精品解析：北京市昌平区2024-2025学年高一上学期期末英语试题

昌平区2024—2025学年第一学期高一年级期末质量抽测 英语试卷 本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 After New Year dinner, our family was relaxing around the table. My sister, our cook, took pleasure in our praises for the meal, while Dad stood nearby, smiling. My nephew, never still for long, began dribbling (运球) his new basketball around the room. When he neared Dad, he ___1___ — almost uncertainly. With shaking hands, Dad reached out for the ball, and after some hesitation (犹豫), it was given to him. I ___2___ Dad to see how he would react. A playful smile appeared on Dad’s face, and his eyes shone brighter than any lights. Holding the ball and reaching forward, he bounced the ball on the floor, ___3___ it, and repeated the motion. Then, nodding happily, he ___4___ the rest of us and invited us to begin a game of catch. The ball passed between ___5___ hands, with cries of “Over here!” filling the kitchen. Although Dad had Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症), which took away his memories and the recognition of people, things, and points in time, he clearly recognized the ___6___ and caught it. For me, this was meaningful. In my younger years, I ___7___ played with Dad because he worked very hard and shared little emotion. ___8___ moments between father and son had been few before he took the basketball. I’m not sure how long we played, but it didn’t matter. Dad joyfully led us until he began to feel tired. What I do know is that our game ___9___, and it was time to face the reality of dirty dishes on the table, but the memory of that game will last forever. On that New Years’ Day, Dad gave me a precious _____10_____ — a moment I will always treasure. 1. A. ran B. stopped C. laughed D. fell 2. A. calmed B. searched C. asked D. watched 3. A. picked B. left C. caught D. touched 4. A. turned to B. agreed with C. clapped for D. depended on 5. A. helpful B. skillful C. gentle D. eager 6. A. person B. ball C. day D. room 7 A. once B. sometimes C. seldom D. often 8. A. Connecting B. Celebrating C. Inspiring D. Caring 9. A. lasted B. ended C. changed D. failed 10. A. lesson B. promise C. gift D. option 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者和家人一起玩接球游戏，患有阿尔兹海默症的父亲也参与其中，这让作者感受到了父爱的温暖，成为作者永远珍藏的记忆。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他靠近爸爸时，他几乎不确定地停了下来。A. ran跑；B. stopped停止；C. laughed大笑；D. fell摔倒。根据后文“With shaking hands, Dad reached out for the ball, and after some hesitation (犹豫), it was given to him.”可知，爸爸手颤抖着去接球，犹豫之后，球才到了他手里，说明侄子靠近爸爸时，停了下来，把球给了爸爸。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看着爸爸，看他会有什么反应。A. calmed使冷静；B. searched搜索；C. asked询问；D. watched观看。根据后文“A playful smile appeared on Dad’s face, and his eyes shone brighter than any lights.”可知，作者看着爸爸，才看到了爸爸脸上的笑容，和发亮的眼睛。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他拿着球向前伸，把球在地板上弹了一下，接住它，然后重复这个动作。A. picked捡起；B. left离开；C. caught接住；D. touched触摸。根据后文“invited us to begin a game of catch”可知，此处指把球接住。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后，他高兴地点点头，转向我们其他人，邀请我们开始玩接球游戏。A. turned to转向；B. agreed with同意；C. clapped for为……鼓掌；D. depended on依靠。根据后文“the rest of us and invited us to begin a game of catch”可知，爸爸转向我们其他人，邀请我们开始玩接球游戏。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：球在热切的手中传递，厨房里充满了“这边！”的喊声。A. helpful有帮助的；B. skillful熟练的；C. gentle温柔的；D. eager热切的。根据后文“With cries of “Over here!” filling the kitchen.”可知，厨房里充满了“这边！”的喊声，说明大家玩接球游戏时，都很热切。故选D。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管爸爸患有阿尔茨海默病，这夺走了他的记忆和对人、事物和时间点的认识，但他清楚地认出了球，并接住了它。A. person人；B. ball球；C. day天；D. room房间。根据前文“My nephew, never still for long, began dribbling (运球) his new basketball around the room.”可知，侄子在房间里运球，所以此处指的是爸爸认出了球，并接住了它。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在我年轻的时候，我很少和爸爸一起玩，因为他工作很辛苦，很少表达情感。A. once曾经；B. sometimes有时；C. seldom很少；D. often经常。根据后文“because he worked very hard and shared little emotion”可知，因为爸爸工作很辛苦，很少表达情感，所以我很少和爸爸一起玩。故选C。 8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他拿起篮球之前，父子之间很少有交流的时刻。A. Connecting连接的；B. Celebrating庆祝的；C. Inspiring鼓舞人心的；D. Caring体贴的。根据前文“because he worked very hard and shared little emotion”可知，爸爸工作很辛苦，很少表达情感，所以父子之间连接时刻不多，即很少有交流的时刻。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我所知道的是，我们的游戏结束了，是时候面对桌上脏盘子的现实了，但那场游戏的记忆将永远持续下去。A. lasted持续；B. ended结束；C. changed改变；D. failed失败。根据后文“and it was time to face the reality of dirty dishes on the table”可知，是时候面对桌上脏盘子的现实了，说明游戏结束了。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个新年，爸爸给了我一份珍贵的礼物——一个我将永远珍藏的时刻。A. lesson课；B. promise承诺；C. gift礼物；D. option选择。根据后文“a moment I will always treasure”可知，那个和爸爸一起玩接球游戏的时刻，对作者来说，是一份珍贵的礼物，作者将永远珍藏。故选C。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Are you a new runner? Here is some advice for you — it is important ____11____ (warm) up and cool down properly before and after running, so you do not hurt yourself. A warm-up gets your blood flowing faster and prepares your body ____12____ you take exercise. After a long run, you should jog slowly ____13____ ten minutes, then walk. Such kind of warm-down relaxes your body after exercise. 【答案】11 to warm 12. before 13. for 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要给新跑步者提供了一些关于跑步前后如何正确热身和放松的建议。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：以下是一些给你的建议——跑步前后正确地热身和放松是非常重要的，这样可以避免受伤。“it is + adj. + to do sth.”的固定句型，it为形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。故填to warm。 【12题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：热身能让你的血液流动得更快，并在你锻炼之前准备好你的身体。根据句意“热身能让你的血液流动得更快，并在你锻炼之前准备好你的身体”，需要填入一个表示时间顺序的连词，表示“在……之前”应用before。故填before。 【13题详解】 考查介词。句意：长跑结束后，你应该先慢跑十分钟，然后再步行。空处需要填入一个表示时间段的介词，“for”后接一段时间，表示持续的时间，符合句意。故填for。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Zhang Tian graduated from university and got a teacher’s certificate last year. His parents, like most, hoped he ____14____ (go) to a big city to find a teaching job in the future. However, he wanted to start a new lifestyle. He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he ____15____ (inspire) by them to go and teach where he was needed the most. He imagined all sorts of ____16____ (excite) things about teaching and living in the village. 【答案】14. would go 15. was inspired 16. exciting 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了张天大学毕业后，没有选择去大城市找工作，而是受到早年遇到的来自小村庄的优秀老师的启发，决定去最需要他的地方教书，开启一种全新的生活方式。 【14题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：他的父母，和大多数人一样，希望他将来能去大城市找一份教书的工作。空处作谓语，此句中的hoped表明是希望将来发生的事情，所以应该使用过去将来时。过去将来时的结构是“would + 动词原形”，因此这里填would go。故填would go。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：他在早年求学时遇到过一些来自小村庄的优秀老师，他们激励他去最需要他的地方教书。空处作谓语，此句中的by them表明张天是受到他们的启发，所以应该使用被动语态，又因为文章描述的是过去的事情，所以应该使用一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were + 过去分词，主语he是单数，be动词用was。故填was inspired。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他想象着在村里教书和生活的各种令人兴奋的事情。修饰名词things，需用形容词作定语，修饰的主体是物，需用-ing结尾的形容词。故填exciting。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Chinese New Year, whose origin can be dated back to the Shang Dynasty, is the ____17____ (big) Chinese festival both socially and economically. Food ____18____ (play) an important role in Chinese New Year. Dumplings are important to the New Year dinner; their ____19____ (important) lays in their shape because it is similar to the shape of a Chinese golden nugget (砖). Fish is also important as fish in Chinese is “yu” ____20____ means plentiful. 【答案】17. biggest 18. plays 19. importance 20. which##that 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国新年的起源、重要性以及新年食物中饺子和鱼的象征意义。 【17题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：中国新年，其起源可追溯至商朝，是社会和经济上最盛大的中国节日。空处修饰名词festival，需用形容词作定语，根据句意可知，定冠词the修饰形容词最高级。故填biggest。 【18题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：食物在中国新年中扮演着重要角色。句子描述的是一个客观事实，即食物在中国新年中扮演着重要角色，应该用一般现在时，主语Food是单数形式，所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故填plays。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：饺子是年夜饭中的重要食物，它们的重要性在于其形状，因为它与中国金元宝的形状相似。空处作主语，需用名词importance。故填importance。 【20题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：鱼也很重要，因为中文中的“鱼”寓意着“余”（富足）。空处引导定语从句，先行词yu，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A We are delighted to be able to offer free desk space to work within the Imaginate office. This space is free for people working with or creating for young audiences — makers, designers, technicians, producers, programmers — but must be booked ahead of time. As our office gets busier in the months leading up to the Festival, the hot desk is harder to book from March to mid-June especially on Mondays and Wednesdays. Please email info@imaginate.com with your preferred days and any access (访问) requirements or questions if you’d like to come hot-desking. Who is hot-desking for? Anyone who works in/who is interested in working with young audiences: artists, designers, employees of arts organisations. What do you get? ● Access to a desk and a connection point to use your laptop ● Free tea and coffee, as well as access to a kitchen for lunch ● Free access to a printer and Free Wi-Fi What does a typical week in Imaginate office look like? At Imaginate, we work in a big open space with good natural daylight. We like chatting about our day, the latest show we’ve seen and have passionate discussion about social problems or the latest TV series airing. The office can be quite noisy, especially between 13:00-14:00 where we all gather around the big table with drinks or foods. We’d be delighted if you could join us for lunch, but feel free to step out for some fresh air if you prefer. Why do we want to share our space with you? We offer Arts Workers spaces for hot-desking in our office because: ● we know what it feels like to work from home most of the day and need a change of setting without having to pay for endless coffees. ● we know what it feels like to be on a day trip, have 2 hours to kill and be not sure what to do before catching the cheaper train. your presence is good for our own networking, so you’ re also helping us by keeping us company! For more information welcome to visit our home page https:www.imaginate.com. 21. To use hot desks in Imaginate office, one needs to ______. A. share lunch with the workers B. pay for the space and service C. book the desk space by email D. keep quiet while working there 22. The Imaginate office offers hot desks to ______. A. encourage people to work from home B. make some money from selling coffee C. provide a chance to plan one’s day trip D. benefit the customers and the company 23. This passage is probably taken from ______. A. a travel guide book B. a company website C. a local news report D. an instruction book 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Imaginate办公室提供的免费共享办公桌（hot-desking）服务，包括服务对象、提供的设施、办公室环境以及开放此服务的初衷等。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“This space is free for people working with or creating for young audiences — makers, designers, technicians, producers, programmers — but must be booked ahead of time. Please email info@imaginate.com with your preferred days and any access requirements or questions if you’d like to come hot-desking.(这个空间免费提供给为年轻观众工作或创作的人——制作者、设计师、技术人员、制作人、程序员——但必须提前预订。如果您想来使用共享办公桌，请通过电子邮件info@imaginate.com告知我们您偏好的日期以及任何访问要求或问题。)”可知，要使用Imaginate办公室的共享办公桌，需要通过电子邮件提前预订。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“We offer Arts Workers spaces for hot-desking in our office because: ... your presence is good for our own networking, so you’ re also helping us by keeping us company!(我们在办公室为艺术工作者提供共享办公桌的空间，因为：……你的存在对我们的社交网络有好处，所以你也在通过陪伴我们帮助我们！)”可知，Imaginate办公室提供共享办公桌是为了让艺术工作者有一个工作的空间，同时也对公司自身的社交网络有好处，即使客户和公司都受益。故选D。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“For more information, welcome to visit our home page https:www.imaginate.com.(如需更多信息，欢迎访问我们的主页：https:www.imaginate.com.)”可知，这里提到了公司的主页网址，由此可推知，本文很可能来自公司的网站。故选B。 B I’ve always loved cats. But until nine years ago, my pet cats had a high number of deaths. I decided that my next cat was going to live indoors only. But then came Oliver. He was left at a vet’s office. My sister worked there, and the workers were having trouble finding him a home. The workers found him ordinary. They only kept him because he was a willing blood donor (捐献者). It broke my sister’s heart to see the little cat offer his arm for the needle (针). So, she called me to come and see him. When I met Oliver, I fell in love immediately. He had soft black fur (毛皮) with a white undercoat, a round face, and golden eyes. I named him Oliver and brought him home. But Oliver wasn’t an indoors-only cat. He cried at the door and tried to get out. After much discussion, my family and I built a 30-by-15-foot outdoor cat run with walls, grass and toys. Oliver loved it - lying in the grass, enjoying the sun, and watching birds. But that was not the end of it! The cat run overlooked an empty lot, inspiring the idea for a wildlife garden. So, I read books and magazines, visited child-care centres and went on garden tours to educate myself. I was not sure if I had the skills or knowledge to do it right, but I reasoned, no one would ever see the garden but us. With my dad, a retired worker, and the rest of my family, we cleared the land, planted thousands of trees, bushes, and flowers, and added roads, a pool, and garden decorations - much of it cat-themed. Everything was perfect! Our “Meyer Cat Garden” soon attracted birds, squirrels, frogs, and even deer. A friend suggested it for Spokane’s garden tour, and 5,000 visitors came. People loved its emotion and creativity. Media coverage followed, and since then, over 10,000 people have toured the garden, from nursing home members to national garden groups. The project changed my life. Working together brought my family closer. What matters most, I became an experienced gardener, head of our garden club, and confident in public speaking. Oliver, our inspiration, watches the garden from his cat run, satisfied and safe. We joke that with the cost of plants, decorations, and countless hours of labor, we’ve spent over $100,000 - earning Oliver the title of our “$100,000 homeless cat.” 24. The writer brought Oliver home because she ______. A. needed a pet blood donor B. wanted to help her sister C. felt sorry for her last cats D. loved him at the first sight 25. The writer decided to build an outdoor cat run to ______. A. meet Oliver’s need B. attract more wildlife C. start a garden project D. learn gardening skills 26. According to the passage, the “Meyer Cat Garden” ______. A brought inspiration to the writer B. helped with the writer’s growth C. attracted more cats to the family D. was built by the writer effortlessly 27. Which words can best describe the writer? A. Strict and serious. B. Brave and focused. C. Gentle and outgoing. D. Creative and caring. 【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B 27. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因为收养了流浪猫Oliver，受其启发而建造了一个“Meyer Cat Garden”，这个花园不仅改变了作者的生活，还吸引了大量游客，使作者成为了一个有经验的园艺师和演讲者。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“When I met Oliver, I fell in love immediately. He had soft black fur with a white undercoat, a round face, and golden eyes. I named him Oliver and brought him home. (当我见到Oliver时，我立刻爱上了他。他有柔软的黑色皮毛，下面是白色的绒毛，圆圆的脸，金色的眼睛。我给他起名叫Oliver，并把他带回了家。)”可知，作者第一眼看到Oliver就爱上了他，所以把他带回了家。故选D。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“But Oliver wasn’t an indoors-only cat. He cried at the door and tried to get out. After much discussion, my family and I built a 30-by-15-foot outdoor cat run with walls, grass and toys. (但Oliver不是一只只待在室内的猫。他在门口哭喊着想出去。经过多次讨论，我和我的家人建了一个30乘15英尺的室外猫跑道，有墙、草地和玩具。)”可知，作者决定建造一个室外猫跑道是为了满足Oliver的需求。故选A。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The project changed my life. Working together brought my family closer. What matters most, I became an experienced gardener, head of our garden club, and confident in public speaking. (这个项目改变了我的生活。一起工作让我的家人更亲密了。最重要的是，我成为了一名有经验的园艺师，我们花园俱乐部的负责人，并且对公开演讲充满信心。)”可知，“Meyer Cat Garden”帮助了作者成长。故选B。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。文章讲述了作者收养了一只流浪猫Oliver，并受其启发建造了一个吸引了大量游客的“Meyer Cat Garden”，这表明作者是一个有爱心且有创造力的人。故选D。 C For years, scientists have believed that the only way oxygen could be created in the ocean was through photosynthesis (光合作用). That’s how plants turn sunlight into energy while also producing oxygen. Huge amounts of oxygen get produced in the sunlight of the upper ocean, but scientists expected that on the dark ocean bottom, oxygen levels would drop as animals used the water’s oxygen for energy. But in 2013, Andrew Sweetman, a scientist who studies the ocean floor, began to notice something strange. When he measured the oxygen in the water above the ocean floor, he found that the levels of oxygen were rising. That didn’t make sense. Dr. Sweetman thought his equipment wasn’t working. In 2021, he used a different method to measure the oxygen levels. The new measurements also showed oxygen levels rising. That’s when he realized something unusual was going on. Somehow, oxygen was being created on the dark ocean floor. Dr. Sweetman noticed that some small rock-like objects called “polymetallic nodules (多金属结核)”, which form naturally on the ocean floor over millions of years may be responsible for creating the “dark oxygen”. To learn more about how the oxygen was being created, Dr. Sweetman collected some of the nodules and the ocean floor around them and took them back to the laboratory to study. At first, they thought that tiny living things called microbes might be creating the oxygen. Then they thought that the nodules might be giving off the oxygen somehow. But neither idea was right. Finally, Dr. Sweetman began to wonder if the nodules were somehow acting like batteries (电池), and producing electricity. The idea made sense. After all, when electricity is passed through salt water, it separates the water into hydrogen and oxygen in a process called “electrolysis”. Working with scientists at Northwestern University, Dr. Sweetman discovered that the nodules produce a small amount of electricity. When the nodules are close together, they create enough electricity to produce the oxygen that Dr. Sweetman had found. The discovery raises more concerns about deep-sea mining. These nodules are exactly what many mining companies are hoping to collect. The nodules are full of important metals. Dr. Sweetman believes that mining groups should think carefully about the new discovery before they start mining. The scientists say that the nodules may be important to the way the deep sea works. They are afraid that deep-sea mining could destroy the nodules and the environment around them. 28. What did Andrew Sweetman find strange? A. Photosynthesis is not the only way to create oxygen. B. The levels of oxygen of the upper ocean fell sharply. C. His equipment used to measure oxygen didn’t function. D. Oxygen levels on the ocean floor increase unexpectedly. 29. Paragraph 3 and 4 are mainly about how Dr. Sweetman ______. A. found where “dark oxygen” comes from B. conducted his experiment on “dark oxygen” C. discovered that nodules can produce electricity D. proved the oxygen can be created on ocean floor 30. As for deep-sea mining, Dr. Sweetman is ______. A. hopeful B. disappointed C. worried D. cheerful 【答案】28. D 29. A 30. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家Andrew Sweetman对深海氧气水平意外上升的研究发现以及这一发现对深海采矿的潜在影响。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“But in 2013, Andrew Sweetman, a scientist who studies the ocean floor, began to notice something strange. When he measured the oxygen in the water above the ocean floor, he found that the levels of oxygen were rising. That didn’t make sense.(但在2013年，研究海底的科学家Andrew Sweetman开始注意到一些奇怪的现象。当他测量海底上方水中的氧气时，他发现氧气含量在上升。这说不通。)”可知，Andrew Sweetman发现奇怪的事情是海底的氧气水平意外增加。故选D。 【29题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Dr. Sweetman noticed that some small rock-like objects called ‘polymetallic nodules’, which form naturally on the ocean floor over millions of years, may be responsible for creating the ‘dark oxygen’.(Sweetman博士注意到，一些被称为‘多金属结核’的小石头状物体，它们在数百万年的时间里自然形成在海底，可能是产生‘暗氧’的原因。)”和第四段“Finally, Dr. Sweetman began to wonder if the nodules were somehow acting like batteries, and producing electricity. The idea made sense. After all, when electricity is passed through salt water, it separates the water into hydrogen and oxygen in a process called ‘electrolysis’. Working with scientists at Northwestern University, Dr. Sweetman discovered that the nodules produce a small amount of electricity. When the nodules are close together, they create enough electricity to produce the oxygen that Dr. Sweetman had found.(最后，Sweetman博士开始想，这些结节是否在某种程度上像电池一样，产生电。这个想法是有道理的。毕竟，当电流通过盐水时，它会将水分解成氢和氧，这个过程被称为‘电解’。Sweetman博士与西北大学的科学家合作，发现这些结节会产生少量的电。当这些结节靠得很近时，它们会产生足够的电来产生Sweetman博士发现的氧气。)”可知，第三段和第四段主要是关于Dr. Sweetman如何发现“暗氧”的来源。故选A。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“They are afraid that deep-sea mining could destroy the nodules and the environment around them.(他们担心深海采矿可能会破坏这些结核和它们周围的环境。)”可推测出，至于深海采矿，Dr. Sweetman是担心的。故选C。 D Obesity (肥胖) is not a choice and making people feel ashamed only results in their feeling worse about themselves, a report by leading psychologists (心理学家) says. It calls for modifications in language to reduce shame, such as saying “a person with obesity” rather than an “obese person”. And it says health professionals should be trained to talk about losing weight in a more supportive way. The report points to a troubling rise in obesity levels across the UK. Between 2005 and 2017, obesity levels rose by 18% in England and by similar amounts in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. But these increases cannot be explained by a sudden decrease of willpower across the UK. It is far more than that, according to the British Psychological Society report, which concludes it “is not simply down to an individual’s missing of determination”. “The people who are most likely to be an unhealthy weight are those who have a high genetic (遗传的) risk of developing obesity and whose lives are also shaped by work, school and social environments that encourage overeating and inactivity,” it says. “People who live in poor areas often experience high levels of stress, including major life challenges and injury, and often their neighborhoods offer few chances and encouragements for physical activity and choices for getting affordable healthy food are limited.” Psychological experiences also play a big role, the report says, with up to half of adults attending obesity services having experienced difficulties in childhood. And stress caused by fat shaming or being made to feel bad about one’s weight by public health activities, nurses and policymakers, often leads to increased eating and more weight gain. A talk show actor James Corden recently spoke out against fat shaming, saying: “If making fun of fat people made them lose weight, there’d be no fat kids in schools.” Psychologists can use their knowledge to help train health professionals to communicate better on obesity, says Dr Angel Chater, report author and reader in health psychology and behaviour design at the University of Bedfordshire. “We can help, not just by devising ways of helping individuals, but also by advising on public policy which will help create an environment in which people find it easier not to become obese in the first place.” However, the psychologists are not in favour of obesity being classed as a “disease”, because, they say, this could take the focus away from behavioral changes that could succeed. 31. What does the underlined word “modifications” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Changes. B. Styles. C. Helps. D. Interests. 32. The author quotes James Corden’s comment in Paragraph 4 to ______. A. show his concern B. offer his suggestion C. support his opinion D. explain his statement 33. We can learn from the passage that obesity is ______. A. a matter of sudden decrease in determination B. a common problem shaped by various factors C. a psychological disease that calls for attention D. a rude expression that makes people feel worse 34. What does the writer intend to tell us? A. People should discuss obesity in a respectful way. B. Professional advice matters a lot to overweight people. C. People with obesity tend to feel ashamed of themselves. D. Behavioral changes contribute greatly to losing weight. 【答案】31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了肥胖问题，并强调了使用尊重性语言讨论肥胖问题的重要性。文章指出，肥胖并非个人选择，而是由多种因素共同作用的结果。因此，我们应该以更尊重和理解的态度来对待肥胖人群，避免使用带有羞耻感的言辞来伤害他们。 【31题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“such as saying “a person with obesity” rather than an “obese person”(例如说“一个肥胖的人”而不是“一个胖子”)”可知，报告呼吁对语言进行修改，以减少羞耻感，由此可知，modifications的意思是“改变”。故选A。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“A talk show actor James Corden recently spoke out against fat shaming, saying: “If making fun of fat people made them lose weight, there’d be no fat kids in schools.”(脱口秀演员詹姆斯·柯登最近公开反对嘲笑肥胖者，他说：“如果嘲笑胖子能让他们减肥，那学校里就不会有胖孩子了。”)”可知，作者在第四段引用詹姆斯·柯登的评论，是为了支持自己之前提出的观点，即嘲笑或羞辱肥胖者并不能帮助他们减肥，反而可能导致他们吃得更多，体重增加。故选C。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段““The people who are most likely to be an unhealthy weight are those who have a high genetic risk of developing obesity and whose lives are also shaped by work, school and social environments that encourage overeating and inactivity,” it says.(报告说：“最有可能体重不健康的人是那些有较高遗传风险发展为肥胖的人，以及那些生活受到工作、学校和社会环境影响的人，这些环境鼓励过度饮食和不活动。”)”可知，肥胖并非仅仅是由个人意志力突然下降导致的，而是由遗传、工作、学校和社会环境等多种因素共同作用的结果。因此，肥胖是一个由多种因素塑造的常见问题。故选B。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。文章主要讨论了肥胖问题，并强调了使用尊重性语言讨论肥胖问题的重要性。文章指出，肥胖并非个人选择，而是由多种因素共同作用的结果。因此，我们应该以更尊重和理解的态度来对待肥胖人群，避免使用带有羞耻感的言辞来伤害他们。由此可知，作者意图告诉我们应该以尊重的方式讨论肥胖问题，避免给肥胖人群带来额外的羞耻感和压力。因此，A选项“People should discuss obesity in a respectful way.(人们应该以尊重的方式讨论肥胖问题。)”符合题意。故选A。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The sun is the one thing you can depend on to be there for you every day, without fail. It rises every day and provides a new beginning to each day. ____35____ Research has proved that it helps you fight tension and stress and does it all for free. To watch the sunrise, you have to get up early. When you get up at daybreak and start your day, you will be naturally tired at the end of the day. ____36____ Finally, your body’s internal clock will be reset to a regular routine. This not only helps you to sleep better and keep healthy, but also to lose and maintain weight. At sunrise, the world is peaceful, noiseless and calm. ____37____ The quiet environment fills your inner world with peace, and you feel the love that nature has for you. This love does help to face every day with the knowledge that you’ re not alone, and there is a greater force which is helping you every day. ____38____ The calm and quiet moments before the sun can make you feel happy and peaceful. You realize your own value and your stress levels come down. The positivity within you will help you make better decisions during the day. Your concentration also improves and you can take in information better. With more than half of the day spent sitting in front of computers and laptops, the experience of watching the sunrise gives you the time to take a break from your digital life. ____39____ A. You will sleep early to wake up early. B. This simple act inspires you to change your attitude. C. Watching the sunrise can do wonders for your health. D. You can feel a deep connection between you and nature. E. Sunrise is one of the most beautiful experiences that nature can give us. F. The experience of watching the sunrise can also influence how you feel. G. So, take a moment to watch the sunrise and let the shining light fill you with joy. 【答案】35. C 36. A 37. D 38. F 39. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了观看日出对身心健康的益处。 【35题详解】 根据上文“The sun is the one thing you can depend on to be there for you every day, without fail. It rises every day and provides a new beginning to each day. (太阳是你每天可以依赖的东西，它永远不会失败。它每天升起，为每一天提供一个新的开始。)”和下文“Research has proved that it helps you fight tension and stress and does it all for free. (研究证明，它能帮助你对抗紧张和压力，而且这一切都是免费的。)”可知，上下文都说明了太阳或看日出对人有好处，所以空白处也应说明看日出对人有益。选项C“观看日出可以为你的健康带来奇迹”符合语境。故选C。 【36题详解】 根据上文“When you get up at daybreak and start your day, you will be naturally tired at the end of the day. (当你黎明起床开始你的一天时，你在一天结束时自然会感到疲倦。)”和下文“Finally, your body’s internal clock will be reset to a regular routine.(最后，你身体的生物钟会被重置为一个有规律的作息。)”可知，本段主要讲的是早起会让人在一天结束时感到疲倦，从而早睡，进而调整生物钟。选项A“你会早睡以早起”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 【37题详解】 根据上文“At sunrise, the world is peaceful, noiseless and calm. (日出时，世界是宁静的，没有噪音，很平静。)”和下文“The quiet environment fills your inner world with peace, and you feel the love that nature has for you. (安静的环境让你的内心世界充满了和平，你感受到了大自然对你的爱。)”可知，上下文都表明了人与自然之间的联系，所以空白处也应表明这种联系。选项D“你可以感受到你和自然之间深深的联系”符合语境。故选D。 【38题详解】 根据下文“The calm and quiet moments before the sun can make you feel happy and peaceful. You realize your own value and your stress levels come down. The positivity within you will help you make better decisions during the day. Your concentration also improves and you can take in information better. (日出前的平静时刻能让你感到快乐和宁静。你意识到自己的价值，压力水平也会下降。你内心的积极性会帮助你在白天做出更好的决定。你的注意力也会提高，你能更好地吸收信息。)”可知，本段主要讲的是看日出时的感受以及看日出对人的积极影响，所以空白处应总起本段，说明看日出会影响人的感受。选项F“观看日出的经历也会影响你的感受”符合语境。故选F。 【39题详解】 根据上文“With more than half of the day spent sitting in front of computers and laptops, the experience of watching the sunrise gives you the time to take a break from your digital life. (一天中有一半以上的时间坐在电脑和笔记本电脑前，观看日出的经历让你有时间从数字生活中抽身出来。)”可知，上文表明了作者倡议人们从数字生活中抽身出来去看日出，所以空白处应承接上文，说明要去看日出。选项G“所以，花点时间看日出，让灿烂的阳光带给你快乐”符合语境。故选G。 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Sometimes I really wish that I hadn’t quit swimming. It’s a great form of exercise, yet, when I think back to the days when I had been in swimming classes, I still suffer from the fear for all the pains, and jealousy (嫉妒) I had felt in that environment. I wasn’t a bad swimmer back then. I was even in the highest-level group in the entire club. Although, within all these top swimmers, I was practically one of the worst. That being said, I was not content to remain even at the bottom of the top, so I worked hard and tried my best to improve. I had always been told “hard work pays off.” But I felt I was working harder than my classmates but still stuck at the tail end of the group. Disappointed, I gave it up. For a long time, I told myself my jealous y was an unavoidable step for self-improvement. I was afraid that letting go of my competitive drive would lead to a habit of underachievement. Therefore, I needed competition and comparison to do better. For a while, this was effective. My competitive nature pushed me to work harder in swimming class instead of taking the easy way out. It was only after I quit swimming that I learned that negative (负面的) comparison is not the only way to get inspired. In fact, there are many other good options that I can use to push myself forward without leading to a sense of failure when falling short of goals. I now understood that going swimming by itself would have met my goal of exercise, and I would have been content enough with being in competition with myself. I have applied this kind of thinking for many of the other things since. It helped give me a better understanding of success, be it in swimming or other fields. 40. Why did the writer give up swimming? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What did the writer learn after giving up swimming? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The writer finally understood that he should be content because he had already been in the highest-level group. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. After reading this passage, what is your understanding of “competition”? (In about 40 words) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Because the writer felt he was working harder than my classmates but still stuck at the tail end of the group. 或Because the writer felt he was working harder than my classmates but still stuck at the tail end of the group. He was disappointed. 或Because the writer felt his efforts didn’t pay off. 41. Negative comparison is not the only way to get inspired. 42. The writer finally understood that he should be content because he had already been in the highest-level group. Because the writer went to the swimming class for exercise and he achieved his goal. 43. Competition can be a motivator, but it shouldn't be the only source of inspiration. It's important to also focus on personal growth and self-improvement, rather than just comparing oneself to others. This approach helps maintain a positive mindset and avoids unnecessary feelings of failure. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者通过回忆自己参加游泳班的经历，反思了竞争、努力与满足之间的关系，以及负面比较对个人心态的影响。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“But I felt I was working harder than my classmates but still stuck at the tail end of the group. Disappointed, I gave it up.(但我觉得自己比同学们都要努力，却还是处于小组的末尾。心灰意冷之下，我放弃了。)”可知，作者觉得自己比同学们更努力，但仍然排在最后，所以失望地放弃了。故答案是Because the writer felt he was working harder than my classmates but still stuck at the tail end of the group./Because the writer felt he was working harder than my classmates but still stuck at the tail end of the group. He was disappointed./Because the writer felt his efforts didn’t pay off。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“It was only after I quit swimming that I learned that negative comparison is not the only way to get inspired.(直到我放弃游泳之后，我才意识到，负面的比较并不是获取激励的唯一途径。)”可知，作者在放弃游泳后才意识到，负面的比较并不是获得激励的唯一途径。故答案是Negative comparison is not the only way to get inspired.。 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“I now understood that going swimming by itself would have met my goal of exercise, and I would have been content enough with being in competition with myself.(现在我明白了，单单是去游泳本身就能达到我锻炼的目标，而且与自己竞争就足以让我感到满足了。)”可知，作者最后明白了，游泳本身就能达到锻炼的目的，他满足于和自己竞争，而不是因为他已经在最高级别的组里了。所以“因为他已经在最高级别的组里了”这部分是错误的。故答案是The writer finally understood that he should be content because he had already been in the highest-level group. Because the writer went to the swimming class for exercise and he achieved his goal. 【43题详解】 开放性题目，只要回答合理即可。参考答案：竞争可以是一种激励因素，但它不应该是激励的唯一来源。重要的是还要关注个人成长和自我提升，而不仅仅是与他人比较。这种方法有助于保持积极的心态，避免不必要的失败感。故答案是Competition can be a motivator, but it shouldn't be the only source of inspiration. It’s important to also focus on personal growth and self-improvement, rather than just comparing oneself to others. This approach helps maintain a positive mindset and avoids unnecessary feelings of failure.。 第二节 书面表达(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算组织一次以中国传统运动项目为主题的社团活动，来信请你推荐一项适宜外国人学习的中国传统运动项目。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．推荐的中国传统运动项目; 2．推荐的理由。 注意：1．词数100左右; 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Happy to hear from you! I am pleased to know that you’re going to organize a club activity themed Chinese traditional exercises. I would like to recommend Baduanjin for your club activity. It is a traditional Chinese Qigong known for its slow movement and deep breathing. It is suitable for foreigners because it doesn’t require any special equipment or high physical fitness level to start with. Plus, it offers numerous health benefits such as stress relief, improved balance and flexibility. I believe your members will enjoy learning this ancient practice while experiencing the essence of Chinese culture. If you need more help, please let me know! Yours, Lihua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生给英国好友Jim回信，推荐一项适宜外国人学习的中国传统运动项目。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：pleased→delighted 适合的：suitable→proper 帮助：help→assist 提供：offer→provide 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：I would like to recommend Baduanjin for your club activity. It is a traditional Chinese Qigong known for its slow movement and deep breathing. 拓展句：I would like to recommend Baduanjin for your club activity, which is a traditional Chinese Qigong known for its slow movement and deep breathing. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I am pleased to know that you’re going to organize a club activity themed Chinese traditional exercises.（运用了that引导宾语从句，过去分词themed作后置定语） [高分句型2] It is suitable for foreigners because it doesn’t require any special equipment or high physical fitness level to start with.（运用了because引导原因状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 昌平区2024—2025学年第一学期高一年级期末质量抽测 英语试卷 本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 After New Year dinner, our family was relaxing around the table. My sister, our cook, took pleasure in our praises for the meal, while Dad stood nearby, smiling. My nephew, never still for long, began dribbling (运球) his new basketball around the room. When he neared Dad, he ___1___ — almost uncertainly. With shaking hands, Dad reached out for the ball, and after some hesitation (犹豫), it was given to him. I ___2___ Dad to see how he would react. A playful smile appeared on Dad’s face, and his eyes shone brighter than any lights. Holding the ball and reaching forward, he bounced the ball on the floor, ___3___ it, and repeated the motion. Then, nodding happily, he ___4___ the rest of us and invited us to begin a game of catch. The ball passed between ___5___ hands, with cries of “Over here!” filling the kitchen. Although Dad had Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症), which took away his memories and the recognition of people, things, and points in time, he clearly recognized the ___6___ and caught it. For me, this was meaningful. In my younger years, I ___7___ played with Dad because he worked very hard and shared little emotion. ___8___ moments between father and son had been few before he took the basketball. I’m not sure how long we played, but it didn’t matter. Dad joyfully led us until he began to feel tired. What I do know is that our game ___9___, and it was time to face the reality of dirty dishes on the table, but the memory of that game will last forever. On that New Years’ Day, Dad gave me a precious _____10_____ — a moment I will always treasure. 1. A. ran B. stopped C. laughed D. fell 2. A. calmed B. searched C. asked D. watched 3. A. picked B. left C. caught D. touched 4. A. turned to B. agreed with C. clapped for D. depended on 5. A. helpful B. skillful C. gentle D. eager 6. A. person B. ball C. day D. room 7. A. once B. sometimes C. seldom D. often 8. A. Connecting B. Celebrating C. Inspiring D. Caring 9. A. lasted B. ended C. changed D. failed 10. A. lesson B. promise C. gift D. option 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Are you a new runner? Here is some advice for you — it is important ____11____ (warm) up and cool down properly before and after running, so you do not hurt yourself. A warm-up gets your blood flowing faster and prepares your body ____12____ you take exercise. After a long run, you should jog slowly ____13____ ten minutes, then walk. Such kind of warm-down relaxes your body after exercise. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Zhang Tian graduated from university and got a teacher’s certificate last year. His parents, like most, hoped he ____14____ (go) to a big city to find a teaching job in the future. However, he wanted to start a new lifestyle. He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he ____15____ (inspire) by them to go and teach where he was needed the most. He imagined all sorts of ____16____ (excite) things about teaching and living in the village. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Chinese New Year, whose origin can be dated back to the Shang Dynasty, is the ____17____ (big) Chinese festival both socially and economically. Food ____18____ (play) an important role in Chinese New Year. Dumplings are important to the New Year dinner; their ____19____ (important) lays in their shape because it is similar to the shape of a Chinese golden nugget (砖). Fish is also important as fish in Chinese is “yu” ____20____ means plentiful. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A We are delighted to be able to offer free desk space to work within the Imaginate office. This space is free for people working with or creating for young audiences — makers, designers, technicians, producers, programmers — but must be booked ahead of time. As our office gets busier in the months leading up to the Festival, the hot desk is harder to book from March to mid-June especially on Mondays and Wednesdays. Please email info@imaginate.com with your preferred days and any access (访问) requirements or questions if you’d like to come hot-desking. Who is hot-desking for? Anyone who works in/who is interested in working with young audiences: artists, designers, employees of arts organisations. What do you get? ● Access to a desk and a connection point to use your laptop ● Free tea and coffee, as well as access to a kitchen for lunch ● Free access to a printer and Free Wi-Fi What does a typical week in Imaginate office look like? At Imaginate, we work in a big open space with good natural daylight. We like chatting about our day, the latest show we’ve seen and have passionate discussion about social problems or the latest TV series airing. The office can be quite noisy, especially between 13:00-14:00 where we all gather around the big table with drinks or foods. We’d be delighted if you could join us for lunch, but feel free to step out for some fresh air if you prefer. Why do we want to share our space with you? We offer Arts Workers spaces for hot-desking in our office because: ● we know what it feels like to work from home most of the day and need a change of setting without having to pay for endless coffees. ● we know what it feels like to be on a day trip, have 2 hours to kill and be not sure what to do before catching the cheaper train. your presence is good for our own networking, so you’ re also helping us by keeping us company! For more information, welcome to visit our home page https:www.imaginate.com. 21. To use hot desks in Imaginate office, one needs to ______. A. share lunch with the workers B. pay for the space and service C. book the desk space by email D. keep quiet while working there 22 The Imaginate office offers hot desks to ______. A. encourage people to work from home B. make some money from selling coffee C. provide a chance to plan one’s day trip D. benefit the customers and the company 23. This passage is probably taken from ______. A. a travel guide book B. a company website C. a local news report D. an instruction book B I’ve always loved cats. But until nine years ago, my pet cats had a high number of deaths. I decided that my next cat was going to live indoors only. But then came Oliver. He was left at a vet’s office. My sister worked there, and the workers were having trouble finding him a home. The workers found him ordinary. They only kept him because he was a willing blood donor (捐献者). It broke my sister’s heart to see the little cat offer his arm for the needle (针). So, she called me to come and see him. When I met Oliver, I fell in love immediately. He had soft black fur (毛皮) with a white undercoat, a round face, and golden eyes. I named him Oliver and brought him home. But Oliver wasn’t an indoors-only cat. He cried at the door and tried to get out. After much discussion, my family and I built a 30-by-15-foot outdoor cat run with walls, grass and toys. Oliver loved it - lying in the grass, enjoying the sun, and watching birds. But that was not the end of it! The cat run overlooked an empty lot, inspiring the idea for a wildlife garden. So, I read books and magazines, visited child-care centres and went on garden tours to educate myself. I was not sure if I had the skills or knowledge to do it right, but I reasoned, no one would ever see the garden but us. With my dad, a retired worker, and the rest of my family, we cleared the land, planted thousands of trees, bushes, and flowers, and added roads, a pool, and garden decorations - much of it cat-themed. Everything was perfect! Our “Meyer Cat Garden” soon attracted birds, squirrels, frogs, and even deer. A friend suggested it for Spokane’s garden tour, and 5,000 visitors came. People loved its emotion and creativity. Media coverage followed, and since then, over 10,000 people have toured the garden, from nursing home members to national garden groups. The project changed my life. Working together brought my family closer. What matters most, I became an experienced gardener, head of our garden club, and confident in public speaking. Oliver, our inspiration, watches the garden from his cat run, satisfied and safe. We joke that with the cost of plants, decorations, and countless hours of labor, we’ve spent over $100,000 - earning Oliver the title of our “$100,000 homeless cat.” 24. The writer brought Oliver home because she ______. A. needed a pet blood donor B. wanted to help her sister C. felt sorry for her last cats D. loved him at the first sight 25. The writer decided to build an outdoor cat run to ______. A. meet Oliver’s need B. attract more wildlife C start a garden project D. learn gardening skills 26. According to the passage, the “Meyer Cat Garden” ______. A. brought inspiration to the writer B. helped with the writer’s growth C. attracted more cats to the family D. was built by the writer effortlessly 27. Which words can best describe the writer? A. Strict and serious. B. Brave and focused. C. Gentle and outgoing. D. Creative and caring. C For years, scientists have believed that the only way oxygen could be created in the ocean was through photosynthesis (光合作用). That’s how plants turn sunlight into energy while also producing oxygen. Huge amounts of oxygen get produced in the sunlight of the upper ocean, but scientists expected that on the dark ocean bottom, oxygen levels would drop as animals used the water’s oxygen for energy. But in 2013, Andrew Sweetman, a scientist who studies the ocean floor, began to notice something strange. When he measured the oxygen in the water above the ocean floor, he found that the levels of oxygen were rising. That didn’t make sense. Dr. Sweetman thought his equipment wasn’t working. In 2021, he used a different method to measure the oxygen levels. The new measurements also showed oxygen levels rising. That’s when he realized something unusual was going on. Somehow, oxygen was being created on the dark ocean floor. Dr. Sweetman noticed that some small rock-like objects called “polymetallic nodules (多金属结核)”, which form naturally on the ocean floor over millions of years may be responsible for creating the “dark oxygen”. To learn more about how the oxygen was being created, Dr. Sweetman collected some of the nodules and the ocean floor around them and took them back to the laboratory to study. At first they thought that tiny living things called microbes might be creating the oxygen. Then they thought that the nodules might be giving off the oxygen somehow. But neither idea was right. Finally, Dr. Sweetman began to wonder if the nodules were somehow acting like batteries (电池), and producing electricity. The idea made sense. After all, when electricity is passed through salt water, it separates the water into hydrogen and oxygen in a process called “electrolysis”. Working with scientists at Northwestern University, Dr. Sweetman discovered that the nodules produce a small amount of electricity. When the nodules are close together, they create enough electricity to produce the oxygen that Dr. Sweetman had found. The discovery raises more concerns about deep-sea mining. These nodules are exactly what many mining companies are hoping to collect. The nodules are full of important metals. Dr. Sweetman believes that mining groups should think carefully about the new discovery before they start mining. The scientists say that the nodules may be important to the way the deep sea works. They are afraid that deep-sea mining could destroy the nodules and the environment around them. 28. What did Andrew Sweetman find strange? A Photosynthesis is not the only way to create oxygen. B. The levels of oxygen of the upper ocean fell sharply. C. His equipment used to measure oxygen didn’t function. D. Oxygen levels on the ocean floor increase unexpectedly. 29. Paragraph 3 and 4 are mainly about how Dr. Sweetman ______. A. found where “dark oxygen” comes from B. conducted his experiment on “dark oxygen” C. discovered that nodules can produce electricity D. proved the oxygen can be created on ocean floor 30. As for deep-sea mining, Dr. Sweetman is ______. A. hopeful B. disappointed C. worried D. cheerful D Obesity (肥胖) is not a choice and making people feel ashamed only results in their feeling worse about themselves, a report by leading psychologists (心理学家) says. It calls for modifications in language to reduce shame, such as saying “a person with obesity” rather than an “obese person”. And it says health professionals should be trained to talk about losing weight in a more supportive way. The report points to a troubling rise in obesity levels across the UK. Between 2005 and 2017, obesity levels rose by 18% in England and by similar amounts in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. But these increases cannot be explained by a sudden decrease of willpower across the UK. It is far more than that, according to the British Psychological Society report, which concludes it “is not simply down to an individual’s missing of determination”. “The people who are most likely to be an unhealthy weight are those who have a high genetic (遗传的) risk of developing obesity and whose lives are also shaped by work, school and social environments that encourage overeating and inactivity,” it says. “People who live in poor areas often experience high levels of stress, including major life challenges and injury, and often their neighborhoods offer few chances and encouragements for physical activity and choices for getting affordable healthy food are limited.” Psychological experiences also play a big role, the report says, with up to half of adults attending obesity services having experienced difficulties in childhood. And stress caused by fat shaming or being made to feel bad about one’s weight by public health activities, nurses and policymakers, often leads to increased eating and more weight gain. A talk show actor James Corden recently spoke out against fat shaming, saying: “If making fun of fat people made them lose weight, there’d be no fat kids in schools.” Psychologists can use their knowledge to help train health professionals to communicate better on obesity, says Dr Angel Chater, report author and reader in health psychology and behaviour design at the University of Bedfordshire. “We can help, not just by devising ways of helping individuals, but also by advising on public policy which will help create an environment in which people find it easier not to become obese in the first place.” However, the psychologists are not in favour of obesity being classed as a “disease”, because, they say, this could take the focus away from behavioral changes that could succeed. 31. What does the underlined word “modifications” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Changes. B. Styles. C. Helps. D. Interests. 32. The author quotes James Corden’s comment in Paragraph 4 to ______. A. show his concern B. offer his suggestion C. support his opinion D. explain his statement 33. We can learn from the passage that obesity is ______. A. a matter of sudden decrease in determination B. a common problem shaped by various factors C. a psychological disease that calls for attention D. a rude expression that makes people feel worse 34. What does the writer intend to tell us? A. People should discuss obesity in a respectful way. B. Professional advice matters a lot to overweight people. C. People with obesity tend to feel ashamed of themselves. D. Behavioral changes contribute greatly to losing weight. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The sun is the one thing you can depend on to be there for you every day, without fail. It rises every day and provides a new beginning to each day. ____35____ Research has proved that it helps you fight tension and stress and does it all for free. To watch the sunrise, you have to get up early. When you get up at daybreak and start your day, you will be naturally tired at the end of the day. ____36____ Finally, your body’s internal clock will be reset to a regular routine. This not only helps you to sleep better and keep healthy, but also to lose and maintain weight. At sunrise, the world is peaceful, noiseless and calm. ____37____ The quiet environment fills your inner world with peace, and you feel the love that nature has for you. This love does help to face every day with the knowledge that you’ re not alone, and there is a greater force which is helping you every day. ____38____ The calm and quiet moments before the sun can make you feel happy and peaceful. You realize your own value and your stress levels come down. The positivity within you will help you make better decisions during the day. Your concentration also improves and you can take in information better. With more than half of the day spent sitting in front of computers and laptops, the experience of watching the sunrise gives you the time to take a break from your digital life. ____39____ A. You will sleep early to wake up early. B. This simple act inspires you to change your attitude. C. Watching the sunrise can do wonders for your health. D. You can feel a deep connection between you and nature. E. Sunrise is one of the most beautiful experiences that nature can give us. F The experience of watching the sunrise can also influence how you feel. G. So, take a moment to watch the sunrise and let the shining light fill you with joy. 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Sometimes I really wish that I hadn’t quit swimming. It’s a great form of exercise, yet, when I think back to the days when I had been in swimming classes, I still suffer from the fear for all the pains, and jealousy (嫉妒) I had felt in that environment. I wasn’t a bad swimmer back then. I was even in the highest-level group in the entire club. Although, within all these top swimmers, I was practically one of the worst. That being said, I was not content to remain even at the bottom of the top, so I worked hard and tried my best to improve. I had always been told “hard work pays off.” But I felt I was working harder than my classmates but still stuck at the tail end of the group. Disappointed, I gave it up. For a long time, I told myself my jealous y was an unavoidable step for self-improvement. I was afraid that letting go of my competitive drive would lead to a habit of underachievement. Therefore, I needed competition and comparison to do better. For a while, this was effective. My competitive nature pushed me to work harder in swimming class instead of taking the easy way out. It was only after I quit swimming that I learned that negative (负面的) comparison is not the only way to get inspired. In fact, there are many other good options that I can use to push myself forward without leading to a sense of failure when falling short of goals. I now understood that going swimming by itself would have met my goal of exercise, and I would have been content enough with being in competition with myself. I have applied this kind of thinking for many of the other things since. It helped give me a better understanding of success, be it in swimming or other fields. 40. Why did the writer give up swimming? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What did the writer learn after giving up swimming? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The writer finally understood that he should be content because he had already been in the highest-level group. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. After reading this passage, what is your understanding of “competition”? (In about 40 words) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 书面表达(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算组织一次以中国传统运动项目为主题的社团活动，来信请你推荐一项适宜外国人学习的中国传统运动项目。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．推荐的中国传统运动项目; 2．推荐的理由。 注意：1．词数100左右; 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$