2025年广东省中考英语二轮语法语境复习课件：专题十 简单句 并列句

专题十 简单句 并列句 1 知识必备 按照句子的结构,可以将句子分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句由 单一的独立分句构成,只包含一个主谓结构,句子的各个成分都用单词或短语 表示。按照句子的使用目的及交际用途,一般可以分为陈述句、感叹句、祈 使句和疑问句。 2 3 4 简单句有五种基本类型（该考点虽然不直接考查,但是在书面表达中会 经常用到），新课程标准要求掌握陈述句（肯定和否定）、疑问句 （一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句）、祈使句和感叹句。感叹句6年 5考,祈使句6年1考,There be 结构6年2考,特殊疑问句6年1考。 5 1.（2024·临夏州）—________ do you visit your grandparents? —Once a week. We should care about the old.( ) B A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How many 6 2.（2024·临夏州）Which of the following is true according to the picture?( ) B A. They are reading books. B. They are doing some cleaning. C. They are playing games. D. They are doing their homework. 3.（2023·广东）________ excited David was!( ) A A. How B. What C. What an 7 4.（2024·中山一模）Listen! Someone is playing the piano. —Wow! ________ beautiful music it is! I love it very much.( ) D A. How B. What a C. What an D. What 5.（2023·广东）Some people throw away rubbish everywhere, so ________ a lot of________ around us.( ) C A. there are; pollution B. there are; pollutions C. there is; pollution D. there is; pollutions 8 语法梳理 考点聚焦1 简单句基本句型 1.1 基本句型一:S+V（主+谓） 特点:句子的谓语动词通常为不及物动词,能表达完整的意思。不及物动词不 能直接加宾语,但后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 如:Time flies.时光飞逝。Class begins.开始上课。 The man doesn't smoke.这个人不抽烟。 We all laughed.我们都笑了。 9 1.2 基本句型二:S+V+O（主+谓+宾） 特点:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必 须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整,这类动词叫作及物动词。 如:Who knows the answer?谁知道答案？ They ate some apples.他们吃了一些苹果。 He made cakes.他做了蛋糕。 10 1.3 基本句型三:S+Link V+P（主+系+表） 特点:该句型说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。句子谓语动词都不能表 达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语 （系表结构）,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫作系动词（Link verb）。 常见的系动词有be动词;感官系动词（look, feel, smell, taste, sound）,表示 变化类的系动词（get, grow, turn, become, go）,表示状态延续类的系动词 （keep, stay, remain）。 如:His parents are teachers.他的父母是老师。 The apple tastes sweet.这个苹果尝起来很甜。 We should stay calm.我们应该保持冷静。 11 1.4 基本句型四:S+V+IO+DO（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语） 特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是 动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。可改为: S+V+DO+to/for+IO。通常指人是间接宾语;指物是直接宾语。 12 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词 bring sb. sth.=bring sth. to sb.把某物带给某人 hand sb. sth.=hand sth. to sb.把某物递给某人 lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人 mail sb. sth.=mail sth. to sb.把某物寄给某人 offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.将某物提供给某人 pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb.把某物递给某人 13 pay sb. sth.=pay sth. to sb.付给某人某物（钱） read sb. sth.=read sth. to sb.把某物读给某人听 return sb.sth.=return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人 send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人 sell sb. sth.=sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人 serve sb. sth.=serve sth. to sb.拿某物招待某人 14 show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.给某人看某物 take sb. sth.=take sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人 teach sb. sth.=teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物 tell sb. sth.=tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况 throw sb. sth.=throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人 write sb. sth.=write sth. to sb.给某人写某物（信） 如：Please show me way.=Please show the way to me.请为我带路。 15 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词 book sb. sth.=book sth. for sb.为某人预订某物 buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb.为某人买某物 choose sb. sth.=choose sth. for sb.为某人选择某物 cook sb. sth.=cook sth. for sb.为某人煮某物 draw sb. sth.=draw sth. for sb.为某人画某物 fetch sb. sth.=fetch sth. for sb.为某人去取某物 16 find sb. sth.=find sth. for sb.为某人找到某物 fix sb. sth.=fix sth. for sb.为某人修理某物 get sb. sth.=get sth. for sb.为某人拿来某物 make sb. sth.=make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物 order sb. sth.=order sth. for sb.为某人订购某物 pick sb. sth.=pick sth. for sb.为某人采摘某物 17 prepare sb. sth.=prepare sth. for sb.为某人准备某物 save sb. sth.=save sth. for sb.为某人留某物 sing sb. sth.=sing sth. for sb.为某人唱某物（歌） steal sb. sth.=steal sth. for sb.为某人偷某物 如:He bought me a book.=He bought a book for me.他为我买了一本书。 18 1.5 基本句型五:S+V+O+OC（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语） 特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须 加上一个补充成分来补足宾语的身份、特点等,才能使意思完整。 常跟“宾语+宾语补足语”的动词有:make, think, believe, consider, find, keep。 如:My father thought it important.我爸爸认为它很重要。 19 常跟to do作宾语补足语的动词有: leave sb. to do sth.留下某人做某事 need sb. to do sth.需要某人做某事 prefer sb. to do sth.宁愿某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事 trouble sb. to do sth.麻烦某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth.警告某人做某事 20 mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事 require sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事 want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事 如:My mother warns me not to watch TV again.我妈妈警告我不要再看 电视。 21 1.（2024·天津）许多明信片正在商店里出售。 Many postcards are____ _____ at the shop. on sale 2.（2024·天津）我们可以一起参加讨论。 We can_____ ___ the discussion together. join in 3.（2024·天津）他的新书将在明年出版。 His new book will ______ _____ next year. come out 4.（2024·贵州）长江是亚洲最长的河流。 The Yangtze River is ____ ________ river in Asia. the longest 22 考点聚焦2 感叹句 感叹句用来表示说话人的赞美、惊讶、喜悦或气愤等强烈的感情,句末 用感叹号。感叹句一般以what和how开头,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词或 副词。 23 类别 结构 举例 what引 导 What+a（n）+adj.+可数名词单 数（+主语+谓语）! What an unusual day（it is）! 多么不平常的一天啊! What+adj.+可数名词复数 （+主语+谓语）! What beautiful flowers （they are）!多么美的花啊! What+adj.+不可数名词 （+主语+谓语）! What fine weather （it is）!多 好的天气呀! 24 类别 结构 举例 how引 导 How+adj./adv.（+主语+谓语）! How fast he runs!他跑得真快 啊! How interesting the dog is!多 么有趣的狗啊! How+adj.+a（n）+可数名词单 数（+主语+谓语）! How beautiful a girl （she is）!多么漂亮的女孩儿啊! 续表 25 判断感叹句用what还是how来引导,要看被修饰的成分是名词还是形容 词或副词。若被修饰的是可数名词单数,且其前面的形容词以辅音音素开头, 用what a; 若以元音音素开头,则用what an。若被修饰的词是形容词或副 词,则用how。如: How smart the driverless car is! I really want to have one.无人驾 驶汽车多智能啊！我确实想要一辆。 —He played the part of a great father in the movie.他在这部电影 中扮演了一位伟大的父亲。 —What an excellent actor he is!他是多么好的一位演员啊！ 26 1.（2024·绥化）—It was sunny several minutes ago, but it's raining heavily now! —________ difference a day makes!( ) B A. What B. What a C. How 2.（2024·乐山）________ amazing it is! The Shenzhou ⅩⅧ members raise fish for the first time in Tiangong space station.( ) B A. What B. How C. What an 27 3.（2024·遂宁）—Hi, guys! Our team won the first place in the table tennis match. —________ exciting news it is! We are so happy about it.( ) A A. What B. How C. What an D. How an 4.（2024·云南）________ meaningful day! We volunteered to clean up our city park.( ) C A. How B. What C. What a D. What an 5.（2024·平凉）那几艘龙舟好美呀！ ______ _________ the dragon boats are! How beautiful 28 考点聚焦3 祈使句 祈使句用于表达命令、请求、劝告、禁止、建议等;祈使句以动词原形 开头,一般没有时态变化,不与情态动词连用,其主语you常常省略,句末常用感 叹号;朗读祈使句时用降调。 29 句式 肯定形式 否定形式 Do 型:动词原形+其 他 Open the door! Don't forget me! Be 型:be+表语 Be careful! Don't be late for school! Let型:let+宾语+动词 原形+其他 Let me help you! Don't let the boy make noise here!/Let the boy not make noise here! No型:no+名词/动名 词 / No smoking! 30 注意: 1.有时为了表示委婉,可在祈使句的句首或句尾加上please。please放在句尾 时,前面通常用逗号隔开。如: Please turn down the music! 请把音乐调低点！ Read aloud, please! 请大声读！ 2.回答祈使句时用一般将来时。如: —Please remember to bring my notebook to school. 请记得把我的笔记 本带到学校。 —OK, I will./No, I won't. 好的,我会的。/不,我不会。 31 3.在肯定形式的祈使句前加do, 可以加强语气。如: Do come to school on time next time.下次务必要按时到校。 4.在意思较为明显的情况下,可把谓语动词省略。如: This way, please. = Go this way, please.请这边走。 5.用于“祈使句+and/or+结果状语”结构。如: Study hard, and you'll succeed sooner or later. 努力学习吧,你迟早会成 功的。 Hurry up, or you'll be late for class. 快点儿,否则你上课会迟到的。 32 1.Tommy, ________ play basketball in the street next time. You may get hit by a car.( ) B A. do B. don't C. must D. mustn't 2.________ your best and you can surely make your dream come true.( ) A A. Try B. To try C. Trying D. Be trying 33 3.（2024·广西）—Dad, let's ________ early to do exercise tomorrow morning. —OK, no problem.( ) A. look up B. get up C. give up 4.（2024·苏州）Stop _________（推） and just wait for your turn. B pushing 考点聚焦4 疑问句 特殊疑问句是由特殊疑问词引导的以询问信息为目的的疑问句。常见 的特殊疑问词（组）有:what, which, who, whom, whose, why, where, when, how, how many, how much, how often, how long, how far等。 广东考过how构成的特殊疑问词组, 如下表所示: 35 特殊疑问词 组 意义及用法 例句 how far 对距离进行提问,表 示多远 How far is it from here to the zoo? 从这儿到动物园有多远？ how often 对频率进行提问,表 示多久一次 How often do you go to the supermarket? 你多久去一次超市？ 36 特殊疑问词 组 意义及用法 例句 how long 1.多长时间,对时间段 进行提问,回答用 “for+一段时 间”/“since+时间点” 2.对长度进行提问,表 示“多长” How long will you stay here?你会在 这儿待多久？ How long is the Yangtze River?长江 有多长？ 续表 37 特殊疑问词 组 意义及用法 例句 how soon 对时间进行提问,表 示“多久之后”，回答 用“in+一段时间” —How soon will you be back?你多 久之后回来？ —In two weeks.两周之后。 续表 特殊疑问词 组 意义及用法 例句 how many 对可数名词的数量进 行提问 How many pictures are there on the wall? 墙上有多少幅画？ how much 1.对不可数名词的量 进行提问，表示“多 少” 2.对价格进行提问,表 示“多少钱” How much money is there in the purse? 钱包里有多少钱？ How much is the computer?这台电 脑多少钱？ 续表 39 1.（2024·绥化）—________ do many farmers put their products online these days? —To sell them more easily.( ) A A. Why B. How C. When 2.（2024·达州）—________ do you have a sports meeting in your school? —Once a year.( ) B A. How long B. How often C. How soon 40 3.（2024·平凉）—________ have you been learning English? —For 7 years.( ) B A. How old B. How long C. How often 4.（2024·成都）—________ do you visit your grandparents? —Usually twice a month.( ) B A. How long B. How often C. How far 41 5.（2024·平凉）—________ was the zipper invented? —In 1893.( ) A A. When B. How C. Why D. Where 6.（2024·乐山）—________ do you have a swimming class? —Once a week.( ) C A. How much B. How soon C. How often 42 考点聚焦5 并列句 并列句是由并列连词将两个及两个以上具有平等关系的简单句连接起 来的句子。并列连词表示词、短语、句子之间的并列关系,分为并列、转折、 因果、选择四类。 43 连词表示并列 用法 例句 and（和;并且） 表并列用于 肯定句中 She likes singing and dancing.她喜欢 唱歌和跳舞。 or（或者） 表示并列时 用于否定句 中 I don't like milk or juice.我不喜欢牛 奶和果汁。 44 连词表示并列 用法 例句 both...and （两者都） 用于肯定句 中,连接两个 主语时,谓语 动词用复数 形式 Both Tom and Jerry are good at running. Tom和Jerry都擅长跑步。 续表 45 连词表示并列 用法 例句 not only...but also... （不仅……而 且……） 连接两个主 语时,谓语动 词遵循“就近 原则” Not only you but also she wants to buy the computer. 不仅你而且她也想买电脑。 neither...nor... （既不……也 不……） Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我 都没错。 续表 46 连词表示并列 用法 例句 as well as （也,而且） 连接主语时, 遵循“就远原 则” Mary as well as I goes to school by bike. 除了我，Mary也骑自行车上学。 续表 47 连词表 示因果 用法 例句 so （因 此） 与because不 能连用 She was ill, so she didn't go to work. 她生病了，因此她没去上班。 for （因 为） 通常是对前 面的情况加 以解释 Remember to take an umbrella, for it's raining outside. 外面正在下雨，记得带伞。 48 连词表示转 折 用法 例句 but（但是） 不与though/although连 用;not...but...表示“不 是……而是……” It's not money but love that makes a happy life. 成就幸福人生的不是钱而是爱。 yet （然而;可 是） 可以与though/although 连用;表达含有惊讶含 义的转折 He has a lot of money, yet he is not happy. 他很有钱，但他不幸福。 while（而） 表示对比 While I was reading, my sister was playing the piano. 我在看书时，我妹妹在弹钢琴。 49 连词表示选择 用法 例句 or（或者） 连接结构相同 的部分 Would you like tea or coffee?你想要茶 还是咖啡？ either...or... （或者……或 者……） 连接两个主语 时,谓语动词遵 循“就近原则” Either you or Tom is going to buy some fruit. 你或Tom去买些水果。 续表 50 1.China is getting more and more independent of western technology, ________ it is leading in many fields, such as the self-driving car industry.( ) D A. / B. or C. but D. and 2.I have only two tickets for the concert. ________ you ________ he can go with me.( ) A A. Either; or B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Not only; but also 51 3.（2024·成都）Go bird-watching in Qinglong Lake, ________ you will find it fun and meaningful.( ) A A. and B. or C. but 4.（2024·天津）哈里打开电脑查看电子邮件。 Harry________ ____ his computer and checked his email. turned on 52 考点综合过关 1.（2024·广西）—Henry, ________ is your job? —I'm a policeman.( ) C A. how B. where C. what 2.（2024·广西）—What do you think of the chicken soup, Helen? —It ________ really good. I'd like to drink more.( ) A A. tastes B. feels C. sounds 3.Listen! The birds ________ in the tree now.( ) C A. sing B. sang C. are singing 53 4.（2024·达州）Qiqi hopes ________ medicine in Sichuan University.( ) C A. studies B. studying C. to study 5.（2024·乐山）—Hi, you look ________. Why are you so happy today? —Can you believe it? I have just met Miss Zhou, my first teacher!( ) A A. excited B. exciting C. excite 6.（2024·雅安）—Mike, ________ do you play computer games? —Hardly ever. I think it is bad for my study.( ) A A. how often B. how many C. how long D. how far 54 7.（2023·西藏）________ swimming in the river! It's dangerous!( ) C A. Go B. Goes C. Don't go D. To go 8.（2024·宿迁）—There ________ a lot of new magazines in our school reading room. —Oh, really? Shall we go there this afternoon?( ) C A. is B. was C. are D. were 9.（2024·贵州）相声中有说学逗唱四种主要艺术手段。 _______ ____ four key skills of xiangsheng—shuo, xue, dou and chang. There are 55 10.（2024·平凉）神舟十七号航天员乘组于2024年5月1日平安抵京。 The Shenzhou-17 astronaut crew ____ ____ Beijing safely on May 1st, 2024. [答案] arrived in/got to 11.John likes to _____（喂） cows on his uncle's farm on weekends. feed 56 语法选择 （1） Do you like using a phone or computer? . .1. . time do you spend in front of a screen every day? If your answer is about one hour, then maybe you are one of the happiest teenagers in the world. Scientists do a survey. They ask students aged 13 to 18 . .2. . it takes them to have fun on phones and computers. They also ask about their feelings of happiness. They find that those who spend more time on their phones . .3. . unhappier. “Spend no more than two hours a day on 57 digital media, . .4. . try to spend more time with friends and on exercise. These two activities . .5. . greater happiness,” Jean Twenge, the scientist who leads the study, says. 1.( ) A. How many B. How soon C. How much 2.( ) A. how long B. how often C. how far 3.( ) A. feel B. feels C. feeling 4.( ) A. yet B. or C. so 5.( ) A. bring B. brings C. bringing C A A B A （2） Colin walked out of the shopping center with his head down. There . .1. . many wonderful Mother's Day gifts there, but he couldn't afford anything. Colin's sister Whitney said, “You can make her something. She liked the poem I wrote . .2. . her last year so much.” The poem hung right above the fireplace. Colin thought it was a good idea, . .3. . he wasn't good at it. “It doesn't have to be a poem,” Whitney said. “It could be anything that . .4. . her think of you whenever she sees it. That's why homemade gifts are special.” “I don't 59 know anything Mom would actually want,” Colin said. “You're always drawing those funny little comics（漫画）. . .5. . don't you draw a comic of Mom? She would love it.” Colin thought about the idea on . .6. . way home. He spent the next two days . .7. . in his room. Finally he finished it. On the morning of Mother's Day, Colin gave it to Mom. He held his breath as his mom looked at it.“This is . .8. . gift you've ever given me, Colin,” his mother said excitedly. “. .9. . us put it next to Whitney's poem above the fireplace!” his dad said with a smile. Colin looked up at the comic. . .10. . perfect gift it was! 1.( ) A. is B. are C. were 2.( ) A. for B. by C. in 3.( ) A. or B. but C. so 4.( ) A. make B. makes C. to make 5.( ) A. Where B. When C. Why 6.( ) A. a B. an C. the 7.( ) A. draw B. drawing C. to draw 8.( ) A. good B. better C. the best 9.( ) A. Let B. Letting C. Lets 10.( ) A. How B. What a C. What an C A B B C C B C A B $$