专题05 阅读理解之说明文15篇（江苏高考模拟）（第五期）-备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用)

备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用) 第五期 专题05 阅读理解之说明文15篇(江苏高考模拟) 基础语篇巩固练 （24-25高三上·江苏苏州·期末） Cats may seem solid, but they’re actually somewhat liquid. Inspired by photos of cats pouring themselves into vases and fitting into narrow openings, biologist Péter Pongrácz has tested dozens of cats to see when they act more like liquids or solids. Cats fluidly (流畅地) move through tall and narrow places but hesitate when they approach uncomfortably short holes, Pongrácz reports in the Oct.18 iScience. The finding suggests that cats are aware of their own body size and may form mental images of themselves. Because cats prefer to live alone, they are difficult to test in the lab. So Pongrácz brought the lab to the cats. With help from colleagues, he built a movable lab that they set up in 29homes. In each home, the team attached two cardboard panels to a doorframe: one with five rectangular (矩形的) holes of the same height but decreasing width and another with five holes of the same width but decreasing height. An owner stood on one side of the panel while the cat and the experimenter stood on the other. For each trial, the cat had to squeeze (挤过) from the experimenter’s side to the owner’s side through the holes while being filmed. Thirty out of 38 cats finished the experiment. When faced with holes of varying height, 22 cats hesitated to go through the shortest. When the holes varied in width, only eight cats paused before approaching the narrowest hole. Most cats squeezed through slim openings without hesitating. Hesitation may be a self-preservation method, Pongrácz says. If a cat forces itself through a hole without being able to see what’s on the other side, the cat may be exposed to potential threats. That some cats paused in the safety of their homes suggests that they also rely on their body size to plan their approach. 1．What makes it difficult to test the cats in the lab? A．Their size. B．Their flexibility. C．Their height. D．Their character. 2．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Results of the experiment. B．Subjects of the experiment. C．Methods of the experiment. D．Principles of the experiment. 3．Why did some cats hesitate even before holes leading to their homes? A．They failed to figure out their body size. B．They worried about getting stuck in the hole. C．They hated being handled by the experimenter. D．They were afraid of the danger on the other side. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．One scientist puts cats’ liquid nature to test B．Solid or liquid, that is out of the question C．Cats act more like liquids when in danger D．Hesitation keeps cats safe from danger 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了生物学家Péter Pongrácz受猫咪钻进花瓶和狭窄开口的照片启发，测试猫咪在何时更像液体或固体，实验发现猫咪会根据自身身体大小和对危险的判断来决定是否通过洞口。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Because cats prefer to live alone, they are difficult to test in the lab. (因为猫喜欢独居，所以它们很难在实验室里进行测试)”可知，是猫的独居性格使得在实验室测试它们变得困难。故选D项。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“In each home, the team attached two cardboard panels to a doorframe: one with five rectangular (矩形的) holes of the same height but decreasing width and another with five holes of the same width but decreasing height. An owner stood on one side of the panel while the cat and the experimenter stood on the other. For each trial, the cat had to squeeze (挤过) from the experimenter’s side to the owner’s side through the holes while being filmed.(在每个家中，研究小组将两块纸板固定在门框上：一块上有五个高度相同但宽度逐渐减小的矩形孔，另一块上有五个宽度相同但高度逐渐减小的孔。房主站在纸板的一侧，而猫和实验者站在另一侧。在每次试验中，猫必须从实验者的那一侧通过这些孔挤到房主的那一侧，整个过程被拍摄下来)”可知，本段主要介绍了在每个家庭中，研究团队在门框上安装两个纸板面板，一个有五个高度相同但宽度递减的矩形孔，另一个有五个宽度相同但高度递减的孔，主人站在面板的一侧，猫和实验者站在另一侧，猫要从实验者一侧通过这些孔挤到主人一侧并被拍摄下来，这都是在介绍实验的方法。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If a cat forces itself through a hole without being able to see what's on the other side, the cat may be exposed to potential threats. (如果一只猫在看不到另一边情况的情况下强行穿过一个洞，它可能会面临潜在的威胁)”以及最后一句“That some cats paused in the safety of their homes suggests that they also rely on their body size to plan their approach.(一些猫在自家安全的情况下也会犹豫，这表明它们也依靠自己的体型来计划行动方式)”可推知，一些猫即使在通向自家的洞口前也会犹豫，是因为它们担心被困在洞里。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Cats may seem solid, but they’re actually somewhat liquid. Inspired by photos of cats pouring themselves into vases and fitting into narrow openings, biologist Péter Pongrácz has tested dozens of cats to see when they act more like liquids or solids.( 猫看起来可能是固体的，但实际上它们在某种程度上更像液体。受到猫钻进花瓶并适应狭窄开口的照片的启发，生物学家Péter Pongrácz测试了几十只猫，以观察它们在何时表现得更像液体或固体)”、第三段“Because cats prefer to live alone, they are difficult to test in the lab. (因为猫喜欢独居，所以它们很难在实验室里进行测试)”、最后一段“If a cat forces itself through a hole without being able to see what's on the other side, the cat may be exposed to potential threats. (如果一只猫在看不到另一边情况的情况下强行穿过一个洞，它可能会面临潜在的威胁)”以及最后一句“That some cats paused in the safety of their homes suggests that they also rely on their body size to plan their approach.(一些猫在自家安全的情况下也会犹豫，这表明它们也依靠自己的体型来计划行动方式)”可知，文章开篇指出猫看起来是固体，但实际上有点像液体，生物学家Péter Pongrácz对猫进行了测试，后面详细介绍了实验过程和结果，A项“One scientist puts cats’ liquid nature to test (一位科学家对猫的液体特性进行测试)”表达的含义能概括文章主旨，是最佳标题。故选A项。 （2025·江苏无锡·一模）Negative news stories about social media platforms appear to be highly effective at pressuring companies into changing their policies. Katzenbach at the University of Bremen analyzed policy changes across Facebook, Twitter (now X) and YouTube between 2006 and 2024, as well as how media reporting from 26major English-language publications affected their policies. “There are significantly more changes in the policies by the platforms in the weeks and months after an increase of negative reporting,” says Katzenbach. For every negative story about a platform, the possibility of that platform changing its user policies increased by 6 per cent. To measure negative reporting, the researchers looked at the content of news stories using an AI model that classifies emotions. The AI had been trained on a dataset of 11,000 news stories about US politics. Facebook was the subject of the most negative reporting, with around 37 per cent of news stories from the 26 major English-language publications being seen as negative. Around 26 per cent of reporting about YouTube and Twitter was considered negative. The percentage of negative reporting about all platforms significantly increased after 2018, when accusing of the misuse of Facebook user data by the consulting firm Cambridge Analytica came to light. “We’ve seen that platforms do respond to public criticism,” says Katzenbach. For example, in 2014, a campaign called Free the Nipple pressured Facebook into allowing users to post photos of breastfeeding. However, those rules, and how they are enforced (强制实行), remain a topic of debate. Meta’s oversight board (监督委员会)told the platform to explain its policies in January 2024 following confusion over what did and didn’t break policy. Carolina at Northumbria University says a more active approach is needed to regulate social media platforms, including laws that check how policies affect users. “We’ re taking for granted that platforms are always going to run the system as they are — while we need to hold them far more responsible than that,”Katzenbach agrees with this view. “Definitely you need regulation, and strong regulation,” he says. “Media reporting cannot replace that.” 1．What’s the main focus of Katzenbach’s analysis of social media platforms? A．User behavior patterns on social media. B．Policy changes and media influence. C．Technological advancements of platforms. D．Advertising strategies on social media. 2．What caused a sharp increase in negative reporting after 2018? A．A new AI measurement system. B．The exposure of a data issue. C．The increased public criticism. D．The growth of social media users. 3．How does the author explain the platforms’ response to public criticism? A．By quoting official statements. B．By presenting statistical data. C．By conducting a public survey. D．By giving a specific example. 4．What can be the best title of the text? A．Social Media: Policy Shifts in the Media Focus B．Social Media: Advertising Trends and Their Impacts C．Social Media: User Reactions and Platform Responses D．Social Media: Technological Innovations and Challenges 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社交媒体平台因负面新闻报道而政策改变的现象。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Katzenbach at the University of Bremen analyzed policy changes across Facebook, Twitter (now X) and YouTube between 2006 and 2024, as well as how media reporting from 26major English-language publications affected their policies. (Bremen大学的Katzenbach分析了2006年至2024年间Facebook、Twitter(现为X)和YouTube的政策变化，以及26家主要英语出版物的媒体报道如何影响它们的政策)”可知，Katzenbach对社交媒体平台的主要分析焦点是政策变化和媒体的影响。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“The percentage of negative reporting about all platforms significantly increased after 2018, when accusing of the misuse of Facebook user data by the consulting firm Cambridge Analytica came to light.(2018年后，当咨询公司剑桥分析被指控滥用脸书用户数据的消息曝光后，所有平台的负面报道比例显著增加)”可知，2018年后负面报道激增的原因是数据问题的曝光。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“ For example, in 2014, a campaign called Free the Nipple pressured Facebook into allowing users to post photos of breastfeeding. However, those rules, and how they are enforced (强制实行), remain a topic of debate. (例如，2014年，一个名为“解放乳头”的活动迫使Facebook允许用户发布母乳喂养的照片。然而，这些规则，以及它们如何执行，仍然是一个有争议的话题)”可推知，作者通过举出一个具体的例子来解释平台对公众批评的反应。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Negative news stories about social media platforms appear to be highly effective at pressuring companies into changing their policies.(关于社交媒体平台的负面新闻报道似乎对施压公司改变政策非常有效。)”以及第三段中“The percentage of negative reporting about all platforms significantly increased after 2018, when accusing of the misuse of Facebook user data by the consulting firm Cambridge Analytica came to light.(2018年后，当咨询公司剑桥分析被指控滥用脸书用户数据的消息曝光后，所有平台的负面报道比例显著增加)”以及最后一段中“Carolina at Northumbria University says a more active approach is needed to regulate social media platforms, including laws that check how policies affect users. (Northumbria大学的Carolina表示，需要采取更积极的方式来监管社交媒体平台，包括制定法律来检查政策如何影响用户)”以及通读全文可知，文章介绍了社交媒体平台因负面新闻报道而政策改变的现象。负面报道数量在2018年后显著增加。尽管平台会对公众批评作出反应，但仍需更积极的监管措施，包括法律手段，以确保政策对用户的影响得到控制。由此可知，A选项“Social Media: Policy Shifts in the Media Focus(社交媒体：媒体关注下的政策转变)”最符合文章标题。故选A项。 （24-25高三上·江苏苏州·期末） Memes (模因) didn’t start with the internet. Some linguists argue that humans have used memes to communicate for centuries. Memes are widely known as channels for cultural conversations and as an opportunity to participate in Internet trends. The word “meme” has been used in the New York Times Crossword 60 times since the column started in the 1940s. Although it’s difficult to identify the first meme ever, the British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins is credited with coining the term in his 1976 book, “The Selfsh Gene.” In his original conception, a “meme” was somewhat similar to a “phoneme,” the smallest unit of sound in speech. “I would explain the concept of a meme ― a self-replicating (复制) piece of information ― by asking someone about an inside joke they had with friends or an advertising jingle (短曲) that’s been stuck in their head for 20 years,” said Kirby Conrod, a professor of linguistics at Swarthmore College. “That piece of information, the joke or the jingle, self-replicates because we humans like to share and repeat stuff.”          Memes are shareable by nature. In a world where you are constantly fed online news, the meme format catches your eye, and most of them can be read and understood within seconds. The power of a meme lies in its transmissibility (传递性) and unique talent for being cross-cultural. Creating and sharing memes boosts a sense of community online and brings people together through humor. Meme culture is constantly developing, and the future of memes is unpredictable, but some of the internet’s most popular meme creators have thoughts on where it might be headed. Mr Price, of Memes.com, for example, predicted that in five years ― or sooner ― every cultural moment and every news story will have an accompanying meme, and that meme will be a large part of the mainstream conversation about that event. “Memes on the internet took what is already naturally occurring in the way that we communicate and supercharged it by making it global and simple,” he said. What can I say? The girls that get it, get it and the girls that don’t, don’t. 1．What can we learn about “meme” according to the first two paragraphs? A．It only sounds like the word “gene”. B．It made its first appearance in the 1940s C．It is the smallest sound unit in speech. D．It was a term first introduced by Mr. Dawkins. 2．What does Professor Conrod think of memes? A．They allow for cultural diversity online. B．They spread humor and political messages. C．They make advertising shareable and readable. D．They are frequently shared and repeated by humans. 3．What is Mr. Price’s attitude towards the future of memes? A．Unclear. B．Optimistic. C．Negative. D．Objective. 4．How do you understand the last paragraph? A．The target reader of the article are girls B．It implies a certain famous meme story. C．The author has doubts about the essay. D．It has nothing to do with this article. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了模因的起源，定义以及特点等。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Although it’s difficult to identify the first meme ever, the British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins is credited with coining the term in his1976 book, “The Selfsh Gene.”(尽管很难确定第一个模因，但英国进化生物学家理查德·道金斯 (Richard Dawkins) 在他 1976 年的著作《自私的基因》(The Selfsh Gene) 中创造了这个术语)”可知，“meme”这个术语是Dawkins先生首先提出的，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段““I would explain the concept of a meme ― a self-replicating (复制) piece of information ― by asking someone about an inside joke they had with friends or an advertising jingle (短曲) that’s been stuck in their head for 20 years,” said Kirby Conrod, a professor of linguistics at Swarthmore College. “That piece of information, the joke or the jingle, self-replicates because we humans like to share and repeat stuff.”(“我会通过询问某人与朋友的内部笑话或在他们脑海中扎根20 年的广告歌曲来解释模因（一种自我复制的信息）的概念。”斯沃斯莫尔学院语言学教授柯比·康罗德说。“这条信息，无论是笑话还是顺口溜，都会自我复制，因为我们人类喜欢分享和重复东西。”)”可知，教授柯比·康罗德认为 模因经常被人类共享和重复。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Mr Price, of Memes.com, for example, predicted that in five years ― or sooner ― every cultural moment and every news story will have an accompanying meme, and that meme will be a large part of the mainstream conversation about that event(例如，Memes.com 的普莱斯先生预测，五年内或更短的时间内，每个文化时刻和每个新闻故事都会有一个伴随的模因，而该模因将成为有关该事件的主流对话的重要组成部分)”可推知，普莱斯先生对模因的未来持乐观态度，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“What can I say? The girls that get it, get it and the girls that don’t, don’t.(我能说什么？懂的女孩就懂，不懂的女孩就不懂)”和第三段中“I would explain the concept of a meme ― a self-replicating (复制) piece of information ― by asking someone about an inside joke they had with friends or an advertising jingle ( 短曲 ) that’s been stuck in their head for 20 years(我会通过询问某人与朋友的内部笑话或在他们脑海中萦绕了 20 年的广告歌曲来解释模因（一种自我复制的信息）的概念)”可知，最后一段是一个模因，由此可推知，最后一段暗示着某个著名的模因故事，故选B。 （2025·江苏无锡·一模）Vaping (抽电子烟) damages young people’ s lungs as much as smoking, according to a research that has caused fresh debate over the health risks of e-cigarettes. The study compared vapers and smokers in an intense exercise test and found both groups less fit and much more out of breath than people who have neither habit. Dr. Azmy Faisal and colleagues at Manchester Metropolitan University asked 60 people in their 20s to have their lung capacity recorded. Twenty were non-smokers, 20 others had vaped for at least two years and the other 20 had smoked for at least two years. The test measured the maximum amount of physical exercise that someone could achieve, and found that the vapers had an average “peak exercise capacity”, which, at 186 watts, was similar to that of the smokers (182 watts) but much lower than that among the non-smokers (226 watts). In addition, the vapers and smokers were less able to take in oxygen — at 2.7 litres and 2.6 litres a minute respectively — than those who neither smoked nor vaped (3 litres). “The study adds to growing evidence that long-term use of vaping is detrimental and challenges the idea that vaping could be a healthier alternative to smoking”, said Faisal and his co-authors of the study. Medical researchers have also found evidence that vaping increases the risk of cancer, because it changes their DNA, and also that it may damage the brain and vital organs because e-cigarette aerosols (气溶胶) and liquids can contain traces of poisonous metals such as lead and uranium. Dr. Filippos Filippidis, Chairman of the ERS’s tobacco control committee, said, “Vapes are being sold cheaply and in a variety of flavours to appeal to young people.” Doctors and policymakers need to know about the risks of vaping and we should be doing all we can to help children and young people to avoid or quit vaping. 1．How is Faisal’s research conducted? A．By measuring oxygen intake in the blood. B．By recording exercise capacities at different ages. C．By comparing health conditions in different exercises. D．By analyzing lung capacities among different groups. 2．What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Harmful. B．Mysterious. C．Unimportant. D．Unpredictable. 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．Vaping will soon be completely banned. B．More people will start vaping in the future. C．Health risks of vaping haven’t been understood by all. D．Strict rules will be made to regulate the price of vaping products. 4．What might be discussed in the following paragraph? A．The history and development of vaping products. B．The comparison between different e-cigarette brands. C．Specific measures to help young people to quit vaping. D．Different opinions of young people who vape regularly. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了一项研究表明，抽电子烟对年轻人肺部的损害程度与吸烟相当，引发了人们对电子烟健康风险的新一轮争论。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Dr. Azmy Faisal and colleagues at Manchester Metropolitan University asked 60 people in their 20s to have their lung capacity recorded. (曼彻斯特城市大学的Azmy Faisal博士和他的同事让60名20多岁的人记录他们的肺活量。)”和第四段“The test measured the maximum amount of physical exercise that someone could achieve, and found that the vapers had an average “peak exercise capacity”, which, at 186 watts, was similar to that of the smokers (182 watts) but much lower than that among the non-smokers (226 watts). (该测试测量了某人所能达到的最大运动量，并发现抽电子烟的人的平均“最大运动能力”为186瓦，与吸烟者(182瓦)相似，但远低于非吸烟者(226瓦)。)”可知，Faisal的研究是通过分析不同人群的肺活量来进行的。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“‘The study adds to growing evidence that long-term use of vaping is detrimental and challenges the idea that vaping could be a healthier alternative to smoking’, said Faisal and his co-authors of the study. (Faisal和他的研究合著者说:‘这项研究为长期使用电子烟……这一日益增多的证据增添了内容，并挑战了电子烟可能是吸烟更健康替代品这一观点。’)”可知，Faisal和他的研究合著者的研究挑战了电子烟可能是吸烟更健康替代品这一观点即长期用电子烟是不健康的，由此画线词所在句提到的是研究为“电子烟有害”增添了证据。故画线词意思是“有害的”与A选项“Harmful.(有害的)”为同义词。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Doctors and policymakers need to know about the risks of vaping and we should be doing all we can to help children and young people to avoid or quit vaping. (医生和决策者需要了解电子烟的风险，我们应该尽我们所能帮助儿童和年轻人避免或戒除电子烟。)”可推知，不是所有人都了解电子烟的健康风险。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Doctors and policymakers need to know about the risks of vaping and we should be doing all we can to help children and young people to avoid or quit vaping. (医生和决策者需要了解电子烟的风险，我们应该尽我们所能帮助儿童和年轻人避免或戒除电子烟。)”可知，最后一段强调了医生和决策者需要了解电子烟的风险，并帮助年轻人避免或戒除电子烟，由此可推知，接下来可能会讨论帮助年轻人戒除电子烟的具体措施。故选C项。 （24-25高三上·江苏苏州·期末）Have you ever wondered why creative individuals seem to spot things that other miss? whether it’s an inventor who finds an innovative solution to a familiar problem or an artist who reinterprets a landscape in a fresh way, many creative people have a special ability to find significance even in ordinary things. Think about Isaac Newton’s famous insight into gravity. According to the story, Newton saw an apple fall from a tree ― something most people might view as unimportant. Yet, in this instance, he saw the apple’s fall as significant, causing him to think about it more deeply. Entertaining the potential importance of this seemingly irrelevant occurrence led to a breakthrough connection: that the same force causing the apple to fall also influences celestial bodies like the Moon. In this example, the creative individual’s brain flags unusual or ‘irrelevant’ information as significant, stimulating them to explore it further. This exploration allows them to consider remote ideas and associations that others overlook, increasing the possibility of a creative insight. A similar process likely unfolds in artistic contexts, such as when a painter, musician or filmmaker sees a seemingly irrelevant detail as meaningful. For instance, an artist may find themselves captivated by the shadow cast by an object, finding it more interesting than the object itself. This might inspire a series of works exploring the hidden beauty of shadows. The uniqueness of creative individuals lies in their ability to perceive and prioritise information in distinctive ways, welcoming the unconventional and unexpected, which helps them think outside the box and come up with original ideas. 1．Why does the author mention Newton’s story in the second paragraph? A．To entertain the readers. B．To suspend disbelief. C．To support a viewpoint. D．To explain a theory. 2．What does the underlined word “captivated” in the third paragraph probably mean? A．Tricked. B．Misled. C．Attracted. D．Withdrawn. 3．What is key to boosting creativity according to the passage? A．Removing irrelevant information. B．Perceiving what other people ignore. C．Giving priority to unimportant details. D．Spotting the most obvious information. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．What is unconventional and unexpected guarantees original ideas B．Ordinary people tend to overlook relevant and important information. C．What seems irrelevant sometimes is likely to bring about creative insight D．Creative individuals are born with the ability to spot significance in things. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，阐述了有创造力的人能发现别人忽视的事物，他们的大脑会将不寻常或“不相关”的信息标记为重要，从而刺激他们进一步探索，进而产生创造性的见解。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段提出观点“creative individuals seem to spot things that other miss(有创造力的人似乎能发现别人错过的东西)”、第二段“Think about Isaac Newton’s famous insight into gravity. According to the story, Newton saw an apple fall from a tree ― something most people might view as unimportant. Yet, in this instance, he saw the apple’s fall as significant, causing him to think about it more deeply. Entertaining the potential importance of this seemingly irrelevant occurrence led to a breakthrough connection: that the same force causing the apple to fall also influences celestial bodies like the Moon(想一想艾萨克·牛顿关于引力的著名见解。据这个故事说，牛顿看到一颗苹果从树上落下——这是大多数人可能认为不重要的事情。然而，在这个例子中，他把这个苹果的掉落看作是重要的，促使他更深入地思考。对这一看似不相关的事件的潜在重要性进行思考，导致了突破性的联系：即导致苹果掉落的同样力量也影响着像月球这样的天体)”可知，第一段提出了观点“有创造力的人似乎能发现别人错过的东西”，第二段讲述牛顿看到苹果落地这个大多数人认为不重要的事却深入思考得出重力的理论，是为了支持第一段提出的观点，故选C项。 2．词义猜测题。根据第三段“an artist may find themselvescaptivated by the shadow cast by an object, finding it more interesting than the object itself.(一位艺术家可能会发现自己被一个物体投下的阴影所captivated，发现它比物体本身更有趣)”可知，艺术家可能会发现物体投下的阴影比物体本身更有趣。可推理出这里是说艺术家被阴影所吸引，所以captivated的意思是“吸引”，故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“creative individuals seem to spot things that other miss(有创造力的人似乎能发现别人错过的东西)”以及第三段“The uniqueness of creative individuals lies in their ability to perceive and prioritise information in distinctive ways, welcoming the unconventional and unexpected, which helps them think outside the box and come up with original ideas(有创造力的人的独特之处在于他们能够以独特的方式感知和优先处理信息，欢迎非传统和意外的事物，这有助于他们跳出框框思考并提出原创想法)”可知，提升创造力的关键是感知别人忽视的东西。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Think about Isaac Newton’s famous insight into gravity. According to the story, Newton saw an apple fall from a tree ― something most people might view as unimportant. Yet, in this instance, he saw the apple's fall as significant, causing him to think about it more deeply. Entertaining the potential importance of this seemingly irrelevant occurrence led to a breakthrough connection: that the same force causing the apple to fall also influences celestial bodies like the Moon(想一想艾萨克·牛顿关于引力的著名见解。据这个故事说，牛顿看到一颗苹果从树上落下——这是大多数人可能认为不重要的事情。然而，在这个例子中，他把这个苹果的掉落看作是重要的，促使他更深入地思考。对这一看似不相关的事件的潜在重要性进行思考，导致了突破性的联系：即导致苹果掉落的同样力量也影响着像月球这样的天体)”可知，牛顿从苹果落地这一看起来不相关的事件中得到重力的突破。再根据第三段“This exploration allows them to consider remote ideas and associations that others overlook, increasing the possibility of a creative insight. A similar process likely unfolds in artistic contexts, such as when a painter, musician or filmmaker sees a seemingly irrelevant detail as meaningful (这种探索使他们能够思考别人忽视的遥远想法和联系，增加了获得创造性见解的可能性。在艺术情境中，可能也会展开类似的过程，例如，当画家、音乐家或电影制作人认为一个看似不相关的细节是有意义的时候)”可知，感知别人忽视的东西使他们能够思考别人忽视的遥远想法和联系，增加了获得创造性见解的可能性。可推理出有时看似不相关的事物有可能带来创造性的见解。故选C项。 （24-25高三上·江苏常州·期末）Google’s recently introduced Willow quantum chip (量子芯片) is a significant breakthrough in the field of quantum computing. It has 105 physical quantum bits and can complete a complex benchmark (基准) calculation in less than five minutes, while the fastest common computer would take 1025 years for the same task. This chip represents a major technological breakthrough as it solves the long-standing problem of quantum error correction. The working mechanism of Willow is centered around its advanced error correction processes. It uses quantum correction codes, where multiple physical quantum bits are networked to create a single logical quantum bit, allowing for the identification of errors without disturbing the original quantum state. The chip also incorporates a system of active supervision that continuously monitors qubit (quamtum bit) behavior, detects abnormalities in real-time, and take measures immediately to correct errors. This combination of real-time error correction and constant monitoring, along with an optimized architecture for handling qubits, enables Willow to reduce errors exponentially (呈指数增长) as the number of qubits increases. This is a major achievement, solving a problem that has plagued the field for nearly 30 years and paving the way for more powerful and practical quantum computing systems in the future. The potential applications of Willow are vast, including quickening drug discovery, improving electric vehicle battery design, and advancing fusion energy and new energy alternatives. In conclusion, Google’s Willow quantum chip holds great promise for the future of computing and various industries. However, it should be noted that Willow is still in the laboratory stage and requires further testing and improvement before practical application. It currently has 105 qubits, still too small to handle truly useful and complex real-world tasks. Experts suggest that millions of qubits may be needed to solve important industry problems. Moreover, the chip needs to operate in extremely low-temperature and highly controlled laboratory environments, which limits its immediate practical use. Therefore, while Willow shows great promise for the future of quantum computing, it is not yet ready for practical applications at present. 1．What should be left undisturbed when solving the problem of quantum error correction? A．Quantum correction codes. B．The network of quantum errors. C．The original state of quantum. D．The system of active supervision. 2．What does the underlined word “plagued” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Caused trouble to. B．Made use of. C．Had difficulty in. D．Set standards for. 3．Which of the following limits Willow’s practical use? A．Narrow application market. B．High testing cost. C．Small qubit number. D．Possible environment pollution. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for this article? A．Willow: A Quantum Chip Setting New Benchmark B．Google’s Willow: The End of Computing Problems C．Willow Quantum Chip: Ready for practical application D．Google’s Willow: Innovations and Limitations 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了谷歌最近新推出的一款量子芯片，该芯片具有创新之处，其推出带来巨大影响，但它目前也面临投入实际使用的很多困难。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It uses quantum correction codes, where multiple physical quantum bits are networked to create a single logical quantum bit, allowing for the identification of errors without disturbing the original quantum state. (它使用量子校正码，其中多个物理量子比特联网以创建单个逻辑量子比特，允许在不干扰原始量子状态的情况下识别错误)”可知，当解决量子纠错问题时，原始量子态应保持不受干扰。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。画线词的上文“This combination of real-time error correction and constant monitoring, along with an optimized architecture for handling qubits, enables Willow to reduce errors exponentially (呈指数增长) as the number of qubits increases. This is a major achievement, solving a problem (这种实时纠错和持续监控的结合，以及用于处理量子比特的优化架构，使Willow能够随着量子比特数量的增加而呈指数级减少错误。这是一个重大的成就，解决了一个问题)”提到Willow量子芯片的工作机制使其实现了呈指数级减少错误的目标，非常成功。由此推知，其成功的地方在于解决了困扰该领域近30年的一个问题，画线词在此处应表示“给……造成麻烦，困扰”的意思，A项Caused trouble to“给……带来麻烦”与之匹配。B项Made use of表示“利用”；C项Had difficulty in表示“在……方面有困难”；D项Set standards for表示“为……设定标准”。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It currently has 105 qubits, still too small to handle truly useful and complex real-world tasks. (它目前有105个量子比特，仍然太小，无法处理真正有用和复杂的现实世界任务)”可知，量子比特数量少限制了Willow的实际应用。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“This chip represents a major technological breakthrough as it solves the long-standing problem of quantum error correction. (该芯片解决了长期存在的量子纠错问题，是一项重大的技术突破)”和最后一段中“However, it should be noted that Willow is still in the laboratory stage and requires further testing and improvement before practical application. (但需要注意的是，Willow目前还处于实验室阶段，在实际应用前还需要进一步的测试和完善)”可知，文章主要介绍了谷歌的Willow量子芯片，既阐述了它在量子计算领域的创新之处，如实时纠错和监控，又指出了它目前存在的局限性，如量子比特数量少、需要在极端低温和高度受控的实验室环境中运行等。因此，D项“谷歌的Willow：创新和局限性”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 （24-25高三上·江苏常州·期末）Benoit Vermander, a French professor at Fudan University’s School of Philosophy, has found a free mode of self-expression in Chinese ink paintings. Under the art name of Bendu, Vermander — who is also known by his Chinese name Wei Mingde — is exhibiting more than 60 Chinese ink paintings, most of which he has created over the past decade. Born in France in 1960, Vermander has been fond of painting since childhood. However, damage to sight and hearing made it hard for him to advance his painting skills, and his brushwork was commented as not being “clean”. The turning point came in 1987 when Vermander made his first visit to China and was fascinated both by the history and the meanings of Chinese ink painting. “In this art form, I could find my own way of expression. I also realized that I could create much more freely than in classical Western painting, as even the ‘not clean’ part of my works can be a good part of a creation with ink. So, I decided to shift my focus on Chinese ink painting,” Vermander says. Since then, he has visited many places across China to study Chinese painting. “Every one of my Chinese ink paintings is also a philosophical article,” he adds. For him, a good work — of either art or philosophy — should allow diversity in meaning, as each one can have a different connection to his work. Vermander regards his paintings as integrated expressions of himself with daily life. Through the ink brush, he hopes to show his inner explorations, and the movement of his heart. “What I like most in Chinese ink painting is the freedom it allows you. I am not skilled in Western painting as I have bad eyes, and it is not my character to be cautious, careful and plan everything. With Chinese ink painting, I could liberate my inner wildness. My only future goal is to have more time for painting — that’s it,” he says, laughing. 1．What challenges did Vermander face in his early painting career? A．Physical problems. B．Nationality issues. C．Mental sufferings. D．Colleagues’ jealousy. 2．Vermander is interested in Chinese ink painting because of ________. A．its wildness B．its nature C．his visits to China D．his love for China 3．Which of the following is true about Vermander’s ink paintings? A．They are connected to his inner feelings. B．They are criticized for not being clean. C．They have a single and clear meaning. D．They integrate Chinese and Western styles. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The style and techniques of Chinese ink painting. B．The comparison between Western and Chinese art. C．A foreigner finding himself in Chinese ink painting. D．A phenomenon waiting for an art foreigner to explain. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了法国教授Benoit Vermander（中文名魏明德）对中国水墨画的热爱、学习及其作品特点。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, damage to sight and hearing made it hard for him to advance his painting skills, and his brushwork was commented as not being “clean”.(然而，视力和听力的损伤使他很难提高他的绘画技巧，他的笔触被评价为不“干净”)”可知，Vermander在他早期的绘画生涯中面临的挑战是身体问题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The turning point came in 1987 when Vermander made his first visit to China and was fascinated both by the history and the meanings of Chinese ink painting.(转折点出现在1987年，当时Vermander第一次访问中国，并被中国水墨画的历史和意义所吸引)”以及最后一段“ What I like most in Chinese ink painting is the freedom it allows you. (我最喜欢中国水墨画的是它给你的自由)”可知，Vermander之所以对中国水墨画感兴趣，是因为其本质。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Through the ink brush, he hopes to show his inner explorations, and the movement of his heart.(他希望通过笔墨来表现自己内心的探索和内心的运动)”可知，关于Vermander的水墨画，A选项“它们与他的内心感受有关”正确。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Benoit Vermander, a French professor at Fudan University’s School of Philosophy, has found a free mode of self-expression in Chinese ink paintings. Under the art name of Bendu, Vermander — who is also known by his Chinese name Wei Mingde — is exhibiting more than 60 Chinese ink paintings, most of which he has created over the past decade. (复旦大学哲学学院的法籍教授Benoit Vermander在中国水墨画中发现了一种自由的自我表达方式。Vermander的艺名是Bendu，他的中文名是魏明德，他将展出60多幅中国水墨画，其中大部分是他在过去十年创作的)”结合本文讲述了法国教授Benoit Vermander对中国水墨画的热爱、学习及其作品特点。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是一个外国人在中国水墨画中发现了自己。故选C。 （2025·江苏·一模）Media literacy (素养) is finally getting some late-arriving attention. Whether it’s the increasing awareness of political disinformation or the threat of AI, discussions about media literacy are on the rise. The adoption of media literacy in the classroom, however, stagnates. The driving force for providing kids with media literacy skills often gets lost in the moral panic over technology and kids. Fear has overrun reason, and people can’t decide whether to blame social media, mobile devices, tech companies, or the Internet. They are concerned with claims that technology and social media are the causes of teenage mental health issues despite the weak associations. In response, too many solutions are “ostrich policies (鸵鸟政策) ” that want to ban devices and shut down social media but don’t address more fundamental issues. Policies that set age limits on social media access and restrict devices during school to minimize disturbance can be helpful but are incomplete solutions. Social media didn’t invent bullies (霸凌) or the enormous effect of peer pressure. Social media platforms may be a new battleground, but they are not the source. Unfortunately, many current policies ignore the need to teach kids how to manage these challenges. There is frighteningly little attention paid to preparing kids to make good decisions when they will, unavoidably, get online. On the bright side, the rapid development of AI and increasing attention to the amount of misinformation online have helped normalize the acceptance of media literacy as a core skill. While suggestions to limit inappropriate device use, increase face-to-face socialization, and engage in outdoor play arc beneficial, they do not build the core skills that will keep kids safe offline and are fundamental to well-being and life success: good citizenship, self-awareness and self-control. Those things take teaching, whether you are online or outside. Media literacy is an essential life skill that, once learned, can be applied to any content. While waiting for public education to catch up, parents and educators can build media literacy skills at home with numerous resources, ranging from family technology contracts and discussion guides to easy activities that can be done at home with kids. 1．What does the underlined word “stagnates” in the first paragraph probably mean? A．Gets far ahead. B．Falls apart suddenly. C．Falls well short. D．Gets started officially. 2．What causes people’s moral panic over technology and kids? A．Belief in the rapid growth of new technologies B．Concern over cutting kids off from the Internet C．Inability to balance the use of social media and health. D．Fear of technology causing mental health issues in teenagers. 3．What does paragraph 3 of the text focus on? A．The sources of peer pressure. B．The benefits of minimizing disturbance. C．The problems of current policies. D．The disadvantages of social media platforms 4．Which of the following belongs to media literacy? A．Reducing social media exposure. B．Applying critical thinking to media. C．Increasing face-to-face interactions. D．Recognizing the dangers of social media 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了媒体素养的重要性，以及如何培养媒体素养。 1．词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Whether it’s the increasing awareness of political disinformation or the threat of AI, discussions about media literacy are on the rise.(无论是对政治虚假信息的日益意识，还是人工智能的威胁，关于媒体素养的讨论都在增加)”以及划线单词句中“The adoption of media literacy in the classroom, however, …(然而，媒体素养在课堂上的普及却……)”可知，此处关于媒体素养的讨论在增加，但是媒体素养在课堂上的普及却停滞不前。故可猜测划线单词stagnates为“停滞不前”的意思，和C选项Falls well short“远远不够”意思相近。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The driving force for providing kids with media literacy skills often gets lost in the moral panic over technology and kids. Fear has overrun reason, and people can’t decide whether to blame social media, mobile devices, tech companies, or the Internet. They are concerned with claims that technology and social media are the causes of teenage mental health issues despite the weak associations.(在对科技和孩子的道德恐慌中，为孩子们提供媒体素养技能的驱动力往往会消失。恐惧已经超越了理性，人们无法决定是归咎于社交媒体、移动设备、科技公司还是互联网。他们担心科技和社交媒体是青少年心理健康问题的原因，尽管两者之间的联系很弱)”可知，对科技的恐惧导致青少年的心理健康问题导致了人们对科技和孩子的道德恐慌。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Policies that set age limits on social media access and restrict devices during school to minimize disturbance can be helpful but are incomplete solutions. Social media didn’t invent bullies (霸凌) or the enormous effect of peer pressure. Social media platforms may be a new battleground, but they are not the source. Unfortunately, many current policies ignore the need to teach kids how to manage these challenges.(设置社交媒体使用年龄限制和在校期间限制使用电子设备以尽量减少干扰的政策可能会有所帮助，但这是不完整的解决方案。社交媒体并没有发明欺凌或同伴压力的巨大影响。社交媒体平台可能是一个新的战场，但它们不是源头。不幸的是，许多现行政策忽视了教育孩子如何应对这些挑战的必要性)”可知，第三段主要关注的是当前政策的问题。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Media literacy is an essential life skill that, once learned, can be applied to any content. While waiting for public education to catch up, parents and educators can build media literacy skills at home with numerous resources, ranging from family technology contracts and discussion guides to easy activities that can be done at home with kids.(媒体素养是一项重要的生活技能，一旦学会，就可以应用于任何内容。在等待公共教育迎头赶上的同时，父母和教育工作者可以在家里利用大量资源培养媒体素养技能，从家庭技术合同和讨论指南到可以在家里和孩子一起做的简单活动)”可知，文章强调媒体素养是一种生活技能，能应用于任何内容，是让孩子在网络世界做出正确决策，学会应对挑战等的能力。由此可推知，B 选项“对媒体运用批判性思维”属于这种能力，符合媒体素养定义。故选B项。 （2025·江苏·一模）Decision fatigue (决策疲劳) is a psychological phenomenon where the quality of decisions declines after a long session of decision-making. It is caused by the limited mental energy we have for making choices each day. While many of us believe we are logical beings capable of weighing every option carefully, decision fatigue shows how our mental resources can be used up over time. One of the key studies on this phenomenon was conducted in the context of parole hearings (假释听证会). Researchers found that judges were more likely to approve of parole early in the day or after a meal break. As the day progressed and the judges made more decisions, they were increasingly likely to maintain their previous decisions, denying parole simply because it required less mental effort. Decision fatigue not only affects major life choices but also everyday decisions. For instance, people often report struggling to decide what to eat for dinner after a long day. Similarly, too many choices, such as when looking through streaming platforms or online stores, can leave individuals feeling confused, leading them to abandon the process entirely or settle for a less satisfying option. To overcome decision fatigue, some well-known figures have adopted strategies to simplify their daily routines. For example, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg is famous for wearing the same style of gray T-shirts to minimize unnecessary choices. Similarly, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Albert Einstein was known for owing multiple identical suits to avoid wasting energy on deciding what to wear each day. In a different context, author Haruki Murakami has shared that he maintains a strict daily routine, including specific writing hours and exercise, to free up mental capacity for his creative work. Understanding decision fatigue can help us structure our lives more effectively. Prioritizing important decisions earlier in the day or setting up routines to minimize unnecessary choices are strategies to preserve mental energy. By managing our mental resources wisely, we can make sound decisions and reduce the stress associated with overwhelming choices 1．What leads to decision fatigue according to the text? A．The lack of time to make decisions. B．The difficulty of making logical choices. C．The stress from making important decisions. D．The limited mental energy for decision-making. 2．What does the study on parole hearings reveal? A．Judges are much stricter after long breaks. B．Decision fatigue can lead to unfair outcomes. C．Fatigue causes judges to avoid complicated cases. D．External factors have no impact on decision-making. 3．What does the author suggest readers shopping online do? A．Make quick decisions. B．Compare different products. C．Limit the number of choices. D．Choose the most popular products. 4．What is the purpose of adopting routines? A．To reduce the stress of daily work. B．To increase decision-making quality. C．To enhance overall life satisfaction. D．To create more decision-making chances 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了决策疲劳这一心理现象，即长时间做决策后决策质量下降的情况，并探讨了其原因、影响及应对策略。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is caused by the limited mental energy we have for making choices each day. (这是由于我们每天用于做选择的精力有限)”可知，决策疲劳是由有限的决策精力导致的。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Researchers found that judges were more likely to approve of parole early in the day or after a meal break. As the day progressed and the judges made more decisions, they were increasingly likely to maintain their previous decisions, denying parole simply because it required less mental effort. (研究人员发现，法官在一天早些时候或饭后休息后更有可能批准假释。随着一天的进行，法官做出的决定越多，他们就越有可能维持之前的决定，仅仅因为减少精神努力而拒绝假释)”可知，随着法官做出的决定增多，他们因为决策疲劳而倾向于维持之前的决定，这可能导致不公平的假释结果。由此可推知，关于假释听证会的研究揭示了决策疲劳可能导致不公平的结果。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Similarly, too many choices, such as when looking through streaming platforms or online stores, can leave individuals feeling confused, leading them to abandon the process entirely or settle for a less satisfying option. (同样，太多的选择，比如在浏览流媒体平台或网上商店时，会让个人感到困惑，导致他们完全放弃这个过程或选择一个不太满意的选项)”可知，作者提到网上购物时太多的选择会让人困惑。由此可推知，作者建议网上购物的读者限制选择的数量，以避免决策疲劳。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Prioritizing important decisions earlier in the day or setting up routines to minimize unnecessary choices are strategies to preserve mental energy. (在一天中较早地优先处理重要决策或制定常规以最小化不必要的选择，是保存精神能量的策略)”可知，制定常规的目的是为了保存精神能量，从而提高决策质量。故选B项。 （24-25高三上·江苏常州·阶段练习）Psychologists still aren’t sure about the origins of the central part of the human condition. One theory is that our conscious experience of emotions is based on sensations (感觉) in the body — facial feedback has often been cited as evidence for this theory, but some recent experiments have called it into question. So Stanford research scientist Nicholas Coles organized the Many Smiles Collaboration, a group that included people on both sides of the issue as well as fence-sitters like himself, and together they designed a method that everyone was satisfied with. They created a plan that included two well-known techniques intended to encourage participants to activate their smile muscles. Half of participants were asked to imitate the facial expressions seen in photos of smiling actors, and the others were given instructions to move the corners of their lips toward their ears and lift their cheeks using only the muscles in their face. In each group, half the participants performed the task while looking at cheerful images of puppies, kittens, flowers, and fireworks, and the other half simply saw a blank screen. They also saw these same types of images while directed to use a neutral (中性的) facial expression. In order to hide the goal of the trial, the researchers mixed in several other small physical tasks and asked participants to solve simple math problems. After each task, participants rated how happy they were feeling. The Many Smiles Collaboration collected data from 3,878 participants from 19 countries. After analyzing their data, the researchers found a noticeable increase in happiness from participants imitating smiling photographs or pulling their mouth toward their ears. “The stretch of a smile can make people feel happy and the locked brow can make people feel angry; thus, the conscious experience of emotion must be at least partially based on bodily sensations,” Coles said. “Over the past few years, the science took one step back and a few steps forward. But now we’re closer than ever to understanding a fundamental part of the human condition: emotion.” 1．According to the text, what is the central part of the human condition? A．Emotions. B．Experiences. C．Sensations. D．Expressions. 2．Why did the Many Smiles Collaboration design the new research plan? A．To resolve people’s confusion about smile. B．To help people understand the origin of smile. C．To find out the origin of human emotions. D．To satisfy everyone involved in the experiments. 3．How did the Many Smiles Collaboration mainly carry the research? A．By carrying out investigations. B．By conducting controlled experiments. C．By collecting and analyzing existing data. D．By developing mathematical or computational models. 4．What is Coles’ attitude toward the result of their research? A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一种理论认为，我们对情感的有意识体验是基于身体的感觉，但最近的一些实验对此提出了质疑，文章详细介绍了实验的开展和结果。 1．细节理解题。由第一段中“Psychologists still aren’t sure about the origins of the central part of the human condition. One theory is that our conscious experience of emotions is based on sensations (感觉) in the body (心理学家仍然不确定人类状况核心部分的起源。一种理论认为，我们对情感的有意识体验是基于身体的感觉)”，相关实验和最后一段中“But now we’re closer than ever to understanding a fundamental part of the human condition: emotion. (但现在我们比以往任何时候都更接近于理解人类状况的一个基本部分：情感)”可知，文章中研究人员对情感（emotions）这个人类基本状况的核心部分展开了研究。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。由第一段“Psychologists still aren’t sure about the origins of the central part of the human condition. One theory is that our conscious experience of emotions is based on sensations (感觉) in the body — facial feedback has often been cited as evidence for this theory, but some recent experiments have called it into question. (心理学家仍然不确定人类状况核心部分的起源。一种理论认为，我们对情感的有意识体验是基于身体的感觉——面部反馈经常被引用为这一理论的证据，但最近的一些实验对此提出了质疑)”和第二段“So Stanford research scientist Nicholas Coles organized the Many Smiles Collaboration, a group that included people on both sides of the issue as well as fence-sitters like himself, and together they designed a method that everyone was satisfied with. (因此，斯坦福大学的研究科学家尼古拉斯·科尔斯组织了“多微笑合作”，该组织包括问题双方的人以及像他这样的持观望态度的人，他们共同设计了一种让每个人都满意的方法)”可知，因为对“人类状况核心部分的起源的一种理论（我们对情感的有意识体验是基于身体的感觉）有质疑”，多微笑合作组织才会设计了新的研究计划，可得出多微笑合作组织设计了新的研究计划是为了探究人类情感的起源。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。由第三段中“Half of participants were asked to imitate the facial expressions seen in photos of smiling actors, and the others were given instructions to move the corners of their lips toward their ears and lift their cheeks using only the muscles in their face. In each group, half the participants performed the task while looking at cheerful images of puppies, kittens, flowers, and fireworks, and the other half simply saw a blank screen. (一半的参与者被要求模仿微笑演员照片中的面部表情，其他参与者则被指示仅用脸上的肌肉将嘴角移向耳朵，抬起脸颊。在每组中，一半的参与者在观看小狗、小猫、鲜花和烟花的欢快图像的同时执行任务，另一半则只是看到一个空白屏幕)”可知，多微笑合作组织是通过进行控制的对照实验进行研究的。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。由最后一段中“Over the past few years, the science took one step back and a few steps forward. But now we’re closer than ever to understanding a fundamental part of the human condition: emotion. (在过去的几年里，科学后退了一步，又前进了几步。但现在我们比以往任何时候都更接近于理解人类状况的一个基本部分：情感)”Coles说的话可知，他对研究结果持赞同的态度。故选D项。 （24-25高三上·江苏镇江·阶段练习）Have you ever found yourself having intrusive (侵扰的) thoughts about something you haven’t finished? Maybe a half-done work project is keeping you up at night or the suspenseful plot of a novel you’re reading keeps circling your thoughts. There is a reason why it’s so hard to stop thinking about uncompleted and interrupted tasks, and psychologists called it the Zeigarnik effect (Z-effect). The Ziegarnik effect was first observed by a Russian psychologist named Bluma Zeigarnik. While sitting in a busy restaurant in Vienna, Ziegarnik noted that the waiters had better memories of unpaid orders. Once the bill was paid, however, the waiters had trouble remembering the exact details of the orders. Zeigarnik did a series of experiments, in which participants were asked to complete simple tasks such as putting together puzzles, or solving math problems. Half of the participants were interrupted partway through doing these tasks. After an hour-long wait, Zeigarnik asked the participants to describe what they had been working on. She discovered that the people who had been interrupted in their work were twice as likely to remember what they had been doing as the people who had been able to complete the tasks. We are living in an information explosion era, and we need mental tricks to help us remember a great deal of information. The Zeigarnik effect serves as a prime example. We hold on to information in the short term by constantly pulling it back into our awareness. By thinking of uncompleted tasks often, we’re more likely to keep remembering them until they get done. The Zeigarnik effect tells us a lot about how memory works and you can use the Zeigarnik effect to your advantage. If you are struggling to memorize something important, momentary interruptions might work to your advantage. Rather than simply repeating the information, review it a few times, and then take a break. Nevertheless, leaving too many tasks unfinished can lead to feelings of overwhelm and anxiety. Therefore, it’s crucial to use this effect wisely in practical applications. 1．What is the typical characteristic of the Z-effect? A．Tending to memorize unfinished tasks. B．Trying to finish various tasks at a time. C．Performing terribly during a task. D．Suspending an uncompleted task. 2．What is the purpose of paragraph 3? A．To clarify a concept. B．To test an assumption. C．To explain the process of the experiments. D．To add background information. 3．Which is a practical application of the Z-effect? A．Reading a whole story in one breath. B．Producing a drama with unexpected endings. C．Keeping many windows open on your computer. D．Airing ads during the suspenseful moments in a TV series. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Z-Effect: How Interruptions Enhance Memory. B．The Z-Effect: How to Boost Recall of Finished Tasks. C．The Power of Completing Tasks Ahead of Schedule. D．The Tricks of Developing Long-term Memory. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蔡格尼克（Ziegarnik）效应，包括其发现过程、实验验证、作用以及在实际中的应用和注意事项。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“There is a reason why it’s so hard to stop thinking about uncompleted and interrupted tasks, and psychologists called it the Zeigarnik effect (Z-effect).(很难停止思考未完成和被打断的任务是有原因的，心理学家称之为蔡格尼克效应。)”和第三段“She discovered that the people who had been interrupted in their work were twice as likely to remember what they had been doing as the people who had been able to complete the tasks.(她发现，那些在工作中被打断的人记住自己正在做的事情的可能性是那些能够完成任务的人的两倍。)”可知，蔡格尼克效应的典型特征是倾向于记住未完成的任务。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Zeigarnik did a series of experiments, in which participants were asked to complete simple tasks such as putting together puzzles, or solving math problems. Half of the participants were interrupted partway through doing these tasks.(蔡格尼克做了一系列实验，要求参与者完成一些简单的任务，比如拼图或解数学题。一半的参与者在完成这些任务的过程中被打断。)”和“She discovered that the people who had been interrupted in their work were twice as likely to remember what they had been doing as the people who had been able to complete the tasks.(她发现，那些在工作中被打断的人记住自己正在做的事情的可能性是那些能够完成任务的人的两倍。)”可知，第三段主要是通过实验来验证蔡格尼克之前的假设，即未完成的任务会比已完成的任务更容易被记住。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The Zeigarnik effect tells us a lot about how memory works and you can use the Zeigarnik effect to your advantage. If you are struggling to memorize something important, momentary interruptions might work to your advantage.(蔡格尼克效应告诉我们很多关于记忆如何运作的信息，你可以利用蔡格尼克效应为你所用。如果你正在努力记忆一些重要的东西，短暂的打断可能会对你有利。)”可知，蔡格尼克效应的一个实际应用是在电视剧的悬疑时刻插播广告，这样观众会因为未完成的故事情节而更容易记住广告内容，提高广告效果。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“There is a reason why it’s so hard to stop thinking about uncompleted and interrupted tasks, and psychologists called it the Zeigarnik effect (Z-effect).(很难停止思考未完成和被打断的任务是有原因的，心理学家称之为蔡格尼克效应。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了蔡格尼克效应，即人们倾向于记住未完成的任务，并通过实验验证了这一效应。文章还探讨了蔡格尼克效应在实际中的应用以及如何利用它来提高记忆力。由此可知，选项A“蔡格尼克效应：中断如何增强记忆”最能概括文章的主旨。故选A。 （24-25高三上·江苏镇江·阶段练习）When we think about lives filled with meaning, we often focus on people whose grand contributions benefited humanity. Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela surely felt they had a worthwhile life. But how about us ordinary people, struggling in a typical existence? There is an important element to consider. Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or imagine the scenery at the top of a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. This element is defined as EA (experiential appreciation) by Joshua Hicks, a psychological professor at Texas A & M University. Recently, he and his research team set out to figure out whether EA was related to a person’s sense of meaning in a series of studies that involved more than 3,000 participants. At an initial test, researchers had participants rate their agreement of different coping strategies to relieve their stress. They found people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful. Researchers then conducted a series of experiments, in which they gave participants specific tasks and, once more, asked them to report how strongly they identified with statements linked to purpose, etc. In one case, participants who watched an awe-inspiring video reported having a greater sense of EA and meaning in life, compared with those watched more neutral videos. After reflecting on the results collected from the participants, researchers confirmed their original theory. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with targets and goals. We are on the go, and we attempt to maximize output both at work and at leisure. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday life. 1．Why are the butterfly and the scenery on a hill mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To deliver moments of beauty. B．To explain personal experiences. C．To present the concept of EA． D．To show the necessity of protecting nature. 2．How did the researchers conduct the study? A．By studying previous research data. B．By analyzing the response from the participants. C．By shooting videos starring the participants. D．By designing different strategies to reduce stress. 3．Who tends to find life more meaningful according to the text? A．A person who always gets her life well-organized. B．A person who leads a fast-paced life. C．A person who often hears motivating speeches. D．A person who always expects future results. 4．What life philosophy does the author show in the last paragraph? A．No pains, no gains. B．Live your life one day at a time. C．Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle. D．Those who believe in their ability can do anything. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是日常生活中细微之美对人们生活意义感的影响，探讨如何通过体验欣赏（EA）增强生活的充实感。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or imagine the scenery at the top of a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. This element is defined as EA (experiential appreciation) by Joshua Hicks, a psychological professor at Texas A&M University.”“Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or imagine the scenery at the top of a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. This element is defined as EA(experiential appreciation)by Joshua Hicks, a psychological professor at Texas A & M University. (想想你在漫长的冬天后停下来欣赏的第一只蝴蝶，或者想象一下新徒步旅行后山顶的风景。有时，存在会给我们带来美丽的瞬间。当人们乐于欣赏这些经历时，这些时刻可能会增强他们对生活的看法。德克萨斯A&M大学心理学教授Joshua Hicks将这一元素定义为EA（体验欣赏）。)”可知，文章第二段提到蝴蝶和山上风景的例子是为了引入一个概念——体验性欣赏。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“At an initial test, researchers had participants rate their agreement of different coping strategies to relieve their stress. (在最初的测试中，研究人员让参与者对缓解压力的不同应对策略的一致性进行评分。)”和第四段中“Researchers then conducted a series of experiments, in which they gave participants specific tasks and, once more, asked them to report how strongly they identified with statements linked to purpose, etc. (研究人员随后进行了一系列实验，在这些实验中，他们给参与者分配了具体的任务，并再次要求他们报告他们对与目的相关的陈述的认同程度等。)”以及第四段中“After reflecting on the results collected from the participants, researchers confirmed their original theory. (研究人员随后进行了一系列实验，在这些实验中，他们给参与者分配了具体的任务，并再次要求他们报告他们对与目的相关的陈述的认同程度等。)”可知，研究者通过分析参与者的不同反应来进行研究。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In one case, participants who watched an awe-inspiring video reported having a greater sense of EA and meaning in life, compared with those watched more neutral videos. (在一个案例中，与观看更中性视频的参与者相比，观看令人敬畏的视频的参与者报告说，他们对EA和生活意义有更大的感觉。)”可知，经常听鼓舞人心的演讲的人更能找到生活的意义。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday life. (这种对未来结果的关注很容易让人错过现在正在发生的事情。然而，生活发生在当下。我们应该放慢脚步，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱日常生活中的意义。)”可知，作者在最后一段告诉我们，应该生活在当下。故选B项。 重难语篇拔高练 （24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）In recent years, to monitor biodiversity and perceive how changes in ecosystems affect migratory (迁徙的) routes, researchers and conservationists have focused on tracking migratory bird populations worldwide. These birds, which travel thousands of kilometers between breeding and wintering grounds, face numerous threats, including habitat loss, climate change, and human activities. Using state-of-the-art satellite technology, scientists have managed to collect large datasets on bird movements, providing crucial insights into their migratory patterns and paternal risks. However, despite the abundance of tracking data, a recent study from the University of Cambridge underscores that significant gaps in our understanding of many species still exist. “While we have a vast amount of tracking data, we often overlook smaller migratory species or those that travel less popular routes,” explains Dr. Emma Lewis, the study’s lead author. “Our reliance on satellite tags has also led us to focus mainly on larger species that can carry the weight of the tracking devices, leaving smaller birds, which are often just as vulnerable, underrepresented in our data.” The study examined data from over a million tracking records of migratory birds and identified several areas with limited information. Birds from remote areas, for instance, were much less likely to be tracked due to accessibility issues. Additionally, there was a strong bias (偏见) toward species that are already of high interest to the public, such as eagles or storks, rather than smaller, less prominent birds. Dr. Lewis and her team believe this bias could lead to conservation resources being disproportionately allocated to certain species while neglecting others that may be equally at risk. To address these issues, Dr. Lewis suggests expanding tracking efforts to include more diverse bird populations. “By collaborating with local researchers and investing in lighter, more efficient tracking technology, we can gather data on a broader range of species,” she explains. “Encouraging birdwatchers to report sightings of less common migratory birds could fill current data gaps and offer a more comprehensive image of global migratory patterns.” This combined approach could ensure that future conservation efforts are better informed and more inclusive, ultimately contributing to the protection of all migratory bird species. 1．What’s the main issue with current migratory bird tracking? A．Heavily relying on large databasets. B．Ignoring short-distance migrations. C．Primarily tracking larger bird species. D．Focusing on migration in breeding seasons. 2．What contributes to data gaps in migratory bird tracking? A．Inaccurate public sightings. B．Expensive tracking devices. C．Lack of conservation funding. D．Limitations of tracking technology. 3．What is the researchers’ concern about conservation resources? A．Desperate shortage in popular routes. B．Uneven allocation to certain species. C．Rare accessibility to larger bird species D．Irresponsible overuse in remote habitats 4．How does Dr. Lewis suggest improving bird migration data? A．Limit resources to high-profile species. B．Launch new programs for endangered species. C．Enhance tracking methods for prominent bird species. D．Engage the public in observing underrepresented birds. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了近年来科学家和研究人员使用先进的卫星技术追踪候鸟迁徙，以监测生物多样性和了解生态系统变化对迁徙路线的影响，但仍然存在一些问题，比如数据缺口和偏见，并探讨了解决方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Our reliance on satellite tags has also led us to focus mainly on larger species that can carry the weight of the tracking devices, leaving smaller birds, which are often just as vulnerable, underrepresented in our data. (我们对卫星标签的依赖也导致我们主要关注能够承受跟踪设备重量的大型物种，而在我们的数据中，往往同样脆弱的小型鸟类的代表性不足。)”可知，当前候鸟追踪的主要问题是主要追踪大型鸟类，而体型较小、同样脆弱的鸟类在我们的数据中代表性不足，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Birds from remote areas, for instance, were much less likely to be tracked due to accessibility issues. Additionally, there was a strong bias (偏见) toward species that are already of high interest to the public, such as eagles or storks, rather than smaller, less prominent birds. Dr. Lewis and her team believe this bias could lead to conservation resources being disproportionately allocated to certain species while neglecting others that may be equally at risk. (例如，由于可及性问题，来自偏远地区的鸟类被追踪的可能性要小得多。此外，人们对鹰或鹳等公众已经非常感兴趣的物种有强烈的偏见，而不是较小的、不太出名的鸟类。刘易斯博士和她的团队认为，这种偏见可能导致保护资源被不成比例地分配给某些物种，而忽视了其他可能同样面临风险的物种。)”可知，导致候鸟追踪中的数据缺口的原因是追踪技术的局限性，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Dr. Lewis and her team believe this bias could lead to conservation resources being disproportionately allocated to certain species while neglecting others that may be equally at risk. (刘易斯博士和她的团队认为，这种偏见可能导致保护资源被不成比例地分配给某些物种，而忽视了其他可能同样面临风险的物种。)”可知，研究人员对资源保护的担忧是分配给某些物种的资源不均衡，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Encouraging birdwatchers to report sightings of less common migratory birds could fill current data gaps and offer a more comprehensive image of global migratory patterns. (鼓励观鸟者报告看到的不常见的候鸟，可以填补目前的数据空白，并提供一个更全面的全球迁徙模式的图像。)”可知，刘易斯博士建议让公众参与观察代表性不足的鸟类，以改进鸟类迁徙数据，故选D。 （24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Imagine you are driving on a stormy night, and your car suddenly alerts you to the danger of an imminent flood or an approaching hurricane. This future, where cars predict weather disasters well in advance, is edging toward reality, says the International Drivers Association. By 2030, cars are expected to evolve into “smart machines” in which reliable, personal weather forecasting units are installed, with advanced sensor technology and machine learning algorithms (算术) delivering real-time, exact weather updates. “Bridging the gap between vehicular technology and meteorology holds massive potential in increasing road safety,” says Julianna Marshall, a travel expert from the International Drivers Association. “Imagine your car alerting you to trouble ahead and then directing you away from a road that’s about to be flooded or a bridge at risk of collapsing due to strong winds. That’s a revolution we’re keenly looking forward to.” Several key factors lay the foundations for these weather-predicting capabilities in cars by the year 2030. Modern cars have complex sensors that can measure atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind speed. These sensors can feed data into an onboard computer, providing crucial real-time weather information. Cutting-edge artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies can now analyse complex weather patterns and predict future outcomes. By integrating these technologies into automotive systems, your car’s computer can provide forecasts along your routes. The interconnectivity of devices, known as the Internet of Things, will play a key role. Cars could share and receive weather data from a vast network of improving the connected devices, accuracy of predictions. Such tech-integrated cars will make driving during severe conditions safer while enhancing the overall travel experience. “Weather prediction in cars can save hundreds of lives annually by minimizing the likelihood of weather-related accidents,” Marshall emphasizes. “Getting hands on a car built with weather prediction technology might be optional today but will become imperative by 2030.” Undeniably, 2030 promises the advent of a transformative era in automobile technology, a world where your car might just be your best weather forecaster. An era where “the future is now” is not just an exciting prospect — it’s the norm. 1．What can the future cars probably do? A．Stop extreme weather happening. B．Change the path of the hurricane. C．Teach drivers how to predict weather. D．Perceive terrible weather conditions. 2．What does paragraph 4 focus on? A．Operational principle of future cars. B．The concept of the Internet of Things. C．The functions of complex sensors. D．Increasing complexity of road safety. 3．What does the underlined word “imperative” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Reliable. B．Essential. C．Complex. D．Unrealistic. 4．What is the author’s intention in the last paragraph? A．To make predictions. B．To offer suggestions. C．To fulfill promises. D．To express regrets. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了未来的汽车可以感知恶劣的天气状况，并解释了其中的原理。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Imagine you are driving on a stormy night, and your car suddenly alerts you to the danger of an imminent flood or an approaching hurricane. This future, where cars predict weather disasters well in advance, is edging toward reality, says the International Drivers Association.(想象一下，你在一个暴风雨的夜晚开车，你的车突然提醒你洪水即将来临或飓风即将来临的危险。国际司机协会表示，汽车可以提前很好地预测天气灾害，这种未来正逐渐成为现实)”可知，未来的汽车可以感知恶劣的天气状况。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Modern cars have complex sensors that can measure atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind speed. These sensors can feed data into an onboard computer, providing crucial real-time weather information. Cutting-edge artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies can now analyse complex weather patterns and predict future outcomes. By integrating these technologies into automotive systems, your car’s computer can provide forecasts along your routes.(现代汽车有复杂的传感器，可以测量大气压力、温度、湿度和风速。这些传感器可以将数据输入机载计算机，提供关键的实时天气信息。尖端的人工智能和机器学习技术现在可以分析复杂的天气模式并预测未来的结果。通过将这些技术集成到汽车系统中，你的汽车计算机可以提供沿途的预测)”可知，第4段的重点是未来汽车的工作原理。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Weather prediction in cars can save hundreds of lives annually by minimizing the likelihood of weather-related accidents(汽车天气预报可以将天气相关事故的可能性降到最低，每年可以挽救数百人的生命)”和下文“An era where “the future is now” is not just an exciting prospect — it’s the norm.(在一个“未来就是现在”的时代，这不仅是一个令人兴奋的前景，而且是一种常态)”以及“Getting hands on a car built with weather prediction technology might be optional today but will become(今天，拥有一辆搭载天气预报技术的汽车可能是可选的，但到2030年)”可知，汽车天气预报每年可以挽救数百人的生命，结合but表示转折，如今是可选的，但推测到了2030年将是必不可少的。故划线词意思是“必不可少的”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Undeniably, 2030 promises the advent of a transformative era in automobile technology, a world where your car might just be your best weather forecaster. An era where “the future is now” is not just an exciting prospect — it’s the norm.(不可否认，2030年预示着汽车技术变革时代的到来，在这个世界里，你的汽车可能就是你最好的天气预报员。在一个“未来就是现在”的时代，这不仅是一个令人兴奋的前景，而且是一种常态)”可知，作者在最后一段的意图是做预测。故选A。 （24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Feeling discouraged after a favorite show ends is common, and it even has an unofficial term: post-series depression (PSD). Rita Kottasz, a marketing professor at Kingston University, defines PSD as “a feeling of emptiness and upset when something you love finishes”. This applies to TV shows, books, or video games, creating a desire for more. The concept of PSD gained popularity on social media and fan blogs in the mid-2010s, particularly during the Golden Age of TV. Kottasz prefers not to use the term PSD, instead calling it “consumer saudade”, a Portuguese word meaning nostalgic (怀旧的) longing. However, a journal editor convinced her to use PSD due to its established use outside of research. Kottasz and her colleagues published a 15-item classification scale for PSD based on interviews with fans who felt sad after their favorite things ended. Common emotions included frustration, disappointment, sadness, and emptiness. Some fans even felt that life was less complete or that they had lost “best friends”. While PSD is often associated with TV shows, Kottasz is exploring its connection to other media, such as the abrupt break of K-pop band BTS (防弹少年团) and novels like Harry Potter. Younger people are more affected than older ones, partially due to on-demand streaming and constant new content pushes from businesses like Netflix. Contrary to popular belief, binge-watching does not seem to trigger PSD．Instead, long-term consumption may be a factor. Kottasz thinks watching a show over several seasons or reading novels across many years strengthens a person’s relationship to the characters. In her 2019 paper, she cites a Harry Potter devotee who started reading the series at age 9 and was “cruelly left behind’ after the final book and film released years later. But it isn’t quite as simple as saying the end of a show or novel controls our emotional state. Brian Kong, a Chicago-based psychologist, is concerned that PSD might imply a causal relationship between low moods and a program’s end. Instead, he says that when viewers feel lasting negativity, TV consumption might be acting as an anesthetic(麻醉剂) for a deeper psychological issue, like how some people with anxiety or depression drink alcohol. Put another way, the low mood already existed, and watching the series only masked it. 1．Which of the following is a common reaetion among fans experiencing PSD? A．A fresh sense of purpose for life. B．A deep satisfaction after the show. C．A great sense of loss of best friends. D．A strong desire for a new hobby 2．What does the underlined word “binge-watching” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Reviewing every detail of a TV show day and night. B．Watching some episodes of a TV show in one sitting. C．Following the episodes of a TV show for a long duration. D．Reading a book series while watching the TV adaptation. 3．What does Brian Kong imply in the last paragraph? A．PSD covers up a deeper psychological issue. B．Viewers with negativity like drinking alcoho. C．TV consumption is the root cause of low moods D．Watching TV series can address psychological issues. 4．What might the following paragraphs focus on? A．The solutions to post-series depression. B．The marketing strategies of TV shows. C．The difference between PSD and nostalgla. D．The impact of social media on fan emotions. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“剧后抑郁（PSD）”的 概念、相关表现、影响因素，及对其与心理问题关联的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Some fans even felt that life was less complete or that they had lost ‘best friends’.(一些粉丝甚至觉得生活不够完整，或者他们失去了‘最好的朋友’。)”可知，经历‘剧后抑郁（PSD）’的粉丝常见反应是感觉失去了‘好朋友’，即有很强的失落感。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Contrary to popular belief, binge-watching does not seem to trigger PSD. Instead, long-term consumption may be a factor.(与普遍看法相反， 似乎不会引发PSD。相反，长期消费可能是一个因素。)”可知，与长期观看相对的是binge-watching，长期观看是长时间追看，那binge-watching意思应是一次性看几集（短时间内集中看完一些内容）。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Brian Kong, a Chicago-based psychologist, is concerned that PSD might imply a causal relationship between low moods and a program’s end. Instead, he says that when viewers feel lasting negativity, TV consumption might be acting as an anesthetic(麻醉剂) for a deeper psychological issue, like how some people with anxiety or depression drink alcohol. (芝加哥心理学家Brian Kong担心PSD可能意味着情绪低落与节目结束之间存在因果关系。相反，他说，当观众感到持续的消极情绪时，电视消费可能会成为更深层次心理问题的麻醉剂，比如一些焦虑或抑郁的人如何饮酒。)”可知，PSD可能掩盖了更深层次的心理问题，看电视只是起到一种麻醉作用，而负面情绪原本就存在。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Brian Kong, a Chicago-based psychologist, is concerned that PSD might imply a causal relationship between low moods and a program’s end. Instead, he says that when viewers feel lasting negativity, TV consumption might be acting as an anesthetic(麻醉剂) for a deeper psychological issue, like how some people with anxiety or depression drink alcohol. Put another way, the low mood already existed, and watching the series only masked it.(芝加哥心理学家Brian Kong担心PSD可能意味着情绪低落与节目结束之间存在因果关系。相反，他说，当观众感到持续的消极情绪时，电视消费可能会成为更深层次心理问题的麻醉剂，比如一些焦虑或抑郁的人如何饮酒。换句话说，低落的情绪已经存在了，看电视剧只是掩盖了它。)”以及上文可知，文章前面介绍了“剧后抑郁（PSD）”的定义、相关情况、引发因素等，最后提到它可能掩盖深层次心理问题，按照行文逻辑，接下来可能会聚焦于“剧后抑郁（PSD）”的解决办法。故选A项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用) 第五期 专题05 阅读理解之说明文15篇(江苏高考模拟) 基础语篇巩固练 （24-25高三上·江苏苏州·期末） Cats may seem solid, but they’re actually somewhat liquid. Inspired by photos of cats pouring themselves into vases and fitting into narrow openings, biologist Péter Pongrácz has tested dozens of cats to see when they act more like liquids or solids. Cats fluidly (流畅地) move through tall and narrow places but hesitate when they approach uncomfortably short holes, Pongrácz reports in the Oct.18 iScience. The finding suggests that cats are aware of their own body size and may form mental images of themselves. Because cats prefer to live alone, they are difficult to test in the lab. So Pongrácz brought the lab to the cats. With help from colleagues, he built a movable lab that they set up in 29homes. In each home, the team attached two cardboard panels to a doorframe: one with five rectangular (矩形的) holes of the same height but decreasing width and another with five holes of the same width but decreasing height. An owner stood on one side of the panel while the cat and the experimenter stood on the other. For each trial, the cat had to squeeze (挤过) from the experimenter’s side to the owner’s side through the holes while being filmed. Thirty out of 38 cats finished the experiment. When faced with holes of varying height, 22 cats hesitated to go through the shortest. When the holes varied in width, only eight cats paused before approaching the narrowest hole. Most cats squeezed through slim openings without hesitating. Hesitation may be a self-preservation method, Pongrácz says. If a cat forces itself through a hole without being able to see what’s on the other side, the cat may be exposed to potential threats. That some cats paused in the safety of their homes suggests that they also rely on their body size to plan their approach. 1．What makes it difficult to test the cats in the lab? A．Their size. B．Their flexibility. C．Their height. D．Their character. 2．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Results of the experiment. B．Subjects of the experiment. C．Methods of the experiment. D．Principles of the experiment. 3．Why did some cats hesitate even before holes leading to their homes? A．They failed to figure out their body size. B．They worried about getting stuck in the hole. C．They hated being handled by the experimenter. D．They were afraid of the danger on the other side. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．One scientist puts cats’ liquid nature to test B．Solid or liquid, that is out of the question C．Cats act more like liquids when in danger D．Hesitation keeps cats safe from danger （2025·江苏无锡·一模）Negative news stories about social media platforms appear to be highly effective at pressuring companies into changing their policies. Katzenbach at the University of Bremen analyzed policy changes across Facebook, Twitter (now X) and YouTube between 2006 and 2024, as well as how media reporting from 26major English-language publications affected their policies. “There are significantly more changes in the policies by the platforms in the weeks and months after an increase of negative reporting,” says Katzenbach. For every negative story about a platform, the possibility of that platform changing its user policies increased by 6 per cent. To measure negative reporting, the researchers looked at the content of news stories using an AI model that classifies emotions. The AI had been trained on a dataset of 11,000 news stories about US politics. Facebook was the subject of the most negative reporting, with around 37 per cent of news stories from the 26 major English-language publications being seen as negative. Around 26 per cent of reporting about YouTube and Twitter was considered negative. The percentage of negative reporting about all platforms significantly increased after 2018, when accusing of the misuse of Facebook user data by the consulting firm Cambridge Analytica came to light. “We’ve seen that platforms do respond to public criticism,” says Katzenbach. For example, in 2014, a campaign called Free the Nipple pressured Facebook into allowing users to post photos of breastfeeding. However, those rules, and how they are enforced (强制实行), remain a topic of debate. Meta’s oversight board (监督委员会)told the platform to explain its policies in January 2024 following confusion over what did and didn’t break policy. Carolina at Northumbria University says a more active approach is needed to regulate social media platforms, including laws that check how policies affect users. “We’ re taking for granted that platforms are always going to run the system as they are — while we need to hold them far more responsible than that,”Katzenbach agrees with this view. “Definitely you need regulation, and strong regulation,” he says. “Media reporting cannot replace that.” 1．What’s the main focus of Katzenbach’s analysis of social media platforms? A．User behavior patterns on social media. B．Policy changes and media influence. C．Technological advancements of platforms. D．Advertising strategies on social media. 2．What caused a sharp increase in negative reporting after 2018? A．A new AI measurement system. B．The exposure of a data issue. C．The increased public criticism. D．The growth of social media users. 3．How does the author explain the platforms’ response to public criticism? A．By quoting official statements. B．By presenting statistical data. C．By conducting a public survey. D．By giving a specific example. 4．What can be the best title of the text? A．Social Media: Policy Shifts in the Media Focus B．Social Media: Advertising Trends and Their Impacts C．Social Media: User Reactions and Platform Responses D．Social Media: Technological Innovations and Challenges （24-25高三上·江苏苏州·期末） Memes (模因) didn’t start with the internet. Some linguists argue that humans have used memes to communicate for centuries. Memes are widely known as channels for cultural conversations and as an opportunity to participate in Internet trends. The word “meme” has been used in the New York Times Crossword 60 times since the column started in the 1940s. Although it’s difficult to identify the first meme ever, the British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins is credited with coining the term in his 1976 book, “The Selfsh Gene.” In his original conception, a “meme” was somewhat similar to a “phoneme,” the smallest unit of sound in speech. “I would explain the concept of a meme ― a self-replicating (复制) piece of information ― by asking someone about an inside joke they had with friends or an advertising jingle (短曲) that’s been stuck in their head for 20 years,” said Kirby Conrod, a professor of linguistics at Swarthmore College. “That piece of information, the joke or the jingle, self-replicates because we humans like to share and repeat stuff.”          Memes are shareable by nature. In a world where you are constantly fed online news, the meme format catches your eye, and most of them can be read and understood within seconds. The power of a meme lies in its transmissibility (传递性) and unique talent for being cross-cultural. Creating and sharing memes boosts a sense of community online and brings people together through humor. Meme culture is constantly developing, and the future of memes is unpredictable, but some of the internet’s most popular meme creators have thoughts on where it might be headed. Mr Price, of Memes.com, for example, predicted that in five years ― or sooner ― every cultural moment and every news story will have an accompanying meme, and that meme will be a large part of the mainstream conversation about that event. “Memes on the internet took what is already naturally occurring in the way that we communicate and supercharged it by making it global and simple,” he said. What can I say? The girls that get it, get it and the girls that don’t, don’t. 1．What can we learn about “meme” according to the first two paragraphs? A．It only sounds like the word “gene”. B．It made its first appearance in the 1940s C．It is the smallest sound unit in speech. D．It was a term first introduced by Mr. Dawkins. 2．What does Professor Conrod think of memes? A．They allow for cultural diversity online. B．They spread humor and political messages. C．They make advertising shareable and readable. D．They are frequently shared and repeated by humans. 3．What is Mr. Price’s attitude towards the future of memes? A．Unclear. B．Optimistic. C．Negative. D．Objective. 4．How do you understand the last paragraph? A．The target reader of the article are girls B．It implies a certain famous meme story. C．The author has doubts about the essay. D．It has nothing to do with this article. （2025·江苏无锡·一模）Vaping (抽电子烟) damages young people’ s lungs as much as smoking, according to a research that has caused fresh debate over the health risks of e-cigarettes. The study compared vapers and smokers in an intense exercise test and found both groups less fit and much more out of breath than people who have neither habit. Dr. Azmy Faisal and colleagues at Manchester Metropolitan University asked 60 people in their 20s to have their lung capacity recorded. Twenty were non-smokers, 20 others had vaped for at least two years and the other 20 had smoked for at least two years. The test measured the maximum amount of physical exercise that someone could achieve, and found that the vapers had an average “peak exercise capacity”, which, at 186 watts, was similar to that of the smokers (182 watts) but much lower than that among the non-smokers (226 watts). In addition, the vapers and smokers were less able to take in oxygen — at 2.7 litres and 2.6 litres a minute respectively — than those who neither smoked nor vaped (3 litres). “The study adds to growing evidence that long-term use of vaping is detrimental and challenges the idea that vaping could be a healthier alternative to smoking”, said Faisal and his co-authors of the study. Medical researchers have also found evidence that vaping increases the risk of cancer, because it changes their DNA, and also that it may damage the brain and vital organs because e-cigarette aerosols (气溶胶) and liquids can contain traces of poisonous metals such as lead and uranium. Dr. Filippos Filippidis, Chairman of the ERS’s tobacco control committee, said, “Vapes are being sold cheaply and in a variety of flavours to appeal to young people.” Doctors and policymakers need to know about the risks of vaping and we should be doing all we can to help children and young people to avoid or quit vaping. 1．How is Faisal’s research conducted? A．By measuring oxygen intake in the blood. B．By recording exercise capacities at different ages. C．By comparing health conditions in different exercises. D．By analyzing lung capacities among different groups. 2．What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Harmful. B．Mysterious. C．Unimportant. D．Unpredictable. 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．Vaping will soon be completely banned. B．More people will start vaping in the future. C．Health risks of vaping haven’t been understood by all. D．Strict rules will be made to regulate the price of vaping products. 4．What might be discussed in the following paragraph? A．The history and development of vaping products. B．The comparison between different e-cigarette brands. C．Specific measures to help young people to quit vaping. D．Different opinions of young people who vape regularly. （24-25高三上·江苏苏州·期末）Have you ever wondered why creative individuals seem to spot things that other miss? whether it’s an inventor who finds an innovative solution to a familiar problem or an artist who reinterprets a landscape in a fresh way, many creative people have a special ability to find significance even in ordinary things. Think about Isaac Newton’s famous insight into gravity. According to the story, Newton saw an apple fall from a tree ― something most people might view as unimportant. Yet, in this instance, he saw the apple’s fall as significant, causing him to think about it more deeply. Entertaining the potential importance of this seemingly irrelevant occurrence led to a breakthrough connection: that the same force causing the apple to fall also influences celestial bodies like the Moon. In this example, the creative individual’s brain flags unusual or ‘irrelevant’ information as significant, stimulating them to explore it further. This exploration allows them to consider remote ideas and associations that others overlook, increasing the possibility of a creative insight. A similar process likely unfolds in artistic contexts, such as when a painter, musician or filmmaker sees a seemingly irrelevant detail as meaningful. For instance, an artist may find themselves captivated by the shadow cast by an object, finding it more interesting than the object itself. This might inspire a series of works exploring the hidden beauty of shadows. The uniqueness of creative individuals lies in their ability to perceive and prioritise information in distinctive ways, welcoming the unconventional and unexpected, which helps them think outside the box and come up with original ideas. 1．Why does the author mention Newton’s story in the second paragraph? A．To entertain the readers. B．To suspend disbelief. C．To support a viewpoint. D．To explain a theory. 2．What does the underlined word “captivated” in the third paragraph probably mean? A．Tricked. B．Misled. C．Attracted. D．Withdrawn. 3．What is key to boosting creativity according to the passage? A．Removing irrelevant information. B．Perceiving what other people ignore. C．Giving priority to unimportant details. D．Spotting the most obvious information. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．What is unconventional and unexpected guarantees original ideas B．Ordinary people tend to overlook relevant and important information. C．What seems irrelevant sometimes is likely to bring about creative insight D．Creative individuals are born with the ability to spot significance in things. （24-25高三上·江苏常州·期末）Google’s recently introduced Willow quantum chip (量子芯片) is a significant breakthrough in the field of quantum computing. It has 105 physical quantum bits and can complete a complex benchmark (基准) calculation in less than five minutes, while the fastest common computer would take 1025 years for the same task. This chip represents a major technological breakthrough as it solves the long-standing problem of quantum error correction. The working mechanism of Willow is centered around its advanced error correction processes. It uses quantum correction codes, where multiple physical quantum bits are networked to create a single logical quantum bit, allowing for the identification of errors without disturbing the original quantum state. The chip also incorporates a system of active supervision that continuously monitors qubit (quamtum bit) behavior, detects abnormalities in real-time, and take measures immediately to correct errors. This combination of real-time error correction and constant monitoring, along with an optimized architecture for handling qubits, enables Willow to reduce errors exponentially (呈指数增长) as the number of qubits increases. This is a major achievement, solving a problem that has plagued the field for nearly 30 years and paving the way for more powerful and practical quantum computing systems in the future. The potential applications of Willow are vast, including quickening drug discovery, improving electric vehicle battery design, and advancing fusion energy and new energy alternatives. In conclusion, Google’s Willow quantum chip holds great promise for the future of computing and various industries. However, it should be noted that Willow is still in the laboratory stage and requires further testing and improvement before practical application. It currently has 105 qubits, still too small to handle truly useful and complex real-world tasks. Experts suggest that millions of qubits may be needed to solve important industry problems. Moreover, the chip needs to operate in extremely low-temperature and highly controlled laboratory environments, which limits its immediate practical use. Therefore, while Willow shows great promise for the future of quantum computing, it is not yet ready for practical applications at present. 1．What should be left undisturbed when solving the problem of quantum error correction? A．Quantum correction codes. B．The network of quantum errors. C．The original state of quantum. D．The system of active supervision. 2．What does the underlined word “plagued” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Caused trouble to. B．Made use of. C．Had difficulty in. D．Set standards for. 3．Which of the following limits Willow’s practical use? A．Narrow application market. B．High testing cost. C．Small qubit number. D．Possible environment pollution. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for this article? A．Willow: A Quantum Chip Setting New Benchmark B．Google’s Willow: The End of Computing Problems C．Willow Quantum Chip: Ready for practical application D．Google’s Willow: Innovations and Limitations （24-25高三上·江苏常州·期末）Benoit Vermander, a French professor at Fudan University’s School of Philosophy, has found a free mode of self-expression in Chinese ink paintings. Under the art name of Bendu, Vermander — who is also known by his Chinese name Wei Mingde — is exhibiting more than 60 Chinese ink paintings, most of which he has created over the past decade. Born in France in 1960, Vermander has been fond of painting since childhood. However, damage to sight and hearing made it hard for him to advance his painting skills, and his brushwork was commented as not being “clean”. The turning point came in 1987 when Vermander made his first visit to China and was fascinated both by the history and the meanings of Chinese ink painting. “In this art form, I could find my own way of expression. I also realized that I could create much more freely than in classical Western painting, as even the ‘not clean’ part of my works can be a good part of a creation with ink. So, I decided to shift my focus on Chinese ink painting,” Vermander says. Since then, he has visited many places across China to study Chinese painting. “Every one of my Chinese ink paintings is also a philosophical article,” he adds. For him, a good work — of either art or philosophy — should allow diversity in meaning, as each one can have a different connection to his work. Vermander regards his paintings as integrated expressions of himself with daily life. Through the ink brush, he hopes to show his inner explorations, and the movement of his heart. “What I like most in Chinese ink painting is the freedom it allows you. I am not skilled in Western painting as I have bad eyes, and it is not my character to be cautious, careful and plan everything. With Chinese ink painting, I could liberate my inner wildness. My only future goal is to have more time for painting — that’s it,” he says, laughing. 1．What challenges did Vermander face in his early painting career? A．Physical problems. B．Nationality issues. C．Mental sufferings. D．Colleagues’ jealousy. 2．Vermander is interested in Chinese ink painting because of ________. A．its wildness B．its nature C．his visits to China D．his love for China 3．Which of the following is true about Vermander’s ink paintings? A．They are connected to his inner feelings. B．They are criticized for not being clean. C．They have a single and clear meaning. D．They integrate Chinese and Western styles. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The style and techniques of Chinese ink painting. B．The comparison between Western and Chinese art. C．A foreigner finding himself in Chinese ink painting. D．A phenomenon waiting for an art foreigner to explain. （2025·江苏·一模）Media literacy (素养) is finally getting some late-arriving attention. Whether it’s the increasing awareness of political disinformation or the threat of AI, discussions about media literacy are on the rise. The adoption of media literacy in the classroom, however, stagnates. The driving force for providing kids with media literacy skills often gets lost in the moral panic over technology and kids. Fear has overrun reason, and people can’t decide whether to blame social media, mobile devices, tech companies, or the Internet. They are concerned with claims that technology and social media are the causes of teenage mental health issues despite the weak associations. In response, too many solutions are “ostrich policies (鸵鸟政策) ” that want to ban devices and shut down social media but don’t address more fundamental issues. Policies that set age limits on social media access and restrict devices during school to minimize disturbance can be helpful but are incomplete solutions. Social media didn’t invent bullies (霸凌) or the enormous effect of peer pressure. Social media platforms may be a new battleground, but they are not the source. Unfortunately, many current policies ignore the need to teach kids how to manage these challenges. There is frighteningly little attention paid to preparing kids to make good decisions when they will, unavoidably, get online. On the bright side, the rapid development of AI and increasing attention to the amount of misinformation online have helped normalize the acceptance of media literacy as a core skill. While suggestions to limit inappropriate device use, increase face-to-face socialization, and engage in outdoor play arc beneficial, they do not build the core skills that will keep kids safe offline and are fundamental to well-being and life success: good citizenship, self-awareness and self-control. Those things take teaching, whether you are online or outside. Media literacy is an essential life skill that, once learned, can be applied to any content. While waiting for public education to catch up, parents and educators can build media literacy skills at home with numerous resources, ranging from family technology contracts and discussion guides to easy activities that can be done at home with kids. 1．What does the underlined word “stagnates” in the first paragraph probably mean? A．Gets far ahead. B．Falls apart suddenly. C．Falls well short. D．Gets started officially. 2．What causes people’s moral panic over technology and kids? A．Belief in the rapid growth of new technologies B．Concern over cutting kids off from the Internet C．Inability to balance the use of social media and health. D．Fear of technology causing mental health issues in teenagers. 3．What does paragraph 3 of the text focus on? A．The sources of peer pressure. B．The benefits of minimizing disturbance. C．The problems of current policies. D．The disadvantages of social media platforms 4．Which of the following belongs to media literacy? A．Reducing social media exposure. B．Applying critical thinking to media. C．Increasing face-to-face interactions. D．Recognizing the dangers of social media （2025·江苏·一模）Decision fatigue (决策疲劳) is a psychological phenomenon where the quality of decisions declines after a long session of decision-making. It is caused by the limited mental energy we have for making choices each day. While many of us believe we are logical beings capable of weighing every option carefully, decision fatigue shows how our mental resources can be used up over time. One of the key studies on this phenomenon was conducted in the context of parole hearings (假释听证会). Researchers found that judges were more likely to approve of parole early in the day or after a meal break. As the day progressed and the judges made more decisions, they were increasingly likely to maintain their previous decisions, denying parole simply because it required less mental effort. Decision fatigue not only affects major life choices but also everyday decisions. For instance, people often report struggling to decide what to eat for dinner after a long day. Similarly, too many choices, such as when looking through streaming platforms or online stores, can leave individuals feeling confused, leading them to abandon the process entirely or settle for a less satisfying option. To overcome decision fatigue, some well-known figures have adopted strategies to simplify their daily routines. For example, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg is famous for wearing the same style of gray T-shirts to minimize unnecessary choices. Similarly, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Albert Einstein was known for owing multiple identical suits to avoid wasting energy on deciding what to wear each day. In a different context, author Haruki Murakami has shared that he maintains a strict daily routine, including specific writing hours and exercise, to free up mental capacity for his creative work. Understanding decision fatigue can help us structure our lives more effectively. Prioritizing important decisions earlier in the day or setting up routines to minimize unnecessary choices are strategies to preserve mental energy. By managing our mental resources wisely, we can make sound decisions and reduce the stress associated with overwhelming choices 1．What leads to decision fatigue according to the text? A．The lack of time to make decisions. B．The difficulty of making logical choices. C．The stress from making important decisions. D．The limited mental energy for decision-making. 2．What does the study on parole hearings reveal? A．Judges are much stricter after long breaks. B．Decision fatigue can lead to unfair outcomes. C．Fatigue causes judges to avoid complicated cases. D．External factors have no impact on decision-making. 3．What does the author suggest readers shopping online do? A．Make quick decisions. B．Compare different products. C．Limit the number of choices. D．Choose the most popular products. 4．What is the purpose of adopting routines? A．To reduce the stress of daily work. B．To increase decision-making quality. C．To enhance overall life satisfaction. D．To create more decision-making chances （24-25高三上·江苏常州·阶段练习）Psychologists still aren’t sure about the origins of the central part of the human condition. One theory is that our conscious experience of emotions is based on sensations (感觉) in the body — facial feedback has often been cited as evidence for this theory, but some recent experiments have called it into question. So Stanford research scientist Nicholas Coles organized the Many Smiles Collaboration, a group that included people on both sides of the issue as well as fence-sitters like himself, and together they designed a method that everyone was satisfied with. They created a plan that included two well-known techniques intended to encourage participants to activate their smile muscles. Half of participants were asked to imitate the facial expressions seen in photos of smiling actors, and the others were given instructions to move the corners of their lips toward their ears and lift their cheeks using only the muscles in their face. In each group, half the participants performed the task while looking at cheerful images of puppies, kittens, flowers, and fireworks, and the other half simply saw a blank screen. They also saw these same types of images while directed to use a neutral (中性的) facial expression. In order to hide the goal of the trial, the researchers mixed in several other small physical tasks and asked participants to solve simple math problems. After each task, participants rated how happy they were feeling. The Many Smiles Collaboration collected data from 3,878 participants from 19 countries. After analyzing their data, the researchers found a noticeable increase in happiness from participants imitating smiling photographs or pulling their mouth toward their ears. “The stretch of a smile can make people feel happy and the locked brow can make people feel angry; thus, the conscious experience of emotion must be at least partially based on bodily sensations,” Coles said. “Over the past few years, the science took one step back and a few steps forward. But now we’re closer than ever to understanding a fundamental part of the human condition: emotion.” 1．According to the text, what is the central part of the human condition? A．Emotions. B．Experiences. C．Sensations. D．Expressions. 2．Why did the Many Smiles Collaboration design the new research plan? A．To resolve people’s confusion about smile. B．To help people understand the origin of smile. C．To find out the origin of human emotions. D．To satisfy everyone involved in the experiments. 3．How did the Many Smiles Collaboration mainly carry the research? A．By carrying out investigations. B．By conducting controlled experiments. C．By collecting and analyzing existing data. D．By developing mathematical or computational models. 4．What is Coles’ attitude toward the result of their research? A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving. （24-25高三上·江苏镇江·阶段练习）Have you ever found yourself having intrusive (侵扰的) thoughts about something you haven’t finished? Maybe a half-done work project is keeping you up at night or the suspenseful plot of a novel you’re reading keeps circling your thoughts. There is a reason why it’s so hard to stop thinking about uncompleted and interrupted tasks, and psychologists called it the Zeigarnik effect (Z-effect). The Ziegarnik effect was first observed by a Russian psychologist named Bluma Zeigarnik. While sitting in a busy restaurant in Vienna, Ziegarnik noted that the waiters had better memories of unpaid orders. Once the bill was paid, however, the waiters had trouble remembering the exact details of the orders. Zeigarnik did a series of experiments, in which participants were asked to complete simple tasks such as putting together puzzles, or solving math problems. Half of the participants were interrupted partway through doing these tasks. After an hour-long wait, Zeigarnik asked the participants to describe what they had been working on. She discovered that the people who had been interrupted in their work were twice as likely to remember what they had been doing as the people who had been able to complete the tasks. We are living in an information explosion era, and we need mental tricks to help us remember a great deal of information. The Zeigarnik effect serves as a prime example. We hold on to information in the short term by constantly pulling it back into our awareness. By thinking of uncompleted tasks often, we’re more likely to keep remembering them until they get done. The Zeigarnik effect tells us a lot about how memory works and you can use the Zeigarnik effect to your advantage. If you are struggling to memorize something important, momentary interruptions might work to your advantage. Rather than simply repeating the information, review it a few times, and then take a break. Nevertheless, leaving too many tasks unfinished can lead to feelings of overwhelm and anxiety. Therefore, it’s crucial to use this effect wisely in practical applications. 1．What is the typical characteristic of the Z-effect? A．Tending to memorize unfinished tasks. B．Trying to finish various tasks at a time. C．Performing terribly during a task. D．Suspending an uncompleted task. 2．What is the purpose of paragraph 3? A．To clarify a concept. B．To test an assumption. C．To explain the process of the experiments. D．To add background information. 3．Which is a practical application of the Z-effect? A．Reading a whole story in one breath. B．Producing a drama with unexpected endings. C．Keeping many windows open on your computer. D．Airing ads during the suspenseful moments in a TV series. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Z-Effect: How Interruptions Enhance Memory. B．The Z-Effect: How to Boost Recall of Finished Tasks. C．The Power of Completing Tasks Ahead of Schedule. D．The Tricks of Developing Long-term Memory. （24-25高三上·江苏镇江·阶段练习）When we think about lives filled with meaning, we often focus on people whose grand contributions benefited humanity. Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela surely felt they had a worthwhile life. But how about us ordinary people, struggling in a typical existence? There is an important element to consider. Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or imagine the scenery at the top of a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. This element is defined as EA (experiential appreciation) by Joshua Hicks, a psychological professor at Texas A & M University. Recently, he and his research team set out to figure out whether EA was related to a person’s sense of meaning in a series of studies that involved more than 3,000 participants. At an initial test, researchers had participants rate their agreement of different coping strategies to relieve their stress. They found people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful. Researchers then conducted a series of experiments, in which they gave participants specific tasks and, once more, asked them to report how strongly they identified with statements linked to purpose, etc. In one case, participants who watched an awe-inspiring video reported having a greater sense of EA and meaning in life, compared with those watched more neutral videos. After reflecting on the results collected from the participants, researchers confirmed their original theory. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with targets and goals. We are on the go, and we attempt to maximize output both at work and at leisure. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday life. 1．Why are the butterfly and the scenery on a hill mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To deliver moments of beauty. B．To explain personal experiences. C．To present the concept of EA． D．To show the necessity of protecting nature. 2．How did the researchers conduct the study? A．By studying previous research data. B．By analyzing the response from the participants. C．By shooting videos starring the participants. D．By designing different strategies to reduce stress. 3．Who tends to find life more meaningful according to the text? A．A person who always gets her life well-organized. B．A person who leads a fast-paced life. C．A person who often hears motivating speeches. D．A person who always expects future results. 4．What life philosophy does the author show in the last paragraph? A．No pains, no gains. B．Live your life one day at a time. C．Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle. D．Those who believe in their ability can do anything. 重难语篇拔高练 （24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）In recent years, to monitor biodiversity and perceive how changes in ecosystems affect migratory (迁徙的) routes, researchers and conservationists have focused on tracking migratory bird populations worldwide. These birds, which travel thousands of kilometers between breeding and wintering grounds, face numerous threats, including habitat loss, climate change, and human activities. Using state-of-the-art satellite technology, scientists have managed to collect large datasets on bird movements, providing crucial insights into their migratory patterns and paternal risks. However, despite the abundance of tracking data, a recent study from the University of Cambridge underscores that significant gaps in our understanding of many species still exist. “While we have a vast amount of tracking data, we often overlook smaller migratory species or those that travel less popular routes,” explains Dr. Emma Lewis, the study’s lead author. “Our reliance on satellite tags has also led us to focus mainly on larger species that can carry the weight of the tracking devices, leaving smaller birds, which are often just as vulnerable, underrepresented in our data.” The study examined data from over a million tracking records of migratory birds and identified several areas with limited information. Birds from remote areas, for instance, were much less likely to be tracked due to accessibility issues. Additionally, there was a strong bias (偏见) toward species that are already of high interest to the public, such as eagles or storks, rather than smaller, less prominent birds. Dr. Lewis and her team believe this bias could lead to conservation resources being disproportionately allocated to certain species while neglecting others that may be equally at risk. To address these issues, Dr. Lewis suggests expanding tracking efforts to include more diverse bird populations. “By collaborating with local researchers and investing in lighter, more efficient tracking technology, we can gather data on a broader range of species,” she explains. “Encouraging birdwatchers to report sightings of less common migratory birds could fill current data gaps and offer a more comprehensive image of global migratory patterns.” This combined approach could ensure that future conservation efforts are better informed and more inclusive, ultimately contributing to the protection of all migratory bird species. 1．What’s the main issue with current migratory bird tracking? A．Heavily relying on large databasets. B．Ignoring short-distance migrations. C．Primarily tracking larger bird species. D．Focusing on migration in breeding seasons. 2．What contributes to data gaps in migratory bird tracking? A．Inaccurate public sightings. B．Expensive tracking devices. C．Lack of conservation funding. D．Limitations of tracking technology. 3．What is the researchers’ concern about conservation resources? A．Desperate shortage in popular routes. B．Uneven allocation to certain species. C．Rare accessibility to larger bird species D．Irresponsible overuse in remote habitats 4．How does Dr. Lewis suggest improving bird migration data? A．Limit resources to high-profile species. B．Launch new programs for endangered species. C．Enhance tracking methods for prominent bird species. D．Engage the public in observing underrepresented birds. （24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Imagine you are driving on a stormy night, and your car suddenly alerts you to the danger of an imminent flood or an approaching hurricane. This future, where cars predict weather disasters well in advance, is edging toward reality, says the International Drivers Association. By 2030, cars are expected to evolve into “smart machines” in which reliable, personal weather forecasting units are installed, with advanced sensor technology and machine learning algorithms (算术) delivering real-time, exact weather updates. “Bridging the gap between vehicular technology and meteorology holds massive potential in increasing road safety,” says Julianna Marshall, a travel expert from the International Drivers Association. “Imagine your car alerting you to trouble ahead and then directing you away from a road that’s about to be flooded or a bridge at risk of collapsing due to strong winds. That’s a revolution we’re keenly looking forward to.” Several key factors lay the foundations for these weather-predicting capabilities in cars by the year 2030. Modern cars have complex sensors that can measure atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind speed. These sensors can feed data into an onboard computer, providing crucial real-time weather information. Cutting-edge artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies can now analyse complex weather patterns and predict future outcomes. By integrating these technologies into automotive systems, your car’s computer can provide forecasts along your routes. The interconnectivity of devices, known as the Internet of Things, will play a key role. Cars could share and receive weather data from a vast network of improving the connected devices, accuracy of predictions. Such tech-integrated cars will make driving during severe conditions safer while enhancing the overall travel experience. “Weather prediction in cars can save hundreds of lives annually by minimizing the likelihood of weather-related accidents,” Marshall emphasizes. “Getting hands on a car built with weather prediction technology might be optional today but will become imperative by 2030.” Undeniably, 2030 promises the advent of a transformative era in automobile technology, a world where your car might just be your best weather forecaster. An era where “the future is now” is not just an exciting prospect — it’s the norm. 1．What can the future cars probably do? A．Stop extreme weather happening. B．Change the path of the hurricane. C．Teach drivers how to predict weather. D．Perceive terrible weather conditions. 2．What does paragraph 4 focus on? A．Operational principle of future cars. B．The concept of the Internet of Things. C．The functions of complex sensors. D．Increasing complexity of road safety. 3．What does the underlined word “imperative” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Reliable. B．Essential. C．Complex. D．Unrealistic. 4．What is the author’s intention in the last paragraph? A．To make predictions. B．To offer suggestions. C．To fulfill promises. D．To express regrets. （24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Feeling discouraged after a favorite show ends is common, and it even has an unofficial term: post-series depression (PSD). Rita Kottasz, a marketing professor at Kingston University, defines PSD as “a feeling of emptiness and upset when something you love finishes”. This applies to TV shows, books, or video games, creating a desire for more. The concept of PSD gained popularity on social media and fan blogs in the mid-2010s, particularly during the Golden Age of TV. Kottasz prefers not to use the term PSD, instead calling it “consumer saudade”, a Portuguese word meaning nostalgic (怀旧的) longing. However, a journal editor convinced her to use PSD due to its established use outside of research. Kottasz and her colleagues published a 15-item classification scale for PSD based on interviews with fans who felt sad after their favorite things ended. Common emotions included frustration, disappointment, sadness, and emptiness. Some fans even felt that life was less complete or that they had lost “best friends”. While PSD is often associated with TV shows, Kottasz is exploring its connection to other media, such as the abrupt break of K-pop band BTS (防弹少年团) and novels like Harry Potter. Younger people are more affected than older ones, partially due to on-demand streaming and constant new content pushes from businesses like Netflix. Contrary to popular belief, binge-watching does not seem to trigger PSD．Instead, long-term consumption may be a factor. Kottasz thinks watching a show over several seasons or reading novels across many years strengthens a person’s relationship to the characters. In her 2019 paper, she cites a Harry Potter devotee who started reading the series at age 9 and was “cruelly left behind’ after the final book and film released years later. But it isn’t quite as simple as saying the end of a show or novel controls our emotional state. Brian Kong, a Chicago-based psychologist, is concerned that PSD might imply a causal relationship between low moods and a program’s end. Instead, he says that when viewers feel lasting negativity, TV consumption might be acting as an anesthetic(麻醉剂) for a deeper psychological issue, like how some people with anxiety or depression drink alcohol. Put another way, the low mood already existed, and watching the series only masked it. 1．Which of the following is a common reaetion among fans experiencing PSD? A．A fresh sense of purpose for life. B．A deep satisfaction after the show. C．A great sense of loss of best friends. D．A strong desire for a new hobby 2．What does the underlined word “binge-watching” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Reviewing every detail of a TV show day and night. B．Watching some episodes of a TV show in one sitting. C．Following the episodes of a TV show for a long duration. D．Reading a book series while watching the TV adaptation. 3．What does Brian Kong imply in the last paragraph? A．PSD covers up a deeper psychological issue. B．Viewers with negativity like drinking alcoho. C．TV consumption is the root cause of low moods D．Watching TV series can address psychological issues. 4．What might the following paragraphs focus on? A．The solutions to post-series depression. B．The marketing strategies of TV shows. C．The difference between PSD and nostalgla. D．The impact of social media on fan emotions. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$