精品解析：北京市丰台区2024-2025学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题

丰台区2024~2025学年度第一学期期末练习 高一英语 考生须知 1．答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 2．本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3．请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4．本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。 一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My Masterpiece I had always wanted to try one of those guided painting classes where an instructor (老师) tells you how to draw step by step. So I, with my friend Ella, signed up a ___1___ class. Our first task was to paint a white vase (花瓶) of yellow sunflowers against a blue background. As the class began, we were asked to paint our canvas (画布) blue. It was ___2___ to follow the instructor and I could tell I was a natural. I even started thinking about where I would ___3___ my new masterpiece. Almost immediately after that, however, I began to ___4___ serious difficulties. The first line of my vase looked perfect, but when I continued to paint, my hand slipped, causing an imperfect line. I tried to cover it, but it was no use. Things went downhill ___5___ after that. The sunflower leaves looked like fat, green caterpillars (毛虫). My numerous attempts to ___6___ them just made them worse. Feeling ___7___, I glanced (扫视) at others’ paintings. When I said Ella’s was better, she looked surprised. “No, they’re not. I messed up in at least five places.” After a few seconds, she asked, “If you like mine, why don’t we ___8___ paintings?” Up until that moment, yet for some reasons, giving it away felt wrong. No, it wasn’t a perfect painting, but it was mine — the first one I had ever ___9___. That was two years ago, and since then I’ve taken a few more classes and gotten better at following the instructor’s directions. And my sunflower painting still hangs in the most prominent (显眼的) place in my room — as _____10_____ as it is, that painting makes me feel happy now. 1. A. painting B. science C. language D. music 2. A. funny B. noisy C. easy D. lucky 3. A. hide B. hang C. draw D. replace 4. A. think of B. put up C. deal with D. run into 5. A. carefully B. rapidly C. formally D. widely 6. A. accept B. organize C. fix D. discuss 7. A. respectful B. disappointed C. frightened D. attractive 8. A. display B. collect C. exchange D. decorate 9. A. created B. received C. bought D. prepared 10. A. true B. classic C. unfinished D. imperfect 二、阅读理解（共16小题；每小题2.5分，共40分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A In 1957, humans sent the first artificial satellite into space. Today, nearly 70 years later, experts predict some 100 trillion pieces of human-made objects are encircling our planet. Those objects are travelling at speeds of about 17,000 miles an hour. A collision (碰撞) between space junk and things like the International Space Station or working satellites can be dangerous. “It’s only getting more crowded,” says Moriba Jah, Nat Geo Explorer and space environmentalist. “There’s no garbage removal in space, so it keeps becoming more difficult to travel in.” Luckily, scientists are working on ideas that might one day help clean up space junk. Here are four that experts have considered, plus some of the most unusual space junk that’s ever orbited our planet. Self-destructing Satellite A satellite called Clear Space-1 would find and grab space junk with jellyfish like tentacles (触手). Once full the satellite would fall back toward Earth, where it would burn up in Earth’s atmosphere. Trash-zapping Lasers Laser Orbital Debris (轨道碎片) Removal uses lasers technology to clean up debris It fires lasers at the debris to push it off its path. Then the junk would either burn up in Earth’s atmosphere or fall into the ocean. Space Balloon The Orbit Lowering Device would attach a gas-filled balloon as wide as a football field to large pieces of space trash This would slow down the objects so they would reenter Earth’s atmosphere and burn up. Wall of Water Another idea involves releasing water from rockets. The water would hit space junk and cause the debris to slow down or fall out of its path into Earth’s atmosphere. Some of these ideas have been questioned. So Jah wants to look at solutions like designing reusable, recyclable satellites. “We need to come up with other ways to keep space clean that don’t further pollute our own planet,” he says. 11. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The problems space junk brings. B. The history of artificial satellites. C. The ways of protecting our planet. D. The advice scientists have given. 12. How does Clear Space-1 work? A. By applying laser technology. B. By pushing the debris off its path. C. By releasing water from rockets. D. By using tentacles like jellyfish. 13. Which of the following is designed to deal with large space trash? A. Wall of Water. B. Space Balloon. C. Trash-zapping lasers. D. Self-destructing Satellite. 14. What might be a shared concern over the four ideas? A. They could cost too much money. B. They could make more space trash. C. They might pollute our planet. D. They might hurt working satellites. B Danny was just putting his cleats (训练鞋) into his locker when his teammate, Max, informed him that Mr. Irving, the principal wanted to see him in the office. He headed for the office, wondering why. He was a fairly good student, so it wasn’t his grades. Though, to be honest, he’d been making things a little worse, especially that last math test — ouch. But this was the first time the baseball team had run for the state championship in 11 years and as the star pitcher (明星投手), Danny had helped take them there. Surely there is nothing that can’t be forgiving. Taking a big breath, he stepped inside to find Mr. Irving, Coach Geller, and surprisingly, his mother waiting for him, who seemed to have cried. Uh, oh. He must really be in trouble. Mr. Irving broke the news that Danny wouldn’t be able to play in the last game of the championship. Coach Geller had accidentally left Danny’s name off the roster (候选名单), and additions weren’t allowed after it was handed in. “We’re very sorry, Danny,” said Mr. Irving, “I have been trying to fix it, but sofar, no luck.” Danny didn’t know what to say. …… As the game began, Danny cheered for his team, feeling a mix of emotions as its score rose and fell. In the bottom of the ninth, Simo hit a winning run, ensuring the victory for their team. Danny exploded out of his seat and rushed to the field to celebrate with his teammates, giving each other high-fives. That night, as he told the story, his mother listened quietly and said, “You should have played. That was your victory, and it was taken from you.” “No way,” he said with the biggest smile of his life. “That win today? That was my win, and Max’s, and Simo’s too. Don’t you get it, Mom? That’s what it means to be part of a team. I helped get us to the championship. And in my own way, I helped win it, too.” His mother looked at him almost like she’d never seen him before. Then she smiled and hugged him tightly. “You’re right, Danny! Three cheers for your big win!” 15. How did Danny feel before stepping into the office? A. Disappointed. B. Excited. C. Anxious. D. Hopeful. 16. What news did Danny learn from Mr. Irving? A. He became a bench player. B. His math grades dropped a lot. C. He wasn’t chosen as a star pitcher. D. His name wasn’t on the team list. 17. What is the right order of the following events? ①Danny had a big win. ②The roster was handed in. ③Danny celebrated the victory with his teammates. ④Mr. Irving tried to fix the mistake but failed. A. ②④③① B. ①②③④ C. ②①④③ D. ①③④② 18. What can we learn from Danny’s story? A. Two heads are better than one. B. No way is impossible to courage. C. The victory of a team is true victory. D. He that falls today may be up again tomorrow C Firstly, I know this is a first world problem and I need to “dry my eyes”. I have a very small dishwasher in a very small kitchen. The other week when a friend showed me her new house with a big kitchen and a large dishwasher, I felt my throat got tight. I didn’t quite know what to say. And why did I even compare my life with other people’s life? Maybe you’ll agree you have a similar experience. Why is this? I think a huge factor is how addicted we’ve all become to social media. We stare at people’s beautiful vacation photos at some great party wondering, “Why isn’t my life like that?” We forget that what we see are the carefully edited highlights of a person’s life aiming to give an impression of what they want to see — not necessarily how their life actually is. Social media seem to give us anxiety that we aren’t doing as well as others or living up to expectations that we put on ourselves. On a good day, we can use this life envy to inspire ourselves — if they can do it, so can we! But on a bad day, we just feel angry, sad, disappointed, and worst of all, bitter. No one wants to admit to feeling envious. It is such a prohibited subject — desiring what others have. So how do we overcome our little green-eyed monster? Stepping away from social media is a start. The less we pay attention to what other people are doing, the fewer opportunities we have to compare ourselves to them. Next step is to give ourselves some tolerance (宽容) and know that it’s a completely natural feeling. It doesn’t make us bad persons; it’s just a part of being human. And most importantly, we need to start focusing on ourselves instead of others. The root of the problem is more a problem with how we’re feeling about ourselves than those we envy. My mom used to always tell me to “row your own boat”: and I think about that little phrase all the time. It may not be the biggest for it — and who knows where the journey will take us? Sure it beats feeling envious. 19. Describing his/ her personal experience, the author aims to ______. A. introduce a topic B. give a suggestion C. present a definition D. highlight an opinion 20. What does the author think of social media? A. It weakens face-to-face communication. B. It helps to overcome negative feelings. C. It brings information-sharing culture. D. It fails to truly reflect people’s life. 21. Which of the following might the author agree with? A. Noticing Tom’s new car, you post your car photos to impress others. B. Seeing Mark’s success in business, you think you are not as good as him. C. Knowing Amy’s moved to a big house, you think it wrong to feel unhappy. D. Hearing Betty has got a nice new job you shift your focus on what you have. 22. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To inform us of the ways to cure anxiety. B. To tell us how to deal with feeling envious. C. To warn us of the bad effects of social media. D. To explain why people always compare with others: D When considering the members of my social network, I often find myself enveloped in pure feelings of love and warmth, affection and support. A handful, however, arouse quite different emotions — a mixture of eagerness and fear. In the right mood, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrong moment, they can exhaust all my goodwill. If this sounds familiar, then you too have frenemies. Psychologists call them “ambivalent relationships”. According to a wealth of research these relationships are often more stressful. They can damage your mental and physical health. Knowing this, the simple solution would seem to be to cut ties with these people. But our relationships with frenemies aren’t simple and ditching (摆脱) them isn’t always possible or even desirable. To capture interpersonal dynamics, Julianne Holt-Lunstad and her Utah-based Brigham Young University colleagues designed a scale identifying four relationship categories. Try it: pick people in your network and answer two questions on a 1-6 scale. When you are feeling in need of advice, understanding or a favour, how helpful is your connection? Likewise, how upsetting is your connection? People scoring 1 on both are indifferent relationships. Those who score high on helpfulness and low on upset are supportive ties; low on helpfulness and high on upset are aversive relationships; both high indicate ambivalent connections — frenemies. They may be incredibly generous when you have a problem yet can also lash out (怒斥) with a bitter put-down when they feel envious or threatened. We might hope the good outweighs the bad in such relationships, but research complicates this. Holt-Lunstad’s team found that simply knowing that an ambivalent connection was in the next room as participants prepared to give a speech was enough to send their blood pressure rocketing. It also slowed their recovery after the task. In fact, even unintentional reminders of a frenemy can shatter our peace of mind. Furthermore, ambivalent connections contribute to telomere decline. Telomeres, protective caps at chromosome (染色体) ends, prevent DNA damage during cell division. As we age, telomeres wear down, and, when they become too short, cells may start to malfunction or die. Shorter telomeres increase the risk of age-related diseases. The problems of ambivalent connections are hard to solve, especially in work or family. Simply being aware of the ambivalent nature of a relationship might offer some protection, so that we could manage expectations, focus more on the good in these people and feel compassion for their unpleasant streaks, while also attempting to reduce contact when they cause stresses. Just as importantly this has prompted me to consider my own behavior — are there relationships in which I am the frenemy? 23. What does the underlined word “ambivalent” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Giving help or encouragement. B. Continuing or developing gradually. C. Having a mixture of opposing feelings. D. Happening sometimes and not at other times. 24. The author uses Julianne Holt-Lunstad’s scale to ______. A. measure the level of generosity in friendships B. predict the outcome of conflicts with frenemies C. show it’s difficult to break up with frenemies. D. compare the benefits of different connections 25. What can we learn about frenemies from the passage? A. Ambivalent connections can shorten telomere to prevent DNA damage. B. Frenemies don’t need to say a word to cause anxiety. C. Interacting with frenemies hardly results in helpful connections. D. High expectations on frenemies improve the relationship. 26. What’s the best title for the passage? A. Understanding and Managing Frenemies B. The Complexities of Human Relationships C. The Impact of Frenemies on Our Well-being D. The Double-Edged Sword of Social Connections 三、阅读回答问题（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A child excitedly opens a present, but after seeing the toy, she shifts her focus to the wrapping paper, box, or ribbon (丝带). She might place the box on her head or tie the ribbon to a table leg. This is open-ended play, where children use everyday objects in creative, unstructured ways. It’s child-directed, with no set outcome. Research shows open-ended play is benefıcial in sometimes surprising ways. Open-ended play starts with the objects children play with. Unlike electronic toys or movie-based toys open-ended toys — often called “loose parts” — give children the room to do something new. Loose parts can include egg holders, seashells, or cardboard boxes and other common objects. They are the basis for imaginative play that helps children become more creative. When a child picks up a stick and imagines it as a horse or telescope, she is exercising the ability to create and to think for herself. Each step in the process of free play is valuable. The process begins with choosing an object, then transforming (转变) it in her imagination into something new with its own purpose. Manufactured (制造的) toys do not give the mind the same freedom to imagine as do common objects that do not come with expectations or history. Obviously, adult-directed activities are more controlled and more predictable, and often shield children from making mistakes. Open-ended play allows children to follow their interests and to make mistakes. With parents playing a more passive role, children are responsible for these mistakes. This allows for more chances to solve problems and creates opportunities for children to be successful, building confidence in their ability to reason. The reality of modern life is that much of children’s lives will ba structured. But it does not all have to be. When parents, teachers, and caregivers take a step back, they open the door wider for children to create and learn. 27. What is open-ended play? _____________________________________________________________ 28. Why are open-ended toys called “loose parts”? _____________________________________________________________ 29. What is the benefit of children imagining a stick as a horse? _____________________________________________________________ 30. What does the underlined word “shield” in Paragraph 4 mean? _____________________________________________________________ 31. What is the main idea of this passage? _____________________________________________________________ 四、任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在表格的横线上填词，每空填写一个单词。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A Hero’s Second Chance On Dec. 26, Gelinne, 60, was looking out the back windows of his home at the frozen lake. Then an airplane came into his sight. Gelinne looked up just in time to see that small airplane a few hundred yards away, losing control. As the plane disappeared behind the trees, Gelinne, a retired Navy (海军) officer, realized it was going to land in the lake. He flashed on a moment from more than 20 years earlier: Gelinne was at work in a bank. When a fire alarm rang, he escaped from the chaos (混乱) but has always wondered if he could have stayed inside and helped. On this day, Gelinne didn’t hesitate. He ran down to the waterfront. The plane had skidded (侧滑) to a stop on the broad, frozen lake, far from shore. It was now sinking. The pilot was standing on the wing. Gelinne knew from his Navy training that even a few minutes in the icy water could kill the pilot. Gelinne tested the ice with his foot and decided not to take any chances walking on it. So he pulled a boat out from under his back deck. Then he set off, pushing his boat across the ice. It was tough work. When Gelinne reached the plane, it had broken through the ice and sunk; only its tail could be seen. The pilot was standing on a tail wing under the water and the water reaches as high as his chest. Gelinne pushed his boat off the ice and into the water, paddling (划) toward the pilot. Gelinne focused on keeping the pilot calm, joking, “Just hang on to the boat as if you were hugging your wife.” The pilot grabbed (抓) the boat’s bow, but Gelinne knew he had to get the pilot out of the water and up onto the shelf of unbroken ice behind him before the man lost too much body heat. By now a police officer had arrived and radioed for help. A lifeboat appeared, picking up the pilot and rushing him to safety. Later the boat returned to help Gelinne, now worn out, to shore. “I’m 60 years old,” Gelinne says. “There was no way I could get him to shore.” Still, he was satisfied he’d gone the right way that day. Title A Hero’s Second Chance Setting The story took place on Dec. 26 near a ____32____ lake, with Gelinne’s home overlooking the water. Character Gelinne, a 60-year-old retired Navy officer with a history of escaping from a bank fire without ____33____ others, now faced another ____34____. Development Gelinne noticed a small airplane losing ____35____ and rushed towards the lake without ____36____, only to find the plane sinking in the lake and the pilot trapped there. Climax Gelinne reached the plane, which had broken through the ice, ____37____ only its tail visible. The pilot was submerged (淹没) up to his chest, and Gelinne must act ____38____ to save him from the icy water. Ending A lifeboat arrived, ____39____ the pilot, and then returned to help Gelinne, who was extremely ____40____, back to shore. Theme The story is about making up for past regrets and showing ____41____ when given another chance. 五、书面表达（25分） 42. 假设你是某中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友Chris对中国传统节日很感兴趣，来邮件询问。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 介绍你最喜欢的传统节日； 2. 表达你对传统节日的看法。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Chris, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 丰台区2024~2025学年度第一学期期末练习 高一英语 考生须知 1．答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 2．本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3．请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4．本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。 一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My Masterpiece I had always wanted to try one of those guided painting classes where an instructor (老师) tells you how to draw step by step. So I, with my friend Ella, signed up a ___1___ class. Our first task was to paint a white vase (花瓶) of yellow sunflowers against a blue background. As the class began, we were asked to paint our canvas (画布) blue. It was ___2___ to follow the instructor and I could tell I was a natural. I even started thinking about where I would ___3___ my new masterpiece. Almost immediately after that, however, I began to ___4___ serious difficulties. The first line of my vase looked perfect, but when I continued to paint, my hand slipped, causing an imperfect line. I tried to cover it, but it was no use. Things went downhill ___5___ after that. The sunflower leaves looked like fat, green caterpillars (毛虫). My numerous attempts to ___6___ them just made them worse. Feeling ___7___, I glanced (扫视) at others’ paintings. When I said Ella’s was better, she looked surprised. “No, they’re not. I messed up in at least five places.” After a few seconds, she asked, “If you like mine, why don’t we ___8___ paintings?” Up until that moment, yet for some reasons, giving it away felt wrong. No, it wasn’t a perfect painting, but it was mine — the first one I had ever ___9___. That was two years ago, and since then I’ve taken a few more classes and gotten better at following the instructor’s directions. And my sunflower painting still hangs in the most prominent (显眼的) place in my room — as _____10_____ as it is, that painting makes me feel happy now. 1. A. painting B. science C. language D. music 2. A. funny B. noisy C. easy D. lucky 3. A. hide B. hang C. draw D. replace 4. A. think of B. put up C. deal with D. run into 5. A. carefully B. rapidly C. formally D. widely 6. A. accept B. organize C. fix D. discuss 7. A. respectful B. disappointed C. frightened D. attractive 8. A. display B. collect C. exchange D. decorate 9. A. created B. received C. bought D. prepared 10. A. true B. classic C. unfinished D. imperfect 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一次参加绘画课，虽然画作不完美，但因为是自己的创作而倍感珍惜，最终将其挂在房间最显眼的位置，并从中获得快乐。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是，我和朋友Ella报名参加了一节绘画课。A. painting绘画；B. science科学；C. language语言；D. music音乐。根据上文“I had always wanted to try one of those guided painting classes”可知，作者一直想尝试那种有指导的绘画课，因此是和朋友报名参加了一节绘画课。故选A。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：跟着老师的指示很容易，我觉得自己天生就是画画的料。A. funny有趣的；B. noisy吵闹的；C. easy容易的；D. lucky幸运的。根据下文“I could tell I was a natural”可知，此时作者觉得自己天生就是画画的料，因此此处是指跟着老师的指示很容易。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我甚至开始思考要把这幅杰作挂在哪里。A. hide隐藏；B. hang悬挂；C. draw绘画；D. replace替换。根据上文“I could tell I was a natural. ”以及最后一段中“And my sunflower painting still hangs in the most prominent (显眼的) place in my room”可知，作者觉得自己天生就是画画的料，由此可推测，此时因为对自己的画很自信、很满意，在思考要把自己的新画作挂在哪里。故选B。 【4题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，几乎就在那之后，我遇到了严重困难。A. think of想到；B. put up张贴；C. deal with处理；D. run into遇到。根据下文“The first line of my vase looked perfect, but when I continued to paint, my hand slipped, causing an imperfect line. I tried to cover it, but it was no use.”可知，作者画的花瓶的线条出了问题，而且修补不好，因此是指遇到了严重的困难。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：之后情况迅速恶化。A. carefully小心地；B. rapidly快速地；C. formally正式地；D. widely广泛地。根据下文“The sunflower leaves looked like fat, green caterpillars (毛虫).  My numerous attempts to ___6___ them just made them worse.”可知，作者画的向日葵的叶子也很糟糕，因此是指情况迅速恶化。故选B。 6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我多次尝试修复，结果却更糟。A. accept接受；B. organize组织；C. fix修复；D. discuss讨论。根据上文“The sunflower leaves looked like fat, green caterpillars (毛虫).”可知，作者画的向日葵的叶子也很糟糕，因此会多次尝试修复。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到失望，瞥了一眼其他人的画。A. respectful尊敬的；B. disappointed失望的；C. frightened害怕的；D. attractive有吸引力的。根据上文“The first line of my vase looked perfect, but when I continued to paint, my hand slipped, causing an imperfect line.”和“The sunflower leaves looked like fat, green caterpillars (毛虫). My numerous attempts to ___6___ them just made them worse.”可知，作者画的花瓶的线条出了问题，向日葵的叶子很糟糕，尝试修复却使情况更糟，因此会感到失望。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几秒钟后，她问：“如果你喜欢我的画，我们为什么不交换呢？”A. display展示；B. collect收集；C. exchange交换；D. decorate装饰。根据下文“giving it away felt wrong”可知，把自己的画送人让作者感觉不对，因此此处指Ella提出交换画作。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到那一刻，我才意识到，尽管我的画不完美，但它是我的——我创作的第一幅画。A. created创作；B. received收到；C. bought购买；D. prepared准备。根据上文“Our first task was to paint a white vase (花瓶) of yellow sunflowers against a blue background.”可知，这是作者自己创作的第一幅画。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而那幅向日葵画仍然挂在我房间里最显眼的位置——尽管不完美，但它现在让我感到快乐。A. true真实的；B. classic经典的；C. unfinished未完成的；D. imperfect不完美的。根据上文“No, it wasn’t a perfect painting, but it was mine”可知，作者觉得这幅画不完美，但依然因为它而感到快乐。故选D。 二、阅读理解（共16小题；每小题2.5分，共40分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A In 1957, humans sent the first artificial satellite into space. Today, nearly 70 years later, experts predict some 100 trillion pieces of human-made objects are encircling our planet. Those objects are travelling at speeds of about 17,000 miles an hour. A collision (碰撞) between space junk and things like the International Space Station or working satellites can be dangerous. “It’s only getting more crowded,” says Moriba Jah, Nat Geo Explorer and space environmentalist. “There’s no garbage removal in space, so it keeps becoming more difficult to travel in.” Luckily, scientists are working on ideas that might one day help clean up space junk. Here are four that experts have considered, plus some of the most unusual space junk that’s ever orbited our planet. Self-destructing Satellite A satellite called Clear Space-1 would find and grab space junk with jellyfish like tentacles (触手). Once full, the satellite would fall back toward Earth, where it would burn up in Earth’s atmosphere. Trash-zapping Lasers Laser Orbital Debris (轨道碎片) Removal uses lasers technology to clean up debris. It fires lasers at the debris to push it off its path. Then the junk would either burn up in Earth’s atmosphere or fall into the ocean. Space Balloon The Orbit Lowering Device would attach a gas-filled balloon as wide as a football field to large pieces of space trash. This would slow down the objects so they would reenter Earth’s atmosphere and burn up. Wall of Water Another idea involves releasing water from rockets. The water would hit space junk and cause the debris to slow down or fall out of its path into Earth’s atmosphere. Some of these ideas have been questioned. So Jah wants to look at solutions like designing reusable, recyclable satellites. “We need to come up with other ways to keep space clean that don’t further pollute our own planet,” he says. 11. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The problems space junk brings. B. The history of artificial satellites. C. The ways of protecting our planet. D. The advice scientists have given. 12. How does Clear Space-1 work? A. By applying laser technology. B. By pushing the debris off its path. C. By releasing water from rockets. D. By using tentacles like jellyfish. 13. Which of the following is designed to deal with large space trash? A. Wall of Water. B. Space Balloon. C. Trash-zapping lasers. D. Self-destructing Satellite. 14. What might be a shared concern over the four ideas? A. They could cost too much money. B. They could make more space trash. C. They might pollute our planet. D. They might hurt working satellites. 【答案】11. A 12. D 13. B 14. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出越来越多的太空垃圾带来很多问题，介绍了科学家们为此想出的一些清理太空垃圾的方法。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Those objects are travelling at speeds of about 17,000 miles an hour. A collision (碰撞) between space junk and things like the International Space Station or working satellites can be dangerous. “It’s only getting more crowded,” says Moriba Jah, Nat Geo Explorer and space environmentalist. “There’s no garbage removal in space, so it keeps becoming more difficult to travel in.” (那些物体正以每小时约17000英里的速度运行。太空垃圾与国际空间站或工作卫星等物体之间的碰撞可能非常危险。国家地理探险家和太空环境学家Moriba Jah说：“太空只会变得越来越拥挤，太空中没有垃圾清理服务，因此太空旅行变得越来越困难。”)”可知，本段主要介绍了太空垃圾带来的问题，包括引起危险的碰撞，让太空旅行变得困难。故选A项。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据Self-destructing Satellite部分的“A satellite called Clear Space-1 would find and grab space junk with jellyfish like tentacles (触手). (一颗名为Clear Space-1的卫星将利用类似水母触手的装置寻找并抓取太空垃圾)”可知，它的工作原理是利用水母一样的触手。故选D项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据Space Balloon部分的“The Orbit Lowering Device would attach a gas-filled balloon as wide as a football field to large pieces of space trash. This would slow down the objects so they would reenter Earth’s atmosphere and burn up. (轨道降低装置会将一个足球场宽的充气气球附着在大型太空垃圾上，从而减缓其速度，使其重新进入地球大气层并燃烧殆尽)”可知，太空气球是为处理大型太空垃圾而设计的。故选B项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some of these ideas have been questioned. So Jah wants to look at solutions like designing reusable, recyclable satellites. “We need to come up with other ways to keep space clean that don’t further pollute our own planet,” he says. (其中一些想法受到了质疑。因此，Jah希望探索其他解决方案，例如设计可重复使用、可回收的卫星。他表示：“我们需要找到其他方法来保持太空清洁，同时不会进一步污染我们自己的星球。”)”可知，Jah希望找到清洁太空的同时不污染地球本身的方案，来替代上文提到的想法。由此推知，文中的四个想法可能都会污染地球。故选C项。 B Danny was just putting his cleats (训练鞋) into his locker when his teammate, Max, informed him that Mr. Irving, the principal wanted to see him in the office. He headed for the office, wondering why. He was a fairly good student, so it wasn’t his grades. Though, to be honest, he’d been making things a little worse, especially that last math test — ouch. But this was the first time the baseball team had run for the state championship in 11 years and as the star pitcher (明星投手), Danny had helped take them there. Surely there is nothing that can’t be forgiving. Taking a big breath he stepped inside to find Mr. Irving, Coach Geller, and surprisingly, his mother waiting for him, who seemed to have cried. Uh, oh. He must really be in trouble. Mr. Irving broke the news that Danny wouldn’t be able to play in the last game of the championship. Coach Geller had accidentally left Danny’s name off the roster (候选名单), and additions weren’t allowed after it was handed in. “We’re very sorry, Danny,” said Mr. Irving, “I have been trying to fix it, but sofar, no luck.” Danny didn’t know what to say. …… As the game began, Danny cheered for his team, feeling a mix of emotions as its score rose and fell. In the bottom of the ninth, Simo hit a winning run, ensuring the victory for their team. Danny exploded out of his seat and rushed to the field to celebrate with his teammates, giving each other high-fives. That night, as he told the story, his mother listened quietly and said, “You should have played. That was your victory, and it was taken from you.” “No way,” he said with the biggest smile of his life. “That win today? That was my win, and Max’s, and Simo’s too. Don’t you get it, Mom? That’s what it means to be part of a team. I helped get us to the championship. And in my own way, I helped win it, too.” His mother looked at him almost like she’d never seen him before. Then she smiled and hugged him tightly. “You’re right, Danny! Three cheers for your big win!” 15. How did Danny feel before stepping into the office? A. Disappointed. B. Excited. C. Anxious. D. Hopeful. 16. What news did Danny learn from Mr. Irving? A. He became a bench player. B. His math grades dropped a lot. C. He wasn’t chosen as a star pitcher. D. His name wasn’t on the team list. 17. What is the right order of the following events? ①Danny had a big win. ②The roster was handed in. ③Danny celebrated the victory with his teammates. ④Mr. Irving tried to fix the mistake but failed. A. ②④③① B. ①②③④ C. ②①④③ D. ①③④② 18. What can we learn from Danny’s story? A. Two heads are better than one. B. No way is impossible to courage. C. The victory of a team is true victory. D. He that falls today may be up again tomorrow 【答案】15. C 16. D 17. A 18. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了明星投手丹尼因教练失误名字未在候选名单上而无法参加冠军赛最后一场，但他仍为队友庆祝胜利，认为团队的胜利就是自己的胜利。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“He headed for the office, wondering why. He was a fairly good student, so it wasn’t his grades. Though, to be honest, he’d been making things a little worse, especially that last math test — ouch. But this was the first time the baseball team had run for the state championship in 11 years and as the star pitcher (明星投手), Danny had helped take them there. Surely there is nothing that can’t be forgiving.(他朝办公室走去，心里琢磨着为什么。他是个相当不错的学生，所以不是他的成绩问题。不过，说实话，他把事情弄得有点糟了，尤其是上次的数学考试——哎呀。但这是棒球队11年来第一次冲击州冠军赛，而作为明星投手，丹尼帮助他们走到了这一步。当然，没有什么是不可原谅的)”以及第三段中“Taking a big breath, he stepped inside to find Mr. Irving, Coach Geller, and surprisingly, his mother waiting for him, who seemed to have cried. Uh, oh. He must really be in trouble.(他深吸一口气，走了进去，发现欧文先生、盖勒教练，令人惊讶的是，他的母亲也在等他，她似乎哭过。哦，糟了。他肯定是惹上大麻烦了)”可知，丹尼去办公室之前不知道叫他去的原因，心里充满了疑惑和不安，由此可推断出他是焦虑的。故选C项。 【16题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Mr. Irving broke the news that Danny wouldn’t be able to play in the last game of the championship. Coach Geller had accidentally left Danny’s name off the roster (候选名单), and additions weren’t allowed after it was handed in.(欧文先生带来了一个消息，丹尼不能参加冠军赛的最后一场比赛了。盖勒教练不小心把丹尼的名字从候选名单上漏掉了，而且名单交上去之后就不允许再添加了)”可知，丹尼从欧文先生那里得知他的名字不在球队名单上。故选D项。 【17题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Coach Geller had accidentally left Danny’s name off the roster (候选名单), and additions weren’t allowed after it was handed in.(盖勒教练不小心把丹尼的名字从候选名单上漏掉了，而且名单交上去之后就不允许再添加了)”可知，首先是候选名单被交上去；接着根据第五段“We’re very sorry, Danny,” said Mr. Irving, “I have been trying to fix it, but so far, no luck.(“我们非常抱歉，丹尼，”欧文先生说，“我一直在想办法解决，但到目前为止，没有成功。”)”可知，然后欧文先生试图纠正错误但失败了；根据倒数第五段“As the game began, Danny cheered for his team, feeling a mix of emotions as its score rose and fell. In the bottom of the ninth, Simo hit a winning run, ensuring the victory for their team. Danny exploded out of his seat and rushed to the field to celebrate with his teammates, giving each other high fives.(比赛开始了，丹尼为他的球队加油，随着球队比分的起伏，他百感交集。在第九局下半局，西莫击出致胜一分，确保了他们球队的胜利。丹尼从座位上一跃而起，冲到球场上和队友们一起庆祝，互相击掌)”可知，接下来丹尼和队友们庆祝胜利；根据倒数第三段“‘No way,’ he said with the biggest smile of his life. ‘That win today? That was my win, and Max’s, and Simo’s too. Don’t you get it, Mom? That’s what it means to be part of a team. I helped get us to the championship. And in my own way, I helped win it, too.’(“不可能，”他脸上露出了这辈子最大的笑容说道。“今天的胜利?那是我的胜利，也是马克斯的，还有西莫的。你不明白吗，妈妈?这就是成为团队一员的意义。我帮助我们进入了冠军赛。而且以我自己的方式，我也帮助赢得了胜利。”)”可知，最后，丹尼认为自己也获得了一场大胜利。所以正确顺序是②④③①。故选A项。 【18题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“‘No way,’ he said with the biggest smile of his life. ‘That win today? That was my win, and Max’s, and Simo’s too. Don’t you get it, Mom? That’s what it means to be part of a team. I helped get us to the championship. And in my own way, I helped win it, too.’(“不可能，”他脸上露出了这辈子最大的笑容说道。“今天的胜利?那是我的胜利，也是马克斯的，还有西莫的。你不明白吗，妈妈?这就是成为团队一员的意义。我帮助我们进入了冠军赛。而且以我自己的方式，我也帮助赢得了胜利。”)”可知，丹尼虽然不能上场比赛，但他认为团队的胜利就是自己的胜利，由此推知，从丹尼的故事中我们能学到团队的胜利才是真正的胜利。故选C项。 C Firstly, I know this is a first world problem and I need to “dry my eyes”. I have a very small dishwasher in a very small kitchen. The other week when a friend showed me her new house with a big kitchen and a large dishwasher, I felt my throat got tight. I didn’t quite know what to say. And why did I even compare my life with other people’s life? Maybe you’ll agree you have a similar experience. Why is this? I think a huge factor is how addicted we’ve all become to social media. We stare at people’s beautiful vacation photos at some great party wondering, “Why isn’t my life like that?” We forget that what we see are the carefully edited highlights of a person’s life aiming to give an impression of what they want to see — not necessarily how their life actually is. Social media seem to give us anxiety that we aren’t doing as well as others or living up to expectations that we put on ourselves. On a good day, we can use this life envy to inspire ourselves — if they can do it, so can we! But on a bad day, we just feel angry, sad, disappointed, and worst of all, bitter. No one wants to admit to feeling envious. It is such a prohibited subject — desiring what others have. So how do we overcome our little green-eyed monster? Stepping away from social media is a start. The less we pay attention to what other people are doing, the fewer opportunities we have to compare ourselves to them. Next step is to give ourselves some tolerance (宽容) and know that it’s a completely natural feeling. It doesn’t make us bad persons; it’s just a part of being human. And most importantly, we need to start focusing on ourselves instead of others. The root of the problem is more a problem with how we’re feeling about ourselves than those we envy. My mom used to always tell me to “row your own boat”: and I think about that little phrase all the time. It may not be the biggest for it — and who knows where the journey will take us? Sure it beats feeling envious. 19. Describing his/ her personal experience, the author aims to ______. A. introduce a topic B. give a suggestion C. present a definition D. highlight an opinion 20. What does the author think of social media? A. It weakens face-to-face communication. B. It helps to overcome negative feelings. C. It brings information-sharing culture. D. It fails to truly reflect people’s life. 21. Which of the following might the author agree with? A. Noticing Tom’s new car, you post your car photos to impress others. B. Seeing Mark’s success in business, you think you are not as good as him. C. Knowing Amy’s moved to a big house, you think it wrong to feel unhappy. D. Hearing Betty has got a nice new job, you shift your focus on what you have. 22. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To inform us of the ways to cure anxiety. B. To tell us how to deal with feeling envious. C. To warn us of the bad effects of social media. D. To explain why people always compare with others: 【答案】19. A 20. D 21. D 22. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，作者以自己的经历提出问题：我们为什么会把自己的生活和别人的相比较？接着分析背后的原因——社交媒体让我们感到焦虑，我们会嫉妒别人，最后两段讲述了如何克服嫉妒心理。 【19题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The other week when a friend showed me her new house with a big kitchen and a large dishwasher, I felt my throat got tight. I didn’t quite know what to say. And why did I even compare my life with other people’s life?(前几个星期，当一个朋友带我看她的新房子时，她的房子有一个大厨房和一个大洗碗机，我感到喉咙发紧。我不知道该说什么。我为什么要拿自己的生活和别人的生活作比较呢？)”和第二段中“Maybe you’ll agree you have a similar experience. Why is this?(也许你也有类似的经历。为什么会这样？)”可知，作者提到自己和朋友相比较的经历，下文解释了背后的原因，故作者提到自己的经历是为了引入文章话题，故选A。 【20题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“We forget that what we see are the carefully edited highlights of a person’s life aiming to give an impression of what they want to see — not necessarily how their life actually is.(我们忘记了，我们所看到的是一个人生活中精心编辑的亮点，目的是给人一种他们想要看到的印象，而不一定是他们生活的真实面貌)”可知，作者认为社交媒体不能真实地反映人们的生活，故选D。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And most importantly, we need to start focusing on ourselves instead of others. The root of the problem is more a problem with how we’re feeling about ourselves than those we envy.(最重要的是，我们需要开始关注自己，而不是别人。问题的根源在于我们如何看待自己，而不是我们所羡慕的人)”可知，作者认为应该关注自己而不是别人，故作者会同意D项“听说Betty找到了一份不错的新工作，你把注意力转移到你所拥有的东西上”，故选D。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据全文内容，作者以自己的经历提出问题：我们为什么会把自己的生活和别人的相比较？接着分析背后的原因——社交媒体让我们感到焦虑，我们会嫉妒别人，最后两段讲述了如何克服嫉妒心理，故本文目的是告诉我们如何处理嫉妒心理，故选B。 D When considering the members of my social network, I often find myself enveloped in pure feelings of love and warmth, affection and support. A handful, however, arouse quite different emotions — a mixture of eagerness and fear. In the right mood, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrong moment, they can exhaust all my goodwill. If this sounds familiar, then you too have frenemies. Psychologists call them “ambivalent relationships”. According to a wealth of research these relationships are often more stressful. They can damage your mental and physical health. Knowing this, the simple solution would seem to be to cut ties with these people. But our relationships with frenemies aren’t simple and ditching (摆脱) them isn’t always possible or even desirable. To capture interpersonal dynamics, Julianne Holt-Lunstad and her Utah-based Brigham Young University colleagues designed a scale identifying four relationship categories. Try it: pick people in your network and answer two questions on a 1-6 scale. When you are feeling in need of advice, understanding or a favour, how helpful is your connection? Likewise, how upsetting is your connection? People scoring 1 on both are indifferent relationships. Those who score high on helpfulness and low on upset are supportive ties; low on helpfulness and high on upset are aversive relationships; both high indicate ambivalent connections — frenemies. They may be incredibly generous when you have a problem yet can also lash out (怒斥) with a bitter put-down when they feel envious or threatened. We might hope the good outweighs the bad in such relationships, but research complicates this. Holt-Lunstad’s team found that simply knowing that an ambivalent connection was in the next room as participants prepared to give a speech was enough to send their blood pressure rocketing. It also slowed their recovery after the task. In fact, even unintentional reminders of a frenemy can shatter our peace of mind. Furthermore, ambivalent connections contribute to telomere decline. Telomeres, protective caps at chromosome (染色体) ends, prevent DNA damage during cell division. As we age, telomeres wear down, and, when they become too short, cells may start to malfunction or die. Shorter telomeres increase the risk of age-related diseases. The problems of ambivalent connections are hard to solve, especially in work or family. Simply being aware of the ambivalent nature of a relationship might offer some protection, so that we could manage expectations, focus more on the good in these people and feel compassion for their unpleasant streaks, while also attempting to reduce contact when they cause stresses. Just as importantly this has prompted me to consider my own behavior — are there relationships in which I am the frenemy? 23. What does the underlined word “ambivalent” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Giving help or encouragement. B. Continuing or developing gradually. C. Having a mixture of opposing feelings. D. Happening sometimes and not at other times. 24. The author uses Julianne Holt-Lunstad’s scale to ______. A. measure the level of generosity in friendships B. predict the outcome of conflicts with frenemies C. show it’s difficult to break up with frenemies. D. compare the benefits of different connections 25. What can we learn about frenemies from the passage? A. Ambivalent connections can shorten telomere to prevent DNA damage. B. Frenemies don’t need to say a word to cause anxiety. C. Interacting with frenemies hardly results in helpful connections. D. High expectations on frenemies improve the relationship. 26. What’s the best title for the passage? A. Understanding and Managing Frenemies B. The Complexities of Human Relationships C. The Impact of Frenemies on Our Well-being D. The Double-Edged Sword of Social Connections 【答案】23. C 24. C 25. B 26. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了作者对社交网络中一些关系复杂的个体感到既期待又害怕，引出“友敌”的概念，接着介绍了Julianne Holt-Lunstad和同事关于识别四种关系类型的研究，表明矛盾关系的问题很难解决，最后分享了自己如何处理这些矛盾关系。 【23题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In the right mood, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrong moment, they can exhaust all my goodwill. If this sounds familiar, then you too have frenemies.(心情好的时候，这些人可以带来一个充满乐趣的夜晚，但在错误的时刻，他们会耗尽我所有的善意。如果这听起来很熟悉，那么你也有友敌)”可知，此处指对朋友的矛盾情感，ambivalent意为“矛盾的”，故选C。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。第二段中“But our relationships with frenemies aren’t simple and ditching (摆脱) them isn’t always possible or even desirable.(但我们与友敌的关系并不简单，抛弃他们并不总是可能的，甚至也不可取)”提到有时候不可能抛弃友敌，甚至这样做不可取，第三段“To capture interpersonal dynamics, Julianne Holt-Lunstad and her Utah-based Brigham Young University colleagues designed a scale identifying four relationship categories.(为了捕捉人际动态，Julianne Holt-Lunstad和她在犹他州杨百翰大学的同事设计了一个量表，确定了四种关系类型)”以及下文具体介绍了Julianne Holt-Lunstad和同事关于识别四种关系类型的研究，最后一段中“The problems of ambivalent connections are hard to solve, especially in work or family.(矛盾关系的问题很难解决，尤其是在工作或家庭中)”得出结论，所以作者使用Julianne Holt-Lunstad的量表是为了说明很难和友敌决裂，故选C。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Holt-Lunstad’s team found that simply knowing that an ambivalent connection was in the next room as participants prepared to give a speech was enough to send their blood pressure rocketing.(Holt-Lunstad的研究小组发现，当参与者准备演讲时，只要知道隔壁房间里有一种矛盾的联系，就足以让他们的血压飙升)”可知，友敌不需要说一句话就能引起焦虑，故选B。 【26题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“If this sounds familiar, then you too have frenemies.(如果这听起来很熟悉，那么你也有友敌)”和最后一段中“Simply being aware of the ambivalent nature of a relationship might offer some protection, so that we could manage expectations, focus more on the good in these people and feel compassion for their unpleasant streaks, while also attempting to reduce contact when they cause stresses. Just as importantly this has prompted me to consider my own behavior — are there relationships in which I am the frenemy?(简单地意识到一段关系的矛盾本质可能会提供一些保护，这样我们就可以管理期望，更多地关注这些人的优点，对他们不愉快的性格感到同情，同时在他们造成压力时也试图减少接触。同样重要的是，这促使我思考自己的行为——在某些关系中，我是友敌吗？)”可知，文章讲述了作者对社交网络中一些关系复杂的个体感到既期待又害怕，引出“友敌”的概念，接着介绍了Julianne Holt-Lunstad和同事关于识别四种关系类型的研究，表明矛盾关系的问题很难解决，最后分享了自己如何处理这些矛盾关系，A项“理解和管理友敌”为最佳标题，故选A。 三、阅读回答问题（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A child excitedly opens a present, but after seeing the toy, she shifts her focus to the wrapping paper, box, or ribbon (丝带). She might place the box on her head or tie the ribbon to a table leg. This is open-ended play, where children use everyday objects in creative, unstructured ways. It’s child-directed, with no set outcome. Research shows open-ended play is benefıcial in sometimes surprising ways. Open-ended play starts with the objects children play with. Unlike electronic toys or movie-based toys, open-ended toys — often called “loose parts” — give children the room to do something new. Loose parts can include egg holders, seashells, or cardboard boxes and other common objects. They are the basis for imaginative play that helps children become more creative. When a child picks up a stick and imagines it as a horse or telescope, she is exercising the ability to create and to think for herself. Each step in the process of free play is valuable. The process begins with choosing an object, then transforming (转变) it in her imagination into something new with its own purpose. Manufactured (制造的) toys do not give the mind the same freedom to imagine as do common objects that do not come with expectations or history. Obviously, adult-directed activities are more controlled and more predictable, and often shield children from making mistakes. Open-ended play allows children to follow their interests and to make mistakes. With parents playing a more passive role, children are responsible for these mistakes. This allows for more chances to solve problems and creates opportunities for children to be successful, building confidence in their ability to reason. The reality of modern life is that much of children’s lives will ba structured. But it does not all have to be. When parents, teachers, and caregivers take a step back, they open the door wider for children to create and learn. 27. What is open-ended play? _____________________________________________________________ 28. Why are open-ended toys called “loose parts”? _____________________________________________________________ 29. What is the benefit of children imagining a stick as a horse? _____________________________________________________________ 30. What does the underlined word “shield” in Paragraph 4 mean? _____________________________________________________________ 31. What is the main idea of this passage? _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】27. Children use everyday objects in creative, unstructured ways, without a set outcome. 28. Because they give children the room to do something new./ Because they are the basis for imaginative play that helps children become more creative. 29. It helps them exercise their creativity and independent thinking. 30. It means “stop”, “protect” or “prevent”. 31. The power/ benefits/ advantages of open-ended play. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要讲述了开放性游戏的好处。 【27题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“This is open-ended play, where children use everyday objects in creative, unstructured ways. It’s child-directed, with no set outcome. Research shows open-ended play is beneficial in sometimes surprising ways.(这是一种开放式的游戏，孩子们以创造性的、非结构化的方式使用日常用品。它以孩子为导向，没有固定的结果。研究表明，开放式游戏有时会带来意想不到的好处)”可知，开放性游戏指孩子们以创造性的、非结构化的方式使用日常物品，没有固定的结果。故答案为Children use everyday objects in creative, unstructured ways, without a set outcome. 【28题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Unlike electronic toys or movie-based toys, open-ended toys — often called “loose parts” — give children the room to do something new. Loose parts can include egg holders, seashells, or cardboard boxes and other common objects. They are the basis for imaginative play that helps children become more creative.(与电子玩具或基于电影的玩具不同，开放式玩具——通常被称为“松散的部件”——给孩子们提供了做新事情的空间。松散的部分可以包括蛋架、贝壳、纸板箱和其他常见物品。它们是想象力游戏的基础，可以帮助孩子变得更有创造力)”可知，开放性玩具被称为“松散的部件”，是因为它们给孩子们空间去做新的事情，它们是想象力游戏的基础，能帮助孩子变得更有创造力。故答案为Because they give children the room to do something new./ Because they are the basis for imaginative play that helps children become more creative. 【29题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“When a child picks up a stick and imagines it as a horse or telescope, she is exercising the ability to create and to think for herself.(当一个孩子拿起一根棍子，想象它是一匹马或望远镜时，她正在锻炼自己创造和自己思考的能力)”可知，孩子把一根棍子想象成是一匹马的好处是帮助他们锻炼创造力和独立思考的能力。故答案为It helps them exercise their creativity and independent thinking. 【30题详解】 考查词句猜测。根据划线词上文“Obviously, adult-directed activities are more controlled and more predictable(显然，成人指导的活动更容易控制和预测)”和下文“Open-ended play allows children to follow their interests and to make mistakes.(开放式的游戏允许孩子们跟随他们的兴趣，并犯错误)”可知，成人指导的活动更容易控制和预测，且和开放性游戏犯错形成对比，指成人指导的活动防止孩子犯错，shield意为“保护，防止”，故答案为It means “stop”, “protect” or “prevent”. 【31题详解】 考查主旨大意。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Research shows open-ended play is beneficial in sometimes surprising ways.(研究表明，开放式游戏有时会带来意想不到的好处)”可知，本文主要讲述开放性游戏的好处。故答案为The power/ benefits/ advantages of open-ended play. 四、任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在表格的横线上填词，每空填写一个单词。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A Hero’s Second Chance On Dec. 26, Gelinne, 60, was looking out the back windows of his home at the frozen lake. Then an airplane came into his sight. Gelinne looked up just in time to see that small airplane a few hundred yards away, losing control. As the plane disappeared behind the trees, Gelinne, a retired Navy (海军) officer, realized it was going to land in the lake. He flashed on a moment from more than 20 years earlier: Gelinne was at work in a bank. When a fire alarm rang, he escaped from the chaos (混乱) but has always wondered if he could have stayed inside and helped. On this day, Gelinne didn’t hesitate. He ran down to the waterfront. The plane had skidded (侧滑) to a stop on the broad, frozen lake, far from shore. It was now sinking. The pilot was standing on the wing. Gelinne knew from his Navy training that even a few minutes in the icy water could kill the pilot. Gelinne tested the ice with his foot and decided not to take any chances walking on it. So he pulled a boat out from under his back deck. Then he set off pushing his boat across the ice. It was tough work. When Gelinne reached the plane, it had broken through the ice and sunk; only its tail could be seen. The pilot was standing on a tail wing under the water and the water reaches as high as his chest. Gelinne pushed his boat off the ice and into the water, paddling (划) toward the pilot. Gelinne focused on keeping the pilot calm, joking, “Just hang on to the boat as if you were hugging your wife.” The pilot grabbed (抓) the boat’s bow, but Gelinne knew he had to get the pilot out of the water and up onto the shelf of unbroken ice behind him before the man lost too much body heat. By now a police officer had arrived and radioed for help. A lifeboat appeared, picking up the pilot and rushing him to safety. Later the boat returned to help Gelinne, now worn out, to shore. “I’m 60 years old,” Gelinne says. “There was no way I could get him to shore.” Still, he was satisfied he’d gone the right way that day. Title A Hero’s Second Chance Setting The story took place on Dec. 26 near a ____32____ lake, with Gelinne’s home overlooking the water. Character Gelinne, a 60-year-old retired Navy officer with a history of escaping from a bank fire without ____33____ others, now faced another ____34____. Development Gelinne noticed a small airplane losing ____35____ and rushed towards the lake without ____36____, only to find the plane sinking in the lake and the pilot trapped there. Climax Gelinne reached the plane, which had broken through the ice, ____37____ only its tail visible. The pilot was submerged (淹没) up to his chest, and Gelinne must act ____38____ to save him from the icy water. Ending A lifeboat arrived, ____39____ the pilot, and then returned to help Gelinne, who was extremely ____40____, back to shore. Theme The story is about making up for past regrets and showing ____41____ when given another chance. 【答案】32. frozen/icy 33. helping/saving/rescuing 34. challenge/difficulty/problem/danger/chaos/emergency/accident 35. control/function 36. hesitation/delay/thinking 37. leaving/with 38. quickly/immediately 39. rescued/saved 40. tired/exhausted/weak 41. courage/bravery/wisdom/skills 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了60岁的男子Gelinne在看到一架小飞机失控即将坠入湖中时，毫不犹豫地前去救援的故事。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。根据文章首句“On Dec. 26, Gelinne, 60, was looking out the back windows of his home at the frozen lake.(12月26日，60岁的格林从自家的后窗望向冰冻的湖面)”可知，故事发生在12月26日，在一个冰冻的湖附近，空处使用形容词frozen/icy“结冰的”作定语，修饰名词lake。故填frozen/icy。 【33题详解】 考查动词。根据第二段中“When a fire alarm rang, he escaped from the chaos (混乱) but has always wondered if he could have stayed inside and helped.(当火灾警报响起时，他从混乱中逃了出来，但他一直想知道自己是否本可以留在里面帮忙)”可知，Gelinne是一名60岁的退休海军军官，曾在没有帮助他人的情况下从银行火灾中逃生，空处需填表示“帮助、挽救”含义的动词help/save/rescue，使用动名词形式作介词without的宾语，故填helping/saving/rescuing。 【34题详解】 考查名词。根据第三段中“The plane had skidded (侧滑) to a stop on the broad, frozen lake, far from shore. It was now sinking. The pilot was standing on the wing. Gelinne knew from his Navy training that even a few minutes in the icy water could kill the pilot.(飞机在远离海岸宽阔、结冰的湖面上滑行着停了下来。现在它正在下沉。飞行员站在机翼上。Gelinne从他的海军训练中知道，即使在冰冷的水中待上几分钟，飞行员也可能丧命)”可知，Gelinne发现飞机正从湖面上下沉，飞行员站在机翼上，这是非常危险的情况，故此处指Gelinne面对着一个“挑战/问题/危险/混乱局面/紧急情况/事故”，使用名词challenge/difficulty/problem/danger/chaos/emergency/accident作宾语，故填challenge/difficulty/problem/danger/chaos/emergency/accident。 【35题详解】 考查名词。根据第一段中“Gelinne looked up just in time to see that small airplane a few hundred yards away, losing control.(Gelinne抬起头，正好看到几百码外那架小飞机失去了控制)”可知，Gelinne注意到一家小型飞机失控了，空处填名词control/function作宾语，故填control/function。 【36题详解】 考查名词/动名词。根据第三段中“On this day, Gelinne didn’t hesitate. He ran down to the waterfront.(这一天，Gelinne没有犹豫。他跑到岸边)”可知，Gelinne毫不犹豫地跑向湖边，空处作介词without宾语，填名词hesitation/delay或动名词thinking。故填hesitation/delay/thinking。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词/介词。根据第五段中“When Gelinne reached the plane, it had broken through the ice and sunk; only its tail could be seen.(当Gelinne到达飞机旁边时，飞机已经破冰沉没了；只能看到它的尾巴)”可知，当Gelinne到达飞机旁边时，飞机已经破冰沉没了；只能看到它的尾巴，此处可使用动词leave“留下”，使用现在分词作结果状语，也可使用介词with，表示状态。故填leaving/with。 【38题详解】 考查副词。根据倒数第三段中“but Gelinne knew he had to get the pilot out of the water and up onto the shelf of unbroken ice behind him before the man lost too much body heat(但Gelinne知道，他必须在飞行员失去太多体温之前，把他从水里救出来，爬到他身后未碎的冰架上)”可知，飞行员被水淹到胸部，Gelinne必须立即采取行动，把他从冰冷的水中救出来。空处作状语修饰动词act，应填副词quickly“快速地”/immediately“立即”。故填quickly/immediately。 【39题详解】 考查动词。根据倒数第二段中“A lifeboat appeared, picking up the pilot and rushing him to safety.(一艘救生艇出现了，救出了飞行员，把他送到了安全的地方)”可知，一艘救生艇出现了，救出了飞行员，空处应用动词表示“救援”的动词rescue/save，使用一般过去时，故填rescued/saved。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。根据倒数第二段中“Later the boat returned to help Gelinne, now worn out, to shore.(后来，小船回来帮助已经精疲力竭的Gelinne上岸)”可知，救生船返回去救筋疲力尽/疲软的Gelinne，空处应填形容词tired/exhausted/weak作表语，故填tired/exhausted/weak。 【41题详解】 考查名词。根据第三段中“On this day, Gelinne didn’t hesitate. He ran down to the waterfront.(这一天，Gelinne没有犹豫。他跑到岸边)”和倒数第三段中“but Gelinne knew he had to get the pilot out of the water and up onto the shelf of unbroken ice behind him before the man lost too much body heat(但Gelinne知道，他必须在飞行员失去太多体温之前，把他从水里救出来，爬到他身后未碎的冰架上)”以及全文内容可知，这个故事是关于弥补过去的遗憾，并在再次获得机会时表现出勇气/智慧/技巧。空处应填名词courage/bravery/ wisdom/skills作宾语，故填courage/bravery/wisdom/skills。 五、书面表达（25分） 42. 假设你是某中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友Chris对中国传统节日很感兴趣，来邮件询问。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 介绍你最喜欢的传统节日； 2. 表达你对传统节日的看法。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Chris, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Chris, Hope this email finds you well! I’m super excited to share with you my favorite traditional Chinese festival — the Spring Festival, which is essentially our Chinese New Year. The Spring Festival is undoubtedly the most significant celebration in China. Families gather to watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV, children receive red envelopes (hongbao) filled with money as a symbol of good luck, and people clean and decorate their homes with red couplets and paper cuttings to welcome the New Year. The atmosphere is electric with lanterns and firecrackers everywhere! For me, these traditional festivals are like a warm hug from the past. They’re not just about the fun and food; they’re a bridge to our culture’s heart, reminding us of where we come from and the stories that shaped us. I love how they blend ancient customs with modern joy. Would love to hear your thoughts on traditional festivals in your country too! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求给对中国传统节日很感兴趣的英国笔友Chris回一封邮件，介绍自己最喜欢的传统节日，并分享自己对传统节日的看法。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 兴奋的：excited → thrilled/ exhilarated 重要的：significant → crucial/important 象征：symbol → token/emblem 塑造：shape → fashion 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The Spring Festival is undoubtedly the most significant celebration in China. 拓展句：There is no doubt that the Spring Festival is the most significant celebration in China. 【点睛】【高分句型1】They’re not just about the fun and food; they’re a bridge to our culture’s heart, reminding us of where we come from and the stories that shaped us. (运用了现在分词reminding作状语、where引导宾语从句、that引导限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】I love how they blend ancient customs with modern joy. (运用了how引导宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$