Unit1 What’s the matter 知识点讲解-2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语下册

2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语下册Unit1 What’s the matter？Section A知识点讲解 一. What’ s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？ What's the matter? Is there something wrong? 怎么了？出了什么事儿吗？ Is something the matter with Bob? He seems very down.鲍勃有什么事儿吧？他好像情绪很低落。 What’ s the matter with you? = What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you?你怎么了？ 【注】matter 和trouble 为名词，其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词wrong是adj.不能加the 【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时, 与介词with连用。即： What’s the matter with sb.? = What’s sb’s trouble? = What’s the trouble with sb.? = What’s up? = What happens to sb.? 在宾语从句中，what’s the matter? What ‘s wrong? 语序不变。 二．matter的用法 名词： 1.  “事情，问题” What’s the matter?        It's a private matter. 这是件私事儿。It's a matter for the police ( to deal with) . 这事须要由警方处理。 That's a matter for you to take up with your boss.这个问题你得去和你的老板进行交涉。 2. matters [复数]事态；当前的状况 And then, to make matters worse , his parents turned up.接着，更糟糕的是，他的父母亲来了。 I decided to take matters into my own hands (= deal with the situation myself) .我决定亲自处理问题。 3. 关于…的问题 同义question ；关乎…的事情 That's not a problem. It's simply a matter of letting people know in time.这没问题。不就是及时通知大家么。 It's a matter of taste . 这只是个爱好问题。 ‘I think this is the best so far. ’ ‘Well, that's a matter of opinion .’ “我认为这是迄今为止最好的。”“唔，仁者见仁，智者见智嘛。” as a matter of fact= in fact 事实上, 实际上 no matter 没关系；不要紧；不重要 no matter who, what, where, etc. 不论…；无论…；不管… They don't last long no matter how careful you are.不管你如何仔细，他们都维持不了很久。 Call me when you get there, no matter what the time is.无论什么时间，你到了那儿就给我打电话。 动词： 事关紧要；要紧；有重大影响 It doesn't matter to me what you do.你做什么我无所谓。 ‘What did you say? ’ ‘Oh, it doesn't matter ’“你说什么？”“噢，没什么。” "Steve, what do you want?" — "Coke, Pepsi, it doesn't matter." “史蒂夫，你要喝点什么？”——“可口可乐，百事，随便啦。” It doesn't matter if you win or lose. 你是赢是输都无所谓。 Does it really matter who did it?是谁干的真的很重要吗？ It didn't matter that the weather was bad.天气不好并没什么影响。 The children matter more to her than anything else in the world.对于她来说，在这个世界上没有比孩子更重要的了。 It doesn’t matter 没关系 ①（用来回答别人道歉时的用语） ②回应对方的谢意的时候，说“没关系“。意思是不客气，小事一件不值得挂牵。 回答 my pleasure也可以用 ③遇到尴尬的场合，别人安慰你，也会说，表示没什么 . "Did I wake you?" — "Yes, but it doesn't matter." “我把你吵醒了？”—“是的，不过没关系。” 三．have a cold 受凉;感冒 = catch a cold  此时 cold 是可数名词，感冒；伤风；着凉 have a/an + 疾病名词 “患……病” (cold/fever/cough) have a sore throat 患喉咙痛 have a sore back 患背痛 have a fever 发烧 have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒 have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache患牙痛 have a headache 患头痛 have a backache患背痛 补充: There’s something wrong with my leg. “我的腿有毛病了。” 四．back 名词：1. n 背；背部 ；后面 on one’s back在某人的背上 2. 脊柱；脊梁骨 She broke her back in a riding accident.她在一次骑马事故中摔断了脊梁骨。 3.后部；后面；末尾 at the back of......在......的后面 The house has three bedrooms at the front and two at the back .房屋正面有三间卧室，后面两间。 4.（文件等的）背面 Write your name on the back of the cheque [tʃek] .把你的名字写在支票背面。 5.（书等的）最后几页，末尾 The television guide is at the back of the paper.电视节目指南在报纸的末尾。 6. （椅子等的）靠背 形容词：1. 背后的；后面的；后部的We were sitting in the back row.我们坐在后排。 back teeth臼齿a back room (= one at the back of a building)后室（位于建筑物后部） the back page of a newspaper报纸最末一页 2.过去的；旧时的 a back number of the magazine一份过期杂志 3. 到期未付的；拖欠的 back pay/taxes/rent欠薪 / 税 / 租金 副词：1. 回原处；恢复原状；go/come back to返回 give back 归还 Please give me my ball back.请把我的球还给我。 She woke up briefly and then went back to sleep.她醒了片刻又睡了。 2.与（某物）有距离The barriers kept the crowd back.障碍物拦住了人群。 Stand back and give me some room.站远点儿，给我腾出些地方。 3.控制住；忍住 He could no longer hold back his tears.他再也无法控制住眼泪。 4.向后；在后；在背面；She stepped back from the door expectantly. 她满怀期待地从门口退了回来。 5. 以前 She left back in November. 她十一月份已经离开了。 That was a few years back.那是几年以前的事。 6. 回报；回答；回应（来信、电话、目光等）call …back 给…回电话 call back回电话;记起（某事） If he kicks me, I'll kick him back.他要是踢我，我就踢他。 Could you call back later, please?请稍后再打电话来好吗？ back and forth 反复来回 back in the day=in the past 过去；从前；旧时 动词：1.（使）后退，倒退 He backed against the wall, terrified他退到墙边，惊恐万分。 2.帮助；支持 Her parents backed her in her choice of career.她父母支持她的职业选择。 5． hand 名词：1. n 手 hand in hand 手拉手Sylvia, camera in hand, asked, 'Where do we go first?' 2.a hand [单数] 帮助；协助Let me give you a hand with those bags (= help you to carry them) . 3.n. 钟表的指针 4. 手工 hand-painted pottery 手绘陶器 This item should be hand washed. 这件物品要用手洗。 by hand手工The fabric was painted by hand.这个织品是手染的。 5.(为…)忙得不可开交;(因…)应接不暇 She had her hands full with her new work.她忙于新的工作。 6. hand in sth角色；作用；影响 Several of his colleagues had a hand in his downfall.他的几位同事对他的下台起了作用。 习语：1.hands up!举手（答问）Hands up all those who want to go swimming.想去游泳的人举手。 hands up! 举手（投降） 2.have your hands full 忙得不可开交；应接不暇 She certainly has her hands full with four kids in the house.家里养着四个孩子，她当然忙得团团转。 3.have your hands tied 受到制约 I really wish I could help but my hands are tied.我的确想帮忙，但却多有不便。 4.hold sb's hand （困难时）给某人支持；拉某人一把 Do you want me to come along and hold your hand?你想让我过去帮你一把吗？ 动词：hand sth to sb=hand sb sth to pass 交给；传递 hand in 上交 hand on 依次传递 hand out 分发 六．. see a dentist and get an x- ray. 看牙医并且拍张x光。 【解析1】see a dentist = go to a dentist看牙医 see a doctor = go to a doctor 看医生 【解析2】X-ray n. X 射线；X 光 七foot 名词：1.（人或动物的）脚，足My feet are aching.我的脚疼。to get/rise to your feet (= stand up)起立 I've been on my feet (= standing or walking around) all day.我一整天没歇脚。 2. 有…脚（或足的）；有…只脚（的）；用…脚（或足的） bare-footed赤脚four-footed四足的 3.（袜子的）足部 4. 最下部；基础；底部the foot of the stairs/page/mountain楼梯底部；页末；山脚 5.英尺（= 12英寸或30.48厘米）a 6-foot high wall 6英尺高的墙 习语：be rushed/run off your feet 忙得不可开交；要做太多的事 fall/land on your feet 特别走运；安然脱离困境；幸免于难 have/keep your feet on the ground 实事求是；脚踏实地 stand on your own (two) feet 自立；独立 When his parents died he had to learn to stand on his own two feet. 他的父母去世后他不得不学会自立。 八neck 名词：1.n.颈；脖子 He tied a scarf around his neck.他脖子上围着围巾。 2. 衣领；领子；领圈 What neck size do you take?你穿多大的衣领？ 3.（物体的）细长部分，颈部 the neck of a bottle瓶颈 neck and neck (with sb/sth) 不分上下，势均力敌 九. rest 名词：1. [单数] the ~ (of sth) 剩余部分；残留；其余 How would you like to spend the rest of the day?后半天你打算怎么过？ Take what you want and throw the rest away.把你想要的拿走，其余的丢掉。 2.[复数] the ~ (of sth) 其余的人；其他事物；其他 The first question was difficult, but the rest were pretty easy.第一个问题很难，但其余的都相当简单。 3.[可数名词, 不可数名词] rest(from sth) 休息时间；睡眠时间 I had a good night's rest.我睡了一宿好觉。 to have/take a rest from all your hard work放下繁重的工作，休息一下 give sth a rest 暂停；暂时不做 动词：1. 休息；放松The doctor told me to rest.医生叫我休息。 Rest your eyes every half an hour.每过半小时让眼睛休息一下。 2.（被）支撑；（使）倚靠；托 His chin rested on his hands.他双手托着下巴。 He rested his chin in his hands.他双手托着下巴。 Rest your head on my shoulder.把头靠在我肩上。 Their bikes were resting against the wall.他们的自行车靠在墙上。 十hurt 动词：1. v. (hurt (使痛 ；受伤; 使受伤) 过去式hurt过去分词hurt My back is really hurting me today.我今天背疼得厉害。 [单独使用的动词]My shoes hurt─they're too tight.我的鞋子太紧，穿着夹脚。 Did you hurt yourself playing soccer? 你踢球的时候弄伤了自己吗? ⑴playing soccer现在分词短语，充当时间状语，是时间状语从句的省略形式， 这句话是did you hurt yourself while you were playing the soccer/ When you played soccer的省略， 相当于： Did you hurt yourself (when) playing soccer? = Did you hurt yourself when ___ _________ soccer? 也可以理解成动词ing做伴随状态，表达一种进行的动作。 ⑵. 某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词 He hurts his leg.他的腿受伤了。 2. v. 表示肉体感到疼痛或不适，使用时应用疼痛的具体部位作主语。 某部位+ hurt(s) My head hurts badly.我的头痛的厉害。 3.v. 使不快；使烦恼 I'm sorry, I didn't mean to hurt you. 对不起，我不是故意伤害你的。 I didn't want to hurt his feelings . 我并没有想伤害他的感情。 4.感到不高兴（或烦恼）I know you're hurting and I want to help you.我知道你心烦，我想帮助你。 5. 对…有不良影响 Many people on low incomes will be hurt by the government's plans. 很多低收入的人将受到政府这些方案的打击。 6.处于困境；手头拮据 His campaign is already hurting for money.他从事的社会运动已经因缺乏经费而难以为继了。 形容词：adj. 受伤的;（感情上）受到伤害的，伤心的 a hurt look伤心的眼神 / 表情 His comrades asked him if he was hurt... 战友问他是否受伤了。 十一. lie 1. v. (lay /lei/ )躺 ；平躺 lie on your back/side/front 仰 / 侧 / 俯卧 lie → lay → lain v 躺下，(现在分词lying ). lie down and rest 躺下休息 2. 被平放 [动词 + 副词或介词短语] Clothes were lying all over the floor. 地板上到处都堆放着衣服。 [动词 + 形容词] The book lay open on his desk. 那本书摊开放在他的书桌上。 3. 处于，保留，保持（某种状态） [动词 + 形容词]Snow was lying thick on the ground.厚厚的积雪覆盖着大地。 I'd rather use my money than leave it lying in the bank.我宁愿把钱花掉也不愿搁在银行里不用。 4.位于；坐落在 The town lies on the coast. 这个小镇位于海滨。 5.伸展；铺展；展开 The valley lay below us.峡谷展现在我们的脚下。 6. lie (in sth) ( 思想、特征、问题等) 存在；在于 The problem lies in deciding when to intervene. 问题在于决定何时介入。 7.（比赛时）名列，排名 Thompson is lying in fourth place. 汤姆森名列第四。 巧记lie和lay 躺 lie, lay, lain,         Lie in bed again; 撒谎 lie, lied, lied,       She lied about her age. tell a lie “说谎” 产蛋 lay, laid, laid,      A hen laid an egg; 十二get off 1. 下车 (反） get on 上车 Never get off while the bus is moving. 2. （使某人）离开，出发，动身 At eight I said 'I'm getting off now.' 8点钟的时候，我说“我现在要出发了。” I told you. Get off the farm. 我告诉过你，离农场远点。 get sb. off: He got the children off to school.他打发孩子们上学去了。 3.别碰，走远点 Get off me, that hurts!别碰我，好痛哟！ 4.（使）入睡 I had great difficulty getting off to sleep.我很难入睡。 They couldn't get the baby off till midnight.他们直到半夜才把婴孩哄睡着。 5.get off(sth.)经允许离开工作；下班Could you get off (work) early tomorrow?你明天可以提早下班吗？ 6.get off sth | get sb off sth （使）停止讨论，不再谈论 Please can we get off the subject of dieting?我们别再谈论节食这个话题行吗？ 7.get sth off邮寄某物I must get these letters off first thing tomorrow.我明天首先得把这些信件寄出去。 get sth. off 使某物离开或移动 I can't get the lid off. 我打不开盖子。 【拓展】与get相关的短语： get up起床 get back回来；取回 get over克服；度过 get on／along well with与…相处融洽 get in a word插话 get to到达 十三off 副词：1. 离开（某处）；（在时间或空间上）距，离 I called him but he ran off.我喊他，可他跑开了。 2. （用以表示除去了某物）He's had his beard shaved off.他把胡子刮掉了。 Take your coat off.脱了外衣吧。 3. 不再会发生；被取消 The wedding is off.婚礼被取消了。 4. 未连接；不工作The water is off.停水了。Make sure the TV is off.请注意关掉电视机。 5.没有；不再供应Sorry, the duck is off.对不起，鸭子卖光了。 6. 下班；休息She's off today.她今天休假。I need some time off .我需要休息一段时间。 I've got three days off next week.我下周有三天休假。 How many days did you take off ?你休了几天假？ 7. 减价的；削价的shoes with $20 off减价20元的鞋 介词：1. 从（某处）落下；离开；（时空上）离，距 I fell off the ladder.我从梯子上跌了下Keep off the grass!勿践踏草坪！ 2. 离开；偏离We live off Main Street.我们住在大街附近。 There's a bathroom off the main bedroom.主卧室旁边有一个卫生间。 3. 从…去掉；从…移开You need to take the top off the bottle first!你得先把瓶盖子打开！ 4. 下班；休息He's had ten days off school.他有十天没上学了。 5. 偏离…价格；削价；杀价They knocked £500 off the car.他们对这辆汽车杀价500英镑。 6.不想；戒除I'm off (= not drinking) alcohol for a week.我有一星期没喝酒了。 He's finally off drugs (= he no longer takes them) .他终于把毒戒了。 形容词：1.不新鲜；变质This fish has gone off.这条鱼已变质了。 The milk smells off.这奶的味道不对劲。 2.不礼貌；不热情；冷淡He was a bit off with me this morning.他今天早晨对我有点冷淡。 十四 thanks to 幸亏；由于；多亏 ⑴thanks to为习语介词,thanks不可以改为thank you，to后接名词、代词及其短语，表示感谢的对象这个短语表示原因，意为“由于”、“多亏” It was all a great success─thanks to a lot of hard work. 由于尽心竭力，这才大获成功。 Everyone knows about it now, thanks to you!多亏了你，现在大家都知道了！ ⑵ thanks for ，意为“因…而感谢”，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或 v-ing 此句型thanks相当于 thank you ， 十五 think about 考虑；认为 think about 和 think of 表示“考虑”、“对……有某种看法”时，可以互换。   They're thinking about（of）buying a new car．他们正在考虑买一辆新车。  What do you think of（about）the film？你认为那部影片怎么样？   2、 think of表示打算、想出、关心等意义，一般不与think about 互换。  Helen，are you thinking of marrying Tom？海伦，你打算和汤姆结婚吗？  Who thought of the idea？谁想出的这个主意？ I can't think of his name．我想不起他的名字。 Lei Feng was always thinking of others．雷锋总是为别人着想。  think of sb/sth as sb/sth 把…看作；把…视为I think of this place as my home.我把这个地方当成了家。 She is thought of as a possible director.人们认为她有可能成为董事。 3、think about表示经常思考、研究的意思，一般不和think of换用。  I'll think about your suggestion，and give you an answer tomorrow．我要考虑一下你的建议，明天给你答复。   4、think over “仔细考虑”。 Think over，and you'll find a way．仔细考虑一下，你就会有办法的。 十六hit v. (过去式hit/过去分词hit/) 动词：1. v. ( 用手或器具）击；打 ~ sb/sth (with sth） ⑴.get hit相当于be hit,受到打击，被打击，hit是过去分词 get hit by a ball “被球击中” ⑵. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位； He hit me on the head with a book.她用书打我的头。 ⑶. hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打较软的部位。 The ball hit him in the face. 2. v. 碰撞；撞击（造成损伤） The bus hit the bridge. 公共汽车撞到了桥上。 3. v. 使（身体部位）碰上（某物）~ sth (on/against sth) He hit his head on the low ceiling. 他的头碰了低矮的天花板。 4. v. 击中；命中；袭击 The town was hit by bombs again last night. 这个镇子昨晚又一次遭到了轰炸。 5.击（球）She hit the ball too hard and it went out of the court.她用力过猛，把球打出了场外。 6.产生不良影响；打击；危害 His death didn't really hit me at first. 他的死起初并没有对我产生影响。 7.到达（某地）The President hits town tomorrow.总统明天到镇子上来。 Follow this footpath and you'll eventually hit the road.沿着这条小路走，终会走上大路。 8. 达到（某水平） Temperatures hit 40˚ yesterday.昨天气温高达40度。 9.遇到困难；经历不愉快的事情 We seem to have hit a problem.我们似乎遇到了问题。 Everything was going well but then we hit trouble.原本一切都进行得很顺利，但后来我们遇到了麻烦。 10.使突然想起 I couldn't remember where I'd seen him before, and then it suddenly hit me. 起初我想不起以前在哪里见过他，后来猛然记起来了。 11.按，压（按钮等） Hit the brakes!踩刹车！ hit (it) big 很成功The band has hit big in the US.乐队在美国大获成功。 hit it （要某人开始做某事，如演奏音乐）开始吧Hit it, Louis!开始吧，路易斯！ 名词 n. ⑴ 打；击;命中；击中 n. ⑵ 成功而轰动（或风行）一时的事物（如唱片、电影或戏剧）或人 The song became a hit in 1945 in this city. 这首歌1945年在这座城市风靡一时。 She played all her old hits.她演奏了她所有曾轰动一时的老曲子。 a hit record/single风靡一时的唱片 / 单曲唱片 十七trouble 名词：. (总称：不可数；具体：可数) 1. 问题；忧虑；困难；苦恼We have trouble getting staff.我们在招聘雇员方面有困难。 2.疾病；疼痛 back trouble背痛 I've been having trouble with my knee.我一直膝盖痛。 3.（机器、车辆等的）故障 mechanical trouble机械故障 4. 困境；险境；可能受到批评（或处罚）的情形； If I don't get this finished in time, I'll be in trouble .我如不按时把这完成就要倒霉了。 He's in trouble with the police.他犯事落入了警察的手里。 My brother was always getting me into trouble with my parents.以前我弟弟经常连累我遭父母的责难。 5.纷争；动乱；骚乱The police were expecting trouble after the match.警方预料比赛后会有骚乱。 6.额外努力（或工作）；烦扰；打扰；麻烦 I don't want to put you to a lot of trouble .我不想给你添很多的麻烦。 I'll get it if you like, that will save you the trouble of going out.如果你愿意的话我去取，省得你还得出去。 ⑴ get into trouble造成麻烦（或烦恼）；陷入麻烦 be in trouble 处于困境中 He's in trouble with the police. 他犯事落入了警察的手里。 If I don't get this finished in time, I'll be in trouble . 我如不按时把这完成就要倒霉了。 ⑵ have trouble （in) doing sth做某事有困难 have trouble with sth.在某方面有麻烦 I had trouble parking... 我停车有困难。 动词：. v.1. 使苦恼;使烦恼;使忧虑；费神；麻烦 Is anything troubling you?有什么事情让你烦恼吗？ He was troubled by the lifestyle of his son. 他对儿子的生活方式感到很担心。 2. 劳驾；费神；麻烦 Sorry to trouble you, but could you tell me the time? 对不起打扰您一下，请问几点了？ 3. 使疼痛；折磨 My back's been troubling me again.我的背又在一直疼了。 十八 away from 1. 指从...离开 I ran away from home when I was sixteen. 我16岁的时候离家出走了。 2. away from用于表示确切的距离（此时不用far），away可省略，但如果 句子不带from短语，则不能省。如： He lives two miles (away) from here. 他住的地方离这儿有两英里远。 He lives two miles away. 他住在两英里远的地方。 3. get away from和keep away from都有远离的意思，但get away from一般是指人主观上的动作，而keep away from常译为“使……远离”。另外，keep还表示动作有持续性。 e.g. He keeps away from wine. 他不沾酒。Keep the children away from the fire. 让孩子离火远一点。 stay away from=keep away from 　 　离 ... 远点； 躲避 ... Why did you stay away from school? 你为什么缺课? Tell him to stay away from my sister! 叫他离我妹妹远点儿！ 十九get into 1. （尤指费力地）穿上I can't get into these shoes─they're too small.这双鞋太小，我穿不进去。 2. 开始从事某职业What's the best way to get into journalism?进入新闻界的最佳途径是什么？ 3. 参与，开始（某事）get into a fight参与斗殴 I got into conversation with an Italian student.我与一位意大利学生谈了起来。 4. 养成某种习惯；习惯于Don't let yourself get into bad habits.别让自己染上恶习。 The children got into the bad habit  of staying up .孩子们养成了熬夜的坏习惯 5. 对…产生兴趣I'm really getting into jazz these days.我最近真的开始喜欢爵士乐了。 6. 开始熟悉；学会I haven't really got into my new job yet.我还未真正熟悉我的新工作。 7.．使（某人）陷入 You will get into trouble if you don't follow my advice. 你若不听从我的劝告，你会陷入困境。 get into 作为以上意思时，也可以接宾语， You will get me into trouble if you don't follow my advice. 你若不听从我的劝告，你会将我陷入困境。 Try not to get your father into a temper tonight. 今晚别惹你爸爸发脾气。 8．进入How did the thieves get into the house？这些窃贼怎么进入室内的？ 二十 free 形容词 1.免费的 What I did for you was free, you understand? 我为你所做的一切都是免费的，无偿的，你明白吗？ 2. 随意的;不必拘谨的You are free to come and go as you please. 你来去自由。 Can I use the phone?---Please, feel free (= of course you can use it) .’“我能用一下电话吗？”“请便吧。 3. 自由的（不是囚犯或奴隶）He walked out of jail a free man . 他获释出狱，成为自由人。 4. 没有安排活动的；空闲的If Sarah is free for lunch I'll take her out. 如果萨拉有空吃午饭，我就带她出去吃。 动词 1.使摆脱;使去掉~ sb./sth./yourself (from sth.) She struggled to free herself. 她挣扎着以求脱身。 2. 释放；使自由~ sb. (from sth.)Three people were freed from the prison. 有三人被救出监狱。 3. 使能腾出时间Winning the prize freed him to paint full-time. 获奖使他能腾出时间整天作画。 Unit1 Section B 知识讲解与练习 一press ◆1., vt. 压；按；推 He pressed the doorbell. 他按了门铃。 "Just press this button, and you'll start the machine." 只要按一下这个按钮便可启动这台机器了。 ◆2. vt.熨；熨平 I've pressed your trousers with the iron. 我用熨斗熨了你的裤子。 ◆3. vt.催促；催逼；敦促： They are pressing us to make a quick decision.他们正在敦促我们迅速做出决定。 ◆4. vt.press on 继续进行 Let's press on with our work. 让我们加紧工作吧。 ◆ 5. n. 印刷机，印刷厂出版社； 二 sick /ill adj. 生病的 ◆1. sick adj.“（身体或精神）生病的，有病的，不舒服的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语， 也可放n.前作定语。sick person = patient“病人” She is looking after her sick father .她在照顾她生病的父亲。 ◆2. ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语， ill → illness n.“病；疾病” "病人"可以说a sick man 或He is sick, 但不能说an ill man  ill 作定语修饰名词时是"坏的；邪恶的"之意。如：He is an ill man. 他是一个邪恶的人。 做表语“生病的”,两者可以互换 be ill in hospital 生病住院 She is ill / sick in bed. 她卧病在床。  　◆3. 补充：sick 有"恶心的；厌倦的"之意。 如：The smell makes me sick.这气味使我感到恶心。 be sick of sb/sth/of doing sth“讨厌；厌恶……” I'm sick of the way you've treated me. 你对待我的那一套我都厌倦了。r We're sick of waiting around like this.这么等来等去，我们感到很腻味。 sick构成复合词:Seasick 晕船 airsick晕机 carsick晕车  He is the boy who/that often helps me. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语 三．knee 1.膝；膝盖；膝关节 He went down on one knee and asked her to marry him.他单膝跪下向她求婚。 She was on her knees scrubbing the kitchen floor.她趴在厨房里跪着刷洗地板呢。scrub [skrʌb] 2.（裤子的）膝部These jeans are torn at the knee.这牛仔裤膝盖那儿破了。 (torn [tɔ:n] v.撕（ tear的过去分词）; 扯裂; 破损;) 3.（坐下时）大腿朝上的面Come and sit on Daddy's knee.来坐在爸爸腿上。 四．use ◆(1) use v.使用→useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完 ( ) 1. Studying English is__________(use). ◆(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事 ( ) 2. We use Internet __________(find) information. ◆(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。 I used to get up at six. ◆(4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 ( ) 3. My grandpa is used ___________(live) in country.  He is used to taking risks. 他习惯冒险 ◆ (5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth ( ) 4. Stamps is used ____________(post) letters. 【记】 He used to wear glasses . But now he is used to wearing contact lenses. 他以前常戴（框架）眼镜，但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。 ( ) 5. –How does Jack usually go to work? —He ______ drive a car, but now he ______ there to lose weight. A. used to; is used to walk B. was used to; is used to walking C. was used to; is used to walk D. used to; is used to walking ( ) 6. My parents getting up early on weekdays A. used to B. be used to C. was used to D. are used to ( ) 7. She ___ live with her grandparents , but she doesn’t now. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to ( )8.She ____ live alone. But she _____ living alone because she feels lonely. A. used to; doesn’t used to B. is used to; was used to C. used to; is not used to D. was used to; doesn’t used to 五.breathe ◆1.vi. 呼吸；低语；使喘息；流露；低声说/[ 过去式 breathed 过去分词 breathed 现在分词breathing He was breathing hard when he finished the race. 赛跑结束时，他不停地大口喘气。 ◆2. breath n.呼吸，气息；瞬间，瞬息；微风/ / catch/ hold one’s breath 屏息；憋住气 out of breath 上气不接下气 白费唇舌 waste one’s breath The tone of her voice told him he was wasting his breath. 她的语气使他明白他是在白费口舌。 六.sunburned 1. adj. 晒黑的；日灼的v. 晒伤（sunburn的过去分词）；晒黑/ sunburn n.晒伤；晒黑；晒红 v. 晒黑；[皮肤] 晒斑/ 七. burn vi. /vt. burnt/ burned burnt /burned ◆1. 燃烧；烧着；使燃烧。Straw burns easily. 稻草易燃。 The wood is wet, so it won’t burn. 木头潮湿，所以点不着。 ◆2. 烧毁；晒黑；烫伤My cheeks tend to burn easily. 我的脸容易晒黑。 The coffee is hot, be careful not to burn your mouth. 咖啡很热，小心烫嘴。 His greatest fear is of being burnt alive . 他最怕的是被活活烧死。 The house burned to the ground . 房子被大火夷为平地。 Ten people burned to death in the hotel fire. 旅馆火灾中有十人被烧死。 八  take risks=take a risk 冒险 名词risk 危险；风险◆1.    take risks=take a /the risk 冒险 He took the risk climbing the big tree. 他冒险爬上了大树 ◆2. take risks/take a/the risk (of ) doing sth. 冒险做某事 I don't want to take the risk (of) trying this. (=I don't want to risk trying this.)我不想冒险去尝试 ◆3. at the risk of 冒…之险；不顾… He decided to get there even at the risk of his life．他决心到那里去，即使是冒生命危险也在所不惜。 ◆at risk 在危险中 at all risks (=at any risk) 无论冒什么危险; 无论如何 动词：risk v. 冒…的危险；冒险干 You risked your life to save the children. 你冒着生命危险去救那些孩子。 risk doing冒险做某事They risked losing their jobs. 他们冒着失去工作的风险。 九.accident  1.（交通）事故；意外遭遇；不测事件 have an accident出事故 Six passengers were killed in the accident. 六名乘客在车祸中丧生。 2.意外；偶然的事Their early arrival was just an accident.他们早到仅仅是偶然而已。 by accident  偶然，意外    I met Jack by accident in the cinema. 十. situation  1.情况 情况；状况；形势；局面  He is in a very dangerous situation. He could see no way out of the situation.他找不到摆脱困境的出路。 In your situation, I would look for another job.假如我是你的话，我会另找工作。 2. (建筑物、城镇的)位置,环境The garden is in a beautiful situation. 这座花园环境十分优美。 3.职业；工作岗位 十一rock 名词：1.岩石;石头 Rock is the hard substance which the Earth is made of. The hills above the valley are bare rock... 山谷上方的小山全是光秃秃的石头。 2.巨石;岩石;礁石 She sat cross-legged on the rock. 她盘腿坐在那块巨大的岩石上。 3.石块;小石头;石子 She bent down, picked up a rock and threw it into the trees. 她弯腰捡起一块石子，扔进了树丛中。 4. 摇滚乐a rock band/star摇滚乐队 / 明星 5.可信赖的人；靠山He is my rock.他是我的主心骨。 动词：1.（使）轻轻摇晃，缓缓摆动The boat rocked from side to side in the waves.小船在波浪中摇荡。 He rocked the baby gently in his arms.他抱着孩子轻轻摇晃。 2. 惊吓；使震惊；使害怕The news rocked the world.这则消息震惊了全世界。 3.（使）剧烈摇摆，猛烈晃动The town was rocked by an earthquake.小镇受到地震的剧烈震动。 4.随摇滚乐跳舞；跳摇滚 5.很好；棒极了Her new movie rocks!她的新电影棒极了！ 习语：rock the boat捣乱；惹麻烦 She was told to keep her mouth shut and not rock the boat.有人叫她闭嘴，不要招惹是非。 十二run out of =use up 用完 【区别】：run out of 用完; 耗尽; 从…跑出;其主语通常是人 1. They have run out of ideas. 他们已经想不出任何办法了。 2. He has run out of food; his children are hungry. 他家揭不开锅了, 孩子们都等着吃饭. run out其主语通常是物；“事物耗尽；结束；用完”不用于被动语态。 ①、Our patience is running out. ②、The food will run out within a week. ③、The novel are running out 小说已经售完。 十三.cut off ①、He had his finger cut off in an accident at work.(切掉；割掉；砍掉；剪掉) ②、The new factory cuts off our view of the hills.新建的工厂挡住了我们观山景的视线。(阻碍；阻挡) ③、They were cut off for not paying their phone bill.他们未付电话费，被停机了。(停止；中断) ④、My explanation was cut off by a loud voice.(打断) ⑤、He cut his son off without a penny.他完全剥夺了儿子的继承权。(剥夺继承权) ⑥、She feels very cut off living in the country.她住在乡间感到很闭塞。 He cut himself off from all human contact.他断绝了与所有人的联系。(使…与外界隔绝) 十四.blood ◆1. n. 血，血液；血统(不可数名词) She lost lots of blood in the accident. 她在事故中失了很多血。 They are not of the same blood.他们并非同宗。 ◆2. bleed v.流血；渗出；悲痛 vt.使出血；bleeding n.出血；渗色 Your nose is bleeding. 你的鼻子在流血。 nosebleed n. 鼻出血 十五mean 形容词.[adj]吝啬的，小气的；刻薄的，不友善的；熟练的，出色的 ①、She’s always been mean with money. ②、He is very mean and never gives anything to anyone. 动词.[v]mean-meant-meant 1.- mean可以用作及物动词，意为：意思是，本意是； 打算；意欲；有…的目的计划。如 What does … mean? ....是什么意思？ What does this word mean? What do you think …means? What do you mean by doing sth? What did she mean by leaving so early (= why did she do it) ?她为什么这么早就走了？ He means what he says (= is not joking, exaggerating, etc.) .他说话是当真的。 Don't laugh! I mean it (= I am serious) .别笑！我是认真的。 Don't be angry. I'm sure she meant it for the best (= intended to be helpful) . 别生气了。我相信她是真心想要帮忙的。 He means trouble (= to cause trouble) .他存心捣乱。 She means to succeed.她一意求成。 I'm sorry I hurt you. I didn't mean to .对不起，弄疼你了。我不是故意的。 [动词 + 名词短语 + 带to的不定式] I didn't mean you to read the letter.我没打算让你看那封信。 2. mean sb for sth | mean sb to be sth 想要某人成为；想要某人去做 I was never meant for the army .我根本就不是块当兵的料。 His father meant him to be an engineer.他父亲想让他当工程师。 3.mean doing sth. / mean that+从句的意思是“意味着(必须要做某事或导致某种结 果)”，其主语通常是指事物的词. ①、Being a student means studying hard. 作为一个学生，(意味着)你要努力学习。 ②、Success means working hard. 成功意味着工作努力。 - mean to do sth. 的意思是“打算或有意做某事”, 其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词。 ①、What do you mean to do with it? 你打算把它怎样处理? ②、We mean to call on you tomorrow. 我们打算明天看望你。 4.mean sth to sb 对某人重要（或有价值） Your friendship means a great deal to me.你的友谊对我来说是很珍贵的。 Money means nothing to him .金钱对于他来说毫无价值。 Her children mean the world to her .她的孩子就是她的一切。 十六.get out of 1.离开，从……出来; I could hardly wait to get out of there. 我迫不及待地要离开那里。 Get out of bed, you fat slob! 起床吧，你这个胖懒虫！ 2.（责任或义务） He trie to get out of paying his share of the bill. 他试图逃避支付账单上他那一份儿. We promised we'd go─we can't get out of it now.我们答应过要去的——现在我们不能食言。 I wish I could get out of going to that meeting.但愿我能不去参加那个会。 3.放弃，戒除，抛弃（习惯） I can't get out of the habit of waking at six in the morning.我早上六点钟醒的习惯改不了。 4. 从…中获得（有益的东西） She seems to get a lot out of life.她似乎从生活中获益良多。 He always gets the best out of people.他总能使人发挥最大的潜力。 【拓展】与get 相关的短语： get up起床  get to到达   get back 返回 get on 上车   get off  下车 get on with 与……友好相处； 十七 control   名词：1.（对国家、地区、机构等的）管理权，控制权，支配权 The city is in the control of enemy [ˈenəmi] forces.[fɔːs]那座城市现处于敌军的控制之下。 The city is under enemy control .那座城市现处于敌人的控制之下。 2.[不可数名词] ~ (of/over sb/sth) 控制（或操纵）能力、权力 The teacher had no control over the children. 那位老师管不住学生。 She lost control of her car on the ice. 她在冰上开车失去了控制。 3. 限制；限定；约束；管理；管制 traffic control交通管制 be in control of 掌握，管理 Nobody knows who is in control of the club. 4.（机器或车辆的）操纵装置，开关，按钮 the controls of an aircraft飞机的操纵装置 be/get/run/etc. out of control 无法管理；失去控制 The children are completely out of control since their father left.这些孩子自他们的父亲离开后就无法无天了。 动词：1. 指挥；控制；掌管；支配By the age of 21 he controlled the company.他21岁就掌管了公司。 2. 限制；限定 Parents should control what their kids watch on television.父母应该限定孩子看什么样的电视节目。 3. 操纵，控制（机器或系统等） The traffic lights are controlled by a central computer.交通信号灯由中心计算机控制。 4. 抑制；克制He was finding it difficult to control his feelings.他觉得很难克制住自己的感情。 十八spirit 1.精神；心灵 the power of the human spirit to overcome difficulties人类克服困难的精神力量 2.[复数] 情绪；心境to be in high/low spirits情绪高 / 低 You must try and keep your spirits up (= stay cheerful) .你必须设法保持高昂的情绪。 3.[可数名词] (总是与形容词连用) （某种类型的）人 a brave spirit勇敢的人 4.[不可数名词] courage, determination or energy 勇气；志气；意志；活力 Show a little fighting spirit .要表现出一点斗志。 They took away his freedom and broke his spirit.他们夺去了他的自由，摧垮了他的意志。 5.[单数] 心态；态度 ‘OK, I'll try. ’ ‘ That's the spirit (= the right attitude) . ’“好吧，我来试试。”“这就对了。” 6.[单数] 本质；精髓；基本精神；时代精神 The exhibition captures [ˈkæptʃə(r)] the spirit of the age/times .这个展览会抓住了时代精神。 7. 真实意义；实质 Obey the spirit, not the letter (= the narrow meaning of the words) of the law.要依照法律的精神实质，而不是字面意思。 8.灵魂；鬼魂；幽灵 He is dead, but his spirit lives on.他死了，但他的灵魂将永存。 9.[可数名词]仙子；小精灵；小妖精 十九give up 放弃 1.放弃; 投降; 把…让给; 戒除; I give up─tell me the answer. 我放弃了，把答案告诉我吧。 They gave up without a fight. 他们不战而降。 One of the men with him gave up his place on the bench. 他的一个同伴将长椅上的位子让了出来。 Smokers who give up before 30. 30岁以前戒烟的人 注意：give up sth. 放弃某物 sth. 为代词时用 give sth. up give up doing sth=stop doing sth 放弃做某事 He is thinking of giving up teaching. 他在考虑辞去教书的工作。 2.give sb up (1) 对某人的到来（或康复、能否找到等）不再抱有希望 There you are at last! We'd given you up.你终于来了！我们都以为你不来了呢。 give sb up (2)与某人断绝关系；不再与某人交往 Why don't you give him up?你为什么不与他一刀两断呢？ 3. 把（本该做其他事的时间）耗费于 I gave up my weekend to help him paint his apartment.我耗费了一个周末帮他粉刷房间。 4.give sth↔up (to sb) 把…交给（或让与） He gave up his seat to an old man .他把座位让给了一位老人。 5.give yourself/sb up (to sb) 自首；投案；投降 After a week on the run he gave himself up to the police.他逃跑一周后向警方投案自首了。 二十put on 1.put sb on 让某人听电话 Hi, Dad─can you put Nicky on?您好，爸爸。您让尼基接电话好吗？ 2.- 把…放上去Please put the kettle on.请把水壶放上去 3. 穿上；戴上Hurry up! Put your coat on!快点！把外衣穿上！ 4. 抹；搽；擦；涂She's just putting on her make-up.她正在化妆呢。 5.开动；发动；使运行She put on the brakes suddenly.她突然踩了刹车。 6. 播放（激光唱片、磁带等）Do you mind if I put some music on?我放点音乐你不介意吧？ 7. 增加体重（若干）；发胖She looks like she's put on weight .她似乎发胖了。 8. 专门提供 The city is putting on extra buses during the summer.今年夏天，这城市将额外增开公共汽车。 9. 举办；上演；展出The actor put on a fine performance．这位演员的表演非常精彩。 The senior class put on a dance．高年级学生举行了一次舞会 10. 装作；假装He put on an American accent.他假操着一口美国腔。 I don't think she was hurt. She was just putting it on .我想她没有受伤。她只是在装样子。 比较：◆. put on“穿上；戴上”（表动作，+衣帽等） ◆.wear“穿着；戴着”（表状态，＋衣帽等） ◆.dress“给……穿衣服”（＋人） dress sb. “给某人穿衣服” dress oneself “给自己穿衣服” ◆.(be) in “穿着”（表状态，＋衣服/颜色） The girl ____ red is his daughter. 二十一nurse 名词：1.护士 student nurses实习护士 2.（旧时雇主家中的）女保育员，保姆，女仆 动词：1. 看护，照料（病人或伤者）She nursed her daughter back to health .她照料女儿恢复了健康。 2. 调治，调养（伤病）You'd better go to bed and nurse that cold.你最好上床睡觉，把感冒治好。 3.怀抱；怀有；心藏 to nurse an ambition [æmˈbɪʃn] 心怀壮志 4. 培育；培养；悉心照料 to nurse tender young plants悉心照料嫩苗 5. 搂抱；小心抱着 He sat nursing his cup of coffee.他坐在那里小心翼翼地捧着他那杯咖啡。 6. 喂奶；哺育 a nursing mother正在喂奶的母亲 13 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$