借了一本关于星光城的过去和现在。 【精讲】句中borrowed是动词borrow的过去式。borrow及物动词，意为“借”。 【辨析】borrow，lend与keep borrow 是非延续性动词，意为“借，借来”，表示向某人或某处借来某物 borrow sth. from sb. Do you often borrow books from the library? 你经常从图书馆借书吗？ lend 是非延续性动词，意为“借出，借给”，表示将某物借给某人 lend sb. sth. Could you lend me your camera? = Could you lend your camera to me?你能把照相机借给我吗？ lend sth. to sb. keep 是延续性动词，表示“借”时，指“借来并保存” keep sth. for ... You can keep the book for two weeks. 这本书你可以借两周。 助记：用“借”有规则，看执行者。“借出”用lend，“借入”是borrow。如果是keep，表示“借多久”。假如看不完，“续借”用renew。 3. She went abroad with her parents.她与父母一起出国。 【精讲】abroad副词，意为“在国外，到国外”，前面不加介词。 【短语】be/go/live/travel abroad 在国外/出国/居住在国外/到国外旅行 【例句】My father will go abroad on business next week. 下周我爸爸将去国外出差。 4. So how do you keep in touch with each other?那你们是如何保持联系的呢？ 【短语】keep in touch 意为“保持联系”。“保持联系”还可以用stay in touch 来表达。表示“与某人保持联系”用keep in touch with sb. 【例句】Please keep in touch with us while you are in Hong Kong. 你在香港的时候，请和我们保持联系。 5. We mainly communicate by email.我们主要通过电子邮件交流。 【精讲】communicate用作不及物动词，意思“交流、交际” 【短语】communicate with sb.“与某人交流”。 【例句】If you have time, you can communicate with him. 如果你有时间，你可以跟他交流一下。 6. A river runs through the centre of town. 一条河流穿过城镇中心。 【精讲】through此处用作介词，意为“穿过，贯穿”。 【例句】Light comes in through the window. 光线从窗户照进来。 【拓展】 through意为“穿过，从……中通过”，着重指从空间的一头纵穿到另一头。 through the tunnel 穿过隧道（从隧道中间通过） across意为“横过，穿过”，着重指从一条线或物体表面的一边到另一边。 across the road 横穿马路（从马路一边到另一边） 7. It is not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly.很快适应生活的变化不容易。 【短语】get used to 意为“习惯于，适应于”，期中to是介词，后可接名词、代词、名词宾语或动名词，也可作be used to。即：be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 【例句】I got/was used to going to bed early and getting up early then. 我那时习惯早睡早起。 8. Now I go to school by bus on my own.现在我独自乘公共汽车去上学。 【短语】one one’s own意为“独自；独立”，通常在句中作状语，相当于by oneself 或alone。 【例句】Sandy worked out the problem on her own.=Sandy worked out the problem by herself/alone. 桑迪自己解决了这个问题。 9. I have to spend more time on my homework than before.我不得不花费比以前更多的时间来作作业。 【精讲】spend及物动词，意为“花费”，可以指花费时间或金钱。 spend的两个常用句型是“sb. spend(s) some time/ money on sth.”和“sb. spend(s) some time/money doing sth.”。 【例句】Lily spends two hours doing her homework every day. 莉莉每天花两个小时做作业。 【辨析】spend，pay，take与cost spend 主语是人 (1) spend...on sth (2) spend...doing sth 花费时间或金钱 pay 主语是人 (1) pay for sth (2) Pay sb. for sth 为某物支付金钱 take 主语通常是it I takes sb some time to do sth 花费时间 cost 主语是物 Sb. cost (sb) some money 花费金钱 【例句】 My elder brother spends a lot money on books every year. 我哥哥每年花很多钱买书。 Do you usually spend all your free time studying? 你通常把你所有的空余时间都用来学习吗？ How much did you pay for the food? 你买这些食品花了多少钱？ It takes us an hour to practise playing basketball every day. 我们每天花一小时的时间练习打篮球。 The skirt cost me 300 yuan. 这条裙子花了我300元。 10. Moreover, mobile phones make communication easier now.此外，现在手机使交流更容易了。 【精讲】moreover副词，意为“而且，再者，此外”。 【例句】The price of the house is too high;moreover, it’s too old. 这所房子价格太高，而且它太旧了。   例题精讲 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. —Lucy hasn't come back from the library ______.—No, I have ______ called her. A. already; yet B. yet; yet C. already; already D. yet; already ( ) 2. His uncle ______ for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university ( ) 3. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou ______ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in ( ) 4. Those foreigners left Guangzhou ______. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago ( ) 5. Mary ______ to see the films because she ______ it twice. A. won't go; saw B. won't go; will see C. won't go; has seen D. didn't go; sees ( ) 6. it _____ five years since we last _______ each other.. A. is, have seen B. is; saw C. was; saw D. has been; have seen ( ) 7. This is the most beautiful park I have ______ visited. A. never B. not C. ever D. yet ( ) 8. —You've never been to China, ______? —______. I've been there three times. A. have you; No, I haven't B. haven't you; No, I haven't C. have you; Yes, I have D. haven't you; Yes, I have ( ) 9. It's not easy for Mrs. Green ______ in China quickly. A. to get used to live B. to be used to live C. to get used to living D. be used to living ( ) 10. ______ fun it is! And ______ good time we are having! A. What a; what B. What; what a C. How a; how D. How; how a 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I used to __________ (get) up early to catch the early bus in the morning. 2. The fitness center is a good place __________ (relax). 3. I'm sorry I didn't hear you. I __________ (talk) with my sister. 4. It __________ (rain) heavily. You'd better not go out now. 5. There is little milk in the bottle. Who __________ (drink) it? 6. So far, my little brother __________ (feed) all the animals on the farm. 7. There __________ (not be) much snow here in the past three days. 8. How lucky we are __________ (live) in this modern city! Everything is fast. 9. I often go to Shanghai __________ (visit) my friends. 10. You look so tired. Stop _________( work) and ___________(have) a rest. 课堂练习 一、单项选择 ( )1.Which of the underlined part pronounces differently from the others? A.transport B.past C.married D.narrow ( )2.--Do your parents have the same hobby? --No.My father likes playing_______chess while my mother enjoys playing______piano. A./; the B./; / C.the; / D.the; the ( )3.It has been two months_______my family moved to Lianyungang. A.for B.since C.because D.so ( )4.---Have you changed your telephone number_______. ---Yes, I have________changed it. A.yet; yet B.already; already C.yet; already D.already; yet ( )5.---When did you study in Canada? ---_________. A.For two years B.Two years ago C.Two years before D.Since two years ago ( )6.---What a terrible experience! ---__________, lucky us, we are safe now. A.Anyway B.Otherwise C.For example D.As a result ( )7.---________has he been like this? ---For two years. A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How much ( )8.--What great progress Huawei________over the years! --No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world. A.is making B.has made C.makes D.made ( )9.There used to_______a small lake near my house,at that time,I was used to______a walk around it after supper. A.have; taking B.have; take C.be; taking D.be; take ( )10.---_______my book with a red cover? ---Yes,I saw it on the desk a minute ago. A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.-Would you see D.Have you seen ( )11.--Would you like to see the film HI.Mom with me this weekend? --Thank you. I_________it already. A.saw B will see C.see D.have seen ( )12.He_______his homework already and now he is watching TV. A.has finished B.finishes C.will finish D.finished ( )13.---When did your father________your mother? ---Ten years ago. A.get married with B.get married C.get married to D.marry with ( )14.Now the air in our hometown is_______than it was before. We should do something to improve the situation. A.much better B.more worse C.more better D.much worse ( )15.---I don't think students should spend too much time on phone games. ---_________! As students, we should pay more attention to our study. A.Mainly B.Exactly C.Simply D.Mostly 二、选词填空（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分） from time to time; in some ways; change a lot; all one's life; possible; know...very well; turn into; get used to; travel around; keep in touch 1.--What do you think of Lianyungang at present? --Well, ___________________it has changed a lot. 2.The young couple usually eat at home, but they like to go out for dinner _______________________. 3.My grandma has lived in this city_________________________so she knows it very well. 4.My parents spent a long time_____________________the life in the city center when we moved house. 5.We have already____________________with each other online many times. It is very convenient. 6.Please believe in yourself because nothing is_______________________________in the world. 7.Robin left his hometown when he was young. His life____________________________ over the years. 8.--How long docs it take us___________________________the city by underground？ --About two hours. 9.--Where did you get all these new books? --I borrowed them. The government___________the waste land__________a large library 2 years ago. 10. You_____________________China's history___________________if you read the book carefully. 课堂小结 课后作业 一、阅读理解 A My grandfather is eighty years old. He always complains about how fast things have changed, and he often says that life used to be better. Families aren’t what they used to be. A lot of families have broken up. If the husband and wife have problems with their marriage, they no longer stay together. And mothers used to stay at home and take care of their children, but now everyone is busy working. No one has time to look after children at home. And the cars! No one walks anymore; more and more people drive. We used to walk five miles to school on schooldays, even in winter. But now students don’t. And in school, children don’t have to think anymore. In maths class, for example, we used to add, subtract, multiply and divide (加减乘除) by using our heads. But now kids don’t use their heads anymore; instead, they use calculators (计算器). Most families have computers and there are lights at home now. In the past we didn’t have computers. We didn’t even have lights. My mother used to spend all day cooking in the kitchen. But now we don’t often eat home-cooked food. And people talk less to each other than before. They are too busy to talk, too busy to eat, too busy to think... Life used to be simple, but it isn’t simple anymore. 1．What does my grandfather think of the life now? A．He thinks the life now is very good. B．He thinks the life now is worse than it used to be. C．He thinks the life now is better than it used to be. D．He thinks the life now is the same as it used to be. 2．What does the underlined word “marriage” mean in Chinese? A．生活 B．工作 C．婚姻 D．家庭 3．What has happened these years according to the passage? A．Children don’t have to think anymore in school. B．Students use calculators in maths class. C．Students used to walk to school, but now they don’t. D．All of the above. 4．What changes have happened to families? ① There are lights at home. ② People often eat home-cooked food. ③ Lots of families have computers. ④ More couples (夫妇) live apart because of unhappy problems. A．①②④ B．②③④ C．①②③ D．①③④ 5．Which is TRUE according to the passage? A．Life now is much simpler. B．People have more time to talk with each other now. C．The grandfather only complains and pays no attention to the better life now. D．Lots of mothers stay at home and look after their children now. B When I was very young, people in our village lived by planting fruit trees. My grandma always took me to the orchard（果园）on the hill. At that time, we had to carry water from the river at the foot of the hill to the half way up the hill. Even though we worked so hard, the production level（生产水平）of fruit was still low because it was short of water there. One day, two young men led a group of workers to our village. They learned about our difficulty. Later canals（管道）and other projects began to be built. “Who are they?” I asked. “They are lovely men from our government,” my grandma replied. Later I moved to a city for my junior high school. One day, my parents and I made time to return to our village. We were surprised because everything in the village had changed. The canals ran past every orchard. Villagers didn’t have to go up and down the hill to get water anymore. When we arrived home, my grandma took out some pears and apples. She told us that the water conservancy project（水利工程）was useful. The government made a policy（政策）to encourage more people to plant fruit trees with clean water in the river. Thanks to those kind men, the villagers’ life could improve a lot. Since these men devoted（献身）themselves to the development of the countryside, the villagers have lived a better life. 1．Who always took the writer to the orchard? A．The writer’s father. B．The writer’s mother. C．The writer’s grandma. D．The writer’s grandpa. 2．What was the villagers’ difficulty? A．Their houses fell down. B．They didn’t have work to do. C．They didn’t have enough machines. D．There wasn’t enough water in their village. 3．What can we know about the passage? A．The writer thinks the farmers were brave. B．The government helped build water conservancy project. C．The writer helped to make the village change a lot. D．The government encouraged more people to visit the village. 二、书面表达 某英文报举办以“家乡的变化”为主题的征文活动。请你根据下表提示，以“The changes in my hometown”为题，用英语写一篇90词左右的短文。 过去 1．生活贫困，房屋破旧； 2．污染严重，垃圾满地； 3．交通不便，游客很少。 现在 1．生活：住房宽敞明亮，许多人有自己的汽车； 2．环境：山更绿，水更清，天更蓝； 3．旅游：每年有成千上万来自世界各地的游客。 将来 …… 注意事项：1.短文的标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2.表格中省略号处须用1—2句话作适当发挥。 参考词汇：方便的convenient The changes in my hometown In the past, my hometown was very small. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$