专题08 阅读理解之说明文15篇（广东高考模拟）（第二期）-备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(广东专用)

备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(广东专用) 第二期 专题08 说明文15篇 基础语篇巩固练 （2025·广东广州·一模）A team of scientists say that seawater flowing underneath and into gaps in the Thwaites Glacier in Antarctica is contributing to the melting of the massive ice formation. “The worry is that we are underestimating the speed that the glacier is changing. It would be disastrous for coastal communities around the world,” Christine Dow, co-author of the study, said in a press release. At roughly 80 miles across, Thwaites is the widest glacier in the world, nicknamed the “Doomsday Glacier” for the fatal effects its melting could have on global sea-level rise. Each year, it loses about 50 billion tons of ice, which comprises roughly 4% of all sea-level rise worldwide, according to the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration. One estimate predicted that the total loss of Thwaites could cause average global sea levels to surge by more than two feet. In the study, the team of glaciologists used radar data by Finland’s ICEYE commercial satellite program to get a better idea of what’s happening below the surface of the glacier. They found that seawater flows in and away from, the glacier with the tides, mixing with freshwater, but some of that warm ocean water also travels deep beneath the ice formation, going “through natural passages” or collecting “in holes” and becoming trapped. “There are places where the water is almost at the pressure of the overlying ice, so just a little more pressure is needed to push up the ice,” said Eric Rignot, the study’s lead author. “The water is then squeezed enough to jack up a column of more than half a mile of ice.” Dow suggested that additional ice sheet modeling could help scientists better understand what’s happening under these major glaciers and develop a more precise timeline of expected sea-level rise across the world. “This work will help people adapt to changing ocean levels, along with focusing on reducing carbon emissions to prevent the worst-case assumption,” Dow said. 1．Why is Thwaites called “Doomsday Glacier”? A．It is the largest glacier in the world. B．It comprises most of global sea-level rise. C．It is melting at an increasing high speed. D．It will cause huge disasters if entirely melting. 2．What effect does the trapped seawater have on the glacier? A．It goes through the glacier, speeding melting. B．It mixes with freshwater, moving the glacier around. C．It increases pressure, lifting the glacier. D．It creates a barrier, preventing further melting. 3．Why is additional ice sheet modeling suggested? A．To stop the melting process. B．To accurately predict sea-level rise. C．To help people change sea levels. D．To persuade people out of carbon emission. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Worrisome Fate of Thwaites Glacier. B．Seawater’s Role in Antarctic Melting. C．The Global Impact of Thwaites Glacier Melting. D．Ice Sheet Modeling for Sea-Level Rise Prediction. （2025·广东广州·一模）If you take a minute to think about the things that catch your attention, they’re usually outsized (the Pyramids of Giza), extraordinarily delicate (a well-composed song), boldly colored (peacock feathers), or shocking (a bolt of lightning or a twist ending). These attention-grabbing things make us curious: Why is it like this? Where did the idea come from, or what made this happen? From these questions come boundless story possibilities. From those ideas, though, we have to eventually cut them down to the ones worth telling, the ones that will grab and keep our readers’ attention. This issue looks at that challenge from a variety of angles. Jane K. Cleland tackles the idea of thematic writing — writing that encourages readers to think about big issues that may or may not affect their lives, but at the very least will make them think What if… Then Jessica Strawser shares nine ways to write more authentic (真实的) child characters in adult fiction to bring a fresh perspective and engage readers. Tiffany Yates Martin takes on the debate of the controversial prologue (序言) — should you or shouldn’t you use one? You’ll have to read on to find out. When it comes to short fiction, Ran Walker offers tips for making the most of titles and first lines when every word counts. Finally, Amy Cook looks at the topic from a different angle — when your published book has stopped selling but you know it has more life in it, how can you use rights reversion to help it reach a new audience? Our WD Interview for this issue features one author, Michael Cunningham. I was lucky enough to talk with him about his newest novel, Day, which features everything I love about a Cunningham novel: family drama, global issues made local, and impossibly affecting, heartbreaking prose. His writing advice was some of the most unexpected I’ve heard. Maybe you’re thinking about what you want to focus your attention on this year. Whatever your goal may be, we are glad to be with you along the way. 1．What is the function of the words in the brackets (    ) in paragraph 1? A．Presenting facts. B．Explaining concepts. C．Providing evidences. D．Making comparisons. 2．What does the underlined phrase “that challenge” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Deciding what to write.△ B．Satisfying readers’ curiosity. C．Practicing thematic writing. D．Creating authentic characters. 3．Why are many authors listed in paragraph 2? A．To give advice on writing. B．To show the main content. C．To share stories for writing. D．To introduce these writers. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An introduction to a book. B．A collection of essays. C．A copy of a magazine. D．A review of some books. （24-25高三上·广东·阶段练习）The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 1．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test? A．Take an examination alone. B．Show respect for the researchers. C．Delay eating for fifteen minutes. D．Share their treats with others. 2．According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ________. A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit D．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains 3．What does the author suggest readers do? A．Absorb new information readily. B．Protect the information environment. C．Use diverse information sources. D．Be selective information consumers. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Eat Less, Read More B．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups C．The Later, the Better D．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans （24-25高三上·广东肇庆·阶段练习）It isn’t surprising that most people associate fires with death and damage. But for Jeremy Bailey, a fire manager at the Nature Conservancy in Utah, fire is a natural process that fills the landscape with energy, much like rain. “When I think about fire, it always brings me a pleasant feeling,” he says. He is the first guest on Life With Fire, a podcast (播客) hosted by former wildland firefighter Amanda Monthei. After an introductory show, each episode features an interview with an expert, perhaps a historian or a meteorologist (气象学家), which sets out to show that news accounts of wildfire during fire seasons don’t tell the whole story. “Wildfire is a subject that shouldn’t be minimised to the same talking points every summer and then forgotten about every winter,” says Monthei. The effect of climate change on wildfire is a big talking point on the show because it creates more favorable conditions for fire and lengthens fire seasons. However, a few guests suggest that climate change isn’t the only reason. In an episode about the historic firestorm that hit California last September, resulting in some of the area’s largest ever blazes (火灾), Nick Nauslar at the National Interagency Fire Center in Idaho talks about the factors that had to line up for such extraordinary fires to occur. As well as the absence of summer monsoons (季风) and presence of constant heatwaves, it still took lightning and strong winds to generate those vast blazes. Another big issue the show tackles is the fact that we can’t put out all wildfire, so we will have to manage it. Bailey is a fan of controlled fires. These “planned fires” are often started to clear the low vegetation, such as bushes and dead plants, that typically fuels severe wildfire. One criticism of Life With Fire is that although later episodes are accessible to a general audience, the podcast takes time to get into its stride. Presenting the topics it covers in a different order would have helped guide people with no knowledge of fire science. On upcoming shows, Monthei will talk to fire practitioners from around the world. 1．Why does fire bring Bailey a pleasant feeling? A．It keeps people warm in winter. B．It helps breathe new life into nature. C．It gave him great joy during his childhood. D．It enabled him to be the first guest on a podcast. 2．What can be learned about Monthei? A．She is one of Bailey’s workmates. B．She dreams of becoming a historian. C．She works as a firefighter at present. D．She knows how to deal with wildfire. 3．What does Nauslar say about the firestorm in California? A．It took place in early summer. B．It died out thanks to a heavy rain. C．It was a result of various elements. D．It was one of those “planned fires”. 4．What can we expect of Life With Fire? A．It will be more wide-ranging than ever. B．It will be more popular with meteorologists. C．It will feature interviews with fire survivors. D．It will replace its host with a local firefighter. （24-25高三上·广东惠州·阶段练习）Did you know that after a stroke (中风), nearly one-third of survivors face a challenging condition known as “neglect”? This neurological disorder significantly impacts a stroke survivor’s recovery, affecting their motor skills and critical perceptual domains (感知域), such as spatial awareness. Visuospatial (视觉空间) Neglect (VSN) is particularly notable, where patients struggle to identify objects in areas of their visual field, often on their left side. This often leads to increased risks of falls and heightened caregiver stress. Traditional rehabilitation can be tough on both patients and therapists, leading to issues with patient and diagnostic challenges for therapists. The lack of a standardized treatment for VSN worsens this issue, leading to recent research efforts focused on developing treatment solutions. Two recent studies have pointed out the promise of using music therapy and virtual reality (VR) as potential treatment experiences for VSN patients. In music therapy, a practice known as Musical Neglect Training (MNT) involves patients actively participating in musical exercises. In these exercises, patients are instructed to play musical patterns on different musical instruments, which extend to the neglected visual field. A music therapy study showed promising findings in this area. VR has also shown promise in this area. Recent studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in the diagnosis and assessment of VSN, as well as in motivation. The studies highlight core advantages of VR treatment for VSN, including customizable treatment experiences and immersive patient experiences. Additionally, a research team found evidence of an increase in brain activity regions of neglect patients after using a VR intervention, linked to improvements in their saccadic eye movements — a rapid eye glance from one point to another. Another study currently in peer review found promising results in VSN patients, engagement and positive feedback while using a custom-made VR application for treatment. In addition, they found one patient’s task response time might have improved considerably with the use of audio cues. These studies provide glimpses into the future of tailored rehabilitation and are promising in the ongoing development of rehabilitation treatments for stroke and neglect. 1．What is difficult for patients with VSN commonly to do? A．Making clear sounds and express themselves clearly. B．Getting along well with their doctors and their families. C．Identifying objects on their left side of their visual field. D．Moving around freely and naturally as normal people do. 2．What can we infer from paragraph 3 about traditional treatment for VSN? A．It leads to bad relation between patients and doctors. B．It only worsens the patients’ health condition eventually. C．Traditional treatment for VSN is out of date nowadays. D．This treatment is still not so perfect for patients with VSN. 3．What is music therapy intended to do? A．To get patients to take more physical sports. B．To restore patients’ neglected visual areas. C．To play different kinds of musical instruments. D．To help patients learn to enjoy different music. 4．What does the last paragraph indicate? A．The author is confident about the future of VSN treatment. B．VR treatment for VSN patients has been put into operation. C．More and more people are recovering from VSN in the world. D．VSN can be cured by using a particularly made VR application. （24-25高三上·广东·阶段练习）When people talk about suddenly remembering old memories , the memories they’ re referring to are usually episodic (情景的) memories. As the name suggests, this type of memory stores the scenes of our life. Another type of memory that can also be suddenly remembered is semantic memory. Our semantic memory is the storehouse of our knowledge, containing all the facts we know. Usually, the recall of episodic and semantic memories has easily identifiable triggers (诱因) in our context. Context includes our physical surroundings as well as the aspects of our mental state, such as thoughts and feelings. For example, you’re eating a dish at a restaurant, and its smell reminds you of a similar dish your mom used to make. This is episodic memory. When someone says the word “Oscar”, the name of the movie that won the Oscar recently flashes in your mind. That belongs to semantic memory. These memories had obvious triggers in our context, but sometimes, the memories that flash in our minds have no identifiable triggers. They seem to flash across our minds out of nowhere; therefore, they’ve been called mind-pops (闪念). Mind-pops shouldn’t be confused with insight, which is the sudden pop ping up of a potential solution to a complex problem in the mind. Thus, mind- pops are semantic or autobiographical memories that suddenly flash in our minds without an easily identifiable trigger. Mind-pops may comprise any piece of information, be it an image, a sound, or a word. They’re often experienced by people when they’re engaged in mundane tasks like mopping the floor or brushing teeth. Such ordinary and unexciting routines tend to inspire something in our mind. For example, you’re reading a book, and suddenly, the image of your school corridor pops into your mind for no reason. What you were reading or thinking at the time had no connection to your school. I do experience mind-pops from time to time. But when I tried to look for cues in my con text that may have triggered my mind-pops, I would fail. Maybe such mind-pops are completely random. 1．Which of the following might be episodic memory? A．You predict a heavy rain is on the way. B．A good idea flashes into your mind suddenly. C．A song reminds you of your middle school graduation. D．You think of a round shape when hearing the word “circle”. 2．What is a feature of mind-pops? A．They have obvious triggers. B．They come out without warning. C．They appear in the form of images. D．They often bring long- lasting memories. 3．What does the underlined word “mundane” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Careful. B．Dull. C．Necessary. D．Challenging. 4．What is the aim of this passage? A．To explore human inner thoughts. B．To point out the memory formation. C．To distinguish different memory scenes. D．To explain some similar memory phenomena. （24-25高三上·广东茂名·阶段练习）Social media has had an immeasurable impact on the world. It has increased interconnectivity and sped up the spread of information, but its biggest impact of all might be the changes it has made to language. Dozens of terms and phrases have originated on social media. “Selfie” was named word of the year by the Oxford English Dictionary in 2013. Two years later, the “Face with Tears of Joy” emoji became their “word” of the year. There are many more examples of social media slang (俚语) included in the dictionary. Besides, words like “hashtag” and “lol” have become ordinary, all thanks to their wide usage on social media platforms. Other social media words are new combinations of other words. Photobomb, for instance, describes the phenomenon of getting into somebody’s photographs accidentally, which came about due to the success of image-sharing platforms. Social media has done more than invent new words and combine existing ones. It has completely transformed the meaning of a large portion of our language. The word “friend” is now widely used as a verb to mean adding someone on social media platforms. The word “add” means sending an invitation to connect social media accounts. The number of “likes” is now a measurement of popularity. So far, we have only discussed social media’s effect on the English language, but one significant variation in language it has brought about involves communication across different languages. Some social media platforms have a built-in translation function that intends to reduce language barriers for users. This deserves praise in theory, and the function has been described as “surprisingly accurate”. But as translation agency Global Voices points out, social media usage across cultures differs greatly, and no built-in algorithm (算法) can translate this. Another way social media has made progress in breaking down the language barrier is with AI chatbots, which are becoming increasingly popular on social media. Some users have said chatbots could eventually be used to teach languages. They say the best way of learning a language is to try speaking it, and with social media dominating communication, who’s to say speaking to a chatbot is not just as good? 1．What does the underlined word “Photobomb” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Intentionally stealing the scene. B．Casually playing tricks in the photo. C．Unexpectedly appearing in the photo. D．Actively participating in the photo. 2．What do we know about social media’s translation function? A．It is only useful for some specific languages. B．It is not as good as expected due to cultural differences. C．It is the best way to communicate across different languages. D．It is completely accurate and has removed all language barriers. 3．What is some people’s attitude towards chatbots when it comes to language learning? A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Critical. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Development of the English Language B．The Role of Technology in Communication C．The Rise of New Words in the Digital Age D．The Impact of Social Media on Language Development （24-25高三上·广东茂名·阶段练习）Indigenous (土著的) Australians have a close connection to the land, waters and living things. Their values, identity, spiritual beliefs, and lifestyles have all been strongly influenced by the environment. This relationship with the natural world comes from their belief: All the elements of the universe, including humans, plants, animals, landforms and waterways as well as the sun, the moon and stars were all created by ancestral beings, and after the creation of the world, they live on in mountains, rivers and other natural features today. Within their traditional societies, each clan (氏族) has a specific area of land, or Country, to which they are connected or belong. Each clan has built a unique body of knowledge based on its Country that is passed down through generations by the elders. The knowledge includes practices for managing the land and its resources, which are known as “caring for Country”. Although these practices differ according to location, Indigenous Australians share the belief that protecting resources is essential. Traditionally, they would stay in an area only for a certain period of time to prevent excessive hunting, fishing or harvesting. They also moved from place to place to adapt to changes of the seasons, which can affect the availability of food sources. Indigenous Australians were hunters and gatherers. Men hunted mainly for large animals, such as kangaroos and big birds. Women and children hunted small animals and collected fruits, honey, insects, eggs and plants. They would use traditional medicines to treat burns, snake bites, headaches, eye infections and so on. These treatments were referred to as “bush medicine” because all the things used in the treatments were gathered from the natural resources in the bush, such as wild herbs, soil, animal products and leaves. Indigenous Australians have a deep respect for nature. Over tens of thousands of years of living close to nature, they have also learned how to change the environment to meet their needs while ensuring that natural resources can continue to be available for future generations. 1．How do Indigenous Australians manage their land and resources? A．By leaving the land untouched. B．By engaging in “Country care” practices. C．By selling resources to outsiders. D．By emphasizing environmental changes. 2．Why did Indigenous Australians traditionally move from place to place? A．To trade with other clans for food. B．To explore new territories for settlement. C．To avoid conflicts with other ethnic groups. D．To adapt to seasonal changes and find food. 3．What can be inferred from the text about “bush medicine”？ A．It is no longer used in present times. B．It is only used by a particular ethnic group. C．It is more effective than modern medicine. D．It is closely related to the natural environment. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To illustrate the variety of wildlife in Australia. B．To describe the daily activities of Indigenous Australians. C．To highlight Indigenous Australians’ connection with nature. D．To argue for the preservation of traditional hunting practices. （2024·广东·一模）Contrasting with the vividly hued avian species, the majority of mammalian creatures tend to exhibit shades of brown and gray, with only a minuscule number of notable deviations, the most renowned of which is the majestic panda. We have formulated preliminary conjectures regarding the rationale behind their distinctive markings; however, it is imperative that we ascertain the underlying cause for its enigmatic patterning. Upon close examination within the confines of a zoological garden, the majestic panda presents itself as a strikingly conspicuous amalgamation of a white bear with black shoulders and limbs, coupled with an extraordinary visage adorned with black fur encircling the eyes and ears. By drawing comparisons with other carnivorous creatures, it has been discerned that those with white dorsal surfaces are typically encountered in snowy settings, whereas those with dark legs and shoulders are prevalent in shadowy habitats. This observation suggests that the fur serves as an adaptive mechanism for self-preservation across diverse environmental contexts. In contemporary times, the majestic pandas are confined to the forests of western China, where they lead solitary existences with a relatively minimal presence of predators. It is our objective to validate the efficacy of such self-preservation strategies against the former predators of the pandas, which once roamed extensively from China to Vietnam. By juxtaposing the light reflection from the panda’s fur with the natural backdrop, it becomes evident that their black fur patches correspond with the darker shades and tree trunks, while their white patches align with the bright foliage and snow. Furthermore, the pale brown, or muddy, fur harmonizes with the ground’s hue. This provides an intermediate coloration that bridges the gap between the starkly dark and starkly light visual components within their natural habitat. In addition, a secondary form of self-protection is afforded by what is termed as disarrayed colors and patterns — in which conspicuous patches disrupt its silhouette by blending with the background patches. The majestic pandas exhibit this form of protective silhouette, particularly at extended observation distances of no less than sixty meters. At such distances, the panda becomes nearly indistinguishable as the black fur patches merge with the background, dark rocks, and tree trunks. While the majestic pandas in zoological settings are highly conspicuous to us, this is attributable to our proximity and the artificial surroundings. However, in their natural habitat and at a distance, our research indicates that they are exquisitely camouflaged to evade detection. 1．How are giant pandas different from most mammals？ ______ A．They are more brightly colored. B．They are marked with browns and greys. C．They have exceptional colors and patterns. D．Their dark legs match snowy environments. 2．Which can interpret the underlined part “confined to” in paragraph 3？ ______ A．Enclosed in. B．Raised in. C．Lost in. D．Trained in. 3．What is the purpose of paragraph 4？ ______ A．To explain the reason for pandas living in the wild. B．To confirm the panda’s color connection to the habitat. C．To compare the differences of pandas’ body parts in color. D．To conclude the relationship between light and pandas’ colors. 4．What can we infer about giant pandas from the last two paragraphs？ ______ A．They look darker in the artificial background. B．Their patterns are determined by their whereabouts. C．The effectiveness of defensive colors is related to distance. D．They are more beautifully-colored in the wild than in the zoo. （2024·广东·一模）The Ultimate Guide to Revamping Your Home Decor When it’s time to refresh your living space, who’s the best person to give you some advice? You’ll probably turn to your friend for some feedback and design tips — they know your taste and can offer an honest opinion about which colors clash and which layout makes your room look inviting. However, for someone like me, who’s not a connoisseur of interior design and has a more pragmatic approach to home decor, I don’t need help — it’s just functional furniture or...functional furniture! But for people who care about the aesthetics of their home, they can now get some reliable advice with the aid of technology. Of course, using social media is a good way when you are at a loss about decor, but this sometimes brings in too much conflicting advice and opinions that are sometimes overly direct! That’s why one designer has developed an app to help homeowners crowdsource advice from decorators in a safe, respectful communication environment. Eva Johnson’s Decor Advisor app allows users to post a photo and receive “yes” or “no” answers from other users, or more detailed advice from interior designers and bloggers very quickly. According to Emily Smith, a design editor at HomeStyle magazine, this is a growing business, with several new apps such as DesignDIY, RoomMate, and DecorMatch all offering homeowners tips on suitable and stylish furniture to use. There’s also a website called RoomFitU which finds furniture to fit your room dimensions. Its chief executive, Mark Thompson, says there are no universal standards in furniture sizes but he explains, “We can set up your room profile in a few seconds with 80% accuracy just knowing your room’s dimensions, your preferences, and your budget.” This information is used to find furniture that suits your actual space. And the tech giant, Google, has also developed a camera that links to a “design check” function that compares photos and gives its opinion of which layout is better, based on space utilization, color coordination, style, and current design trends. But does technology make design advice a bit impersonal? Eva Johnson admits that homeowners in particular are social beings and that “AI will never stop us talking to each other...people will always want the approval of the experienced designer.” But as for me: an app with someone I don’t know could be the place to start with some carefully-worded decor tips! 1．What is the primary concern when seeking home decor advice on social media? A．Lack of personal touch. B．Overwhelming amount of choices. C．Potential for dishonest opinions. D．Contradictory advice from different sources. 2．Who might be the target audience for Eva Johnson’s Decor Advisor app? A．Professional interior designers. B．Individuals looking for a practical approach to home decor. C．Social media influencers in the home decor niche. D．Homeowners seeking a safe and respectful advice platform. 3．How does RoomFitU assist users in selecting furniture that fits their room dimensions? A．By using a high-tech camera to measure room dimensions. B．By relying on universal standards for furniture sizes. C．By setting up a room profile based on dimensions, preferences, and budget. D．By providing a comparison of different furniture styles. 4．What would be an appropriate title for the article discussing technology’s role in home decor advice? A．The Evolution of Home Decor B．The Social Media Decor Dilemma C．Technology Meets Home Decor D．The Future of Interior Design 重难语篇拔高练 （2024·广东·一模）For those intrepid voyagers who, within the contemplative purview of their itinerant designs, are scheming to embark upon or alight from the Gallic terrains within the confines of the annum 2024, we find ourselves necessitated to propagate a morsel of vexing intelligence — countless aeronautic transits from a quartet of French aerodromes are destined to succumb to annulment, an outcome engendered by the obsolescence of a substantial segment of the aeronautic traffic superintendence infrastructure, which, in a state of torpor since the epoch of the 1970s, has yet to undergo a metamorphosis of technological rejuvenescence. The aeronautic traffic superintendence mechanisms in the Parisian principal aerodromes are not merely overdue for a comprehensive revivification but are also in exigent need of a substantial amelioration, as the annum of 2024 heralds a juncture of pivotal enhancement, with an estimation that approximately four-fifths of the system is in dire need of modernization, despite having received a plethora of minor updates over the years. At present, the labor force is still ensconced in the deployment of an aeronautic traffic superintendence protocol that harks back to the 1970s, which, in an intriguingly archaic modality, encompasses the utilization of paper slips to symbolize incoming aeronautic conveyances, and fortunately, a substantial investment of €1 billion is being directed towards the enhancement of France’s aeronautic traffic superintendence capabilities, an imperative step towards modernization. However, this imperative modernization will inevitably precipitate a significant number of aeronautic transit cancellations, as prognosticated by BFM, which estimates that approximately 16,500 flights destined for or departing from Paris’s Charles de Gaulle, Orly, Le Bourget, and Beauvais aerodromes will be aborted, a development that is particularly impactful when considering the passenger traffic in 2022, which saw nearly 44 million individuals traversing through Parisian aerodromes, with Charles de Gaulle accommodating 26.1 million and Paris Orly serving 15.7 million passengers, a statistic that underscores the importance of the forthcoming improvements. In anticipation of the forthcoming enhancements, aeronautic companies operating at these aerodromes have been instructed to diminish their flight schedules by 20 percent between the 9th of March and the 14th of April, a period during which the new system will undergo rigorous testing at Athis-Mons, France’s most extensive aeronautic traffic superintendence nexus, a development that will undoubtedly impact the flight schedules of many. Concerning the potential impact on your flight to France, the decision regarding which flights will be suspended rests with each respective aeronautic company, as it is surmised that long-haul routes will be accorded precedence, a strategy that has already been implemented by Air France, which has initiated the cancellation of certain flights, notifying affected passengers and providing them with same-day alternative options, a measure that is aimed at mitigating the inconvenience caused by the cancellations. While this may suggest that navigating through Parisian airspace in 2024 could be somewhat chaotic, a development that is particularly concerning when considering that an estimated 2.5 million flights traverse French skies annually, it is essential to transition to a more dependable system than the paper-based methodology, a transition that is not only necessary but also crucial for the safety and efficiency of aeronautic traffic control in the nation. 1．What inconvenience will be caused in France according to the passage? A．Airlines will decrease their flights. B．A number of flights will be delayed. C．Flights to France will be unavailable. D．The airports will be under reconstruction. 2．Why are the figures listed in paragraph 4? A．To illustrate the flight cancellations. B．To give examples of airport capacities. C．To compare the numbers of passengers. D．To analyze the reasons for air traffic control. 3．What can happen to people travelling to France in 2024? A．They will be offered a discount. B．They might reschedule their flights. C．They will have to cancel their travel plans. D．They can only book tickets for long-distance routes. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．France’s largest air traffic control centre will be tested. B．EI billion is being invested into modernizing four French airports. C．France is cancelling flights for improving air traffic control system. D．The number of passengers that pass through Paris’ airports will decrease. （24-25高三上·广东·阶段练习）That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night, they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect. Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it since performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators. This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did. Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found. 1．What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect? A．To what extent it can trouble people. B．What role it has played in evolution.      C．What circumstances may trigger it. D．In what way it can be beneficial. 2．What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research? A．She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep. B．She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way. C．She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins D．She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns. 3．What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment? A．She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains. B．She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment. C．She exposed her participants to two different stimuli. D．She compared the responses of different participants. 4．What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment? A．They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others. B．They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat. C．They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps. D．They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones. （2024·广东·一模）Sulphur-crested cockatoos (葵花凤头鹦鹉) are common in western Australia, where they normally live in wooded areas. But as forests have been cut down, cockatoos have gotten used to living near people. Scientists report that people in Sydney, Australia are in a battle with these birds. Last year, scientists at the Max Planck Institute reported that the cockatoos had learned how to open the covers of trash bins for food. That’s not an easy job. The cockatoos must lift the heavy cover with their beaks (喙) and then walk along, pushing the cover up until it falls over. When scientists first began studying the cockatoos in 2018, only three areas in Sydney had cover-opening cockatoos. A year and a half later, cockatoos in 44 different areas knew the trick. This time the scientists decided to study further. They weren’t just studying cockatoos. They were also studying humans. The scientists spent weeks studying more than 3,200 trash bins in four different areas of Sydney. They wanted to see how many bins were protected and what methods were used. In one area, over half the bins were protected. The most common way of protecting the bins was to put a brick or some other heavy objects on the cover. Some people put things like rubber snakes on the top of their bins. The scientists discovered that the humans were teaching each other tricks, too. In most neighborhoods, many people used the same cockatoo -stopping methods as their neighbors. The researchers say, “It’s like a race between humans and cockatoos to learn new ways of doing things. Now many cockatoos have learned how to push heavy items off the bins. As a result, humans have figured out ways to attach the items to the top of their bins.” The researchers describe the situation as a “human-wildlife conflict” “We expect these conflicts to become more common as humans take over more areas that used to be wild. We’d better understand the animals we share our lives with, and be patient with them,” they add. 1．What can we learn about sulphur-crested cockatoos from the text? A．They like copying humans’ behavior. B．They are highly intelligent birds. C．They are good at walking for long hours. D．They are newly found in Australia. 2．What did the scientists find in their further research? A．How humans responded to the birds’ trick. B．When the birds were able to win the battle. C．Why the birds in more areas did the trick. D．How the cockatoos learned to do the trick. 3．What do the researchers mean in the last paragraph? A．Humans have better ability to learn. B．The birds intended to make humans angry C．There are different kinds of ways to open bins. D．Humans should change their attitudes to wildlife. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．How to Help “Homeless” Cockatoos. B．A Human-Land Conflict in Australia. C．Cockatoos Caused Humans a Terrible Problem. D．A Battle for Bins between Cockatoos and Humans. （24-25高三上·广东东莞·阶段练习）If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might well eat it. But what if they offered to also give you $2? You might politely decline and walk away thinking, “Something smells fishy.” In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money” (as well as unusually high salaries or suspiciously cheap services) because they seem “too good to be true”. The research bridges economics and psychology to explain why financial attraction can backfire. In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely, compared with about 20 percent of those offered $2 as well. “People typically imagine things like that someone did something disgusting to the cookie,” says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch, a psychological scientist at University of Canterbury in New Zealand. Nine further experiments, involving more than 4,000 participants, used online questionnaires to present other cases. These included being offered money to accept a ride home, incredibly high construction-job wages and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain threshold (门槛), higher financial profit reduced participants’ potential of accepting the offer. If someone seems to go against accepted norms such as self-interest without explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be “phantom costs”: imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s “psychological value”. Factors beyond the present moment may come into play. “Understanding that others’ perceived over generosity may put us in their debt could also help explain people’s reluctance,” says Rachel McCloy, a psychologist studying decision-making at England’s University of Reading. “The old saying ‘there’s no such thing as a free lunch’ is clearly alive and well.” Another experiment found that high scorers on measures of distrust inferred more phantom costs. The researchers also showed how to alleviate the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal. The “cheap flights” experiment included a condition where the seats were revealed to be very uncomfortable. “Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point,” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was sufficient explanation.” 1．What does the underlined word “backfire” in Para. 1 mean? A．Result in an opposite effect. B．Boost the success of an offer. C．Increase the appeal of a proposal. D．Cause a positive outcome unexpectedly. 2．Why is the quote “there’s no such thing as a free lunch” mentioned by the author? A．To prove the phantom costs. B．To promote generosity in society. C．To doubt hidden costs of generous offers. D．To remind people to be cautious of free items. 3．What helps make the “cheap flights” more acceptable according to the experiment? A．Offering more flight credits. B．Discounting the price further. C．Providing additional unrelated gifts. D．Giving a seemingly reasonable explanation. 4．Which could be the best title for the text? A．Why People Embrace High-Value Offers B．Why People Reject Free Money and Offers C．Why Some Deals Seem Too Good to Be True D．How Offers of Money Increase Acceptance Rates （24-25高三上·广东东莞·阶段练习）The corn eaten around the world today originated in Mexico nearly 10,000 years ago. From the ancieat rituals of the Mayans to modern-day dishes like tortillas, corn is central to culture, cuisine, and identity in this region. To protect this heritage, Mexico is fighting to phase out genetically modified (GM) US-grown corn this year. The Mexican government claims that banning GM corn will protect the country’s native corn varieties. Yet the announcement aroused strong objections from the US, whose largest annual customer for GM corn is often Mexico. The US claims that the GM ban breaks the trade agreement between the two countries. Mexico insists that modified seeds threaten Mexico’s agricultural traditions and cultural identity. In the US, most corn is grown with seed produced by large companies, which create just a handful of genetically identical corn varieties grown at mass scale. In Mexico, however, seeds come from seed-sharing practices among small-scale farms, which facilitates more diversity and allows farmers to grow corn that ranges widely in color and size. “Traditional varieties maintain a substantial amount of genetic diversity,” says Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, an ecologist at the University of California, but he doesn’t think banning GM corn will help preserve these varieties, and points to a decrease in small-scale farms as the greater threat to native corn. “If traditional farmers abandon subsistence farming (自给农业), we’ re potentially losing diversity whether that crop is GM or traditionally bred, so economic policy has a much bigger impact on the risk of corn diversity than an adoption of GM corn.” Since Mexico began importing US corn, small-scale farms have been declining. Mauricio Bellon, a research professor at the Swett Center for Sustainable Foods Systems, believes that while threatened species are often stored in gene banks, the relationship between a farm er and their crop plays a crucial conservation role. “Evolution at scale continues with corn in Mexico through millions of farmers,” says him. 1．Why is Mexico prohibiting GM corn? A．To break the trade agreement. B．To cost the cost of importing corn. C．To safeguard its own types of corn. D．To get rid of the dependence on the US. 2．What is different in corn production practices between the US and Mexico from Para.3? A．The scale of farm. B．The source of corn seeds. C．The ownership of farmland. D．The concept between farmers. 3．What does Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra believe is a greater threat to native corn varieties? A．The adoption of GM corn. B．The decline in small-scale farms. C．The lack of economic policy support. D．The disappearance of traditional farming practices. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Biodiversity contributes to species evolution. B．GM corn has negative effects on traditional farms. C．Gene banks effectively conserve endangered species. D．Traditional farming practices help in maintaining corn varieties. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(广东专用) 第二期 专题08 说明文15篇 基础语篇巩固练 （2025·广东广州·一模）A team of scientists say that seawater flowing underneath and into gaps in the Thwaites Glacier in Antarctica is contributing to the melting of the massive ice formation. “The worry is that we are underestimating the speed that the glacier is changing. It would be disastrous for coastal communities around the world,” Christine Dow, co-author of the study, said in a press release. At roughly 80 miles across, Thwaites is the widest glacier in the world, nicknamed the “Doomsday Glacier” for the fatal effects its melting could have on global sea-level rise. Each year, it loses about 50 billion tons of ice, which comprises roughly 4% of all sea-level rise worldwide, according to the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration. One estimate predicted that the total loss of Thwaites could cause average global sea levels to surge by more than two feet. In the study, the team of glaciologists used radar data by Finland’s ICEYE commercial satellite program to get a better idea of what’s happening below the surface of the glacier. They found that seawater flows in and away from, the glacier with the tides, mixing with freshwater, but some of that warm ocean water also travels deep beneath the ice formation, going “through natural passages” or collecting “in holes” and becoming trapped. “There are places where the water is almost at the pressure of the overlying ice, so just a little more pressure is needed to push up the ice,” said Eric Rignot, the study’s lead author. “The water is then squeezed enough to jack up a column of more than half a mile of ice.” Dow suggested that additional ice sheet modeling could help scientists better understand what’s happening under these major glaciers and develop a more precise timeline of expected sea-level rise across the world. “This work will help people adapt to changing ocean levels, along with focusing on reducing carbon emissions to prevent the worst-case assumption,” Dow said. 1．Why is Thwaites called “Doomsday Glacier”? A．It is the largest glacier in the world. B．It comprises most of global sea-level rise. C．It is melting at an increasing high speed. D．It will cause huge disasters if entirely melting. 2．What effect does the trapped seawater have on the glacier? A．It goes through the glacier, speeding melting. B．It mixes with freshwater, moving the glacier around. C．It increases pressure, lifting the glacier. D．It creates a barrier, preventing further melting. 3．Why is additional ice sheet modeling suggested? A．To stop the melting process. B．To accurately predict sea-level rise. C．To help people change sea levels. D．To persuade people out of carbon emission. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Worrisome Fate of Thwaites Glacier. B．Seawater’s Role in Antarctic Melting. C．The Global Impact of Thwaites Glacier Melting. D．Ice Sheet Modeling for Sea-Level Rise Prediction. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南极Thwaites冰川因海水流动而导致的加速融化现象及其对全球海平面上升的潜在影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段的“At roughly 80 miles across, Thwaites is the widest glacier in the world, nicknamed the “Doomsday Glacier” for the fatal effects its melting could have on global sea-level rise.(Thwaites冰川直径约80英里，是世界上最宽的冰川，因其融化可能对全球海平面上升产生致命影响而被称为“末日冰川”)”可知，Thwaites冰川被称为“末日冰川”是因为它完全融化将带来巨大的灾难。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段的“They found that seawater flows in and away from, the glacier with the tides, mixing with freshwater, but some of that warm ocean water also travels deep beneath the ice formation, going “through natural passages” or collecting “in holes” and becoming trapped.(他们发现海水随着潮汐流入和流出冰川，与淡水混合，但其中一部分温暖的海水还会深入到冰层下方，通过“天然通道”流动或在“孔洞”中聚集并被困住)”以及第五段““There are places where the water is almost at the pressure of the overlying ice, so just a little more pressure is needed to push up the ice,” said Eric Rignot, the study’s lead author. “The water is then squeezed enough to jack up a column of more than half a mile of ice.”(“有些地方，水的压力几乎与上方的冰层相同，因此只需要一点点额外的压力就能使冰层上升，”该研究的主要作者埃里克·里格诺特说，“然后水就会挤压到足以顶起超过半英里高的冰柱。”)”可知，被困的海水增加了压力，从而抬升冰川。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dow suggested that additional ice sheet modeling could help scientists better understand what’s happening under these major glaciers and develop a more precise timeline of expected sea-level rise across the world. “This work will help people adapt to changing ocean levels, along with focusing on reducing carbon emissions to prevent the worst-case assumption,” Dow said.(Dow 建议，额外的冰盖建模可以帮助科学家更好地了解这些主要冰川下发生的情况，并制定全球预期海平面上升的更精确时间表。“这项工作将帮助人们适应不断变化的海平面水平，并专注于减少碳排放以防止最坏情况的发生，”Dow 说)”可推知，进一步的冰盖建模是为了更准确地预测海平面上升。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“A team of scientists say that seawater flowing underneath and into gap s in the Thwaites Glacier in Antarctica is contributing to the melting of the massive ice formation.(一组科学家表示，在南极洲Thwaites冰川下方流入冰隙的海水正在导致巨大冰层的融化)”可知，文章主要探讨了海水对于南极冰川融化的作用及其带来的全球影响。所以“海水在南极融化中的作用”适合用作本文的标题。故选B。 （2025·广东广州·一模）If you take a minute to think about the things that catch your attention, they’re usually outsized (the Pyramids of Giza), extraordinarily delicate (a well-composed song), boldly colored (peacock feathers), or shocking (a bolt of lightning or a twist ending). These attention-grabbing things make us curious: Why is it like this? Where did the idea come from, or what made this happen? From these questions come boundless story possibilities. From those ideas, though, we have to eventually cut them down to the ones worth telling, the ones that will grab and keep our readers’ attention. This issue looks at that challenge from a variety of angles. Jane K. Cleland tackles the idea of thematic writing — writing that encourages readers to think about big issues that may or may not affect their lives, but at the very least will make them think What if… Then Jessica Strawser shares nine ways to write more authentic (真实的) child characters in adult fiction to bring a fresh perspective and engage readers. Tiffany Yates Martin takes on the debate of the controversial prologue (序言) — should you or shouldn’t you use one? You’ll have to read on to find out. When it comes to short fiction, Ran Walker offers tips for making the most of titles and first lines when every word counts. Finally, Amy Cook looks at the topic from a different angle — when your published book has stopped selling but you know it has more life in it, how can you use rights reversion to help it reach a new audience? Our WD Interview for this issue features one author, Michael Cunningham. I was lucky enough to talk with him about his newest novel, Day, which features everything I love about a Cunningham novel: family drama, global issues made local, and impossibly affecting, heartbreaking prose. His writing advice was some of the most unexpected I’ve heard. Maybe you’re thinking about what you want to focus your attention on this year. Whatever your goal may be, we are glad to be with you along the way. 1．What is the function of the words in the brackets (    ) in paragraph 1? A．Presenting facts. B．Explaining concepts. C．Providing evidences. D．Making comparisons. 2．What does the underlined phrase “that challenge” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Deciding what to write.△ B．Satisfying readers’ curiosity. C．Practicing thematic writing. D．Creating authentic characters. 3．Why are many authors listed in paragraph 2? A．To give advice on writing. B．To show the main content. C．To share stories for writing. D．To introduce these writers. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An introduction to a book. B．A collection of essays. C．A copy of a magazine. D．A review of some books. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨吸引读者注意力的文学创作技巧，并介绍Michael Cunningham新作及其创作见解。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you take a minute to think about the things that catch your attention, they’re usually outsized (the Pyramids of Giza), extraordinarily delicate (a well-composed song), boldly colored (peacock feathers), or shocking (a bolt of lightning or a twist ending). (如果你花一分钟时间想想那些吸引你注意力的事物，它们通常都是巨大的（如吉萨金字塔）、极其精致的（如一首精心创作的歌曲）、色彩大胆的（如孔雀羽毛）或令人震惊的（如一道闪电或一个出人意料的结局）。)”可知，括号内的例子都是为了和空前的形容词形成一致，换句话说，这些例子都是括号前形容词的具体表现。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线短语上文“From these questions come boundless story possibilities. From those ideas, though, we have to eventually cut them down to the ones worth telling, the ones that will grab and keep our readers’ attention. (然而，从这些想法中，我们最终必须筛选出那些值得讲述的，那些能够吸引并保持读者注意力的故事。)”可知，划线单词所指的“that challenge”指的是从众多想法中筛选出值得讲述的、能吸引并保持读者注意力的故事。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Jane K. Cleland tackles the idea of thematic writing—writing that encourages readers to think about big issues that may or may not affect their lives, but at the very least will make them think What if… Then Jessica Strawser shares nine ways to write more authentic (真实的) child characters in adult fiction to bring a fresh perspective and engage readers. Tiffany Yates Martin takes on the debate of the controversial prologue (序言) - should you or shouldn’t you use one? You’ll have to read on to find out. When it comes to short fiction, Ran Walker offers tips for making the most of titles and first lines when every word counts. Finally, Amy Cook looks at the topic from a different angle - when your published book has stopped selling but you know it has more life in it, how can you use rights reversion to help it reach a new audience? (简·K·克莱兰探讨了主题写作的理念——即鼓励读者思考可能或不可能影响他们生活的重大问题，但至少会让他们思考“如果……会怎样”。然后，杰西卡·斯特劳斯分享了九种方法，教你如何在成人小说中写出更真实的儿童角色，从而带来新颖的视角并吸引读者。蒂芙尼·耶茨·马丁就备受争议的序言展开了讨论——你应该使用序言吗，还是不应该？你得继续读下去才能找到答案。在短篇小说方面，兰·沃克提供了如何在每个字都至关重要的情况下充分利用标题和首句的建议。最后，艾米·库克从另一个角度探讨了这个问题——当你的已出版书籍停止销售，但你知道它还有更多的生命力时，你如何利用版权回归来帮助它触达新的读者群体？)”可知，第二段提到了这些作家是为了告知读者在本期杂志中这些作家所写的文章的内容。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章首先讨论了吸引读者注意力的元素，并引出了一系列与写作技巧和故事构思相关的讨论点。接着，文章通过介绍不同作者的观点和建议，以及他们为读者所提供的关于如何提升写作吸引力的见解。最后，文章还包含了对一位具体作者及其最新作品的访谈介绍。这种结构和内容风格更符合杂志或期刊文章的特点，它们通常会包含多种内容和观点，以吸引不同读者的兴趣。故选C。 （24-25高三上·广东·阶段练习）The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 1．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test? A．Take an examination alone. B．Show respect for the researchers. C．Delay eating for fifteen minutes. D．Share their treats with others. 2．According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ________. A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit D．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains 3．What does the author suggest readers do? A．Absorb new information readily. B．Protect the information environment. C．Use diverse information sources. D．Be selective information consumers. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Eat Less, Read More B．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups C．The Later, the Better D．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了斯坦福棉花糖实验及其对信息化时代成人行为的启示。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. (每个孩子被告知，如果他们在吃这个糖果之前能等待15分钟，他们将得到第二个糖果)”可知，孩子们在米歇尔的测试中要得到第二个奖励，需要“延迟15分钟再吃”糖果。故选C。 2． 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. (但随着我们重塑周围的世界，大幅降低了获取热量的成本和努力，我们仍然拥有几千年前的大脑，这种不匹配正是我们许多人难以抵抗那些明知不该吃却极具诱惑力的食物的原因所在)” 可知，高热量世界和我们不变的大脑之间的不匹配”导致人们难以抗拒诱人的食物。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.(因此，就像我们需要更加慎重地对待热量摄入一样，我们也需要更加慎重地对待信息摄入，抵制精神上的“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间)”可知，作者建议我们在信息使用上要有选择性，以有效管理时间。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，以及第二段“As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. (作为成年人，我们每天都在面对一个版本的棉花糖测试。我们不是被甜食所诱惑，而是被我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑所吸引——这些设备将我们连接到一个全球性的各种信息传递系统，这些信息对我们产生的影响与棉花糖对学龄前儿童的影响相似)”可知，文章通过棉花糖测试引出信息化时代的成年人面临的自控挑战。“成人棉花糖测试”贴近主题，故选B。 （24-25高三上·广东肇庆·阶段练习）It isn’t surprising that most people associate fires with death and damage. But for Jeremy Bailey, a fire manager at the Nature Conservancy in Utah, fire is a natural process that fills the landscape with energy, much like rain. “When I think about fire, it always brings me a pleasant feeling,” he says. He is the first guest on Life With Fire, a podcast (播客) hosted by former wildland firefighter Amanda Monthei. After an introductory show, each episode features an interview with an expert, perhaps a historian or a meteorologist (气象学家), which sets out to show that news accounts of wildfire during fire seasons don’t tell the whole story. “Wildfire is a subject that shouldn’t be minimised to the same talking points every summer and then forgotten about every winter,” says Monthei. The effect of climate change on wildfire is a big talking point on the show because it creates more favorable conditions for fire and lengthens fire seasons. However, a few guests suggest that climate change isn’t the only reason. In an episode about the historic firestorm that hit California last September, resulting in some of the area’s largest ever blazes (火灾), Nick Nauslar at the National Interagency Fire Center in Idaho talks about the factors that had to line up for such extraordinary fires to occur. As well as the absence of summer monsoons (季风) and presence of constant heatwaves, it still took lightning and strong winds to generate those vast blazes. Another big issue the show tackles is the fact that we can’t put out all wildfire, so we will have to manage it. Bailey is a fan of controlled fires. These “planned fires” are often started to clear the low vegetation, such as bushes and dead plants, that typically fuels severe wildfire. One criticism of Life With Fire is that although later episodes are accessible to a general audience, the podcast takes time to get into its stride. Presenting the topics it covers in a different order would have helped guide people with no knowledge of fire science. On upcoming shows, Monthei will talk to fire practitioners from around the world. 1．Why does fire bring Bailey a pleasant feeling? A．It keeps people warm in winter. B．It helps breathe new life into nature. C．It gave him great joy during his childhood. D．It enabled him to be the first guest on a podcast. 2．What can be learned about Monthei? A．She is one of Bailey’s workmates. B．She dreams of becoming a historian. C．She works as a firefighter at present. D．She knows how to deal with wildfire. 3．What does Nauslar say about the firestorm in California? A．It took place in early summer. B．It died out thanks to a heavy rain. C．It was a result of various elements. D．It was one of those “planned fires”. 4．What can we expect of Life With Fire? A．It will be more wide-ranging than ever. B．It will be more popular with meteorologists. C．It will feature interviews with fire survivors. D．It will replace its host with a local firefighter. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一档有关火灾的播客节目——《与火同在》。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But for Jeremy Bailey, a fire manager at the Nature Conservancy in Utah, fire is a natural process that fills the landscape with energy, much like rain.(然而，对于犹他州大自然保护协会（Nature Conservancy）的消防经理杰里米·贝利（Jeremy Bailey）来说，火灾是一个自然过程，它为大地注入了活力，就像雨水一样)”可知，Bailey认为火就像雨水一样使自然界充满活力和生机，所以总会给他带来愉悦感。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“He is the first guest on Life With Fire, a podcast (播客) hosted by former wildland firefighter Amanda Monthei.(他是《与火同在》（Life With Fire）播客的第一位嘉宾，该播客由前野外消防员阿曼达·蒙西（Amanda Monthei）主持)”可知，Monthei之前是一名野外消防员，所以她知道如何应对野火。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Nick Nauslar at the National Interagency Fire Center in Idaho talks about the factors that had to line up for such extraordinary fires to occur. As well as the absence of summer monsoons (季风) and presence of constant heatwaves, it still took lightning and strong winds to generate those vast blazes.(爱达荷州国家跨部门消防中心的尼克·诺斯勒（Nick Nauslar）谈到了引发如此特大火灾所必须具备的条件。除了夏季没有季风且持续出现热浪之外，还需要闪电和强风才能引发如此大规模的火灾)”可知，关于加州的这场历史性的火灾风暴，Nauslar认为是多种因素诱发的。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“On upcoming shows, Monthei will talk to fire practitioners from around the world.(在接下来的节目中，蒙西（Monthei）将与来自世界各地的消防从业者进行交流)”可知，Monthei将在接下来的节目中与来自世界各地的消防从业人员进行对话，所以这档节目的受访人员范围比之前更广。故选A。 （24-25高三上·广东惠州·阶段练习）Did you know that after a stroke (中风), nearly one-third of survivors face a challenging condition known as “neglect”? This neurological disorder significantly impacts a stroke survivor’s recovery, affecting their motor skills and critical perceptual domains (感知域), such as spatial awareness. Visuospatial (视觉空间) Neglect (VSN) is particularly notable, where patients struggle to identify objects in areas of their visual field, often on their left side. This often leads to increased risks of falls and heightened caregiver stress. Traditional rehabilitation can be tough on both patients and therapists, leading to issues with patient and diagnostic challenges for therapists. The lack of a standardized treatment for VSN worsens this issue, leading to recent research efforts focused on developing treatment solutions. Two recent studies have pointed out the promise of using music therapy and virtual reality (VR) as potential treatment experiences for VSN patients. In music therapy, a practice known as Musical Neglect Training (MNT) involves patients actively participating in musical exercises. In these exercises, patients are instructed to play musical patterns on different musical instruments, which extend to the neglected visual field. A music therapy study showed promising findings in this area. VR has also shown promise in this area. Recent studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in the diagnosis and assessment of VSN, as well as in motivation. The studies highlight core advantages of VR treatment for VSN, including customizable treatment experiences and immersive patient experiences. Additionally, a research team found evidence of an increase in brain activity regions of neglect patients after using a VR intervention, linked to improvements in their saccadic eye movements — a rapid eye glance from one point to another. Another study currently in peer review found promising results in VSN patients, engagement and positive feedback while using a custom-made VR application for treatment. In addition, they found one patient’s task response time might have improved considerably with the use of audio cues. These studies provide glimpses into the future of tailored rehabilitation and are promising in the ongoing development of rehabilitation treatments for stroke and neglect. 1．What is difficult for patients with VSN commonly to do? A．Making clear sounds and express themselves clearly. B．Getting along well with their doctors and their families. C．Identifying objects on their left side of their visual field. D．Moving around freely and naturally as normal people do. 2．What can we infer from paragraph 3 about traditional treatment for VSN? A．It leads to bad relation between patients and doctors. B．It only worsens the patients’ health condition eventually. C．Traditional treatment for VSN is out of date nowadays. D．This treatment is still not so perfect for patients with VSN. 3．What is music therapy intended to do? A．To get patients to take more physical sports. B．To restore patients’ neglected visual areas. C．To play different kinds of musical instruments. D．To help patients learn to enjoy different music. 4．What does the last paragraph indicate? A．The author is confident about the future of VSN treatment. B．VR treatment for VSN patients has been put into operation. C．More and more people are recovering from VSN in the world. D．VSN can be cured by using a particularly made VR application. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是针对中风后常见的视觉空间忽视（Visuospatial Neglect, VSN）这一神经障碍，最新研究探索了音乐疗法和虚拟现实（VR）作为潜在治疗方案的可行性和有效性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Visuospatial (视觉空间) Neglect (VSN) is particularly notable, where patients struggle to identify objects in areas of their visual field, often on their left side.(视觉空间忽视（VSN）尤其显著，患者很难在他们的视野区域识别物体，通常在他们的左侧)”可知，患有VSN疾病的患者通常不能识别视野左侧的物体。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Traditional rehabilitation can be tough on both patients and therapists, leading to issues with patient and diagnostic challenges for therapists. The lack of a standardized treatment for VSN worsens this issue, leading to recent research efforts focused on developing treatment solutions.(传统的康复治疗对患者和治疗师而言都可能是艰巨的挑战，这给治疗师带来了患者配合度及诊断方面的难题。由于缺乏针对前庭感觉神经（VSN）损伤的标准化治疗方案，这一问题愈发严重，从而导致近期的研究工作集中在了开发治疗方案上)”可知，传统的治疗方式对于病人和医生来说都相当困难，而且由于缺乏标准化的治疗方式，传统的治疗方式还会导致许多问题的出现。由此，我们可以看出，传统的治疗方式还不是很完美。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“In these exercises, patients are instructed to play musical patterns on different musical instruments, which extend to the neglected visual field.(在这些练习中，患者被指示用不同的乐器演奏音乐模式，这些乐器延伸到被忽视的视野)”可知，音乐疗法旨在扩大或恢复病人被忽视的视觉区域。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“These studies provide glimpses into the future of tailored rehabilitation and are promising in the ongoing development of rehabilitation treatments for stroke and neglect.(这些研究为量身定制康复的未来提供了一瞥，并为中风和忽视的康复治疗的持续发展提供了希望)”可推知，作者对将来对VSN的治疗充满信心。故选A。 （24-25高三上·广东·阶段练习）When people talk about suddenly remembering old memories , the memories they’ re referring to are usually episodic (情景的) memories. As the name suggests, this type of memory stores the scenes of our life. Another type of memory that can also be suddenly remembered is semantic memory. Our semantic memory is the storehouse of our knowledge, containing all the facts we know. Usually, the recall of episodic and semantic memories has easily identifiable triggers (诱因) in our context. Context includes our physical surroundings as well as the aspects of our mental state, such as thoughts and feelings. For example, you’re eating a dish at a restaurant, and its smell reminds you of a similar dish your mom used to make. This is episodic memory. When someone says the word “Oscar”, the name of the movie that won the Oscar recently flashes in your mind. That belongs to semantic memory. These memories had obvious triggers in our context, but sometimes, the memories that flash in our minds have no identifiable triggers. They seem to flash across our minds out of nowhere; therefore, they’ve been called mind-pops (闪念). Mind-pops shouldn’t be confused with insight, which is the sudden pop ping up of a potential solution to a complex problem in the mind. Thus, mind- pops are semantic or autobiographical memories that suddenly flash in our minds without an easily identifiable trigger. Mind-pops may comprise any piece of information, be it an image, a sound, or a word. They’re often experienced by people when they’re engaged in mundane tasks like mopping the floor or brushing teeth. Such ordinary and unexciting routines tend to inspire something in our mind. For example, you’re reading a book, and suddenly, the image of your school corridor pops into your mind for no reason. What you were reading or thinking at the time had no connection to your school. I do experience mind-pops from time to time. But when I tried to look for cues in my con text that may have triggered my mind-pops, I would fail. Maybe such mind-pops are completely random. 1．Which of the following might be episodic memory? A．You predict a heavy rain is on the way. B．A good idea flashes into your mind suddenly. C．A song reminds you of your middle school graduation. D．You think of a round shape when hearing the word “circle”. 2．What is a feature of mind-pops? A．They have obvious triggers. B．They come out without warning. C．They appear in the form of images. D．They often bring long- lasting memories. 3．What does the underlined word “mundane” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Careful. B．Dull. C．Necessary. D．Challenging. 4．What is the aim of this passage? A．To explore human inner thoughts. B．To point out the memory formation. C．To distinguish different memory scenes. D．To explain some similar memory phenomena. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了认知心理学的几种现象，如情景记忆、语义记忆还有闪念及其与顿悟之间的差异等。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, you’re eating a dish at a restaurant, and its smell reminds you of a similar dish your mom used to make. This is episodic memory. (例如，你在餐馆吃一道菜，它的味道让你想起了你妈妈以前做过的类似的菜。这就是情景记忆.)”可知，情景记忆就是类似的物质环境和精神状态引起我们曾经的记忆，所以C项“一首歌让你想起中学毕业”属于情景记忆的范畴。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“These memories had obvious triggers in our context, but sometimes, the memories that flash in our minds have no identifiable triggers. They seem to flash across our minds out of nowhere; therefore, they’ve been called mind-pops (闪念). (这些记忆在我们的环境中有明显的触发点，但有时，在我们脑海中闪现的记忆没有可识别的触发点。它们似乎不知从哪里在我们脑海中闪过；因此，它们被称为闪念。)”可知，闪念是在脑海中闪现的记忆，没有可识别的触发点，突然在我们脑海中闪过。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词后面的例子“like mopping the floor or brushing teeth (从事拖地或刷牙)”以及“Such ordinary and unexciting routines tend to inspire something in our mind (这些平凡无奇的日常往往会激发我们的思想)”可知，刷牙、拖地是单调的日常工作，由此推断B选项词义与画线词词义接近。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“When people talk about suddenly remembering old memories , the memories they’ re referring to are usually episodic (情景的) memories. As the name suggests, this type of memory stores the scenes of our life. (当人们说突然想起旧记忆时，他们指的通常是情景记忆。顾名思义，这种类型的记忆存储了我们生活中的场景。)”以及第二段“Another type of memory that can also be suddenly remembered is semantic memory. Our semantic memory is the storehouse of our knowledge, containing all the facts we know. (另一种可以被突然记住的记忆是语义记忆。我们的语义记忆是我们知识的仓库，包含了我们所知道的所有事实。)”以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了什么是情景记忆、语义记忆、闪念及其与顿悟的区别等，由此推断文章的目的是解释一些相似的记忆现象。故选D项。 （24-25高三上·广东茂名·阶段练习）Social media has had an immeasurable impact on the world. It has increased interconnectivity and sped up the spread of information, but its biggest impact of all might be the changes it has made to language. Dozens of terms and phrases have originated on social media. “Selfie” was named word of the year by the Oxford English Dictionary in 2013. Two years later, the “Face with Tears of Joy” emoji became their “word” of the year. There are many more examples of social media slang (俚语) included in the dictionary. Besides, words like “hashtag” and “lol” have become ordinary, all thanks to their wide usage on social media platforms. Other social media words are new combinations of other words. Photobomb, for instance, describes the phenomenon of getting into somebody’s photographs accidentally, which came about due to the success of image-sharing platforms. Social media has done more than invent new words and combine existing ones. It has completely transformed the meaning of a large portion of our language. The word “friend” is now widely used as a verb to mean adding someone on social media platforms. The word “add” means sending an invitation to connect social media accounts. The number of “likes” is now a measurement of popularity. So far, we have only discussed social media’s effect on the English language, but one significant variation in language it has brought about involves communication across different languages. Some social media platforms have a built-in translation function that intends to reduce language barriers for users. This deserves praise in theory, and the function has been described as “surprisingly accurate”. But as translation agency Global Voices points out, social media usage across cultures differs greatly, and no built-in algorithm (算法) can translate this. Another way social media has made progress in breaking down the language barrier is with AI chatbots, which are becoming increasingly popular on social media. Some users have said chatbots could eventually be used to teach languages. They say the best way of learning a language is to try speaking it, and with social media dominating communication, who’s to say speaking to a chatbot is not just as good? 1．What does the underlined word “Photobomb” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Intentionally stealing the scene. B．Casually playing tricks in the photo. C．Unexpectedly appearing in the photo. D．Actively participating in the photo. 2．What do we know about social media’s translation function? A．It is only useful for some specific languages. B．It is not as good as expected due to cultural differences. C．It is the best way to communicate across different languages. D．It is completely accurate and has removed all language barriers. 3．What is some people’s attitude towards chatbots when it comes to language learning? A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Critical. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Development of the English Language B．The Role of Technology in Communication C．The Rise of New Words in the Digital Age D．The Impact of Social Media on Language Development 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了社交媒体对语言的影响，包括创造新词、改变单词意义、影响不同语言之间的交流，以及人工智能聊天机器人的兴起。 1．词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“describes the phenomenon of getting into somebody’s photographs accidentally, which came about due to the success of image-sharing platforms. (指不小心进入别人照片的现象，这种现象是由于图片分享平台的成功而产生的)”可知，画线词指的是意外出现在他人照片中的现象。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Some social media platforms have a built-in translation function that intends to reduce language barriers for users. This deserves praise in theory, and the function has been described as “surprisingly accurate”. But as translation agency Global Voices points out, social media usage across cultures differs greatly, and no built-in algorithm (算法) can translate this. (一些社交媒体平台有一个内置的翻译功能，旨在减少用户的语言障碍。这在理论上值得称赞，该功能被描述为“出乎意料的准确”。但正如翻译机构全球之声指出的那样，不同文化的社交媒体使用差异很大，没有内置的算法可以翻译这一点)”可知，社交媒体的翻译功能理论上值得称赞且被认为很准确，但由于不同文化中社交媒体使用方式差异很大，其内置算法无法翻译这些差异，所以实际上它并不如预期的那么好。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Some users have said chatbots could eventually be used to teach languages. They say the best way of learning a language is to try speaking it, and with social media dominating communication, who’s to say speaking to a chatbot is not just as good? (一些用户表示，聊天机器人最终可以用来教授语言。他们说学习一门语言的最好方法是尝试说它，在社交媒体主导交流的情况下，谁说和聊天机器人说话就没有那么好呢)”可知，一些用户认为聊天机器人可以服务于口语交流，从而让人学会一门语言。这表明他们对聊天机器人在语言学习方面的态度是赞许的。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Social media has had an immeasurable impact on the world. It has increased interconnectivity and sped up the spread of information, but its biggest impact of all might be the changes it has made to language. (社交媒体对世界产生了不可估量的影响。它增加了互联性，加速了信息的传播，但它最大的影响可能是它对语言的改变)”可知，文章主要围绕社交媒体对语言的影响展开，其中重点讲述了对英语语言的影响，如创造新词汇、改变词汇意义等。A项“英语语言的发展”范围过大，未突出社交媒体的作用；B项“技术在交流中的作用”过于宽泛，没有具体指向社交媒体对语言尤其是英语语言的影响；C项“数字时代新词汇的兴起”只是文章部分内容，不能全面概括主旨；D项“社交媒体对语言发展的影响”准确地涵盖了文章主要讨论的内容，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 （24-25高三上·广东茂名·阶段练习）Indigenous (土著的) Australians have a close connection to the land, waters and living things. Their values, identity, spiritual beliefs, and lifestyles have all been strongly influenced by the environment. This relationship with the natural world comes from their belief: All the elements of the universe, including humans, plants, animals, landforms and waterways as well as the sun, the moon and stars were all created by ancestral beings, and after the creation of the world, they live on in mountains, rivers and other natural features today. Within their traditional societies, each clan (氏族) has a specific area of land, or Country, to which they are connected or belong. Each clan has built a unique body of knowledge based on its Country that is passed down through generations by the elders. The knowledge includes practices for managing the land and its resources, which are known as “caring for Country”. Although these practices differ according to location, Indigenous Australians share the belief that protecting resources is essential. Traditionally, they would stay in an area only for a certain period of time to prevent excessive hunting, fishing or harvesting. They also moved from place to place to adapt to changes of the seasons, which can affect the availability of food sources. Indigenous Australians were hunters and gatherers. Men hunted mainly for large animals, such as kangaroos and big birds. Women and children hunted small animals and collected fruits, honey, insects, eggs and plants. They would use traditional medicines to treat burns, snake bites, headaches, eye infections and so on. These treatments were referred to as “bush medicine” because all the things used in the treatments were gathered from the natural resources in the bush, such as wild herbs, soil, animal products and leaves. Indigenous Australians have a deep respect for nature. Over tens of thousands of years of living close to nature, they have also learned how to change the environment to meet their needs while ensuring that natural resources can continue to be available for future generations. 1．How do Indigenous Australians manage their land and resources? A．By leaving the land untouched. B．By engaging in “Country care” practices. C．By selling resources to outsiders. D．By emphasizing environmental changes. 2．Why did Indigenous Australians traditionally move from place to place? A．To trade with other clans for food. B．To explore new territories for settlement. C．To avoid conflicts with other ethnic groups. D．To adapt to seasonal changes and find food. 3．What can be inferred from the text about “bush medicine”？ A．It is no longer used in present times. B．It is only used by a particular ethnic group. C．It is more effective than modern medicine. D．It is closely related to the natural environment. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To illustrate the variety of wildlife in Australia. B．To describe the daily activities of Indigenous Australians. C．To highlight Indigenous Australians’ connection with nature. D．To argue for the preservation of traditional hunting practices. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了土著澳大利亚人与自然环境有着十分紧密的联系，这种关系体现在其价值观、生活方式和对自然资源的利用实践中。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“The knowledge includes practices for managing the land and its resources, which are known as ‘caring for Country’(这些知识包括管理土地及其资源的实践，被称为“关心国家”。)”可知，澳大利亚土著人通过参与“关心国家”实践来管理他们的土地和资源的。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They also moved from place to place to adapt to changes of the seasons, which can affect the availability of food sources.(他们还从一个地方搬到另一个地方，以适应季节的变化，这可能会影响食物来源的可用性。)”可知，土著澳大利亚人迁移是为了适应季节变化，寻找食物。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“These treatments were referred to as ‘bush medicine’ because all the things used in the treatments were gathered from the natural resources in the bush, such as wild herbs, soil, animal products and leaves.(这些疗法被称为“丛林药”，因为治疗中使用的所有东西都是从丛林中的自然资源中收集的，如野生草药、土壤、动物产品和树叶。)”可以推断出，“丛林药物 (bush medicine) ”所有治疗用品都来自丛林中的自然资源，这表明它与自然环境密切相关，故选D项。 4．推理判断题。文章强调澳大利亚土著人与自然的紧密联系，包括他们的精神信仰、生活方式、狩猎采集习惯和对环境的尊重等，其核心是展现土著澳大利亚人与自然的密切联系。故选C项。 （2024·广东·一模）Contrasting with the vividly hued avian species, the majority of mammalian creatures tend to exhibit shades of brown and gray, with only a minuscule number of notable deviations, the most renowned of which is the majestic panda. We have formulated preliminary conjectures regarding the rationale behind their distinctive markings; however, it is imperative that we ascertain the underlying cause for its enigmatic patterning. Upon close examination within the confines of a zoological garden, the majestic panda presents itself as a strikingly conspicuous amalgamation of a white bear with black shoulders and limbs, coupled with an extraordinary visage adorned with black fur encircling the eyes and ears. By drawing comparisons with other carnivorous creatures, it has been discerned that those with white dorsal surfaces are typically encountered in snowy settings, whereas those with dark legs and shoulders are prevalent in shadowy habitats. This observation suggests that the fur serves as an adaptive mechanism for self-preservation across diverse environmental contexts. In contemporary times, the majestic pandas are confined to the forests of western China, where they lead solitary existences with a relatively minimal presence of predators. It is our objective to validate the efficacy of such self-preservation strategies against the former predators of the pandas, which once roamed extensively from China to Vietnam. By juxtaposing the light reflection from the panda’s fur with the natural backdrop, it becomes evident that their black fur patches correspond with the darker shades and tree trunks, while their white patches align with the bright foliage and snow. Furthermore, the pale brown, or muddy, fur harmonizes with the ground’s hue. This provides an intermediate coloration that bridges the gap between the starkly dark and starkly light visual components within their natural habitat. In addition, a secondary form of self-protection is afforded by what is termed as disarrayed colors and patterns — in which conspicuous patches disrupt its silhouette by blending with the background patches. The majestic pandas exhibit this form of protective silhouette, particularly at extended observation distances of no less than sixty meters. At such distances, the panda becomes nearly indistinguishable as the black fur patches merge with the background, dark rocks, and tree trunks. While the majestic pandas in zoological settings are highly conspicuous to us, this is attributable to our proximity and the artificial surroundings. However, in their natural habitat and at a distance, our research indicates that they are exquisitely camouflaged to evade detection. 1．How are giant pandas different from most mammals？ ______ A．They are more brightly colored. B．They are marked with browns and greys. C．They have exceptional colors and patterns. D．Their dark legs match snowy environments. 2．Which can interpret the underlined part “confined to” in paragraph 3？ ______ A．Enclosed in. B．Raised in. C．Lost in. D．Trained in. 3．What is the purpose of paragraph 4？ ______ A．To explain the reason for pandas living in the wild. B．To confirm the panda’s color connection to the habitat. C．To compare the differences of pandas’ body parts in color. D．To conclude the relationship between light and pandas’ colors. 4．What can we infer about giant pandas from the last two paragraphs？ ______ A．They look darker in the artificial background. B．Their patterns are determined by their whereabouts. C．The effectiveness of defensive colors is related to distance. D．They are more beautifully-colored in the wild than in the zoo. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍大熊猫独特的颜色和图案的成因，以及这些颜色和图案如何作为一种自我保护机制，帮助大熊猫在自然环境中隐藏自己。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Contrasting with the vividly hued avian species, the majority of mammalian creatures tend to exhibit shades of brown and gray, with only a minuscule number of notable deviations, the most renowned of which is the majestic panda. (与色彩鲜艳的鸟类相比，大多数哺乳动物往往呈现出棕色和灰色的色调，只有极少数有明显的差异，其中最著名的是大熊猫)”可知，大熊猫与大多数哺乳动物的区别在于它们有特殊的颜色和图案。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词后提到“where they lead solitary existences with a relatively minimal presence of predators. (它们在那里过着独居生活，捕食者的存在相对较少)”可知，前面是说，如今，大熊猫被限制在中国西部的森林里，be confined to意为“被限制在……”，所以划线单词的意思与“被限制”意义相近。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“By juxtaposing the light reflection from the panda’s fur with the natural backdrop, it becomes evident that their black fur patches correspond with the darker shades and tree trunks, while their white patches align with the bright foliage and snow. Furthermore, the pale brown, or muddy, fur harmonizes with the ground’s hue. This provides an intermediate coloration that bridges the gap between the starkly dark and starkly light visual components within their natural habitat. In addition, a secondary form of self-protection is afforded by what is termed as disarrayed colors and patterns — in which conspicuous patches disrupt its silhouette by blending with the background patches. (通过将熊猫毛皮上的光反射与自然背景并置，可以明显看出它们的黑色毛皮斑块与较暗的阴影和树干相对应，而白色斑块则与明亮的树叶和雪地对齐。此外，淡棕色或泥泞的毛皮与地面的色调相协调。这提供了一种中间色彩，弥合了它们自然栖息地内截然黑暗和截然明亮的视觉成分之间的差距。另外，所谓的杂乱色彩和图案提供了第二种自我保护形式——其中显眼的斑块通过与背景斑块融合而打破了它的轮廓)”可知，第四段讨论了大熊猫的颜色与其栖息地之间的联系，通过比较大熊猫的皮毛颜色与自然环境的背景，来解释这种颜色如何帮助大熊猫进行自我保护。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The majestic pandas exhibit this form of protective silhouette, particularly at extended observation distances of no less than sixty meters. At such distances, the panda becomes nearly indistinguishable as the black fur patches merge with the background, dark rocks, and tree trunks. (大熊猫展现出这种保护性的轮廓，尤其是在不少于六十米的远距离观察时。在这样远的距离下，熊猫几乎变得难以辨认，因为黑色的皮毛斑块与背景、暗色岩石和树干融为一体。)”（大熊猫表现出这种形式的防御外形，特别是在至少60米以外的较远距离观看时，在这样的距离上，大熊猫的黑色皮毛与背景、深色岩石和树干相得益彰，几乎无法辨认)”和最后一段中“However, in their natural habitat and at a distance, our research indicates that they are exquisitely camouflaged to evade detection. (然而，我们的研究表明，在它们的自然栖息地并且距离较远时，它们具有极佳的保护色用以躲避侦测)”可知，在远处观看大熊猫，它们的颜色会起到很好的保护效果，可见大熊猫的这种防御颜色的保护效果与距离有关。故选C。 （2024·广东·一模）The Ultimate Guide to Revamping Your Home Decor When it’s time to refresh your living space, who’s the best person to give you some advice? You’ll probably turn to your friend for some feedback and design tips — they know your taste and can offer an honest opinion about which colors clash and which layout makes your room look inviting. However, for someone like me, who’s not a connoisseur of interior design and has a more pragmatic approach to home decor, I don’t need help — it’s just functional furniture or...functional furniture! But for people who care about the aesthetics of their home, they can now get some reliable advice with the aid of technology. Of course, using social media is a good way when you are at a loss about decor, but this sometimes brings in too much conflicting advice and opinions that are sometimes overly direct! That’s why one designer has developed an app to help homeowners crowdsource advice from decorators in a safe, respectful communication environment. Eva Johnson’s Decor Advisor app allows users to post a photo and receive “yes” or “no” answers from other users, or more detailed advice from interior designers and bloggers very quickly. According to Emily Smith, a design editor at HomeStyle magazine, this is a growing business, with several new apps such as DesignDIY, RoomMate, and DecorMatch all offering homeowners tips on suitable and stylish furniture to use. There’s also a website called RoomFitU which finds furniture to fit your room dimensions. Its chief executive, Mark Thompson, says there are no universal standards in furniture sizes but he explains, “We can set up your room profile in a few seconds with 80% accuracy just knowing your room’s dimensions, your preferences, and your budget.” This information is used to find furniture that suits your actual space. And the tech giant, Google, has also developed a camera that links to a “design check” function that compares photos and gives its opinion of which layout is better, based on space utilization, color coordination, style, and current design trends. But does technology make design advice a bit impersonal? Eva Johnson admits that homeowners in particular are social beings and that “AI will never stop us talking to each other...people will always want the approval of the experienced designer.” But as for me: an app with someone I don’t know could be the place to start with some carefully-worded decor tips! 1．What is the primary concern when seeking home decor advice on social media? A．Lack of personal touch. B．Overwhelming amount of choices. C．Potential for dishonest opinions. D．Contradictory advice from different sources. 2．Who might be the target audience for Eva Johnson’s Decor Advisor app? A．Professional interior designers. B．Individuals looking for a practical approach to home decor. C．Social media influencers in the home decor niche. D．Homeowners seeking a safe and respectful advice platform. 3．How does RoomFitU assist users in selecting furniture that fits their room dimensions? A．By using a high-tech camera to measure room dimensions. B．By relying on universal standards for furniture sizes. C．By setting up a room profile based on dimensions, preferences, and budget. D．By providing a comparison of different furniture styles. 4．What would be an appropriate title for the article discussing technology’s role in home decor advice? A．The Evolution of Home Decor B．The Social Media Decor Dilemma C．Technology Meets Home Decor D．The Future of Interior Design 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今科技被用来提供家装建议，可以帮助人们在一个安全、非暴力的交流环境中众包造型师的建议，文章列举了一些应用程序加以说明。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Of course, using social media is a good way when you are at a loss about decor, but this sometimes brings in too much conflicting advice and opinions that are sometimes overly direct!(当然，当你对装饰不知所措时，使用社交媒体是一个好方法，但这有时会带来太多相互矛盾的建议和意见，有时过于直接)”可知，在社交媒体上寻求家居装饰建议时，主要问题是来自不同来源的矛盾建议。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“That’s why one designer has developed an app to help homeowners crowdsource advice from decorators in a safe, respectful communication environment.(这就是为什么一位设计师开发了一款应用程序，帮助房主在一个安全、相互尊重的交流环境中众包装修师的建议)”和第四段“Eva Johnson’s Decor Advisor app allows users to post a photo and receive “yes” or “no” answers from other users, or more detailed advice from interior designers and bloggers very quickly.(Eva Johnson’s Decor Advisor app允许用户发布照片，并很快收到其他用户的“是”或“否”答案，或者室内设计师和博主提供的更详细的建议)”可知，Eva Johnson’s Decor Advisor app被描述为一个安全、尊重的沟通环境，用户可以发布照片并从其他用户那里获得“是”或“否”的答案，或者从室内设计师和博主那里获得更详细的建议。因此，该应用的目标受众是寻求安全和尊重建议平台的家居主人。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Its chief executive, Mark Thompson, says there are no universal standards in furniture sizes but he explains, “We can set up your room profile in a few seconds with 80% accuracy just knowing your room’s dimensions, your preferences, and your budget.”(该公司首席执行官Mark Thompson表示，家具尺寸没有统一的标准，但他解释说：“只要知道你房间的尺寸、你的喜好和预算，我们就能在几秒钟内建立你的房间概况，准确率达到80%。”)”可知，通过根据尺寸、偏好和预算设置房间配置文件来帮助用户选择适合房间尺寸的家具。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第三段“That’s why one designer has developed an app to help homeowners crowdsource advice from decorators in a safe, respectful communication environment.(这就是为什么一位设计师开发了一款应用程序，帮助房主在一个安全、相互尊重的交流环境中众包装修师的建议)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讨论了技术在家居装饰建议中的作用，包括各种应用程序和网站如何帮助用户选择和设计家具，因此最合适的标题是C项“科技与家居装饰的结合”。故选C项。 重难语篇拔高练 （2024·广东·一模）For those intrepid voyagers who, within the contemplative purview of their itinerant designs, are scheming to embark upon or alight from the Gallic terrains within the confines of the annum 2024, we find ourselves necessitated to propagate a morsel of vexing intelligence — countless aeronautic transits from a quartet of French aerodromes are destined to succumb to annulment, an outcome engendered by the obsolescence of a substantial segment of the aeronautic traffic superintendence infrastructure, which, in a state of torpor since the epoch of the 1970s, has yet to undergo a metamorphosis of technological rejuvenescence. The aeronautic traffic superintendence mechanisms in the Parisian principal aerodromes are not merely overdue for a comprehensive revivification but are also in exigent need of a substantial amelioration, as the annum of 2024 heralds a juncture of pivotal enhancement, with an estimation that approximately four-fifths of the system is in dire need of modernization, despite having received a plethora of minor updates over the years. At present, the labor force is still ensconced in the deployment of an aeronautic traffic superintendence protocol that harks back to the 1970s, which, in an intriguingly archaic modality, encompasses the utilization of paper slips to symbolize incoming aeronautic conveyances, and fortunately, a substantial investment of €1 billion is being directed towards the enhancement of France’s aeronautic traffic superintendence capabilities, an imperative step towards modernization. However, this imperative modernization will inevitably precipitate a significant number of aeronautic transit cancellations, as prognosticated by BFM, which estimates that approximately 16,500 flights destined for or departing from Paris’s Charles de Gaulle, Orly, Le Bourget, and Beauvais aerodromes will be aborted, a development that is particularly impactful when considering the passenger traffic in 2022, which saw nearly 44 million individuals traversing through Parisian aerodromes, with Charles de Gaulle accommodating 26.1 million and Paris Orly serving 15.7 million passengers, a statistic that underscores the importance of the forthcoming improvements. In anticipation of the forthcoming enhancements, aeronautic companies operating at these aerodromes have been instructed to diminish their flight schedules by 20 percent between the 9th of March and the 14th of April, a period during which the new system will undergo rigorous testing at Athis-Mons, France’s most extensive aeronautic traffic superintendence nexus, a development that will undoubtedly impact the flight schedules of many. Concerning the potential impact on your flight to France, the decision regarding which flights will be suspended rests with each respective aeronautic company, as it is surmised that long-haul routes will be accorded precedence, a strategy that has already been implemented by Air France, which has initiated the cancellation of certain flights, notifying affected passengers and providing them with same-day alternative options, a measure that is aimed at mitigating the inconvenience caused by the cancellations. While this may suggest that navigating through Parisian airspace in 2024 could be somewhat chaotic, a development that is particularly concerning when considering that an estimated 2.5 million flights traverse French skies annually, it is essential to transition to a more dependable system than the paper-based methodology, a transition that is not only necessary but also crucial for the safety and efficiency of aeronautic traffic control in the nation. 1．What inconvenience will be caused in France according to the passage? A．Airlines will decrease their flights. B．A number of flights will be delayed. C．Flights to France will be unavailable. D．The airports will be under reconstruction. 2．Why are the figures listed in paragraph 4? A．To illustrate the flight cancellations. B．To give examples of airport capacities. C．To compare the numbers of passengers. D．To analyze the reasons for air traffic control. 3．What can happen to people travelling to France in 2024? A．They will be offered a discount. B．They might reschedule their flights. C．They will have to cancel their travel plans. D．They can only book tickets for long-distance routes. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．France’s largest air traffic control centre will be tested. B．EI billion is being invested into modernizing four French airports. C．France is cancelling flights for improving air traffic control system. D．The number of passengers that pass through Paris’ airports will decrease. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了法国航空交通管理系统因老旧而急需更新，这将导致2024年大量航班被取消，给乘客和航空公司带来不便，同时介绍了更新系统的必要性和相关计划。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“we find ourselves necessitated to propagate a morsel of vexing intelligence — countless aeronautic transits from a quartet of French aerodromes are destined to succumb to annulment, an outcome engendered by the obsolescence of a substantial segment of the aeronautic traffic superintendence infrastructure (我们发现自己不得不传播一点令人烦恼的消息——来自四个法国机场的无数航空运输将注定被取消，这一结果是由航空交通监管基础设施的一大部分过时所导致的)”可知，法国航空公司将减少航班，带来不便。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“fortunately, a substantial investment of €1 billion is being directed towards the enhancement of France’s aeronautic traffic superintendence capabilities, an imperative step towards modernization.(幸运的是，10 亿欧元的巨额投资正被用于提升法国的航空交通监管能力，这是迈向现代化的关键一步)”可知，法国将投资10 亿欧元用于提升法国的航空交通监管能力，实现航空交通监管的现代化。而第四段“However, this imperative modernization will inevitably precipitate a significant number of aeronautic transit cancellations, as prognosticated by BFM, which estimates that approximately 16,500 flights destined for or departing from Paris’s Charles de Gaulle, Orly, Le Bourget, and Beauvais aerodromes will be aborted, a development that is particularly impactful when considering the passenger traffic in 2022, which saw nearly 44 million individuals traversing through Parisian aerodromes, with Charles de Gaulle accommodating 26.1 million and Paris Orly serving 15.7 million passengers, a statistic that underscores the importance of the forthcoming improvements.(然而，正如BFM预测的那样，这种势在必行的现代化将不可避免地导致大量航空运输取消，该公司估计，前往或离开巴黎戴高乐、奥利、布尔热和博韦机场的大约16,500次航班将被中止，考虑到2022年的客运量，这一发展尤其有影响力，近4400万人穿越巴黎机场，戴高乐容纳2610万，巴黎奥利为1570万乘客服务，这一统计数据突显了即将到来的改进的重要性)”中介绍了这一举措可能带来的问题——因交通管制而取消大量航空运输，但同时也用数字介绍了近年法国航空庞大的客运量，凸显了系统改进的迫在眉睫，说明了为实现航空交通监管现代化而进行短期交通管制的原因。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段“Concerning the potential impact on your flight to France, the decision regarding which flights will be suspended rests with each respective aeronautic company, as it is surmised that long-haul routes will be accorded precedence, a strategy that has already been implemented by Air France, which has initiated the cancellation of certain flights, notifying affected passengers and providing them with same-day alternative options, a measure that is aimed at mitigating the inconvenience caused by the cancellations.(关于对您飞往法国的航班的潜在影响，哪些航班将暂停的决定取决于各航空公司，因为据推测，长途航线将被优先考虑，法国航空公司已经实施了这一战略，该公司已经开始取消某些航班，通知受影响的乘客，并为他们提供当天的替代选择，这一措施旨在减轻取消造成的不便)”和最后一段中“While this may suggest that navigating through Parisian airspace in 2024 could be somewhat chaotic...(虽然这可能表明在 2024 年穿越巴黎领空可能会有些混乱)”可知，长途航线将被优先暂停，2024 年穿越巴黎领空可能会有些混乱，所以2024年前往法国的旅客可能需要重新安排他们的航班。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“countless aeronautic transits from a quartet of French aerodromes are destined to succumb to annulment, an outcome engendered by the obsolescence of a substantial segment of the aeronautic traffic superintendence infrastructure (无数从法国四个机场起降的航班注定要被取消，这一结果是由航空交通管理基础设施大部分过时所造成的)”以及后文对航班取消原因、影响和改进措施的介绍可知，文章主要介绍了法国为改善航空交通管理系统而取消航班的情况。故选C项。 （24-25高三上·广东·阶段练习）That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night, they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect. Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it since performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators. This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did. Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found. 1．What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect? A．To what extent it can trouble people. B．What role it has played in evolution.      C．What circumstances may trigger it. D．In what way it can be beneficial. 2．What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research? A．She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep. B．She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way. C．She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins D．She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns. 3．What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment? A．She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains. B．She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment. C．She exposed her participants to two different stimuli. D．She compared the responses of different participants. 4．What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment? A．They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others. B．They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat. C．They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps. D．They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了首夜效应的现象、起源及科学家的相关研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it since performance might be affected the following day.(这个难题在于从中能获得什么好处，因为第二天的表现可能会受到影响)”可知，研究者困惑于首夜效应有何益处。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators. This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing.(她还从之前对鸟类和海豚的研究中了解到，这些动物一次让一半的大脑进入睡眠状态，这样它们就可以休息，同时保持足够的警觉以躲避捕食者。这让她怀疑人们是否也在做同样的事情)”可知，Dr. Yuka Sasaki从之前关于鸟类和海豚的研究中得到了一些启发。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night.(为了验证左脑半球是否确实保持清醒以处理周围环境中检测到的信息，Sasaki博士在实验中再次对睡眠中的参与者播放了一整夜的蜂鸣声，其中包括规律性的同音调蜂鸣声和不规则的不同音调的蜂鸣声)”可知，Sasaki博士在重新进行实验时，给睡眠中的参与者同时呈现了两种不同的刺激——规律性的蜂鸣声和不规律性的蜂鸣声。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.(她推断出，如果左脑半球在陌生的环境中保持警觉以守卫，那么它会对不规则的蜂鸣声作出反应，把人们从睡梦中惊醒，而忽略那些规律性的蜂鸣声。这正是她所发现的现象)”可知，Sasaki博士发现参与者在听到不规律性的蜂鸣声时会被唤醒，这表明他们倾向于将不规律性的蜂鸣声视为威胁。故选B。 （2024·广东·一模）Sulphur-crested cockatoos (葵花凤头鹦鹉) are common in western Australia, where they normally live in wooded areas. But as forests have been cut down, cockatoos have gotten used to living near people. Scientists report that people in Sydney, Australia are in a battle with these birds. Last year, scientists at the Max Planck Institute reported that the cockatoos had learned how to open the covers of trash bins for food. That’s not an easy job. The cockatoos must lift the heavy cover with their beaks (喙) and then walk along, pushing the cover up until it falls over. When scientists first began studying the cockatoos in 2018, only three areas in Sydney had cover-opening cockatoos. A year and a half later, cockatoos in 44 different areas knew the trick. This time the scientists decided to study further. They weren’t just studying cockatoos. They were also studying humans. The scientists spent weeks studying more than 3,200 trash bins in four different areas of Sydney. They wanted to see how many bins were protected and what methods were used. In one area, over half the bins were protected. The most common way of protecting the bins was to put a brick or some other heavy objects on the cover. Some people put things like rubber snakes on the top of their bins. The scientists discovered that the humans were teaching each other tricks, too. In most neighborhoods, many people used the same cockatoo -stopping methods as their neighbors. The researchers say, “It’s like a race between humans and cockatoos to learn new ways of doing things. Now many cockatoos have learned how to push heavy items off the bins. As a result, humans have figured out ways to attach the items to the top of their bins.” The researchers describe the situation as a “human-wildlife conflict” “We expect these conflicts to become more common as humans take over more areas that used to be wild. We’d better understand the animals we share our lives with, and be patient with them,” they add. 1．What can we learn about sulphur-crested cockatoos from the text? A．They like copying humans’ behavior. B．They are highly intelligent birds. C．They are good at walking for long hours. D．They are newly found in Australia. 2．What did the scientists find in their further research? A．How humans responded to the birds’ trick. B．When the birds were able to win the battle. C．Why the birds in more areas did the trick. D．How the cockatoos learned to do the trick. 3．What do the researchers mean in the last paragraph? A．Humans have better ability to learn. B．The birds intended to make humans angry C．There are different kinds of ways to open bins. D．Humans should change their attitudes to wildlife. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．How to Help “Homeless” Cockatoos. B．A Human-Land Conflict in Australia. C．Cockatoos Caused Humans a Terrible Problem. D．A Battle for Bins between Cockatoos and Humans. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在澳大利亚的悉尼，由于森林的砍伐，葵花凤头鹦鹉习惯了靠近人类生活，并与人类开始了“争夺垃圾桶”大战。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Last year, scientists at the Max Planck Institute reported that the cockatoos had learned how to open the covers of trash bins for food. That’s not an easy job. (去年，Max Planck研究所的科学家报告称，葵花凤头鹦鹉学会了如何打开垃圾箱的盖子来获取食物。这可不是一件容易的事)”和最后一段“Now many cockatoos have learned how to push heavy items off the bins. (现在，许多葵花凤头鹦鹉已经学会了如何将重物从垃圾箱上推下来)”可知，葵花凤头鹦鹉学会了如何打开垃圾箱的盖子来获取食物并学会了如何将重物从垃圾箱上推下来，所以葵花凤头鹦鹉很聪明。故选 B。 2．细节理解题。 根据第三段“This time the scientists decided to study further. They weren’t just studying cockatoos. They were also studying humans. (这次，科学家们决定进一步研究。他们不仅仅在研究葵花凤头鹦鹉，还在研究人类)”、第四段“They wanted to see how many bins were protected and what methods were used. (他们想要了解有多少垃圾箱受到了保护，以及使用了哪些方法来保护这些垃圾箱)”以及第五段“In one area, over half the bins were protected. The most common way of protecting the bins was to put a brick or some other heavy objects on the cover. Some people put things like rubber snakes on the top of their bins. The scientists discovered that the humans were teaching each other tricks, too. In most neighborhoods, many people used the same cockatoo -stopping methods as their neighbors. (在一个区域，超过一半的垃圾箱得到了保护。最常见的保护方法是在盖子上放置砖头或其他重物。有些人甚至在垃圾箱顶部放上橡胶蛇等物品。科学家们发现，人类之间也在互相传授防止葵花凤头鹦鹉的技巧；在大多数社区里，许多居民使用的防鹦鹉方法和他们的邻居相同)”可知，在进一步的研究中，科学家们发现了人类是如何回应葵花凤头鹦鹉的这种行为的。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We expect these conflicts to become more common as humans take over more areas that used to be wild. We’d better understand the animals we share our lives with, and be patient with them,” they add. (“我们预计，随着人类占用越来越多曾经是野生的区域，这类冲突将会变得更加常见。我们最好了解与我们共存的动物，并对它们保持耐心，”他们补充道)”可知,研究者认为是人类占领了这些野生动物的生存地，应理解它们，并对它们有耐心,，所以人类应该转变对它们的态度。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段“Scientists report that people in Sydney, Australia are in a battle with these birds. (科学家报告称，澳大利亚悉尼的人们正在与这些鸟类进行一场战斗)”可知，本文主要介绍了在澳大利亚的悉尼， 葵花凤头鹦鹉与人类就垃圾桶进行着拉锯战。故选D。 （24-25高三上·广东东莞·阶段练习）If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might well eat it. But what if they offered to also give you $2? You might politely decline and walk away thinking, “Something smells fishy.” In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money” (as well as unusually high salaries or suspiciously cheap services) because they seem “too good to be true”. The research bridges economics and psychology to explain why financial attraction can backfire. In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely, compared with about 20 percent of those offered $2 as well. “People typically imagine things like that someone did something disgusting to the cookie,” says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch, a psychological scientist at University of Canterbury in New Zealand. Nine further experiments, involving more than 4,000 participants, used online questionnaires to present other cases. These included being offered money to accept a ride home, incredibly high construction-job wages and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain threshold (门槛), higher financial profit reduced participants’ potential of accepting the offer. If someone seems to go against accepted norms such as self-interest without explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be “phantom costs”: imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s “psychological value”. Factors beyond the present moment may come into play. “Understanding that others’ perceived over generosity may put us in their debt could also help explain people’s reluctance,” says Rachel McCloy, a psychologist studying decision-making at England’s University of Reading. “The old saying ‘there’s no such thing as a free lunch’ is clearly alive and well.” Another experiment found that high scorers on measures of distrust inferred more phantom costs. The researchers also showed how to alleviate the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal. The “cheap flights” experiment included a condition where the seats were revealed to be very uncomfortable. “Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point,” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was sufficient explanation.” 1．What does the underlined word “backfire” in Para. 1 mean? A．Result in an opposite effect. B．Boost the success of an offer. C．Increase the appeal of a proposal. D．Cause a positive outcome unexpectedly. 2．Why is the quote “there’s no such thing as a free lunch” mentioned by the author? A．To prove the phantom costs. B．To promote generosity in society. C．To doubt hidden costs of generous offers. D．To remind people to be cautious of free items. 3．What helps make the “cheap flights” more acceptable according to the experiment? A．Offering more flight credits. B．Discounting the price further. C．Providing additional unrelated gifts. D．Giving a seemingly reasonable explanation. 4．Which could be the best title for the text? A．Why People Embrace High-Value Offers B．Why People Reject Free Money and Offers C．Why Some Deals Seem Too Good to Be True D．How Offers of Money Increase Acceptance Rates 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了人们为何倾向于拒绝看似“好得令人难以置信”的免费或高价值提议，一项研究结合心理学和经济学，解释了这种心理现象，表明原因在于人们认为这些提议可能隐藏着未知的成本或风险。 1．词句猜测题。画线词的上文“In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money” (as well as unusually high salaries or suspiciously cheap services) because they seem “too good to be true”. (在《人格与社会心理学公报》上发表的一项研究中，研究人员发现，人们倾向于拒绝“免费的钱”（以及异常高的薪水或可疑的廉价服务），因为它们看起来“好得令人难以置信”)”提到超出预期的绝好提议往往会被拒绝，这与人们通常趋利的倾向相反。由此可知，该研究解释的是为什么经济吸引力可能适得其反，画线词意思应该是“Result in an opposite effect (导致相反的效果)”。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。第三段“If someone seems to go against accepted norms such as self-interest without explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be “phantom costs”: imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s “psychological value”. (如果某人似乎毫无缘由地违背了自我利益等公认的准则，我们就会认为他们有隐藏的动机，并推断出会有“幽灵成本”：一些想象出来的后果，可能会减少Vonasch称一项提议的“心理价值”)”用“幽灵成本”的概念解释了为什么人们往往会拒绝看似过度慷慨的东西，再结合第四段中“The old saying ‘there’s no such thing as a free lunch’ is clearly alive and well. (“天下没有免费的午餐”这句老话显然很有道理)”可知，作者肯定了这句谚语的意义，进一步强调看似免费的东西实际上可能存在隐藏的风险，证明了“幽灵成本”的存在。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段““Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point,” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was sufficient explanation.” (“不舒服的座位通常不是卖点，”Vonasch说。“但告诉人们座位不舒服会让他们更愿意坐，因为这是一个充分的解释。”)”可知，给出一个看似合理的解释有助于让人们更容易接受“廉价航班”。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might well eat it. But what if they offered to also give you $2? You might politely decline and walk away thinking, “Something smells fishy.” (如果一个陌生人给你一块免费的饼干，你很可能会吃掉它。但如果他们还愿意给你2美元呢？你可能会礼貌地拒绝，然后走开，心想：“有东西闻起来很可疑。”)”可知，文章围绕人们倾向于拒绝看似“好得令人难以置信”的免费或高价值提议这一现象展开，介绍了一项结合心理学和经济学的研究，该研究解释了这种心理现象，表明原因在于人们认为这些提议可能隐藏着未知的成本或风险。因此，C项“为什么有些交易看起来好得令人难以置信”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 （24-25高三上·广东东莞·阶段练习）The corn eaten around the world today originated in Mexico nearly 10,000 years ago. From the ancieat rituals of the Mayans to modern-day dishes like tortillas, corn is central to culture, cuisine, and identity in this region. To protect this heritage, Mexico is fighting to phase out genetically modified (GM) US-grown corn this year. The Mexican government claims that banning GM corn will protect the country’s native corn varieties. Yet the announcement aroused strong objections from the US, whose largest annual customer for GM corn is often Mexico. The US claims that the GM ban breaks the trade agreement between the two countries. Mexico insists that modified seeds threaten Mexico’s agricultural traditions and cultural identity. In the US, most corn is grown with seed produced by large companies, which create just a handful of genetically identical corn varieties grown at mass scale. In Mexico, however, seeds come from seed-sharing practices among small-scale farms, which facilitates more diversity and allows farmers to grow corn that ranges widely in color and size. “Traditional varieties maintain a substantial amount of genetic diversity,” says Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, an ecologist at the University of California, but he doesn’t think banning GM corn will help preserve these varieties, and points to a decrease in small-scale farms as the greater threat to native corn. “If traditional farmers abandon subsistence farming (自给农业), we’ re potentially losing diversity whether that crop is GM or traditionally bred, so economic policy has a much bigger impact on the risk of corn diversity than an adoption of GM corn.” Since Mexico began importing US corn, small-scale farms have been declining. Mauricio Bellon, a research professor at the Swett Center for Sustainable Foods Systems, believes that while threatened species are often stored in gene banks, the relationship between a farm er and their crop plays a crucial conservation role. “Evolution at scale continues with corn in Mexico through millions of farmers,” says him. 1．Why is Mexico prohibiting GM corn? A．To break the trade agreement. B．To cost the cost of importing corn. C．To safeguard its own types of corn. D．To get rid of the dependence on the US. 2．What is different in corn production practices between the US and Mexico from Para.3? A．The scale of farm. B．The source of corn seeds. C．The ownership of farmland. D．The concept between farmers. 3．What does Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra believe is a greater threat to native corn varieties? A．The adoption of GM corn. B．The decline in small-scale farms. C．The lack of economic policy support. D．The disappearance of traditional farming practices. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Biodiversity contributes to species evolution. B．GM corn has negative effects on traditional farms. C．Gene banks effectively conserve endangered species. D．Traditional farming practices help in maintaining corn varieties. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了墨西哥政府禁止转基因玉米来保护本国的本土玉米品种的政策以及研究人员的不同看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Mexican government claims that banning GM corn will protect the country’s native corn varieties. (墨西哥政府声称，禁止转基因玉米将保护该国的本土玉米品种)”可知，墨西哥禁止转基因玉米是为了保护自己的玉米品种。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In the US, most corn is grown with seed produced by large companies, which create just a handful of genetically identical corn varieties grown at mass scale. In Mexico, however, seeds come from seed-sharing practices among small-scale farms, which facilitates more diversity and allows farmers to grow corn that ranges widely in color and size.(在美国，大多数玉米都是用大公司生产的种子种植的，这些大公司只生产少量大规模种植的基因相同的玉米品种。然而，在墨西哥，种子来自小规模农场之间的种子共享做法，这促进了更多的多样性，并允许农民种植颜色和大小各异的玉米)”可知，在美国和墨西哥的玉米生产实践中，玉米种子的来源不同。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““Traditional varieties maintain a substantial amount of genetic diversity,” says Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, an ecologist at the University of California, but he doesn’t think banning GM corn will help preserve these varieties, and points to a decrease in small-scale farms as the greater threat to native corn. (“传统品种保持了大量的遗传多样性，”加州大学的生态学家Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra说，但他不认为禁止转基因玉米将有助于保护这些品种，并指出小规模农场的减少是对本土物种的更大威胁)”可知，杰弗里·罗斯-伊巴拉认为对本土玉米品种威胁更大的是小规模农场的减少。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mauricio Bellon,a research professor at the Swett Center for Sustainable Foods Systems, believes that while threatened species are often stored in gene banks, the relationship between a farm er and their crop plays a crucial conservation role. “Evolution at scale continues with corn in Mexico through millions of farmers,” says him.(斯威特可持续食品系统中心的研究教授毛里西奥·贝隆认为，虽然濒危物种通常被储存在基因库中，但农民与作物之间的关系在保护中起着至关重要的作用。他说：“墨西哥数以百万计的农民种植玉米，大规模的进化仍在继续。”)”可知，传统的耕作方式有助于保存玉米品种。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$