精品解析：北京市平谷区2024-2025学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题

平谷区2024-2025学年度第一学期教学质量监控试卷 高一英语 2025.1 注意事项 1. 本试卷共10页，包括四部分，满分100分。考试时间90分钟。 2. 在答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级和姓名。 3. 试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 4. 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5. 考试结束，请将答题卡交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Do you think you are rich or poor? How do we ___1___ whether someone is rich or poor? Just according to the amount of money they have in their wallet, the big house they live in or the luxury car they drive? I’d like to share my ___2___ and maybe it will give you a new view. One day, I found myself with just 10 dollars in my wallet until the next payday. The gas tank on my old car was empty too. So I ___3___ to a convenience store and put 5 dollars worth of gas in the tank. As I was waiting in line to ___4___, I saw the woman in front of me anxiously searching through her purse to find enough cash to pay for 2 gallons of ___5___. For a second, selfishness held back my heart, but then I walked forward and put down my last 5 dollars to help her get the milk for her children. As I left the store I felt happy. My wallet was ___6___ but my heart felt full. I had no money but still felt like the richest man in the world. I just ___7___ the feeling of rich by helping others. It proved to be true that you can be ___8___ without money in your wallet. The truth is the more love we give, the more love we have. The more we share it, the more it ___9___ inside of us. The more we help others, the more we help ourselves. Please just enjoy all the riches of love! It’s you who can _____10_____ what kind of person you will be. 1. A. make B. tell C. treat D. look 2. A. reason B. decision C. experience D. mistake 3. A. picked up B. signed up C. put up D. pulled up 4. A. pay B. drive C. choose D. order 5. A. water B. milk C. wine D. gas 6. A. lost B. worn C. empty D. poor 7. A. enjoy B. reduce C. drag D. quit 8. A. smart B. foolish C. poor D. rich 9. A. arrives B. leaves C. grows D. moves 10. A. decide B. compare C. review D. support 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在钱包里只有10美元且车需要加油的困境下，选择帮助一位焦虑的母亲支付牛奶费用，尽管自己因此身无分文，但内心感到充实和富有。作者通过这个经历分享了对“贫穷”与“富有”的新理解，强调了给予爱和帮助他人能带来内心的富足感，并鼓励人们享受爱的财富，成为自己想要成为的人。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们如何辨别一个人是富有还是贫穷？A. make制作；B. tell辨别；C. treat对待；D. look看。根据空后“whether someone is rich or poor”可知我们如何辨别一个人是富有还是贫穷？故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想分享我的经历，也许它会给你一个新的视角。A. reason理由；B. decision决定；C. experience经历；D. mistake错误。根据下句“One day, I found myself with just 10 dollars in my wallet until the next payday.”我发现自己的钱包里只有10美元，直到下一个发薪日。说明我想分享我的经历。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：所以我把车停在一家便利店前，给油箱加了5美元的油。A. picked up捡起；B. signed up报名参加；C. put up张贴；D. pulled up靠边停车。根据空后“to a convenience store and put 5 dollars worth of gas in the tank”可知我把车停在一家便利店前，给油箱加了5美元的油。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我排队付款时，我看到我前面的那个女人焦急地在她的钱包里寻找足够支付2加仑牛奶的现金。A. pay支付；B. drive开车；C. choose选择；D. order 命令。根据常识和空前“I was waiting in line”可知我排队付款。故选A项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我排队付款时，我看到我前面的那个女人焦急地在她的钱包里寻找足够支付2加仑牛奶的现金。A. water水；B. milk牛奶；C. wine酒；D. gas汽油。根据下句“but then I walked forward and put down my last 5 dollars to help her get the milk for her children.”可知但后来我走上前去，放下我最后的5美元，帮她为她的孩子拿牛奶。说明前面的那个女人焦急地在她的钱包里寻找足够支付2加仑牛奶的现金。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的钱包是空的，但我的心感到充实。A. lost丢失的；B. worn穿坏的；C. empty空的；D. poor贫穷的。根据上句“but then I walked forward and put down my last 5 dollars to help her get the milk for her children”可知但后来我走上前去，放下我最后的5美元，帮她为她的孩子拿牛奶。说明我的钱包是空的。故选C项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只是通过帮助别人来享受富有的感觉。A. enjoy享受；B. reduce减少；C. drag拖拽；D. quit放弃。根据上句“I had no money but still felt like the richest man in the world.”可知，我没有钱，但仍然觉得自己是世界上最富有的人。说明我只是通过帮助别人来享受富有的感觉。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，钱包里没钱也可以变得富有。A. smart聪明的；B. foolish愚蠢的；C. poor贫穷的；D. rich富有的。根据上句“I had no money but still felt like the richest man in the world.”可知我没有钱，但仍然觉得自己是世界上最富有的人。说明事实证明，钱包里没钱也可以变得富有。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们分享得越多，它就越能在我们心中成长。A. arrives到达；B. leaves离开；C. grows生长；D. moves移动。根据上句“The truth is the more love we give, the more love we have.”可知事实是，我们付出的爱越多，我们拥有的爱就越多。说明我们分享得越多，它就越能在我们心中成长。故选C项。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：是你自己可以决定你会成为什么样的人。A. decide决定；B. compare比较；C. review复习；D. support支持。根据空后“what kind of person you will be”可知是你自己可以决定你会成为什么样的人。故选A项。 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分） 阅读下列句子和短文，根据其内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 11. I ______ (study) hard and got a good grade. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】studied 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我努力学习并且得了个好成绩。空处所给的动词为句子谓语，根据空后的“and got”可知句子描述的是过去的动作，应用一般过去时。故填studied。 12. The students ______ (finish) their homework so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have finished 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：学生们到目前为止已经完成了他们作业。finish“完成”。so far“到目前为止”是现在完成时的标志词，此处表示动作已经完成，句子时态用现在完成时。主语是students，因此助动词用have。故填have finished。 13. I know the man ______ house was destroyed in the earthquake. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我认识那个房子在地震中被摧毁的人。“______ house was destroyed in the earthquake”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the man，关系词将其代入从句中修饰名词house，作定语，需用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 14. I’m looking forward to ______ (spend) my holiday in Sanya. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】spending 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我期待着在三亚度假。短语look forward to中to为介词，本空用spend“度过”的动名词形式spending，作宾语。故填spending。 15. There are different ______ (activity) in our school clubs. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】activities 【解析】 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：我们学校俱乐部有不同活动。activity“活动”是可数名词，作there be句型的主语，结合形容词different和系动词are可知，应用复数形式。故填activities。 16. ______ (learn) English well, I must work harder at it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】To learn 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了学好英语，我必须更加努力地学习它。“学好英语”是“我必须更加努力学习它”的目的，用动词不定式to learn作目的状语；句首单词首字母大写。故填To learn。 17. Doing exercise can build up your ______ (strong). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】strength 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：做运动可以增强你的体质。build up 动词，后用名词作宾语，strong的名词是strength，build up one's strength“增强体质”。故填strength。 18. The woman ______ is standing there is my teacher. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who##that 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：站在那里的那个女人是我的老师。“______ is standing there”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The woman，指人，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，用关系代词who或that引导从句。故填who/that。 19. A big library ______ (build) in our city next year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be built 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：明年我们市将建一座大图书馆。根据时间状语“next year”可知，句子的时态为一般将来时。又因为句子的主语“A big library”和谓语动词“build”之间是被动关系，即图书馆是被建造的，所以要用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be built。 20. Look! The students are listening to the teacher ______ (careful). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】carefully 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：看！学生们正在认真地听老师讲课。提示词修饰动词短语listening to，用副词carefully作状语，意为“认真地，仔细地”。故填carefully。 B 阅读短文，根据其内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 I have been a senior secondary student for a few months. My school life is ____21____ (amaze). English is the subject ____22____ interests me most. Last month, an English speech competition ____23____ (hold) in our school. My teacher encouraged me ____24____ (take) part in it and I won the first prize, which made me feel ____25____ (excite). 【答案】21. amazing 22. which##/that 23. was held 24. to take 25. excited 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了作者在高中的生活。 【21题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我的学校生活很精彩。设空处应用形容词作表语，指学校生活精彩，应用amazing，说明事物的特征。故填amazing。 【22题详解】 考査关系代司，句意：英语是我最感兴趣的科目。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为the subject，指，从句中作主语，应用which或者that引导定语从句，故填 which/that。 【23题详解】 考查动词的时态语态。句意：上个月，我们学校举办了一场英语演讲比赛。设空处在句中作谓语,结合时间状语Last month,句子应用一般过去时，主语和hold之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为单数名词an English speech competition，故填was held。 【24题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：老师鼓励我参加这次比赛，我获得了第一名,这让我感到兴奋。encourage sb to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，设空处应用不动式to take作宾语补足语。故填to take。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：老师鼓励我参加这次比赛，我获得了第一名，这让我感到兴奋。feel为系动词，后接形容词作表语，指人感到兴奋，应用形容词excited。故填excited。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Best Places to Go Camping in Olympic National Park With more than 2.5 million visitors passing through its gates every year, Washington’s Olympic National Park ranks among the most popular parks in the U. S. The best places to camp inside the park are as followed. Deer Park Campground Address: Port Angeles, WA98362, USA Phone +1 360-565-3131 Just getting to Deer Park Campground is a bit of an adventure, as it requires driving along a twisty road. This campground is tent-only, which means RVs aren’t allowed. It also only has 14 campsites, which fill up quickly during the peak summer travel season. Those sites are available on a first-come, first-served basis from June through mid-October. Cost: $15/ night Hoh Campground Address: Forks, WA98331, USA Phone +1 360-374-6925 Hoh Campground is located in the heart of the Hoh Rainforest. With options for tents and RVs, the Hoh Campground is a popular one all year long. Reservations need to be made for the 72 campsites on Recreation.gov in summer, with campsites available on a first-come, first-served basis the rest of the year. Cost: $24/ night Staircase Campground Address: NF-24, Hoodsport, WA98548, USA Phone +1 360-877-5569 Staircase Campground’s 49 campsites operate on a first-come, first-served basis. The location is open year-round, although flush toilets and potable water are only available during the summer. There are several campsites that can accommodate RVs, as well as five walk-in-only locations. It gets somewhat crowded throughout the summer. Cost: $24/ night Dosewallips Campground Address: Brinnon, WA98320, USA Phone +1 360-565-313145 Dosewallips Campground is a walk-in-only location. Dosewallips Campground features approximately 30 campsites, none of which can be reserved in advance. Open for camping year-round, this location receives more guests at the height of the summer travel season. Cost: Free 26. If you want to camp at Staircase Campground, you can call ______. A. +1 360-374-6925 B. +1 360-565-3131 C. +1 360-877-5569 D. +1 360-565-3145 27. Which campground provides the most campsites? A. Deer Park Campground. B. Hoh Campground. C. Staircase Campground. D. Dosewallips Campground. 28. What do these campgrounds have in common? A. They can accommodate RVs. B. They are walk-in-only locations. C. They can be reserved in advance. D. They are more crowded in summer. 【答案】26. C 27. B 28. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了奥林匹克国家公园的四个露营地。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Staircase Campground”部分中的“Phone +1 360-877-5569”可知，如果你想在Staircase Campground露营，可以拨打+1 360-877-5569。故选C项。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Deer Park Campground”部分的“It also only has 14 campsites(它也只有14个露营地)”可知，Deer Park Campground 有14个露营地；根据“Hoh Campground”部分的“Reservations need to be made for the 72 campsites on Recreation.gov in summer(夏季需要在Recreation.gov网站上预订72个露营地)”可知，Hoh Campground有72个露营地；根据“Staircase Campground”部分的“Staircase Campground’s 49 campsites operate on a first-come, first-served basis(楼梯露营地的49个营地按先到先得的原则运作)”可知，Staircase Campground有49个露营地；根据“Dosewallips Campground”部分的“Dosewallips Campground features approximately 30 campsites(Dosewallips露营地大约有30个露营地)” 可知，Dosewallips Campground大约有30个露营地。比较可得，Hoh Campground提供的露营地最多。故选B项。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Deer Park Campground”部分的 “It also only has 14 campsites, which fill up quickly during the peak summer travel season.(它也只有14个露营地，在夏季旅游旺季很快就被满了。)”；“Hoh Campground”部分的“With options for tents and RVs, the Hoh Campground is a popular one all year long. Reservations need to be made for the 72 campsites on Recreation.gov in summer, with campsites available on a first-come, first-served basis the rest of the year .(有帐篷和房车可供选择，Hoh露营地一年四季都很受欢迎。夏季需要在Recreation.gov网站上预订72个露营地，其余时间露营地采用先到先得的原则。)”；“Staircase Campground”部分的“It gets somewhat crowded throughout the summer.(整个夏天都有些拥挤。)”以及“Dosewallips Campground”部分的“Open for camping year-round, this location receives more guests at the height of the summer travel season.(全年开放露营，这个地方在夏季旅游旺季接待更多的客人。)” 可知，这些露营地的共同之处是在夏天更拥挤。故选D项。 B A 12-year-old girl’s playground vision has become a reality, thanks to the kindness and support of Clearfield City officials who welcomed her creativity and passion. Earlier this year, young Rosili noticed that a new playground at Thornock Park was being built, but the equipment seemed more suitable for older kids. Concerned that she wouldn’t be able to enjoy it with her younger sisters, Rosili took matters into her own hands. Armed with creativity and a passion for play, she designed her ideal playground with detailed descriptions and labels. With support from her mom, Rosili took her designs to Clearfield’s city hall, where she met with Eric Howes, the city’s community services director. Impressed by the effort and thought Rosili put into her drawings, Howes took time to review each of her plans. “She put a ton of time into that and a lot of thought, and she showed it from four different angles,” Howes explained. Although the Thornock Park playground was already in progress, the city had plans to build a new playground at Bicentennial Park, and Rosili’s designs were used in the project. Rosili was involved in every step of the process, working alongside city officials and playground equipment vendors to bring her dream to life. On Tuesday, Rosili’s dream playground was officially opened at Bicentennial Park. Rosili proudly cut the ribbon at the ceremony, creating a new play space for children of all ages to enjoy — a space that was imagined and brought to life by a young girl who believed she could make a difference. 29. Rosili designed a playground because ______. A. she didn’t enjoy Thornock Park B. it would meet younger kids’ need C. she aimed to show her creativity and passion D. Clearfield City officials encouraged her to do so 30. From Howes’ words, we can infer that Rosili’s drawings were probably ______. A. copied from others B. careless and simple C. detailed and well-thought-out D. too complicated to understand 31. What can we learn about the playground at Bicentennial Park? A. It was designed for adults. B. It was built by Rosili alone. C. It was donated by the school. D. It was designed by a young girl. 32. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. How to Design a Playground B. A New Playground at Thornock Park C. The Kindness of Clearfield City Officials D. A Girl’s Dream Playground Comes True 【答案】29. B 30. C 31. D 32. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了12岁女孩Rosili因担心新操场不适合妹妹们，自己设计了理想操场，其设计被用于新公园建设，梦想操场最终建成开放的故事。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Earlier this year, young Rosili noticed that a new playground at Thornock Park was being built, but the equipment seemed more suitable for older kids. Concerned that she wouldn’t be able to enjoy it with her younger sisters, Rosili took matters into her own hands.(今年早些时候，年轻的Rosili注意到索诺克公园正在建造一个新的操场，但那里的设备似乎更适合大一点的孩子。由于担心自己不能和妹妹们一起享受这个操场，Rosili决定自己动手)”可知，Rosili设计操场是因为现有的操场设备更适合大孩子，她设计的操场能满足小孩子的需求。故选B项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中Howes的话“She put a ton of time into that and a lot of thought, and she showed it from four different angles(她在那上面花了很多时间，也想了很多，而且她从四个不同的角度展示了它)”可知，Rosili投入大量时间和思考，还从四个不同角度展示，由此可推断她的图纸很详细且经过深思熟虑。故选C项。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Although the Thornock Park playground was already in progress, the city had plans to build a new playground at Bicentennial Park, and Rosili’s designs were used in the project.(虽然索诺克公园的操场已经在建设中，但该市计划在双世纪公园建造一个新的操场，Rosili的设计被用于该项目)”和最后一段中“Rosili proudly cut the ribbon at the ceremony, creating a new play space for children of all ages to enjoy — a space that was imagined and brought to life by a young girl who believed she could make a difference.(Rosili自豪地在仪式上剪彩，为所有年龄段的孩子们创造了一个新的玩耍空间——一个由一个相信自己可以改变世界的小女孩想象出来的空间)”可知，双世纪公园的操场是由一个年轻女孩Rosili设计的。故选D项。 【32题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A 12 year old girl’s playground vision has become a reality, thanks to the kindness and support of Clearfield City officials who welcomed her creativity and passion.(由于克利尔菲尔德市官员的善意和支持，他们欣赏她的创造力和热情，一个12岁女孩对操场的设想变成了现实)”以及最后一段中“On Tuesday, Rosili’s dream playground was officially opened at Bicentennial Park.(周二，Rosili梦想中的操场在双世纪公园正式开放)”可知，文章主要围绕女孩Rosili梦想中的操场得以实现展开。D选项“A Girl’s Dream Playground Comes True(一个女孩梦想中的操场成真了)”能概括文章主要内容，适合做标题。故选D项。 C Alcohol (酒精) is the most widely consumed drug among young people in some countries. Many of us know the negative consequences of consuming alcohol, such as getting into violent behaviors and traffic accidents. However, fewer of us consider how a few binge drinking sessions can affect the brain, especially when it is still developing. To understand these effects, we need to look at two key elements: how alcohol is metabolized, and how it affects the developing adolescent brain. Alcohol is mainly metabolized in the liver, which processes the drink after it has been absorbed. We can think of the liver as a sponge that absorbs alcohol. However, when it becomes saturated, it loses this capacity, causing the effects of drunkenness. Unfortunately, alcoholic beverages not only have temporary impacts on the functioning of our brains, they also have long-lasting effects on various aspects of the nervous system. It is important to note that during its development—up to the age of 25-30—the brain is at its most vulnerable to the effects of drugs. Moreover, these changes cause certain areas of the brain to mature earlier than others. This mismatch between the development of the brain’s reward, impulse control and decision-making systems may explain why adolescents are more likely to engage in risky behaviour. We have to stress the relationship between the age of starting alcohol consumption and later problems. The data is clear: the earlier someone starts drinking, the higher their risk of developing these conditions. This highlights the fact that there is no such thing as a healthy dose of alcohol, and no such thing as harmless binge drinking. It is crucial that we pay especially close attention to teenage drinking. 33. The first paragraph is used to ______. A. present a solution B. provide detail causes C. introduce the topic D. carry out a comparison 34. What does the word “temporary” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Short-term. B. Long-term. C. Serious. D. Slight. 35. From the text, we can infer that ______. A. it’s safer to drink at the age of 28 B. the effects of drinking has nothing to do with age C. alcohol affects the brain and causes behavior problems D. only teenagers’ impulse control system is affected by alcohol 36. As for teenage drinking, the author is ______. A. worried B. indifferent C. doubtful D. supportive 【答案】33. C 34. A 35. C 36. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了酒精对青少年大脑的影响，尤其是青少年在大脑发育期间饮酒可能带来的短期和长期危害。文章指出，尽管许多人知道饮酒可能导致暴力行为和交通事故，但较少有人意识到酒精对仍在发育中的大脑的潜在影响。 33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Alcohol (酒精) is the most widely consumed drug among young people in some countries. Many of us know the negative consequences of consuming alcohol, such as getting into violent behaviors and traffic accidents. However, fewer of us consider how a few binge drinking sessions can affect the brain, especially when it is still developing.(酒精是许多国家年轻人中最广泛使用的药物。我们中的许多人知道饮酒的负面后果，比如引发暴力行为和交通事故。然而，较少的人会考虑几次酗酒行为会对大脑产生怎样的影响，尤其是当大脑仍在发育时。)”可知，本段提到年轻人饮酒的现象，并且指出饮酒的负面影响，尤其是对大脑的影响。因此推断这段内容主要是为了引出文章接下来要详细讨论的主题——酒精对青少年大脑发育的影响。故选C。 【34题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Unfortunately, alcoholic beverages not only have temporary impacts on the functioning of our brains, they also have long-lasting effects on various aspects of the nervous system.(不幸的是，酒精饮料不仅会对我们的大脑功能产生temporary的影响，还会对神经系统的各个方面产生持久性的影响。)”可知，temporary一词与long-lasting effects（长期影响）形成对比，说明酒精对大脑的影响既有短期的，也有长期的。因此，temporary在这里表示“短期的”。故选A。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Unfortunately, alcoholic beverages not only have temporary impacts on the functioning of our brains, they also have long-lasting effects on various aspects of the nervous system.(不幸的是，酒精饮料不仅会对我们的大脑功能产生短暂的影响，还会对神经系统的各个方面产生持久性的影响。)”和倒数第二段“It is important to note that during its development—up to the age of 25-30—the brain is at its most vulnerable to the effects of drugs. Moreover, these changes cause certain areas of the brain to mature earlier than others. This mismatch between the development of the brain’s reward, impulse control and decision-making systems may explain why adolescents are more likely to engage in risky behaviour.(需要指出的是，在大脑发育的阶段（即25岁至30岁期间）——也就是大脑最易受到药物影响的时期——大脑会处于一种极度脆弱的状态。此外，这些变化还会导致大脑某些区域的成熟时间早于其他区域。这种大脑奖赏、冲动控制和决策系统发育与成熟之间的不匹配，或许可以解释为什么青少年更有可能从事冒险行为。)”可知，文章提到酒精对大脑的短期和长期影响，并且指出这些影响会导致青少年更容易出现冒险行为。因此可以推断酒精会影响大脑并导致行为问题。故选C。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第一段“This highlights the fact that there is no such thing as a healthy dose of alcohol, and no such thing as harmless binge drinking. It is crucial that we pay especially close attention to teenage drinking.(这凸显了一个事实：不存在所谓适量饮酒这种说法，也不存在所谓无害的狂饮这种说法。我们必须特别留意青少年饮酒问题。)”以及前文的讲述可知，作者强调青少年大脑在发育过程中对酒精的易感性，指出早期饮酒会导致长期风险，并呼吁要特别关注青少年饮酒问题。这种语气和反复的警告表明作者对青少年饮酒问题感到担忧。故选A。 D Exercise Does Good to Your Brain Regular exercise is generally good for us. However, in a new report, researchers have shown that even short bursts of activity can give us a noticeable brainpower boost. The researchers, from the University of California Santa Barbara, dug through 113 previous studies. When it comes to one-off exercise sessions, the results suggest energetic activities are best for cognition. In particular, cycling and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) were linked to the biggest differences in executive functioning — that’s the part of our cognitive abilities. “Our work showed the strongest evidence for a positive effect of single bouts of exercise on cognition,” says neuroscientist Barry Giesbrecht, from UC Santa Barbara. The biggest brain gains were found in exercises less than 30 minutes in duration, and also when cognition was tested after exercise rather than during the workout itself. Energetic aerobic exercise can lead to a slight improvement in overall performance on cognitive tasks, especially on those that probe executive function and measure response time. That goes for other aspects of health besides brain flexibility too. Earlier research found that HIIT works can be good for improving heart health and reducing the risk of future health problems. “These results are surprising, considering that exercise intensity is believed to have an inverted-U (倒U型) relationship with performance, where moderate intensity exercise leads to the greatest improvements while more intense, fatiguing exercise causes decreases,” write the researchers in their published paper. The message here, as it has been in many previous studies, is that you don’t need to do a lot of exercise to start feeling the benefits — sometimes it just takes 30 minutes and even 10 minutes. Thus, enhancing your cognitive abilities or maintaining best health likely does not necessitate sticking to a strict daily workout schedule, engaging in extremely energetic activities, or even taking part in over prolonged exercises. That’s encouraging for those of us who find it difficult to get into a regular routine. 37. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. Cognition is best tested during the workout. B. Cycling is good for people’s cognitive abilities. C. Long-time exercises have the biggest impact on the brain. D. Energetic exercise makes little improvement on cognition. 38. What does the “inverted-U relationship” mean? A. Lower intensity, better performance. B. Higher intensity, better performance. C. Intensity has no effect on performance. D. Moderate intensity is best, higher may decline. 39. The purpose of this article is to ______. A. encourage people to exercise B. stress the importance of HIIT C. explain the process of a research D. introduce different types of exercise 【答案】37. B 38. D 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了短时间的运动也能提升大脑认知能力。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段中“The researchers, from the University of California Santa Barbara, dug through 113 previous studies. When it comes to one-off exercise sessions, the results suggest energetic activities are best for cognition. In particular, cycling and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) were linked to the biggest differences in executive functioning — that’s the part of our cognitive abilities. (这些研究人员来自加利福尼亚大学圣塔芭芭拉分校，他们深入研究了113项先前的研究。就单次运动而言，结果表明，充满活力的活动对认知能力最有益。特别是，骑自行车和高强度间歇训练（HIIT）与执行功能（这是我们认知能力的一部分）的最大差异有关。)”可知，骑自行车对人们的认知能力有好处。故选B。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。由文章第四段中“These results are surprising, considering that exercise intensity is believed to have an inverted-U relationship with performance, where moderate intensity exercise leads to the greatest improvements while more intense, fatiguing exercise causes decreases (考虑到运动强度被认为与表现之间存在倒U型 relationship，即中等强度运动带来的改善最大，而更剧烈、令人疲惫的运动会导致表现下降，这些结果令人惊讶)”可知，考虑到运动强度被认为与表现呈倒U型关系，这些结果是令人惊讶的，在这种关系中，中等强度的运动带来最大的改善，而更剧烈、令人疲劳的运动则会导致下降。因此，inverted-U relationship指的是中等强度最好，更高强度可能会下降。D选项“Moderate intensity is best, higher may decline. (中等强度最好，更高可能会下降)”与原文意思相符。故选D。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Regular exercise is generally good for us. However, in a new report, researchers have shown that even short bursts of activity can give us a noticeable brainpower boost. (定期进行运动通常对我们有益。然而，在一份新报告中，研究人员表明，即使是短暂的活动也能让我们的大脑功能得到显著提升。)”可知，文章主要讲述了研究人员发现即使是短时间的活动也能显著提高脑力，并介绍了相关研究结果和结论，最后指出提高认知能力或保持最佳健康状态并不一定需要坚持严格的日常锻炼计划、进行极其剧烈的活动或甚至进行长时间的锻炼，这对于那些难以养成常规习惯的人来说是鼓舞人心的。因此，文章的目的是鼓励人们进行锻炼。故选A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A new term means a fresh start. Get your term started right by practicing these strategies, and your learning efficiency will improve. Get organized. ____40____ Develop a system at the start of your term. This may include: color coded notebooks for each subject, a planner with important dates and deadlines filled out and so on. If you keep track of deadlines, know where to find everything, and keep a well-organized space, you free up your mind to focus on learning. Get into a routine. Like being organized, establishing a routine helps your life run smoothly. It’s easier said than done, but try waking up and going to sleep around the same time each day. Schedule time for the gym, any clubs or activities you participate in, and studying. ____41____ Choose a time of day when you feel especially productive. ____42____ Maybe you’ve heard the saying, “Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future.” It may sound dramatic, but it’s true that the people you spend the most time with have a major influence on you. Try to make at least one positive friend in every class. Meet ambitious people with clearly defined goals, good study habits, and healthy lifestyles. These friends can help you stay responsible. ____43____ Take good care of yourself. Finally, remember to practice self-care and healthy habits. When you eat poorly and don’t get enough sleep, it impacts your mood and your mind. ____44____ And you’ll have a tough time learning new concepts. Obviously, this is not helpful for a successful term. A. They’re great study buddies. B. Set aside time for study each day. C. You may feel fuzzy and forgetful. D. Surround yourself with motivated friends. E. Organization helps you reduce tension and stress. 【答案】40. E 41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了提高新学期学习效率的四个策略：保持有序、养成习惯、结交益友、照顾好自己。 【40题详解】 由上文“Get organized. (要有条理)”及下文“Develop a system at the start of your term. This may include: color coded notebooks for each subject, a planner with important dates and deadlines filled out and so on. If you keep track of deadlines, know where to find everything, and keep a well-organized space, you free up your mind to focus on learning. (在学期开始时建立一个系统。这可能包括：为每个科目使用彩色编码的笔记本，一个记录着重要日期和截止日期的日程表等等。如果你跟踪截止日期，知道在哪里可以找到所有东西，并保持一个整洁的空间，你就能让大脑专注于学习)”可知，本空应强调有条理的好处或作用。E选项“Organization helps you reduce tension and stress. (有条理可以帮助你减少紧张和压力)”直接点明了有条理的作用，能承接上文，并为下文的具体做法提供了理由，符合题意。故选E。 【41题详解】 由上文“It’s easier said than done, but try waking up and going to sleep around the same time each day. Schedule time for the gym, any clubs or activities you participate in, and studying. (说起来容易做起来难，但试着每天在同一时间起床和睡觉。为健身房、你参加的任何俱乐部或活动以及学习安排时间)”及下文“Choose a time of day when you feel especially productive. (选择一天中你觉得特别有效率的时间)”可知，本空应强调养成为学习安排时间的习惯的重要性。B选项“Set aside time for study each day. (每天留出时间学习)”直接对应了上文提到的“为学习安排时间”，并为下文提到的“选择有效率的时间”提供了前提，能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。 【42题详解】 此题为段落标题，需要概括该段落的主要内容。由下文“Maybe you’ve heard the saying, “Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future.” It may sound dramatic, but it’s true that the people you spend the most time with have a major influence on you. Try to make at least one positive friend in every class. Meet ambitious people with clearly defined goals, good study habits, and healthy lifestyles. These friends can help you stay responsible. (也许你听说过这句话：“给我看看你的朋友，我就能告诉你你的未来。”这听起来可能有点夸张，但与你相处时间最长的人确实对你有着重大影响。试着在每个班里至少交一个积极的朋友。结识有明确目标、良好学习习惯和健康生活方式的有抱负的人。这些朋友可以帮助你保持责任感)”这一段主要讲的是要和积极向上、有动力的朋友在一起，本空应强调与积极的人交朋友。 D选项“Surround yourself with motivated friends. (与有动力的人交朋友)”准确地概括了段落的主要内容，适合作为段落标题，符合题意。故选D。 【43题详解】 由上文“Try to make at least one positive friend in every class. Meet ambitious people with clearly defined goals, good study habits, and healthy lifestyles. These friends can help you stay responsible. (试着在每个班里至少交一个积极的朋友。结识有明确目标、良好学习习惯和健康生活方式的有抱负的人。这些朋友可以帮助你保持责任感)”可知，本空应进一步说明这些积极朋友的好处。A选项“They’re great study buddies. (他们是很好的学习伙伴)”直接点明了这些积极朋友作为学习伙伴的好处，能承接上文，符合题意。故选A。 【44题详解】 由上文“Finally, remember to practice self-care and healthy habits. When you eat poorly and don’t get enough sleep, it impacts your mood and your mind. (最后，记得要照顾好自己，养成健康的习惯。当你吃得不好，睡眠不足时，它会影响你的情绪和大脑)”及下文“And you’ll have a tough time learning new concepts. Obviously, this is not helpful for a successful term. (你会很难学习新概念。显然，这对成功的一个学期没有帮助)”可知，本空应强调吃得不好和睡眠不足带来的负面影响。C选项“You may feel fuzzy and forgetful. (你可能会感到头脑模糊和健忘)”直接描述了吃得不好和睡眠不足可能导致的后果，能承上启下，符合题意。故选C。 第三部分 选词填空（7分） 阅读下列句子，根据句子内容，从方框中选出恰当的短语填入句子中，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A. cheer him up B. make an effort C. in person D. are put up E. graduated from F. keep fit G. calm down 45. It is important to ______ and think clearly before making a decision. 46. During the festival, many colourful decorations ______ around the houses. 47. We must ______ to achieve our goals. 48. He failed in the English test and looked sad. Let’s ______. 49. He does sports regularly to ______. 50. Zhang Tian ______ a key university two years ago. 51. Don’t always chat online. You need to meet friends ______. 【答案】45. G 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. F 50. E 51 C 【解析】 【45题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：在做决定之前，冷静下来，想清楚是很重要的。根据句意及空后“think clearly before making a decision”可知，此处为动词短语calm down“冷静下来”，满足句意要求，结合空前不定式符号to可知，为动词原形。故选G项。 【46题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：在节日期间，许多五颜六色的装饰品被挂在房子周围。根据句意及空前主语“many colourful decorations”可知，此处为动词短语be put up“被挂起来”，满足句意要求，句子陈述一般性事实，时态为一般现在时，结合主语many colourful decorations为复数名词，be动词用are。故选D项。 【47题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我们必须努力实现我们的目标。根据句意及空后“to achieve our goals”可知，此处为动词短语make an effort“努力”，满足句意要求，结合空前must情态动词可知，为动词原形。故选B项。 【48题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：他英语考试不及格，看起来很伤心。我们要让他振作起来。根据句意及前文“He failed in the English test and looked sad.”可知，此处为动词短语cheer him up“使他振作起来”，满足句意要求，let’s后接动词原形。故选A项。 【49题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：他经常做运动以保持健康。根据句意及空前“does sports regularly”可知，此处为动词短语keep fit“保持健康”，满足句意要求，结合空前不定式符号to可知，为动词原形。故选F项。 【50题详解】 考查动词短语和时态。句意：张田两年前毕业于一所重点大学。根据句意及空后“a key university”可知，此处为动词短语graduate from“毕业于”，满足句意要求，结合two years ago时间状语可知，此处应为一般过去时。故选E项。 【51题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：不要总是在网上聊天。你需要亲自去见朋友。根据句意及前文“Don’t always chat online.”可知，此处为固定短语in person“亲自”，满足句意要求。故选C项。 第四部分 书面表达（共两节，25分） 第一节 微写作（5分） 52. “近光讲堂”（Jinguang Lecture）活动开展以来，我们邀请各领域的专家开展了多场讲座。请参考下列问题写一段短文，说说自己参加“近光讲堂”活动的收获和感受。（40词左右） 参考问题：Have you benefitted from the lectures? Why? How do you feel about the lectures? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I have greatly benefited from the Jinguang Lecture activities. The lectures provided expert insights and valuable knowledge in various fields, which have broadened my horizons and improved my understanding. I feel very enriched and motivated by these informative sessions, because they inspire me to explore new subjects. I hope such activities can be held more often. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开发性作文。“近光讲堂”（Jinguang Lecture）活动开展以来，我们邀请各领域的专家开展了多场讲座。请考生参考下列问题写一段短文，说说自己参加“近光讲堂”活动的收获和感受。 【详解】1.词汇积累 提供：provide→offer 提高：improve→enhance 扩展：broaden→extend 激励：motivate→inspire 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I have greatly benefited from the Jinguang Lecture activities. 拓展句：I have greatly benefited from the Jinguang Lecture activities, which have been held recently. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The lectures provided expert insights and valuable knowledge in various fields, which have broadened my horizons and improved my understanding. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] I hope such activities can be held more often. (运用了省略that引导的宾语从句) 第二节（20分） 53. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim对中国的节日非常感兴趣，来信询问你最喜欢的一个中国传统节日。请你用英语回信介绍该节日，内容包括： 1.节日的名称、时间； 2.节日的习俗； 3.…… 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m thrilled to hear that you’re fascinated by Chinese festivals. Among all the traditional festivals, the one I cherish most is the Mid-Autumn Festival, which falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. This festival is marked by a series of customs centered around the full moon. Families gather together to enjoy a grand feast, often featuring mooncakes, which represents unity and harmony. Children hold lanterns and play games under the moonlight, while adults appreciate the beauty of the full moon, expressing their wishes for loved ones who are far away. Moreover, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a time for family reunion, reminding us of the importance of family bonds and the value of togetherness. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份给英国笔友Jim回信，介绍自己最喜欢的一个中国传统节日——中秋节。 【详解】1.词汇积累 激动的：thrilled→excited 珍视：cherish→value 盛大的：grand→royal 并且：moreover→what’s more 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Moreover, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a time for family reunion, reminding us of the importance of family bonds and the value of togetherness. 拓展句：Moreover, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a time for family reunion, which reminds us of the importance of family bonds and the value of togetherness. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Among all the traditional festivals, the one I cherish most is the Mid-Autumn Festival, which falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Moreover, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a time for family reunion, reminding us of the importance of family bonds and the value of togetherness.（运用了现分词作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 平谷区2024-2025学年度第一学期教学质量监控试卷 高一英语 2025.1 注意事项 1. 本试卷共10页，包括四部分，满分100分。考试时间90分钟。 2. 在答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级和姓名。 3. 试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 4. 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5. 考试结束，请将答题卡交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Do you think you are rich or poor? How do we ___1___ whether someone is rich or poor? Just according to the amount of money they have in their wallet, the big house they live in or the luxury car they drive? I’d like to share my ___2___ and maybe it will give you a new view. One day, I found myself with just 10 dollars in my wallet until the next payday. The gas tank on my old car was empty too. So I ___3___ to a convenience store and put 5 dollars worth of gas in the tank. As I was waiting in line to ___4___, I saw the woman in front of me anxiously searching through her purse to find enough cash to pay for 2 gallons of ___5___. For a second, selfishness held back my heart, but then I walked forward and put down my last 5 dollars to help her get the milk for her children. As I left the store I felt happy. My wallet was ___6___ but my heart felt full. I had no money but still felt like the richest man in the world. I just ___7___ the feeling of rich by helping others. It proved to be true that you can be ___8___ without money in your wallet. The truth is the more love we give, the more love we have. The more we share it, the more it ___9___ inside of us. The more we help others, the more we help ourselves. Please just enjoy all the riches of love! It’s you who can _____10_____ what kind of person you will be. 1. A. make B. tell C. treat D. look 2. A. reason B. decision C. experience D. mistake 3. A. picked up B. signed up C. put up D. pulled up 4. A. pay B. drive C. choose D. order 5. A. water B. milk C. wine D. gas 6. A. lost B. worn C. empty D. poor 7. A. enjoy B. reduce C. drag D. quit 8. A. smart B. foolish C. poor D. rich 9. A. arrives B. leaves C. grows D. moves 10. A. decide B. compare C. review D. support 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分） 阅读下列句子和短文，根据其内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 11. I ______ (study) hard and got a good grade. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12. The students ______ (finish) their homework so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13. I know the man ______ house was destroyed in the earthquake. (用适当的词填空) 14. I’m looking forward to ______ (spend) my holiday in Sanya. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15. There are different ______ (activity) in our school clubs. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16. ______ (learn) English well, I must work harder at it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17. Doing exercise can build up your ______ (strong). (所给词的适当形式填空) 18. The woman ______ is standing there is my teacher. (用适当的词填空) 19. A big library ______ (build) in our city next year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20. Look! The students are listening to the teacher ______ (careful). (所给词的适当形式填空) B 阅读短文，根据其内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 I have been a senior secondary student for a few months. My school life is ____21____ (amaze). English is the subject ____22____ interests me most. Last month, an English speech competition ____23____ (hold) in our school. My teacher encouraged me ____24____ (take) part in it and I won the first prize, which made me feel ____25____ (excite). 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Best Places to Go Camping in Olympic National Park With more than 2.5 million visitors passing through its gates every year, Washington’s Olympic National Park ranks among the most popular parks in the U. S. The best places to camp inside the park are as followed. Deer Park Campground Address: Port Angeles WA98362, USA Phone +1 360-565-3131 Just getting to Deer Park Campground is a bit of an adventure, as it requires driving along a twisty road. This campground is tent-only, which means RVs aren’t allowed. It also only has 14 campsites, which fill up quickly during the peak summer travel season. Those sites are available on a first-come, first-served basis from June through mid-October. Cost: $15/ night Hoh Campground Address: Forks, WA98331, USA Phone +1 360-374-6925 Hoh Campground is located in the heart of the Hoh Rainforest. With options for tents and RVs, the Hoh Campground is a popular one all year long. Reservations need to be made for the 72 campsites on Recreation.gov in summer, with campsites available on a first-come, first-served basis the rest of the year. Cost: $24/ night Staircase Campground Address: NF-24, Hoodsport, WA98548, USA Phone +1 360-877-5569 Staircase Campground’s 49 campsites operate on a first-come first-served basis. The location is open year-round, although flush toilets and potable water are only available during the summer. There are several campsites that can accommodate RVs, as well as five walk-in-only locations. It gets somewhat crowded throughout the summer. Cost: $24/ night Dosewallips Campground Address: Brinnon, WA98320, USA Phone +1 360-565-313145 Dosewallips Campground is a walk-in-only location. Dosewallips Campground features approximately 30 campsites, none of which can be reserved in advance. Open for camping year-round, this location receives more guests at the height of the summer travel season. Cost: Free 26. If you want to camp at Staircase Campground, you can call ______. A. +1 360-374-6925 B. +1 360-565-3131 C. +1 360-877-5569 D. +1 360-565-3145 27. Which campground provides the most campsites? A. Deer Park Campground. B. Hoh Campground. C. Staircase Campground. D. Dosewallips Campground. 28. What do these campgrounds have in common? A. They can accommodate RVs. B. They are walk-in-only locations. C. They can be reserved in advance. D. They are more crowded in summer. B A 12-year-old girl’s playground vision has become a reality, thanks to the kindness and support of Clearfield City officials who welcomed her creativity and passion. Earlier this year, young Rosili noticed that a new playground at Thornock Park was being built, but the equipment seemed more suitable for older kids. Concerned that she wouldn’t be able to enjoy it with her younger sisters, Rosili took matters into her own hands. Armed with creativity and a passion for play, she designed her ideal playground with detailed descriptions and labels. With support from her mom, Rosili took her designs to Clearfield’s city hall, where she met with Eric Howes, the city’s community services director. Impressed by the effort and thought Rosili put into her drawings, Howes took time to review each of her plans. “She put a ton of time into that and a lot of thought, and she showed it from four different angles,” Howes explained. Although the Thornock Park playground was already in progress, the city had plans to build a new playground at Bicentennial Park, and Rosili’s designs were used in the project. Rosili was involved in every step of the process, working alongside city officials and playground equipment vendors to bring her dream to life. On Tuesday, Rosili’s dream playground was officially opened at Bicentennial Park. Rosili proudly cut the ribbon at the ceremony, creating a new play space for children of all ages to enjoy — a space that was imagined and brought to life by a young girl who believed she could make a difference. 29. Rosili designed a playground because ______. A. she didn’t enjoy Thornock Park B. it would meet younger kids’ need C. she aimed to show her creativity and passion D. Clearfield City officials encouraged her to do so 30. From Howes’ words, we can infer that Rosili’s drawings were probably ______. A. copied from others B. careless and simple C. detailed and well-thought-out D. too complicated to understand 31 What can we learn about the playground at Bicentennial Park? A. It was designed for adults. B. It was built by Rosili alone. C. It was donated by the school. D. It was designed by a young girl. 32. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. How to Design a Playground B. A New Playground at Thornock Park C. The Kindness of Clearfield City Officials D. A Girl’s Dream Playground Comes True C Alcohol (酒精) is the most widely consumed drug among young people in some countries. Many of us know the negative consequences of consuming alcohol, such as getting into violent behaviors and traffic accidents. However, fewer of us consider how a few binge drinking sessions can affect the brain, especially when it is still developing. To understand these effects, we need to look at two key elements: how alcohol is metabolized, and how it affects the developing adolescent brain. Alcohol is mainly metabolized in the liver, which processes the drink after it has been absorbed. We can think of the liver as a sponge that absorbs alcohol. However, when it becomes saturated, it loses this capacity, causing the effects of drunkenness. Unfortunately, alcoholic beverages not only have temporary impacts on the functioning of our brains, they also have long-lasting effects on various aspects of the nervous system. It is important to note that during its development—up to the age of 25-30—the brain is at its most vulnerable to the effects of drugs. Moreover, these changes cause certain areas of the brain to mature earlier than others. This mismatch between the development of the brain’s reward, impulse control and decision-making systems may explain why adolescents are more likely to engage in risky behaviour. We have to stress the relationship between the age of starting alcohol consumption and later problems. The data is clear: the earlier someone starts drinking, the higher their risk of developing these conditions. This highlights the fact that there is no such thing as a healthy dose of alcohol, and no such thing as harmless binge drinking. It is crucial that we pay especially close attention to teenage drinking. 33. The first paragraph is used to ______. A. present a solution B. provide detail causes C. introduce the topic D. carry out a comparison 34. What does the word “temporary” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Short-term. B. Long-term. C. Serious. D. Slight. 35. From the text, we can infer that ______. A. it’s safer to drink at the age of 28 B. the effects of drinking has nothing to do with age C alcohol affects the brain and causes behavior problems D. only teenagers’ impulse control system is affected by alcohol 36. As for teenage drinking, the author is ______. A. worried B. indifferent C. doubtful D. supportive D Exercise Does Good to Your Brain Regular exercise is generally good for us. However, in a new report, researchers have shown that even short bursts of activity can give us a noticeable brainpower boost. The researchers, from the University of California Santa Barbara, dug through 113 previous studies. When it comes to one-off exercise sessions, the results suggest energetic activities are best for cognition. In particular, cycling and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) were linked to the biggest differences in executive functioning — that’s the part of our cognitive abilities. “Our work showed the strongest evidence for a positive effect of single bouts of exercise on cognition,” says neuroscientist Barry Giesbrecht, from UC Santa Barbara. The biggest brain gains were found in exercises less than 30 minutes in duration, and also when cognition was tested after exercise rather than during the workout itself. Energetic aerobic exercise can lead to a slight improvement in overall performance on cognitive tasks, especially on those that probe executive function and measure response time. That goes for other aspects of health besides brain flexibility too. Earlier research found that HIIT works can be good for improving heart health and reducing the risk of future health problems. “These results are surprising, considering that exercise intensity is believed to have an inverted-U (倒U型) relationship with performance, where moderate intensity exercise leads to the greatest improvements while more intense, fatiguing exercise causes decreases,” write the researchers in their published paper. The message here, as it has been in many previous studies, is that you don’t need to do a lot of exercise to start feeling the benefits — sometimes it just takes 30 minutes and even 10 minutes. Thus, enhancing your cognitive abilities or maintaining best health likely does not necessitate sticking to a strict daily workout schedule, engaging in extremely energetic activities, or even taking part in over prolonged exercises. That’s encouraging for those of us who find it difficult to get into a regular routine. 37. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. Cognition is best tested during the workout. B. Cycling is good for people’s cognitive abilities. C. Long-time exercises have the biggest impact on the brain. D. Energetic exercise makes little improvement on cognition. 38. What does the “inverted-U relationship” mean? A. Lower intensity, better performance. B. Higher intensity, better performance. C. Intensity has no effect on performance. D. Moderate intensity is best, higher may decline. 39. The purpose of this article is to ______. A. encourage people to exercise B. stress the importance of HIIT C. explain the process of a research D. introduce different types of exercise 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A new term means a fresh start. Get your term started right by practicing these strategies, and your learning efficiency will improve. Get organized. ____40____ Develop a system at the start of your term. This may include: color coded notebooks for each subject, a planner with important dates and deadlines filled out and so on. If you keep track of deadlines, know where to find everything, and keep a well-organized space, you free up your mind to focus on learning. Get into a routine. Like being organized, establishing a routine helps your life run smoothly. It’s easier said than done, but try waking up and going to sleep around the same time each day. Schedule time for the gym, any clubs or activities you participate in, and studying. ____41____ Choose a time of day when you feel especially productive. ____42____ Maybe you’ve heard the saying, “Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future.” It may sound dramatic, but it’s true that the people you spend the most time with have a major influence on you. Try to make at least one positive friend in every class. Meet ambitious people with clearly defined goals, good study habits, and healthy lifestyles. These friends can help you stay responsible. ____43____ Take good care of yourself. Finally, remember to practice self-care and healthy habits. When you eat poorly and don’t get enough sleep, it impacts your mood and your mind. ____44____ And you’ll have a tough time learning new concepts. Obviously, this is not helpful for a successful term. A. They’re great study buddies. B. Set aside time for study each day. C. You may feel fuzzy and forgetful. D. Surround yourself with motivated friends. E. Organization helps you reduce tension and stress. 第三部分 选词填空（7分） 阅读下列句子，根据句子内容，从方框中选出恰当的短语填入句子中，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A. cheer him up B. make an effort C. in person D. are put up E. graduated from F. keep fit G. calm down 45. It is important to ______ and think clearly before making a decision. 46. During the festival, many colourful decorations ______ around the houses. 47. We must ______ to achieve our goals. 48. He failed in the English test and looked sad. Let’s ______. 49. He does sports regularly to ______. 50. Zhang Tian ______ a key university two years ago. 51 Don’t always chat online. You need to meet friends ______. 第四部分 书面表达（共两节，25分） 第一节 微写作（5分） 52. “近光讲堂”（Jinguang Lecture）活动开展以来，我们邀请各领域的专家开展了多场讲座。请参考下列问题写一段短文，说说自己参加“近光讲堂”活动的收获和感受。（40词左右） 参考问题：Have you benefitted from the lectures? Why? How do you feel about the lectures? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 53. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim对中国的节日非常感兴趣，来信询问你最喜欢的一个中国传统节日。请你用英语回信介绍该节日，内容包括： 1.节日的名称、时间； 2.节日的习俗； 3.…… 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$