专题10 构词法(精讲册)-【练客中考】2025年贵州英语总复习新思路（仁爱版）

贵州新中唐美语特讲册 专题十构词法 [其他市、州：语法填空：每年2~3道] 核心考点精讲练 命题点》派生法[其他市、州：语法填空：每年2 。考向2后缀（后缀多数改变词性）[其他市、州： 3道] 语法填空：每年2-3道] 在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成 类型 后缀 示例 新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。加在单词前的词 rain-rainy luck-lucky 缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。 y health-→healthy wealth→wealthy 一考向1前缀（前缀一般只改变词的意思而不 改变其词性)》 love→lovely y friend→+friendly 1.表否定意义的前缀 danger-dangerous 前缀 示例 humor-→humorous able→unable usual-unusual un- -ful use-useful care-careful happy-→unhappy 名词 helphelpful →形 -less词义与 use-useless in- correct-incorrect expensive-inexpensive 容词 加-ul时相反 care→careless polite-→impolite patient-→impatient im- west-wester possible-→impossible -ern south-southern like→dislike appear-→disappear gold→golden dis- -en agree-disagree honest-dishonest wood→wooden nation→national non- smoker-non-smoker native-non-native -al tradition-traditional 2.其他 fool-foolish -ish child-→childish 前缀 含义 示例 art-artist pianopianist understand-misunderstand -ist tour-tourist mis- 错误 lead-mislead science-+scientist view-review build-→rebuild child-→childhood -hood re- 再：又，重复 neighbor-neighborhood write-rewrite 名词 leader-→leadership 相互；交互 net-Internet → -ship friend-→friendship inter- 在一起 名词 national-international China-Chinese -ese 处于…状live→alive Japan-Japanese a- 态或过程中 wake-awake Australia-Australian -n,-an,-ian Europe-→European rich→enrich music-musician en- 使可能 able-enable teach→teacher courage→encourage -er,-or,-(r)ess win->winner act→actor 动词 visit-visitor wait-waitress 远的； phone→+telephone paint-→painting tele- 电视的； vision-television 名词 -ing build-→building 电话的 control-telecontrol cro3s→crossing 142 专题十构阔流贵州新中粤 -ment develop→development 3.People in that city prepared to 动词 invite-+invitation (build)their houses after the terrible flood -(t)ion/-sion/ 名词 去e加-ation decide-→decision 4.Although he has some advan- discuss-→discussion tage),the teacher still encourages him a lot. comfort-comfortable -able 5.Mozart was one of the most famous enjoy→enjoyable (music)in the world. act-active 动词 (去e加)-(t)ive create-creative 6.The Maglev(磁悬浮列车) (able) →形 us to get to the international airport in about 容词 -(e)d surprise-→surprised interest-interested eight minutes. 7.The future is (certain).No one knows (去e加)-ing interest-interesting excite-→exciting what will happen tomorrow.So live for now! y safe→safety 8.With the money,we have suc- ill→illness sad→sadness cess)sent many poor children to school. -ness kind→kindness 9.Some insects are (harm)and we happy→happiness should try to protect them. (-le变)-(l)ity able→ability real-→reality 形容 10.It's very kind of you to help me with my English possible-possibility 词+ with great (patient). 名词 important-importance -ce(以t结尾去 silent-→silence 11.I am afraid she will refuse my t再加-ce) different-difference (invite)because we don't know each other well. -th true→truth warm→warmth 12.He was quite (humor),and I foreign→foreigner liked that about him. -(e)r strange-stranger 13.Your suggest)is of great value real→really y and is really worth taking.Thank you so much! fnal→finally 14.Mr.Wind was so proud that he thought he was 以“辅音字母+happy-→happily more (power)than Mr.Sun. y”结尾，变y为i angry-→angrily 形容 再加-y 15.To our (excited),our school team heavy→heavily won the basketball match again this time! 词→以“辅音字母+simple-→simply 副词le”结尾，去掉e terrible-→terribly Ⅱ.语法填空 再加y comfortable-comfortably As a Canadian,I have been very 16. 以Ⅱ结尾，只加yful→fuly (interest)in Chinese since I was very young.At 少数以e结尾， the age of 12,I entered a Chinese writing 17. 要去掉e再加-y true→truly (compete）.I tried18. (real)hard 针对练习 but I failed to win a prize.It was such a huge chal- lenge to learn Chinese that I lost 19. I.用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1.The family are having a (discuss) (confident)in myself. about how to help the homeless cats in the neigh- One day,a book named Journey to the West borhood. caught my eyes.In the book,the Monkey King 2.The man who has made up his mind to win will needs to borrow a fan to cross the Mountain of never say“ (possible)”. Flames.Although he fails twice,he doesn't give up 143 贵州新中唐美待特讲册 and 20. final)makes it. 形容词/副词+good-looking漂亮的 Since I was 21. strong)encour- 动词-ing形式hard-working工作努力的 aged by the Monkey King,I kept working hard on 名词+动词过 man-made人造的 22 China).Still,I have met some 合成 去分词 heart-broken心碎的 problems on the way,but I have found learning 形容 数词+名词 second-hand二手的 词 Chinese is an 23. excite)challenge 数词+名词 for me.Last week,I was given the third prize in a 10-metre-long10米长的 +形容词 Chinese writing competition.I wasn't the best one 动词+副词 take-away外卖的 in the competition,but I learned to face challenges 合成 upstairs在楼上 24. (brave). 副词+名词 副词 downstairs在楼下 The journey of learning Chinese is like climb- outside在…外面 ing towards the mountain top,sometimes up,some- 介词+名词 合成 inside在…里面 times down.The experiences can bring me pain, 介词 without没有 but also fill my life with 25. (please). 介词+副词 throughout自始至终；遍及 I will go on my journey and I am looking forward to playing a role in developing 26. (com- 命题点3转化法 municate)between the East and the West in the fu- 英语中，把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一 ture. 种词性，这种构词法叫作转化法。单词转化后的 命题点2合成法 意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。常见的转化 用两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种 形式如下： 构词法叫作合成法。 类型 示例 类型 合成方式 示例 book(n.)书→(.)预订 dry-clean干洗 hand(n)手→(t.)上交 形容词+动词 合成 名词一→ water(n.)水→(u.)浇水 名词+动词 sleepwalk梦游sightsee观光 动词 动词 land(n.)陆地→(.)着陆 副词+动词 overcome克服 name(n.)名字→(u.)命名 名词+名词 basketball篮球bookshop书店 score(n.)分数→(u.)得分 名词+动词 haircut理发 sunrise日出 cook(.)烹饪+(n.)厨师 合成 动词+副词 get--together(非正式的) rain(.)下雨→(n.)雨 聚会，联欢会 动词+ 名词 wak(u.)散步，走→(n.)散步 greenhouse温室 名词 break(.)打破→(n.)休息 形容词+名词 blackboard黑板 stop(u.)停止→(n.)车站 介词+名词 afternoon下午 lif(.)举起→(n.)电梯 名词+形容词 snow-white雪白的 clean((ad.)干净的→(".)打扫 名词/形容 形容词→ open(ad.)开放的→(.)打开 warm-hearted热心的 词+名词+ed 动词 last(ad.)最后的→(n.)持续 合成 介词+名词 underground地下的 tidy(ad.)整洁的→(.)使整洁 形容 词 名词+动词 right(ad.)正确的→(n.)正确 English-speaking说英语的 -ing形式 形容词→ wrong(ad.)错误的→(n.)错误 形容词/副词+ready-made现成的 名词 back(ad.)后面的→(n.)背部，后面 动词过去分词newborn新生的 light(ad.)明亮的→(n.)灯 144参考答案及解析 26.the8e/hose27.E28.C29.B30.G31.A32.D 26.There are 27.How carefully 28.What beautiful 33.both 34.nothing 35.anybody/anyone 36.nothing 29.Keep calm 30.Don't be 31.What a 32.Have 37.any 38.everything 39.none 40.other 41.another you 33.There isn't 34.must be 35.How long 42.somebody 43.Neither 44.either 45.much 36.don't think 37.Be careful 38.How/What about 46.something fresh/new 47.any skills 48.Some people 39.Let's take 40.are 41.were 42.is 43.How 49.E50.F51.C52.A53.C54.D55.C56.E 44.change 45.What 57.H58.A59.G60.B61.F62.Whose63.Whom 专题九复合句 Who 64.Which 65.Who is 66.What do/will 第1讲并列复合句 67.Which is 1.but 2.or 3.and 4.or 5.so 6.while 7.both and 专题五数词 8.neither nor 9.not only 10.either or 1.first 2.ninth 3.once 4.fourths 5.third 6.fifth 第2讲主从复合句 7.second 8.eighth 9.Millions of 10.thousands of 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.F 5.E 6.C 7.will/shall/can 11.his fifties 12.Three hundred 13.two more/another two have/own/get 8.so that 9.as soon as 10.as long as 专题六介词 11.in order 12.Whether 13.Unless 14.When 15.If 1.on 2.in 3.except 4.for 5.in 6.for 7.without 16.Before 17.Although/Though 18.what 19.how 8.along 9.in 10.on 11.in 12.since 13.under 14.in 20.which 21.when 22.if/whether 23.where 24.whether 15.on 16.by 17.With 18.across/over 19.until we 25.which song 26.what happened 27.wonder if/ 精 20.beside21.E22.G23.124.D25.A26.B whether 28.could understand 29.how hard 30.how 27.F 28.C 29.from 30.with 31.for 32.After 33.at to 31.I can 32.who/that 33.that/which 34.that 34.between 35.of 36.in 37.instead of 38.on foot 35.that/which 36.that 37.that 38.that 39.which 39.by accident/chance 40.in need 41.in return 40.that/which 41.whose 42.which 43.whom 44.that 42.at least 43.in public 44.at first 45.in person 45.which/that needs 46.which/that has 47.who requires 46.in danger 48.who helps 49.which/that give/bring 50.who is 专题七冠词 51.who lost 52.that is 53.in which 54.who has 1.a 2.an a 3.The 4.a 5.an 6.the an 7.an 55.Although/Though 56.After 57.who/that 58.why 8.The 9.the 10.a an 11.The a 12.the 13.a 59.When 60.but 61.And 62.until 63.If 64.So 14.the 15.an a 16.an 17.the 18.a 19.an 专题十构词法 20.the 21.the 22.the 23.An 24.a 25.the 26.a 1.discussion 2.impossible 3.rebuild 4.disadvantages 27.the28.a 5.musicians 6.enables 7.uncertain 8.successfully 专题八句子的种类和简单句 9.harmless 10.patience 11.invitation 12.humorous 1.have 2.am 3.has passed 4.is 5.is 6.are 7.is 13.suggestion 14.powerful 15.excitement 16.interested 8.was waiting 9.makes 10.will be 11.is 12.am 13.go 17.competition 18.really 19.confidence 20.finally 14.climbs 15.is 16.knows 17.is 18.were 19.open 21.strongly 22.Chinese 23.exciting 24.bravely 20.E 21.C 22.D 23.B 24.A 25.How exeiting 25.pleasure 26.communication 第三部分 重难题型突破 题型一方框选词 题型四翻译句子 Passage 1 1.F 2.B 3.E 4.D 5.C Group 1 Passage 2 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.E 5.F 1.Don't be 2.was cooking 3.shouldn't be 4.lots of Passage 3 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.F 5.E 5.arrived in/got to Passage 4 1.C 2.B 3.E 4.D 5.A Group 2 题型二还原型阅读理解 1.have influenced 2.How lucky 3.It's polite Passage 11.D 2.E 3.B 4.F 5.C 4.is loved/liked 5.who/that will Passage 2 1.E 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.F Group 3 Passage 3 1.B 2.D 3.F 4.A 5.C 1.the luckier 2.To avoid 3.What a 4.why they Passage 4 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.F 5.E 5.will build 题型三任务型阅读理解 Group 4 Passage 1 1.most talented 2.three fourths 3.which/that was 1.education 2.teaching style 3.different answers 4.think 4.wa8 built 5.There is twice 5.I think Confucius'opinion is very useful to guide the Group 5 students./I feel Confucius'opinion helps to build harmonious 1.can't prevent/keep/stop 2.either you 3.was sent society./... 4.gave away 5.so that Passage 2 Group 6 1.zhongkao 2.go well together 3.healthily 4.feel anxious/ 1.It's helpful 2.be improved 3.won't realize worried about 5.It is used to work out if students are fit./It 4.may/might be 5.by ourselves helps students to pay more attention to their own health./.. 题型五语法填空 Passage 3 Passage 1 1.traditional Chinese medicine 2.diagnostic methods 1.greatly 2.tells 3.potatoes 4.taken 5.the 6.became 3.Which is better 4.Chinese scientist 7.on 8.wider 9.them 10.Although/Though 5.Yes,I do.Because traditional Chinese medicine contains Passage 2 Chinese traditional culture./Yes,I do.Because I think it 1.passed 2.unusual 3.are 4.its 5.as 6.a may be safer than western medicine./.. 7.development 8.who 9.useful 10.matters Passage 4 Passage 3 1.communicate with 2.time and size 1.and 2.are needed 3.hands 4.the 5.to reach 3.discovering smaller planets 4.Radio signals 6.had 7.more exciting 8.me 9.in 10.certainly 5.Yes.Because 12 billion years is long enough for other planets Passage 4 to have intelligent life./No.Because we haven't received any 1.impossible 2.required 3.nor 4.workers 5.discussion message yet./.. 6.a 7.on 8.easily 9.used 10.us