北京市丰台区2024-2025学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题

丰台区2024~2025学年度第一学期期末练习 高一英语 考生须知 1．答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 2．本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3．请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4．本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。 一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My Masterpiece I had always wanted to try one of those guided painting classes where an instructor (老师) tells you how to draw step by step. So I, with my friend Ella, signed up a ___1___ class. Our first task was to paint a white vase (花瓶) of yellow sunflowers against a blue background. As the class began, we were asked to paint our canvas (画布) blue. It was ___2___ to follow the instructor and I could tell I was a natural. I even started thinking about where I would ___3___ my new masterpiece. Almost immediately after that, however, I began to ___4___ serious difficulties. The first line of my vase looked perfect, but when I continued to paint, my hand slipped, causing an imperfect line. I tried to cover it, but it was no use. Things went downhill ___5___ after that. The sunflower leaves looked like fat, green caterpillars (毛虫). My numerous attempts to ___6___ them just made them worse. Feeling ___7___, I glanced (扫视) at others’ paintings. When I said Ella’s was better, she looked surprised. “No, they’re not. I messed up in at least five places.” After a few seconds, she asked, “If you like mine, why don’t we ___8___ paintings?” Up until that moment, yet for some reasons, giving it away felt wrong. No, it wasn’t a perfect painting, but it was mine — the first one I had ever ___9___. That was two years ago, and since then I’ve taken a few more classes and gotten better at following the instructor’s directions. And my sunflower painting still hangs in the most prominent (显眼的) place in my room — as _____10_____ as it is, that painting makes me feel happy now. 1. A. painting B. science C. language D. music 2. A. funny B. noisy C. easy D. lucky 3. A. hide B. hang C. draw D. replace 4. A. think of B. put up C. deal with D. run into 5. A. carefully B. rapidly C. formally D. widely 6. A. accept B. organize C. fix D. discuss 7. A. respectful B. disappointed C. frightened D. attractive 8. A. display B. collect C. exchange D. decorate 9. A. created B. received C. bought D. prepared 10. A. true B. classic C. unfinished D. imperfect 二、阅读理解（共16小题；每小题2.5分，共40分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A In 1957 humans sent the first artificial satellite into space. Today, nearly 70 years later, experts predict some 100 trillion pieces of human-made objects are encircling our planet. Those objects are travelling at speeds of about 17,000 miles an hour. A collision (碰撞) between space junk and things like the International Space Station or working satellites can be dangerous. “It’s only getting more crowded,” says Moriba Jah, Nat Geo Explorer and space environmentalist. “There’s no garbage removal in space, so it keeps becoming more difficult to travel in.” Luckily scientists are working on ideas that might one day help clean up space junk. Here are four that experts have considered, plus some of the most unusual space junk that’s ever orbited our planet. Self-destructing Satellite A satellite called Clear Space-1 would find and grab space junk with jellyfish like tentacles (触手). Once full, the satellite would fall back toward Earth, where it would burn up in Earth’s atmosphere. Trash-zapping Lasers Laser Orbital Debris (轨道碎片) Removal uses lasers technology to clean up debris. It fires lasers at the debris to push it off its path. Then the junk would either burn up in Earth’s atmosphere or fall into the ocean. Space Balloon The Orbit Lowering Device would attach a gas-filled balloon as wide as a football field to large pieces of space trash. This would slow down the objects so they would reenter Earth’s atmosphere and burn up. Wall of Water Another idea involves releasing water from rockets. The water would hit space junk and cause the debris to slow down or fall out of its path into Earth’s atmosphere. Some of these ideas have been questioned. So Jah wants to look at solutions like designing reusable, recyclable satellites. “We need to come up with other ways to keep space clean that don’t further pollute our own planet,” he says. 11. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The problems space junk brings. B. The history of artificial satellites. C. The ways of protecting our planet. D. The advice scientists have given. 12. How does Clear Space-1 work? A. By applying laser technology. B. By pushing the debris off its path. C. By releasing water from rockets. D. By using tentacles like jellyfish. 13. Which of the following is designed to deal with large space trash? A. Wall of Water. B. Space Balloon. C. Trash-zapping lasers. D. Self-destructing Satellite. 14. What might be a shared concern over the four ideas? A. They could cost too much money. B. They could make more space trash. C. They might pollute our planet. D. They might hurt working satellites. B Danny was just putting his cleats (训练鞋) into his locker when his teammate, Max, informed him that Mr. Irving, the principal wanted to see him in the office. He headed for the office, wondering why. He was a fairly good student, so it wasn’t his grades. Though, to be honest, he’d been making things a little worse, especially that last math test — ouch. But this was the first time the baseball team had run for the state championship in 11 years and as the star pitcher (明星投手), Danny had helped take them there. Surely there is nothing that can’t be forgiving. Taking a big breath, he stepped inside to find Mr. Irving, Coach Geller, and surprisingly, his mother waiting for him, who seemed to have cried. Uh, oh. He must really be in trouble. Mr. Irving broke the news that Danny wouldn’t be able to play in the last game of the championship. Coach Geller had accidentally left Danny’s name off the roster (候选名单), and additions weren’t allowed after it was handed in. “We’re very sorry, Danny,” said Mr. Irving, “I have been trying to fix it, but sofar, no luck.” Danny didn’t know what to say. …… As the game began, Danny cheered for his team, feeling a mix of emotions as its score rose and fell. In the bottom of the ninth, Simo hit a winning run, ensuring the victory for their team. Danny exploded out of his seat and rushed to the field to celebrate with his teammates, giving each other high-fives. That night, as he told the story, his mother listened quietly and said, “You should have played. That was your victory, and it was taken from you.” “No way,” he said with the biggest smile of his life. “That win today? That was my win, and Max’s, and Simo’s too. Don’t you get it, Mom? That’s what it means to be part of a team. I helped get us to the championship. And in my own way, I helped win it, too.” His mother looked at him almost like she’d never seen him before. Then she smiled and hugged him tightly. “You’re right, Danny! Three cheers for your big win!” 15. How did Danny feel before stepping into the office? A. Disappointed. B. Excited. C. Anxious. D. Hopeful. 16. What news did Danny learn from Mr. Irving? A. He became a bench player. B. His math grades dropped a lot. C. He wasn’t chosen as a star pitcher. D. His name wasn’t on the team list. 17. What is the right order of the following events? ①Danny had a big win. ②The roster was handed in. ③Danny celebrated the victory with his teammates. ④Mr. Irving tried to fix the mistake but failed. A. ②④③① B. ①②③④ C. ②①④③ D. ①③④② 18. What can we learn from Danny’s story? A. Two heads are better than one. B. No way is impossible to courage. C. The victory of a team is true victory. D. He that falls today may be up again tomorrow C Firstly, I know this is a first world problem and I need to “dry my eyes”. I have a very small dishwasher in a very small kitchen. The other week when a friend showed me her new house with a big kitchen and a large dishwasher, I felt my throat got tight. I didn’t quite know what to say. And why did I even compare my life with other people’s life? Maybe you’ll agree you have a similar experience. Why is this? I think a huge factor is how addicted we’ve all become to social media. We stare at people’s beautiful vacation photos at some great party wondering, “Why isn’t my life like that?” We forget that what we see are the carefully edited highlights of a person’s life aiming to give an impression of what they want to see — not necessarily how their life actually is. Social media seem to give us anxiety that we aren’t doing as well as others or living up to expectations that we put on ourselves. On a good day, we can use this life envy to inspire ourselves — if they can do it, so can we! But on a bad day, we just feel angry, sad, disappointed, and worst of all, bitter. No one wants to admit to feeling envious. It is such a prohibited subject — desiring what others have. So how do we overcome our little green-eyed monster? Stepping away from social media is a start. The less we pay attention to what other people are doing the fewer opportunities we have to compare ourselves to them. Next step is to give ourselves some tolerance (宽容) and know that it’s a completely natural feeling. It doesn’t make us bad persons; it’s just a part of being human. And most importantly, we need to start focusing on ourselves instead of others. The root of the problem is more a problem with how we’re feeling about ourselves than those we envy. My mom used to always tell me to “row your own boat”: and I think about that little phrase all the time. It may not be the biggest for it — and who knows where the journey will take us? Sure it beats feeling envious. 19. Describing his/ her personal experience, the author aims to ______. A. introduce a topic B. give a suggestion C. present a definition D. highlight an opinion 20. What does the author think of social media? A. It weakens face-to-face communication. B. It helps to overcome negative feelings. C. It brings information-sharing culture. D. It fails to truly reflect people’s life. 21. Which of the following might the author agree with? A. Noticing Tom’s new car, you post your car photos to impress others. B. Seeing Mark’s success in business, you think you are not as good as him. C. Knowing Amy’s moved to a big house, you think it wrong to feel unhappy. D. Hearing Betty has got a nice new job, you shift your focus on what you have. 22. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To inform us of the ways to cure anxiety. B. To tell us how to deal with feeling envious. C. To warn us of the bad effects of social media. D. To explain why people always compare with others: D When considering the members of my social network, I often find myself enveloped in pure feelings of love and warmth, affection and support. A handful, however, arouse quite different emotions — a mixture of eagerness and fear. In the right mood, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrong moment, they can exhaust all my goodwill. If this sounds familiar, then you too have frenemies. Psychologists call them “ambivalent relationships”. According to a wealth of research these relationships are often more stressful. They can damage your mental and physical health. Knowing this, the simple solution would seem to be to cut ties with these people. But our relationships with frenemies aren’t simple and ditching (摆脱) them isn’t always possible or even desirable. To capture interpersonal dynamics, Julianne Holt-Lunstad and her Utah-based Brigham Young University colleagues designed a scale identifying four relationship categories. Try it: pick people in your network and answer two questions on a 1-6 scale. When you are feeling in need of advice, understanding or a favour, how helpful is your connection? Likewise, how upsetting is your connection? People scoring 1 on both are indifferent relationships. Those who score high on helpfulness and low on upset are supportive ties; low on helpfulness and high on upset are aversive relationships; both high indicate ambivalent connections — frenemies. They may be incredibly generous when you have a problem yet can also lash out (怒斥) with a bitter put-down when they feel envious or threatened. We might hope the good outweighs the bad in such relationships, but research complicates this. Holt-Lunstad’s team found that simply knowing that an ambivalent connection was in the next room as participants prepared to give a speech was enough to send their blood pressure rocketing. It also slowed their recovery after the task. In fact, even unintentional reminders of a frenemy can shatter our peace of mind. Furthermore, ambivalent connections contribute to telomere decline. Telomeres, protective caps at chromosome (染色体) ends, prevent DNA damage during cell division. As we age, telomeres wear down, and, when they become too short, cells may start to malfunction or die. Shorter telomeres increase the risk of age-related diseases. The problems of ambivalent connections are hard to solve, especially in work or family. Simply being aware of the ambivalent nature of a relationship might offer some protection, so that we could manage expectations, focus more on the good in these people and feel compassion for their unpleasant streaks, while also attempting to reduce contact when they cause stresses. Just as importantly this has prompted me to consider my own behavior — are there relationships in which I am the frenemy? 23. What does the underlined word “ambivalent” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Giving help or encouragement. B. Continuing or developing gradually. C Having a mixture of opposing feelings. D. Happening sometimes and not at other times. 24. The author uses Julianne Holt-Lunstad’s scale to ______. A. measure the level of generosity in friendships B. predict the outcome of conflicts with frenemies C. show it’s difficult to break up with frenemies. D. compare the benefits of different connections 25. What can we learn about frenemies from the passage? A. Ambivalent connections can shorten telomere to prevent DNA damage. B. Frenemies don’t need to say a word to cause anxiety. C. Interacting with frenemies hardly results in helpful connections. D. High expectations on frenemies improve the relationship. 26. What’s the best title for the passage? A. Understanding and Managing Frenemies B. The Complexities of Human Relationships C The Impact of Frenemies on Our Well-being D. The Double-Edged Sword of Social Connections 三、阅读回答问题（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A child excitedly opens a present, but after seeing the toy, she shifts her focus to the wrapping paper, box, or ribbon (丝带). She might place the box on her head or tie the ribbon to a table leg. This is open-ended play, where children use everyday objects in creative, unstructured ways. It’s child-directed, with no set outcome. Research shows open-ended play is benefıcial in sometimes surprising ways. Open-ended play starts with the objects children play with. Unlike electronic toys or movie-based toys, open-ended toys — often called “loose parts” — give children the room to do something new. Loose parts can include egg holders, seashells, or cardboard boxes and other common objects. They are the basis for imaginative play that helps children become more creative. When a child picks up a stick and imagines it as a horse or telescope, she is exercising the ability to create and to think for herself. Each step in the process of free play is valuable. The process begins with choosing an object, then transforming (转变) it in her imagination into something new with its own purpose. Manufactured (制造的) toys do not give the mind the same freedom to imagine as do common objects that do not come with expectations or history. Obviously, adult-directed activities are more controlled and more predictable, and often shield children from making mistakes. Open-ended play allows children to follow their interests and to make mistakes. With parents playing a more passive role, children are responsible for these mistakes. This allows for more chances to solve problems and creates opportunities for children to be successful, building confidence in their ability to reason. The reality of modern life is that much of children’s lives will ba structured. But it does not all have to be. When parents, teachers, and caregivers take a step back, they open the door wider for children to create and learn. 27. What is open-ended play? _____________________________________________________________ 28. Why are open-ended toys called “loose parts”? _____________________________________________________________ 29. What is the benefit of children imagining a stick as a horse? _____________________________________________________________ 30. What does the underlined word “shield” in Paragraph 4 mean? _____________________________________________________________ 31. What is the main idea of this passage? _____________________________________________________________ 四、任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在表格的横线上填词，每空填写一个单词。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A Hero’s Second Chance On Dec. 26, Gelinne, 60, was looking out the back windows of his home at the frozen lake. Then an airplane came into his sight. Gelinne looked up just in time to see that small airplane a few hundred yards away, losing control. As the plane disappeared behind the trees, Gelinne, a retired Navy (海军) officer, realized it was going to land in the lake. He flashed on a moment from more than 20 years earlier: Gelinne was at work in a bank. When a fire alarm rang, he escaped from the chaos (混乱) but has always wondered if he could have stayed inside and helped. On this day, Gelinne didn’t hesitate. He ran down to the waterfront. The plane had skidded (侧滑) to a stop on the broad, frozen lake, far from shore. It was now sinking. The pilot was standing on the wing. Gelinne knew from his Navy training that even a few minutes in the icy water could kill the pilot. Gelinne tested the ice with his foot and decided not to take any chances walking on it. So he pulled a boat out from under his back deck. Then he set off, pushing his boat across the ice. It was tough work. When Gelinne reached the plane, it had broken through the ice and sunk; only its tail could be seen. The pilot was standing on a tail wing under the water and the water reaches as high as his chest. Gelinne pushed his boat off the ice and into the water, paddling (划) toward the pilot. Gelinne focused on keeping the pilot calm, joking, “Just hang on to the boat as if you were hugging your wife.” The pilot grabbed (抓) the boat’s bow, but Gelinne knew he had to get the pilot out of the water and up onto the shelf of unbroken ice behind him before the man lost too much body heat. By now a police officer had arrived and radioed for help. A lifeboat appeared, picking up the pilot and rushing him to safety. Later the boat returned to help Gelinne, now worn out, to shore. “I’m 60 years old,” Gelinne says. “There was no way I could get him to shore.” Still, he was satisfied he’d gone the right way that day. Title A Hero’s Second Chance Setting The story took place on Dec. 26 near a ____32____ lake, with Gelinne’s home overlooking the water. Character Gelinne, a 60-year-old retired Navy officer with a history of escaping from a bank fire without ____33____ others, now faced another ____34____. Development Gelinne noticed a small airplane losing ____35____ and rushed towards the lake without ____36____, only to find the plane sinking in the lake and the pilot trapped there. Climax Gelinne reached the plane, which had broken through the ice, ____37____ only its tail visible. The pilot was submerged (淹没) up to his chest, and Gelinne must act ____38____ to save him from the icy water. Ending A lifeboat arrived, ____39____ the pilot, and then returned to help Gelinne, who was extremely ____40____, back to shore. Theme The story is about making up for past regrets and showing ____41____ when given another chance. 五、书面表达（25分） 42. 假设你是某中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友Chris对中国传统节日很感兴趣，来邮件询问。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 介绍你最喜欢的传统节日； 2. 表达你对传统节日的看法。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Chris, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 丰台区2024~2025学年度第一学期期末练习 高一英语 考生须知 1．答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 2．本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3．请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4．本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。 一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 【1~10题答案】 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D 二、阅读理解（共16小题；每小题2.5分，共40分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A 【11~14题答案】 【答案】11. A 12. D 13. B 14. C B 【15~18题答案】 【答案】15. C 16. D 17. A 18. C C 【19~22题答案】 【答案】19. A 20. D 21. D 22. B D 【23~26题答案】 【答案】23. C 24. C 25. B 26. A 三、阅读回答问题（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 【27~31题答案】 【答案】27. Children use everyday objects in creative, unstructured ways, without a set outcome. 28. Because they give children the room to do something new./ Because they are the basis for imaginative play that helps children become more creative. 29. It helps them exercise their creativity and independent thinking. 30. It means “stop”, “protect” or “prevent”. 31. The power/ benefits/ advantages of open-ended play. 四、任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 【32~41题答案】 【答案】32. frozen/icy 33. helping/saving/rescuing 34. challenge/difficulty/problem/danger/chaos/emergency/accident 35. control/function 36. hesitation/delay/thinking 37. leaving/with 38. quickly/immediately 39. rescued/saved 40. tired/exhausted/weak 41. courage/bravery/wisdom/skills 五、书面表达（25分） 【42题答案】 【答案】One possible version: Dear Chris, Hope this email finds you well! I’m super excited to share with you my favorite traditional Chinese festival — the Spring Festival, which is essentially our Chinese New Year. The Spring Festival is undoubtedly the most significant celebration in China. Families gather to watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV, children receive red envelopes (hongbao) filled with money as a symbol of good luck, and people clean and decorate their homes with red couplets and paper cuttings to welcome the New Year. The atmosphere is electric with lanterns and firecrackers everywhere! For me, these traditional festivals are like a warm hug from the past. They’re not just about the fun and food; they’re a bridge to our culture’s heart, reminding us of where we come from and the stories that shaped us. I love how they blend ancient customs with modern joy. Would love to hear your thoughts on traditional festivals in your country too! Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$