精品解析：北京市丰台区2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试题

丰台区2024~2025学年度第一学期期末练习 高二英语 2025.01 考生须知 1. 答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 2. 本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3. 请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4. 本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。 笔试（共三部分100分） 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When I was just a kid, my mother would frequently take me to our local community centre to play with my friends. One sunny afternoon, when we were playing outside, one of my friends brought a visiting relative, who clung to (紧紧抓住) his cousin like a shadow, eyes wide with ____1____. He had a speech impediment (障碍) and couldn’t get his mouth to ____2____. He couldn’t even say the name of the town where he lived. I had never seen someone stutter (结巴) like that. I thought he must have been joking, so I ____3____. My friend shot me a concerned glance, but my giggles (咯咯笑) continued. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw my mother looking at me with a(n) ___4___ I’d never seen before. It was a mix of horror, anger, and shame, all focused on me, which stopped my laughing instantly. She waved me over with seriousness that left no room for ____5____. She told me how wrong it was to laugh at someone’s struggle, and how there was never an excuse for such behavior. She asked me to apologize to the boy, give him a hug, and tell him that I love him. My heart ____6____, a mix of regret and fear of my peers’ judgement eating away at me. But my mother’s look, a silent yet powerful force, left me no other option. With trembling steps, I approached the boy and gave him a(n) ___7___ hug. I think I ___8___ him by grabbing him like that, but when he realized that I was trying to hug him, his body relaxed and he hugged me back. “Uh... also, uh... I love you...” I tried to say it as insincerely as I could get away with and half-smiled as I spoke. I was still hugging the boy, so he couldn’t see the unnatural look on my youthful face. But then the boy hugged me tighter and whispered in my ear ____9____, without a stutter and without hesitation. “I love you, too!” There was such softness and _____10_____ in his voice, and just like that, I thought I would start crying. 1. A. nervousness B. determination C. confusion D. amazement 2. A. respond B. move C. recover D. cooperate 3. A. smiled B. laughed C. jumped D. screamed 4. A. manner B. vision C. mood D. expression 5. A. performance B. forgiveness C. improvement D. hesitation 6. A. sank B. beat C. ached D. broke 7. A. soft B. awkward C. formal D. strong 8. A. inspired B. comforted C. shocked D. angered 9. A. proudly B. modestly C. sincerely D. patiently 10. A. confidence B. firmness C. courage D. calmness 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 By sending seeds on short trips into space, China is developing new crop varieties, ____11____ (contribute) to the advancement of agricultural science. This process exposes seeds to cosmic radiation (宇宙辐射), which changes their genes and leads to the creation of new varieties with greater diversity. Since China’s first experiment in August 1987, the country ____12____ (send) seeds from thousands of plant species into space using satellites and spacecraft, ____13____ resulted in the development of nearly 1,000 new plant varieties, including grains, vegetables and fruits. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Chocolate fans will soon be able to create Willy Wonka-style rooms in their house, using a newly ____14____ (develop) chocolate paint. The spreadable “chocolate paint” uses real chocolate. It has been created by paint technicians in Scotland and it can be thinned down by mixing with water. People who choose ____15____ (decorate) their walls with the paint will need to re-do them regularly because the chocolate ____16____ (natural) fades over time as it reacts with oxygen in the air. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A young supercycler Aleksandr, who is 11 years old, has raised more than £4,000 ____17____ charity after cycling 217 miles through Switzerland’s mountains. He ____18____ (inspire) to take on this challenge after a recent trip to South Africa with his family, where he saw ____19____ less fortunate people lived. Aleksandr’s money will go towards World Vision UK, a charity that supports children around the world. He said that the cycle was full of ____20____ (difficulty) but he wanted to help improve the lives of other children. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A United Nations Online Leadership Training Program Event Objectives The United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) is delighted to offer the UN Online Training Program. It aims to offer the global youth the chance to gain first-hand experience of the United Nations and will provide them with the necessary knowledge and skills to fully unfold their potential as global leaders. Participants This program is specially designed for university students, high school students and other ambitious young leaders of similar background. Content and Structure The program consists of a 4-week e-learning course, including 2 different modules (模块), which can be studied in a self-paced manner. Module 1: Leadership Skills Module 2: The Sustainable Development Goals The total number of online courses will be about 5 hours per week. Several 1.5 hour live-webinars (线上研讨会) will be delivered through the e-learning platform by UN experts. Additionally, there will be one 3.5 hour e-workshop per week. Participants have enough chances to exchange views with experts and fellows to gain a thorough understanding of the United Nations. Methodology The program will be run from UNITAR’s e-learning platform, where announcements and relevant links to activities will be posted. The platform will also contain online reading materials, interactive quizzes as well as pre-recorded videos, which participants are free to study anytime. Registration To register, kindly click on one of the links below and follow these steps: 1. On the event page, click on “registration”. The program will then be added to your shopping cart. 2. Click on the “check out” button and choose payment method: (i) credit card or (ii) bank transfer. Additional information The participants are responsible to ensure they are in possession of the basic necessary hardware, software and connectivity to engage in online training activities. 21. Who would be most qualified for the UN Online Leadership Training Program? A. A middle-aged official from a UN member state. B. A staff member employed by the United Nations. C. A university student with an interest in global issues. D. An experienced professional in international relations. 22. In the UN Online Leadership Training Program, participants will _________. A. follow strict learning schedules B. get chances to interact with others C. take the courses for free D. choose modules of their own interest 23. What’s the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce course arrangements. B. To promote an educational program. C. To highlight the impact of the UN program. D. To discuss the importance of leadership skills. B My school was nestled in a remote village in central Sri Lanka. When handball was introduced to Sri Lankan schools in 2010,I wanted to bring it to my school. As a new sport, I foresaw it as a golden opportunity for our school as we had never secured a place in traditional sports. A group of boys were immediately interested and 40 students signed up to play. I had the support of their parents but I still couldn’t convince the sports teacher to agree. Ultimately, Heshan, a boy who graduated some nine years earlier, agreed to coach the team. He was a member of a handball team and he assigned exercises and drills to do in his absence. Although handball is an indoor game, we trained outdoors as our school had limited facilities. Training started early in the morning before class and continued after school until it was dark. After three months of wholehearted training, we were able to send the team to compete with 50 other schools at the all-island school handball tournament held in Colombo — the country’s most populous city. Our boys played remarkably well and reached the semifinals. And that was when the real game started. People from Colombo schools joined forces against us, saying they wouldn’t allow the cup to be taken out of Colombo. They considered it a shame to lose a match against boys from a rural village school who couldn’t even speak English. Even the referees favoured the Colombo schools, resulting in our team being far away from the victory we deserved. Defeated, the boys fell to the ground, sad and disappointed. Heshan and I were angry. A few weeks after the defeat, Heshan and I met the national handball coach to discuss our treatment by the referees. He apologised and offered to send a Korean professional handball coach to our school for two weeks’ training. The following year, nobody could stop our team from winning the all-island schools handball championship. Unexpectedly, media attention was drawn to the tournament. A member of the School Handball Association invited me to provide commentary on the tournament in English on a television channel. I found this rather ironic that they chose a teacher from a remote village school to provide commentary in English. Heshan and I were extremely proud to have shown the boys that dreams can be fulfilled. 24. Why did the author introduce handball to his school? A. To improve the students’ sports skills. B. To demonstrate its growing popularity. C. To raise the school’s reputation in sports. D. To secure opportunities for traditional sports. 25. What was the biggest problem the team encountered during the tournament? A. Not gaining fair treatment. B. Not having enough practice. C. Not forming a desired team spirit. D. Not getting enough support from parents. 26. How did the author feel when he was invited to comment on TV channel? A. Confused but grateful. B. Astonished but honored. C. Nervous but confident. D. Embarrassed but fortunate. 27. What can we conclude from this passage? A. Perseverance can be rewarded. B. Innovation is the soul of progress. C. Prejudice is the child of ignorance. D. Crisis may stand in the way of success. C Beethoven’s notebooks show that he spent countless hours developing and revising the musical ideas. It was a painful and all-consuming process. Beethoven was also the most gifted improviser (即兴演奏者) of his time. He would sit at the piano and create, on demand, beautiful and imposing compositions. Beethoven illustrates two modes of creativity. Most people are familiar with the first type — the creative struggle — from personal experience. But the latter kind — the flow state — is more elusive. Researchers knew little about its inner mechanisms, and this lack of understanding hindered the development of techniques for training flow to boost one’s creative production. In a study at Drexel University’s Creativity Research Lab, we addressed this gap by posing a basic question about the nature of creative flow: Does it involve intense concentration and hyperfocused attention, or does it involve the release of attention and “letting go”? Our study examined flow in the context of jazz improvisation. We recruited 32 jazz guitarists for the study. Some were relative novices, whereas others were highly experienced. We directed them to improvise solos while listening to recorded jazz accompaniments. Notably, the most experienced musicians reported, on average, greater intensity and frequency of flow states. This finding makes sense because it is hard to imagine feeling effortless attention while performing an unfamiliar task. Also unsurprising was that, on average, the judges rated the experts’ improvisations as more creative than the novices’ improvisations. Next, to identify brain regions associated with the flow state, we compared brain activity during high-flow performances with that during low-flow performances. One striking finding was that high-flow performance were associated with reduced activity in the brain’s frontal lobes (大脑前额叶), which are associated with executive function and cognitive control. Then we compared the most experienced musicians with the least experienced ones. The most experienced participants showed activity in a network of brain areas associated with hearing and vision during a flow state — sensory regions that were not activated in the low-experience musicians. So it seems that creative flow can occur when two conditions are met. First, one has to gain expertise by practicing the task enough to develop a specialized brain network for performing that task. Second, one must release conscious control so the specialized network can take over and produce ideas on autopilot, without the performer overthinking what they are doing. The end result might not be like a Beethoven sonata (奏鸣曲). But if you can create it during a flow state, it will be your best work, and you will enjoy the process. 28. What does the word “elusive” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Worthy of practice. B. Attractive to figure out. C. Accessible to achieve. D. Challenging to comprehend. 29. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The subjects of the study. B. A stage of the study. C. An assumption of the study. D. The objective of the study. 30. What can we learn from the study? A. Flow is a state of low cognitive control rather than hyperfocus. B. Flow state helps an inexperienced musician to concentrate easily. C. The brain’s frontal lobes are less active during low-flow performance. D. Hearing and vision networks are activated in less experienced musicians. 31. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain two modes of creativity. B. To present the findings of a study of flow state. C. To illustrate how to enter a state of effortless attention. D. To stress how important it is to create music during a flow state. D Life, it could be argued, is like a long game of blackjack. In one common version of this, each person is dealt with two playing cards. The aim is for your hand to add to 21, or as close to this as you can get. Player can either “stick” with their existing hand or “twist”— asking to be dealt another card to add to their total. The risk, of course, is that you exceed 21 and are eliminated. This may sound far removed from everyday choices, but many of our most important life decisions boil down to such dilemmas. Should I stay put or take the leap and move house? Should I remain in my job or start my own business? The inherent uncertainty leaves many of us ending up staying in the status quo, never giving ourselves the chance to win big. Perhaps we can learn a trick from “maximisers”: individuals with a strong urge to find the optimal(最佳的)outcome for every situation. They would be more willing to”twist” if their current options aren’t working. And this approach to life certainly has some advantages. For example, among a sample of students looking for work, maximisers ended up getting a 20% higher salary compared with “satisficers”, people who tend to choose the first acceptable option. Nevertheless, in reality there are simply too many options to weigh up the pros and cons of every choice. Natural maximisers can feel so overwhelmed with the options, and they are troubled by the doubt that a superior option might be among those they did not evaluate. Perhaps as a consequence, they tend to suffer badly from feelings of regret and”fear of missing out”, which affects their overall life satisfaction. Fortunately, a technique appears to tackle the problem. The strategy is known as psychological distancing, which is akin to taking a fly-on-the-wall view of things. There are many ways to apply it. You might imagine you are advising a close friend in a similar dilemma, for example, or you could try to predict how you would view the decision and its consequences at some time in the mid-to-distant future. Previous research has shown that psychological distancing techniques contribute to greater intellectual humility, which encourages people to consider more sources of information before coming to a judgement. This approach can also help us deal with the consequences of our big decisions. When using psychological distancing techniques, people are better able to regulate their emotions— which we must do to process the choices we have made. In addition, discussing life’s disappointments from such a distanced perspective helps us extract meaning from our experiences. That should prevent you becoming immersed in the feelings of regret that can follow stick-or-twist decisions. As everyone knows, Lady Luck won’t work in your favour all the time, no matter how smart your decision making has been. Nevertheless, by applying this psychological research, you can make the most of your hand— and take greater pleasure in the thrill of the game. 32. The author mentions “maximisers” mainly to _______. A. highlight the advantages of maximisers B. bring out a sound way of making choices C. illustrate the difficulty of decision making D. emphasize the value of informed decisions 33. What can be inferred about psychological distancing? A. Intellectual humble people can optimize psychological distancing. B. The increased psychological distance may expose people to a feeling of regret. C. Increasing psychological distance assists in forming a proper view of negative moods. D. Emotional regulation is crucial in the application of psychological distancing techniques. 34. What can we learn from the passage? A. The first choice should be prioritized. B. Resolving a dilemma ensures the chance to win big. C. Stick-or-twist decisions are vital in reshaping people’s future. D. Looking at the bigger picture results in better decision making. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 You’re Not Perfect Imagine that you are feeling down. Someone who loves you wants to help by saying something really affirming. How about “You’ re perfect just the way you are”? That sounds nice! In fact, this is perhaps the most insidious (暗中有害的) thing that people tell us — or that we tell ourselves — when we feel sad or insecure. ____35____ This is called “self-enhancement bias”, and it gives rise to all sorts of distortions (曲解) in perception. Famously, back in the 1980s, research showed that up to 80 percent of motorists considered themselves to have above-average driving skills. Obviously, this cannot be true — even if you persist in believing it about yourself. People also tend to rate themselves more highly on positive moral traits. ____36____ And they tend to rate other people higher on negative traits such as being lazy, cold, and insincere. This is especially true for young and middle-aged adults, who rank themselves as better-than-average on multiple measures. ____37____ Sooner or later, you’re bound to be confronted with a painful adjustment to the truth. For instance, research showed that when college students held an inflated (过高的) view of their own academic ability, it enhanced their mood and positive affect — that is, they enjoyed happier feelings. ____38____ In fact, the students tended to fail at their academic expectations, and that in part led to lower self-esteem over the long term. So we face a dilemma in life: We want to feel better and make others feel better, but people’s tendency to do so through self-enhancement is a short-lived solution with possibly enduring ultimate costs. ____39____ Accepting your imperfections is healthier than trying to convince yourself that they don’t exist. What’s more, treating yourself with this kind of compassion (同情) makes you more compassionate toward others. A. The zone of enjoyment moves up as you increase in skill. B. But that didn’t translate into better academic performance. C. One reason is that it acts as protection against the mental pain. D. Although self-enhancement feels good, it is not a long-term solution. E. They are likely to see themselves as hard-working, honest, and warm. F. We always have a tendency to compare ourselves favorably with others. G. The best way is to emphasize to yourself that you are normal in imperfection. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共10小题；共10分） 阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词或短语。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 40. If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into a successful adult, then I know what I’m doing is ________. (根据句意单词拼写) 41. Most people believe when they are living ________ and earning enough money, they’ll have no worries. (根据句意单词拼写) 42. If your dream is to be the best, you had better be totally ________ to your sport. (根据句意单词拼写) 43. Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for ________.(根据句意单词拼写) 44. ________ exercise also cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%.(根据句意单词拼写) 45. Mr Bean is an internationally ________ comedy character in films. (根据句意单词拼写) 46. Although learning is a gradual and painful process, Helen was so ________ about it. (根据句意单词拼写) 47. Knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more ________ to mankind. (根据句意单词拼写) 48. Readers of the book use their ________ to visualize characters. (根据句意单词拼写) 49. Some public advertisements nowadays aim to make a ________ to society and welfare instead of selling products and services for a profit. (根据句意单词拼写) 第二节（共2小题：第50小题3分，第51小题5分，共8分） 阅读下面文段，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Education goes beyond knowledge; it provides learners with the tools to develop skills, to think for themselves and to continue learning throughout their lives. For example, education can help individuals develop critical thinking skills, which will prevent them from uncritically following traditional ways and will enable them to act based on judgement. 50. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶According to the author, education will discourage individuals from carefully following traditional ways and will help them take action based on judgement. ________________________________________________________________________________ 51. Reflecting on your personal experience, how are you shaped by school education? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 第三节（14分） 52. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校英语社团即将举办英语戏剧比赛。请你给外教Mr Jenson写一封邀请信，请他担任本次活动的评委。邀请信的内容包括本次活动的基本信息以及评委需要做的工作。词数100左右。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 丰台区2024~2025学年度第一学期期末练习 高二英语 2025.01 考生须知 1. 答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 2. 本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3. 请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4. 本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。 笔试（共三部分100分） 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When I was just a kid, my mother would frequently take me to our local community centre to play with my friends. One sunny afternoon, when we were playing outside, one of my friends brought a visiting relative, who clung to (紧紧抓住) his cousin like a shadow, eyes wide with ____1____. He had a speech impediment (障碍) and couldn’t get his mouth to ____2____. He couldn’t even say the name of the town where he lived. I had never seen someone stutter (结巴) like that. I thought he must have been joking, so I ____3____. My friend shot me a concerned glance, but my giggles (咯咯笑) continued. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw my mother looking at me with a(n) ___4___ I’d never seen before. It was a mix of horror, anger, and shame, all focused on me, which stopped my laughing instantly. She waved me over with seriousness that left no room for ____5____. She told me how wrong it was to laugh at someone’s struggle, and how there was never an excuse for such behavior. She asked me to apologize to the boy, give him a hug, and tell him that I love him. My heart ____6____, a mix of regret and fear of my peers’ judgement eating away at me. But my mother’s look, a silent yet powerful force, left me no other option. With trembling steps, I approached the boy and gave him a(n) ___7___ hug. I think I ___8___ him by grabbing him like that, but when he realized that I was trying to hug him, his body relaxed and he hugged me back. “Uh... also, uh... I love you...” I tried to say it as insincerely as I could get away with and half-smiled as I spoke. I was still hugging the boy, so he couldn’t see the unnatural look on my youthful face. But then the boy hugged me tighter and whispered in my ear ____9____, without a stutter and without hesitation. “I love you, too!” There was such softness and _____10_____ in his voice, and just like that, I thought I would start crying. 1. A. nervousness B. determination C. confusion D. amazement 2. A. respond B. move C. recover D. cooperate 3. A. smiled B. laughed C. jumped D. screamed 4. A. manner B. vision C. mood D. expression 5. A. performance B. forgiveness C. improvement D. hesitation 6. A. sank B. beat C. ached D. broke 7. A. soft B. awkward C. formal D. strong 8. A. inspired B. comforted C. shocked D. angered 9. A. proudly B. modestly C. sincerely D. patiently 10. A. confidence B. firmness C. courage D. calmness 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候嘲笑有口吃障碍的男孩，母亲让其道歉并拥抱男孩，最终男孩真诚回应，让作者有所触动的故事。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个阳光明媚的下午，我们在外面玩耍时，我的一个朋友带来了一位来访的亲戚，他像影子一样紧紧跟着他的表哥，眼睛因紧张而睁得大大的。A. nervousness紧张；B. determination决心；C. confusion困惑；D. amazement惊讶。根据前文“one of my friends brought a visiting relative, who clung to (紧紧抓住) his cousin like a shadow”和后文“He had a speech impediment (障碍) and couldn’t get his mouth”可知，这个男孩有口吃障碍，来到新环境会感到紧张，所以紧紧跟着他的表哥。故选A项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他有语言障碍，嘴巴不听使唤。A. respond回应；B. move移动；C. recover恢复；D. cooperate配合。根据前文“He had a speech impediment”可知，男孩有口吃，说明他的嘴巴不能很好地配合发出清晰的声音。故选D项。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为他一定是在开玩笑，所以我笑了起来。A. smiled微笑；B. laughed大笑；C. jumped跳跃；D. screamed尖叫。根据后文“My friend shot me a concerned glance, but my giggles (咯咯笑) continued.”和“She told me how wrong it was to laugh at someone’s struggle”可知，作者因为以为是在开玩笑而大笑起来。故选B项。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从眼角的余光中，我看到母亲正用一种我从未见过的表情看着我。A. manner方式；B. vision视力；C. mood情绪；D. expression表情。根据后文“It was a mix of horror, anger, and shame, all focused on me”可知，母亲脸上呈现出一种复杂的，作者从未见过的表情。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她严肃地招手让我过去，容不得我有丝毫犹豫。A. performance表演；B. forgiveness原谅；C. improvement提高；D. hesitation犹豫。根据前文“She waved me over with seriousness”可知，母亲态度严肃，不允许作者犹豫。故选D项。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心情低落，后悔和害怕同龄人评判的情绪折磨着我。A. sank沮丧，低落；B. beat跳动；C. ached疼痛；D. broke打破。根据前文“She told me how wrong it was to laugh at someone’s struggle, and how there was never an excuse for such behavior. She asked me to apologize to the boy, give him a hug, and tell him that I love him.”和后文“a mix of regret”可知，作者受到批评后意识到自己的错误，感到懊悔，心情变得低落。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我迈着颤抖的步伐，走近男孩，给了他一个尴尬的拥抱。A. soft柔软的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. formal正式的；D. strong强壮的。根据前文“fear of my peers’ judgement eating away at me.”和“With trembling steps”可知，作者害怕被同伴评判，很不情愿，所以这个拥抱是尴尬的。故选B项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想我那样抓住他让他吓了一跳，但当他意识到我是想拥抱他时，他的身体放松了，也回抱了我。A. inspired鼓舞；B. comforted安慰；C. shocked使震惊；D. angered使生气。与下文“but when he realized that I was trying to hug him, his body relaxed”形成对比，作者突然的拥抱让男孩一开始感到震惊。故选C项。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但随后男孩更紧地拥抱了我，真诚地、毫不犹豫地、不结巴地在我耳边低语。A. proudly骄傲地；B. modestly谦虚地；C. sincerely真诚地；D. patiently耐心地。根据后文“I love you, too!”以及前文男孩的表现可知，男孩真诚地回应了作者。故选C项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的声音里充满了温柔和坚定，就在那一刻，我觉得自己要哭了。A. confidence信心；B. firmness坚定；C. courage勇气；D. calmness冷静。根据前文“But then the boy hugged me tighter and whispered in my ear ____ , without a stutter and without hesitation.”可知，男孩毫不犹豫地、不结巴地回应作者“我也爱你”，他的声音温柔而坚定。故选B项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 By sending seeds on short trips into space, China is developing new crop varieties, ____11____ (contribute) to the advancement of agricultural science. This process exposes seeds to cosmic radiation (宇宙辐射), which changes their genes and leads to the creation of new varieties with greater diversity. Since China’s first experiment in August 1987, the country ____12____ (send) seeds from thousands of plant species into space using satellites and spacecraft, ____13____ resulted in the development of nearly 1,000 new plant varieties, including grains, vegetables and fruits. 【答案】11. contributing 12. has sent 13. which 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国通过太空育种培育新作物品种。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：通过将种子送入太空进行短途旅行，中国正在培育新的作物品种，为农业科学的发展做出贡献。本句中已有谓语is developing，所以contribute“贡献”应用非谓语形式，且contribute与其逻辑主语China之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式，作状语。故填contributing。 【12题详解】 考查时态。句意：自1987年8月中国首次进行实验以来，中国已经使用卫星和航天器将数千种植物的种子送入太空，这导致了近1000个新植物品种的培育，包括谷物、蔬菜和水果。根据时间状语Since China’s first experiment in August 1987可知，send“发送”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时have/has done，又因主语the country是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has sent。 【13题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：自1987年8月中国首次进行实验以来，中国已经使用卫星和航天器将数千种植物的种子送入太空，这导致了近1000个新植物品种的培育，包括谷物、蔬菜和水果。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句内容讲的事情，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Chocolate fans will soon be able to create Willy Wonka-style rooms in their house, using a newly ____14____ (develop) chocolate paint. The spreadable “chocolate paint” uses real chocolate. It has been created by paint technicians in Scotland and it can be thinned down by mixing with water. People who choose ____15____ (decorate) their walls with the paint will need to re-do them regularly because the chocolate ____16____ (natural) fades over time as it reacts with oxygen in the air. 【答案】14. developed 15. to decorate 16. naturally 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型巧克力漆的发明及其特性。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：巧克力爱好者很快就能用新开发的巧克力漆在家里打造出威利·旺卡风格的房间。本句谓语为will be able to，此处为非谓语动词，且chocolate paint与develop“研制”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填developed。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：选择用这种油漆装饰墙壁的人需要定期重新粉刷，因为随着时间的推移，巧克力会自然褪色，因为它会与空气中的氧气发生反应。choose to do sth意为“选择做某事”，是固定搭配，所以本空用动词decorate“装饰”的不定式to decorate，作宾语。故填to decorate。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：选择用这种油漆装饰墙壁的人需要定期重新粉刷，因为随着时间的推移，巧克力会自然褪色，因为它会与空气中的氧气发生反应。本空修饰动词fades，作状语，用副词naturally“自然地”。故填naturally。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A young supercycler Aleksandr, who is 11 years old, has raised more than £4,000 ____17____ charity after cycling 217 miles through Switzerland’s mountains. He ____18____ (inspire) to take on this challenge after a recent trip to South Africa with his family, where he saw ____19____ less fortunate people lived. Aleksandr’s money will go towards World Vision UK, a charity that supports children around the world. He said that the cycle was full of ____20____ (difficulty) but he wanted to help improve the lives of other children. 【答案】17. for 18. was inspired 19. how 20. difficulties 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了11岁少年Aleksandr骑行助力慈善的故事。 【17题详解】 考查介词。句意：11岁的年轻自行车高手Aleksandr在骑行穿过瑞士山脉217英里后，为慈善机构筹集了4000多英镑。根据空前raised和空后charity可知，空处需用介词for，构成固定短语raise money for...，意为“为……筹集资金”。故填for。 【18题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：在与家人最近的一次南非之旅后，Aleksandr受到启发，接受了这项挑战，在那里他看到了那些不太幸运的人是如何生活的。根据空前He可知，空处需填谓语动词，且用第三人称单数形式，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时；主语He为单数，与动词inspire之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，填was inspired。故填was inspired。 【19题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：在与家人最近的一次南非之旅后，Aleksandr受到启发，接受了这项挑战，在那里他看到了那些不太幸运的人是如何生活的。设空处引导名词性从句作saw宾语，在从句中作方式状语，用连接副词how，表示“如何，怎样”。故填how。 【20题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：他说，这次骑行充满了困难，但他想帮助改善其他孩子的生活。根据空前of可知，空处需填名词，作宾语，此处表示泛指，且difficulty为可数名词，所以用其复数形式difficulties。故填difficulties。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A United Nations Online Leadership Training Program Event Objectives The United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) is delighted to offer the UN Online Training Program. It aims to offer the global youth the chance to gain first-hand experience of the United Nations and will provide them with the necessary knowledge and skills to fully unfold their potential as global leaders. Participants This program is specially designed for university students, high school students and other ambitious young leaders of similar background. Content and Structure The program consists of a 4-week e-learning course, including 2 different modules (模块), which can be studied in a self-paced manner. Module 1: Leadership Skills Module 2: The Sustainable Development Goals The total number of online courses will be about 5 hours per week. Several 1.5 hour live-webinars (线上研讨会) will be delivered through the e-learning platform by UN experts. Additionally, there will be one 3.5 hour e-workshop per week. Participants have enough chances to exchange views with experts and fellows to gain a thorough understanding of the United Nations. Methodology The program will be run from UNITAR’s e-learning platform, where announcements and relevant links to activities will be posted. The platform will also contain online reading materials, interactive quizzes as well as pre-recorded videos, which participants are free to study anytime. Registration To register, kindly click on one of the links below and follow these steps: 1. On the event page, click on “registration”. The program will then be added to your shopping cart. 2. Click on the “check out” button and choose payment method: (i) credit card or (ii) bank transfer. Additional information The participants are responsible to ensure they are in possession of the basic necessary hardware, software and connectivity to engage in online training activities. 21. Who would be most qualified for the UN Online Leadership Training Program? A. A middle-aged official from a UN member state. B. A staff member employed by the United Nations. C. A university student with an interest in global issues. D. An experienced professional in international relations. 22. In the UN Online Leadership Training Program, participants will _________. A. follow strict learning schedules B. get chances to interact with others C. take the courses for free D. choose modules of their own interest 23. What’s the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce course arrangements. B. To promote an educational program. C. To highlight the impact of the UN program. D. To discuss the importance of leadership skills. 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了联合国在线领导力培训项目。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Participants部分中“This program is specially designed for university students, high school students and other ambitious young leaders of similar background. (该项目专门为大学生、高中生和其他背景相似的有抱负的年轻领导者设计)”可知，该项目的参与对象是大学生、高中生和有相似背景的年轻领导者。C项“对全球问题感兴趣的大学生”符合项目参与对象的设定。故选C项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Content and Structure部分中“Participants have enough chances to exchange views with experts and fellows to gain a thorough understanding of the United Nations. (参与者有足够的机会与专家和同伴交流意见，以全面了解联合国)”可知，在该项目中参与者有机会与他人进行互动交流。故选B项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合Registration部分中“To register, kindly click on one of the links below and follow these steps: (要注册，请点击下面的链接之一并按照以下步骤操作)”可知，文章详细介绍了联合国在线领导力培训项目的各个方面，最后还给出了注册方式，其目的是吸引符合条件的人来参加这个项目，也就是在推广这个教育项目。故选B项。 B My school was nestled in a remote village in central Sri Lanka. When handball was introduced to Sri Lankan schools in 2010,I wanted to bring it to my school. As a new sport, I foresaw it as a golden opportunity for our school as we had never secured a place in traditional sports. A group of boys were immediately interested and 40 students signed up to play. I had the support of their parents but I still couldn’t convince the sports teacher to agree. Ultimately, Heshan, a boy who graduated some nine years earlier, agreed to coach the team. He was a member of a handball team and he assigned exercises and drills to do in his absence. Although handball is an indoor game, we trained outdoors as our school had limited facilities. Training started early in the morning before class and continued after school until it was dark. After three months of wholehearted training, we were able to send the team to compete with 50 other schools at the all-island school handball tournament held in Colombo — the country’s most populous city. Our boys played remarkably well and reached the semifinals. And that was when the real game started. People from Colombo schools joined forces against us, saying they wouldn’t allow the cup to be taken out of Colombo. They considered it a shame to lose a match against boys from a rural village school who couldn’t even speak English. Even the referees favoured the Colombo schools, resulting in our team being far away from the victory we deserved. Defeated, the boys fell to the ground, sad and disappointed. Heshan and I were angry. A few weeks after the defeat, Heshan and I met the national handball coach to discuss our treatment by the referees. He apologised and offered to send a Korean professional handball coach to our school for two weeks’ training. The following year, nobody could stop our team from winning the all-island schools handball championship. Unexpectedly, media attention was drawn to the tournament. A member of the School Handball Association invited me to provide commentary on the tournament in English on a television channel. I found this rather ironic that they chose a teacher from a remote village school to provide commentary in English. Heshan and I were extremely proud to have shown the boys that dreams can be fulfilled. 24. Why did the author introduce handball to his school? A. To improve the students’ sports skills. B. To demonstrate its growing popularity. C. To raise the school’s reputation in sports. D. To secure opportunities for traditional sports. 25. What was the biggest problem the team encountered during the tournament? A. Not gaining fair treatment. B. Not having enough practice. C. Not forming a desired team spirit. D. Not getting enough support from parents. 26. How did the author feel when he was invited to comment on TV channel? A. Confused but grateful. B. Astonished but honored. C. Nervous but confident. D. Embarrassed but fortunate. 27. What can we conclude from this passage? A. Perseverance can be rewarded. B. Innovation is the soul of progress. C. Prejudice is the child of ignorance. D. Crisis may stand in the way of success. 【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在斯里兰卡乡村学校推广手球运动并取得成功的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“As a new sport, I foresaw it as a golden opportunity for our school as we had never secured a place in traditional sports. (作为一项新兴运动，我认为这是我们学校的一个绝佳机会，因为我们从未在传统体育项目中取得过一席之地。)”可知，作者向学校介绍手球是为了提高学校在体育方面的声誉。故选C。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第四段中“They considered it a shame to lose a match against boys from a rural village school who couldn’t even speak English. Even the referees favoured the Colombo schools, resulting in our team being far away from the victory we deserved. (他们认为输给来自连英语都不会说的乡村学校的男生是一种耻辱。甚至裁判也偏袒科伦坡的学校，导致我们离应得的胜利越来越远。)”可知，该队在锦标赛中遇到的最大问题是没有得到公平对待。故选A。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中“A member of the School Handball Association invited me to provide commentary on the tournament in English on a television channel. I found this rather ironic that they chose a teacher from a remote village school to provide commentary in English. (学校手球协会的一名成员邀请我在一个电视频道上用英语对锦标赛进行解说。我觉得这很奇怪，他们竟然选择了一位来自偏远乡村学校的老师用英语进行解说。)”可知，当作者被邀请在电视频道上评论时，他感到惊讶但很荣幸。故选B。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段中“The following year, nobody could stop our team from winning the all-island schools handball championship. (第二年，没有任何人能阻止我们的球队赢得全岛学校手球锦标赛冠军。)”和最后一段“Heshan and I were extremely proud to have shown the boys that dreams can be fulfilled. (Heshan和我为能让这些男生们明白梦想是可以实现的而感到无比自豪。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者向学校介绍手球运动，并带领队伍在不被看好的情况下，通过不懈努力最终赢得锦标赛冠军的故事。因此，我们可以从这篇文章中得出结论：坚持不懈可以得到回报。故选A。 C Beethoven’s notebooks show that he spent countless hours developing and revising the musical ideas. It was a painful and all-consuming process. Beethoven was also the most gifted improviser (即兴演奏者) of his time. He would sit at the piano and create, on demand, beautiful and imposing compositions. Beethoven illustrates two modes of creativity. Most people are familiar with the first type — the creative struggle — from personal experience. But the latter kind — the flow state — is more elusive. Researchers knew little about its inner mechanisms, and this lack of understanding hindered the development of techniques for training flow to boost one’s creative production. In a study at Drexel University’s Creativity Research Lab, we addressed this gap by posing a basic question about the nature of creative flow: Does it involve intense concentration and hyperfocused attention, or does it involve the release of attention and “letting go”? Our study examined flow in the context of jazz improvisation. We recruited 32 jazz guitarists for the study. Some were relative novices, whereas others were highly experienced. We directed them to improvise solos while listening to recorded jazz accompaniments. Notably, the most experienced musicians reported, on average, greater intensity and frequency of flow states. This finding makes sense because it is hard to imagine feeling effortless attention while performing an unfamiliar task. Also unsurprising was that, on average, the judges rated the experts’ improvisations as more creative than the novices’ improvisations. Next, to identify brain regions associated with the flow state, we compared brain activity during high-flow performances with that during low-flow performances. One striking finding was that high-flow performance were associated with reduced activity in the brain’s frontal lobes (大脑前额叶), which are associated with executive function and cognitive control. Then we compared the most experienced musicians with the least experienced ones. The most experienced participants showed activity in a network of brain areas associated with hearing and vision during a flow state — sensory regions that were not activated in the low-experience musicians. So it seems that creative flow can occur when two conditions are met. First, one has to gain expertise by practicing the task enough to develop a specialized brain network for performing that task. Second, one must release conscious control so the specialized network can take over and produce ideas on autopilot, without the performer overthinking what they are doing. The end result might not be like a Beethoven sonata (奏鸣曲). But if you can create it during a flow state, it will be your best work, and you will enjoy the process. 28. What does the word “elusive” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Worthy of practice. B. Attractive to figure out. C. Accessible to achieve. D. Challenging to comprehend. 29. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The subjects of the study. B. A stage of the study. C. An assumption of the study. D. The objective of the study. 30. What can we learn from the study? A. Flow is a state of low cognitive control rather than hyperfocus. B. Flow state helps an inexperienced musician to concentrate easily. C. The brain’s frontal lobes are less active during low-flow performance. D. Hearing and vision networks are activated in less experienced musicians. 31. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain two modes of creativity. B. To present the findings of a study of flow state. C. To illustrate how to enter a state of effortless attention. D. To stress how important it is to create music during a flow state. 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. A 31. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以贝多芬为例引出创造力的两种模式，介绍了德雷塞尔大学关于创造性心流状态的研究过程及结果。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Most people are familiar with the first type — the creative struggle — from personal experience. But the latter kind — the flow state — is more elusive.(大多数人都熟悉源于个人经验的第一种类型——创造性的斗争。但后一种状态——心流状态——更elusive)”和“Researchers knew little about its inner mechanisms, and this lack of understanding hindered the development of techniques for training flow to boost one’s creative production.(研究人员对其内在机制知之甚少，这种理解的缺乏阻碍了训练心流以提高创造力的技术的发展)”可知，与“创造性的斗争”相比，人们对“心流状态”的了解较少，不熟悉，所以它是难以理解的。由此推知，划线词elusive指“难以理解的”，与“Challenging to comprehend”意思相近。故选D项。 【29题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Our study examined flow in the context of jazz improvisation. We recruited 32 jazz guitarists for the study. Some were relative novices, whereas others were highly experienced. We directed them to improvise solos while listening to recorded jazz accompaniments.(我们的研究在爵士即兴演奏的背景下研究心流。我们为这项研究招募了32名爵士吉他手。一些人是相对新手，而另一些人则经验丰富。我们指导他们在听录制的爵士伴奏时即兴演奏独奏)”可知，该段主要描述了让32名爵士吉他手在听录制的爵士伴奏时即兴演奏独奏，这是研究的一个阶段。故选B项。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“Next, to identify brain regions associated with the flow state, we compared brain activity during high-flow performances with that during low-flow performances. One striking finding was that high flow performance were associated with reduced activity in the brain’s frontal lobes (大脑前额叶), which are associated with executive function and cognitive control.(接下来，为了确定与心流状态相关的大脑区域，我们比较了高流状态和低流状态下的大脑活动。一个惊人的发现是，高心流表现与大脑前额叶活动的减少有关，前额叶与执行功能和认知控制有关)”可知，高心流状态下大脑前额叶活动减少，而大脑前额叶与执行功能和认知控制有关，这表明心流状态下，大脑前额叶活动减少，大脑处于一种低认知控制状态，而非高度集中，即心流是一种低认知控制的状态，而不是高度专注的状态。故选A项。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第三段中“In a study at Drexel University’s Creativity Research Lab, we addressed this gap by posing a basic question about the nature of creative flow... (在德雷塞尔大学创造力研究实验室的一项研究中，我们通过提出一个关于创造性心流本质的基本问题来填补这一空白……)”以及最后一段“ The end result might not be like a Beethoven sonata (奏鸣曲). But if you can create it during a flow state, it will be your best work, and you will enjoy the process.(最终的结果可能并不像贝多芬的奏鸣曲。但如果你能在心流状态下创作出它，那将是你最好的作品，而且你会享受这个过程。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于心流状态的研究，包括研究方法、结果和结论，因此文章的主要目的是演示如何进入一种毫不费力的专注状态。故选C项。 D Life, it could be argued, is like a long game of blackjack. In one common version of this, each person is dealt with two playing cards. The aim is for your hand to add to 21, or as close to this as you can get. Player can either “stick” with their existing hand or “twist”— asking to be dealt another card to add to their total. The risk, of course, is that you exceed 21 and are eliminated. This may sound far removed from everyday choices, but many of our most important life decisions boil down to such dilemmas. Should I stay put or take the leap and move house? Should I remain in my job or start my own business? The inherent uncertainty leaves many of us ending up staying in the status quo, never giving ourselves the chance to win big. Perhaps we can learn a trick from “maximisers”: individuals with a strong urge to find the optimal(最佳的)outcome for every situation. They would be more willing to”twist” if their current options aren’t working. And this approach to life certainly has some advantages. For example, among a sample of students looking for work, maximisers ended up getting a 20% higher salary compared with “satisficers”, people who tend to choose the first acceptable option. Nevertheless, in reality there are simply too many options to weigh up the pros and cons of every choice. Natural maximisers can feel so overwhelmed with the options, and they are troubled by the doubt that a superior option might be among those they did not evaluate. Perhaps as a consequence, they tend to suffer badly from feelings of regret and”fear of missing out”, which affects their overall life satisfaction. Fortunately, a technique appears to tackle the problem. The strategy is known as psychological distancing, which is akin to taking a fly-on-the-wall view of things. There are many ways to apply it. You might imagine you are advising a close friend in a similar dilemma, for example, or you could try to predict how you would view the decision and its consequences at some time in the mid-to-distant future. Previous research has shown that psychological distancing techniques contribute to greater intellectual humility, which encourages people to consider more sources of information before coming to a judgement. This approach can also help us deal with the consequences of our big decisions. When using psychological distancing techniques, people are better able to regulate their emotions— which we must do to process the choices we have made. In addition, discussing life’s disappointments from such a distanced perspective helps us extract meaning from our experiences. That should prevent you becoming immersed in the feelings of regret that can follow stick-or-twist decisions. As everyone knows, Lady Luck won’t work in your favour all the time, no matter how smart your decision making has been. Nevertheless, by applying this psychological research, you can make the most of your hand— and take greater pleasure in the thrill of the game. 32. The author mentions “maximisers” mainly to _______. A. highlight the advantages of maximisers B. bring out a sound way of making choices C. illustrate the difficulty of decision making D. emphasize the value of informed decisions 33. What can be inferred about psychological distancing? A. Intellectual humble people can optimize psychological distancing. B. The increased psychological distance may expose people to a feeling of regret. C. Increasing psychological distance assists in forming a proper view of negative moods. D. Emotional regulation is crucial in the application of psychological distancing techniques. 34. What can we learn from the passage? A. The first choice should be prioritized. B. Resolving a dilemma ensures the chance to win big. C. Stick-or-twist decisions are vital in reshaping people’s future. D. Looking at the bigger picture results in better decision making. 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过将生活比作一场二十一点游戏，探讨了人们在面对重要决策时常常陷入的“坚持”与“冒险”之间的抉择。文章指出,像最大化者那样寻求最优解的人往往能获得更好的结果,但也容易因选择过多而感到后悔和不安。为此,文章介绍了一种名为“心理距离”的策略,帮助人们以更客观的视角评估决策,从而减少遗憾感,提高生活满意度。最后,文章强调即使决策不总是完美,运用这些心理学技巧也能让我们更好地享受生活的起伏。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“In addition, discussing life’s disappointments from such a distanced perspective helps us extract meaning from our experiences. That should prevent you becoming immersed in the feelings of regret that can follow stick-or-twist decisions. (也许我们可以从“最大化者”那里学到一招：他们有强烈的冲动去寻找每种情况的最佳结果。)”可知，作者提到“最大化者”主要是给出一种做选择的合理方法。故选B。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In addition, discussing life’s disappointments from such a distanced perspective helps us extract meaning from our experiences. That should prevent you becoming immersed in the feelings of regret that can follow stick-or-twist decisions.(此外，从这样一个遥远的角度讨论生活中的失望有助于我们从我们的经历中提取意义。这应该可以防止你沉浸在坚持或扭曲的决定之后的后悔情绪中。)”可知，增加心理距离有助于形成对负面情绪的正确看法。故选C 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nevertheless, by applying this psychological research, you can make the most of your hand— and take greater pleasure in the thrill of the game.(通过应用这项心理研究,你可以充分利用你的优势--并在游戏的刺激中获得更大的乐趣。)”可知，通过纵观全局可以做出更好的决定。因此,我们可以从这篇文章中学到要看大局才能做出更好的决定。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 You’re Not Perfect Imagine that you are feeling down. Someone who loves you wants to help by saying something really affirming. How about “You’ re perfect just the way you are”? That sounds nice! In fact, this is perhaps the most insidious (暗中有害的) thing that people tell us — or that we tell ourselves — when we feel sad or insecure. ____35____ This is called “self-enhancement bias”, and it gives rise to all sorts of distortions (曲解) in perception. Famously, back in the 1980s, research showed that up to 80 percent of motorists considered themselves to have above-average driving skills. Obviously, this cannot be true — even if you persist in believing it about yourself. People also tend to rate themselves more highly on positive moral traits. ____36____ And they tend to rate other people higher on negative traits such as being lazy, cold, and insincere. This is especially true for young and middle-aged adults, who rank themselves as better-than-average on multiple measures. ____37____ Sooner or later, you’re bound to be confronted with a painful adjustment to the truth. For instance, research showed that when college students held an inflated (过高的) view of their own academic ability, it enhanced their mood and positive affect — that is, they enjoyed happier feelings. ____38____ In fact, the students tended to fail at their academic expectations, and that in part led to lower self-esteem over the long term. So we face a dilemma in life: We want to feel better and make others feel better, but people’s tendency to do so through self-enhancement is a short-lived solution with possibly enduring ultimate costs. ____39____ Accepting your imperfections is healthier than trying to convince yourself that they don’t exist. What’s more, treating yourself with this kind of compassion (同情) makes you more compassionate toward others. A. The zone of enjoyment moves up as you increase in skill. B. But that didn’t translate into better academic performance. C. One reason is that it acts as protection against the mental pain. D. Although self-enhancement feels good, it is not a long-term solution. E. They are likely to see themselves as hard-working, honest, and warm. F. We always have a tendency to compare ourselves favorably with others. G. The best way is to emphasize to yourself that you are normal in imperfection. 【答案】35. F 36. E 37. D 38. B 39. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是“自我增强偏见”，这种心理对人的影响以及如何应对。 【35题详解】 根据后文“This is called “self-enhancement bias”, and it gives rise to all sorts of distortions (曲解) in perception. Famously, back in the 1980s, research showed that up to 80 percent of motorists considered themselves to have above-average driving skills. Obviously, this cannot be true — even if you persist in believing it about yourself.(这就是所谓的“自我增强偏见”，它会导致感知上的各种扭曲。众所周知，早在20世纪80年代，就有研究表明，多达80%的驾车者认为自己的驾驶技术高于平均水平。显然，这不是真的——即使你坚持相信自己是这样)”可知，后文解释了某种现象叫作“自我增强偏见”，且进行了举例，推测空处主要引出后文的概念，解释这种现象的内涵。故F选项“我们总是倾向于把自己和别人比较”符合语境，故选F。 【36题详解】 根据前文“People also tend to rate themselves more highly on positive moral traits.(人们也倾向于在积极的道德品质上给自己更高的评价)”可知，空处承接前文，对于人们给予自己更高的道德品质进行举例说明。故E选项“他们可能认为自己勤奋、诚实、热情”符合语境，故选E。 【37题详解】 根据后文“Sooner or later, you’re bound to be confronted with a painful adjustment to the truth. For instance, research showed that when college students held an inflated (过高的) view of their own academic ability, it enhanced their mood and positive affect — that is, they enjoyed happier feelings.(迟早，你一定要面对一个痛苦的适应真相的过程。例如，研究表明，当大学生对自己的学术能力持有夸大的看法时，它会增强他们的情绪和积极的影响——也就是说，他们会享受更快乐的感觉)”以及后文“In fact, the students tended to fail at their academic expectations, and that in part led to lower self-esteem over the long term.(事实上，这些学生往往无法达到他们的学业期望，这在一定程度上导致了长期自卑)”可知，本段主要说明了大学生自我夸大学术能力会带来积极的影响，但是却导致了长期自卑，说明自我增强感觉并不能持久。故D选项“虽然自我增强感觉很好，但这不是长久之计”符合语境，故选D。 【38题详解】 根据前文“Sooner or later, you’re bound to be confronted with a painful adjustment to the truth. For instance, research showed that when college students held an inflated (过高的) view of their own academic ability, it enhanced their mood and positive affect — that is, they enjoyed happier feelings.(迟早，你一定要面对一个痛苦的适应真相的过程。例如，研究表明，当大学生对自己的学术能力持有夸大的看法时，它会增强他们的情绪和积极的影响——也就是说，他们会享受更快乐的感觉)”以及后文“In fact, the students tended to fail at their academic expectations, and that in part led to lower self-esteem over the long term.(事实上，这些学生往往无法达到他们的学业期望，这在一定程度上导致了长期自卑)”可知，空处与前文构成转折关系，前文提到积极影响，后文则说无法到达学业期望，说明夸大学术能力并不能提高学习成绩，故B选项“但这并没有转化为更好的学习成绩”符合语境，故选B。 【39题详解】 根据前文“So we face a dilemma in life: We want to feel better and make others feel better, but people’s tendency to do so through self-enhancement is a short-lived solution with possibly enduring ultimate costs.(因此，我们在生活中面临着一个两难境地：我们想让自己感觉更好，也想让别人感觉更好，但人们倾向于通过自我增强来实现这一目标，这是一个短暂的解决方案，可能会付出持久的最终代价)”以及后文“Accepting your imperfections is healthier than trying to convince yourself that they don’t exist. What’s more, treating yourself with this kind of compassion (同情) makes you more compassionate toward others.(接受自己的不完美比试图说服自己这些不完美不存在更为健康。更重要的是，用这种同情心对待自己会让你对他人更有同情心)”可知，前文指出了自我增强的缺点，后文提出接受自己的不完美，说明空处是在说明正确的解决办法。G选项中imperfection对应后文imperfections。故G选项“最好的方法是向自己强调，你在不完美中是正常的”符合语境，故选G。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共10小题；共10分） 阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词或短语。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 40. If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into a successful adult, then I know what I’m doing is ________. (根据句意单词拼写) 【答案】worthwhile 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果我作为一名教师所做的事情能帮助像Graham这样的孩子成长为一个成功的成年人，那么我就知道我所做的是值得的。根据If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into a successful adult可知，这样做是值得的，本空表示“值得的”，用形容词worthwhile，作表语。故填worthwhile。 41. Most people believe when they are living ________ and earning enough money, they’ll have no worries. (根据句意单词拼写) 【答案】comfortably 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：大多数人相信，如果他们生活得舒适，且有足够的钱赚取，他们就不会有任何担忧。根据they’ll have no worries可知，本空表示“舒服地”，用副词comfortably，修饰动词living，作状语。故填comfortably。 42. If your dream is to be the best, you had better be totally ________ to your sport. (根据句意单词拼写) 【答案】committed 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你的梦想是成为最好的，你最好全身心地投入到你的运动中。作表语，结合句意“坚定的、尽心尽力的”可知应用形容词committed。故填committed。 43. Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for ________.(根据句意单词拼写) 【答案】concern 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管物种自然灭绝是正常的，但现在这种情况发生的速度令人担忧。根据Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening可知，本空表示“担忧”，用名词concern，作for的宾语。故填concern。 44. ________ exercise also cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%.(根据句意单词拼写) 【答案】Regular 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：定期锻炼还能将患心脏病的风险降低5%。根据句意，表示“定期的”，用形容词regular修饰名词exercise，说明锻炼的性质，“定期锻炼”符合降低患心脏病风险这一语境逻辑；句首单词首字母大写。故填Regular。 45. Mr Bean is an internationally ________ comedy character in films. (根据句意单词拼写) 【答案】recognized 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：Mr. Bean 是国际上知名的电影中的喜剧角色。设空处使用形容词作定语，recognize的形容词为recognized意为“知名的，被认可的”。故填recognized。 46. Although learning is a gradual and painful process, Helen was so ________ about it. (根据句意单词拼写) 【答案】enthusiastic 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然学习是一个渐进而痛苦的过程，但海伦对学习充满了热情。be enthusiastic about对……热心。根据句意，故填enthusiastic。 47. Knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more ________ to mankind. (根据句意单词拼写) 【答案】beneficial 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：知识和理解是值得为之奋斗的；对一个人更重要，对人类更有益。and连接两个并列结构，more后面应填入一个形容词形成固定搭配，与前面的more vital to a man相对应。填入beneficial构成more beneficial to mankind，表示对人类更有益。故填beneficial。 48. Readers of the book use their ________ to visualize characters. (根据句意单词拼写) 【答案】imaginations 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：这本书的读者运用他们的想象力把人物形象化。形容词性物主代词their后接名词在句中作宾语。根据句意，用名词imagination，表示“想象力”，为可数名词。根据句意，用名词的复数形式。故填imaginations。 49. Some public advertisements nowadays aim to make a ________ to society and welfare instead of selling products and services for a profit. (根据句意单词拼写) 【答案】contribution 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：现在一些公共广告的目的是为社会和福利做出贡献，而不是为了利润而出售产品和服务。根据句意“贡献”可知用名词contribution，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填contribution。 第二节（共2小题：第50小题3分，第51小题5分，共8分） 阅读下面文段，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Education goes beyond knowledge; it provides learners with the tools to develop skills, to think for themselves and to continue learning throughout their lives. For example, education can help individuals develop critical thinking skills, which will prevent them from uncritically following traditional ways and will enable them to act based on judgement. 50. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶According to the author, education will discourage individuals from carefully following traditional ways and will help them take action based on judgement. ________________________________________________________________________________ 51. Reflecting on your personal experience, how are you shaped by school education? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】50. According to the author, education will discourage individuals from carefully following traditional ways and will help them take action based on judgement. According to the author, education will discourage individuals from uncritically following traditional ways and will help them take action based on judgement. 51. My school education has significantly shaped me by fostering critical thinking, instilling a love for learning, and teaching discipline. These experiences have guided my career choices and personal growth. School education has also taught me the importance of discipline and perseverance. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了教育的作用以及对个人发展的帮助。 【50题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二句“For example, education can help individuals develop critical thinking skills, which will prevent them from uncritically following traditional ways and will enable them to act based on judgement.(例如，教育可以帮助个人发展批判性思维技能，这将防止他们不加批判地遵循传统方式，并使他们能够根据判断行事)”可知，错误部分为carefully，根据作者的观点，教育将阻止个人不加批判地遵循传统方式，并将帮助他们根据判断采取行动。故答案为According to the author, education will discourage individuals from carefully following traditional ways and will help them take action based on judgement. According to the author, education will discourage individuals from uncritically following traditional ways and will help them take action based on judgement. 【51题详解】 考查开放题。根据“反思你的个人经历，学校教育是如何塑造你的？”可回答：我的学校教育通过培养批判性思维，灌输对学习的热爱和教学纪律，极大地塑造了我。这些经历指导了我的职业选择和个人成长。学校教育也教会了我纪律和毅力的重要性。故答案为My school education has significantly shaped me by fostering critical thinking, instilling a love for learning, and teaching discipline. These experiences have guided my career choices and personal growth. School education has also taught me the importance of discipline and perseverance. 第三节（14分） 52. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校英语社团即将举办英语戏剧比赛。请你给外教Mr Jenson写一封邀请信，请他担任本次活动的评委。邀请信的内容包括本次活动的基本信息以及评委需要做的工作。词数100左右。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Mr. Jenson, I hope this message finds you well. I, Li Hua, a Sophomore from Hongxing High School, am writing to cordially invite you to serve as a judge at our upcoming English Drama Competition organized by our English Club. The event, scheduled on the 15th of this month, aims to foster our language skills and creativity through dramatic performances. Your expertise in English and insights would greatly enrich the judging process. As a judge, you would evaluate the performances based on creativity, language proficiency, and overall presentation. Your presence would be a great honor and motivation for all participants. Looking forward to your positive response. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教Mr Jenson写一封邀请信，请他担任英语戏剧比赛活动的评委。邀请信的内容包括本次活动的基本信息以及评委需要做的工作。 【详解】1.词汇积累 担任：serve as→act as 比赛：competition→contest 真诚：cordially→heartfeltly 荣幸：honor→privilege 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The event, scheduled on the 15th of this month, aims to foster our language skills and creativity through dramatic performances. 拓展句：The event, which is scheduled on the 15th of this month, aims to foster our language skills and creativity through dramatic performances. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I, Li Hua, a Sophomore from Hongxing High School, am writing to cordially invite you to serve as a judge at our upcoming English Drama Competition organized by our English Club. (运用了过去分词作定语) [高分句型2] I hope this message finds you well.(运用了省略that的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $