Unit5 知识点-2024-2025学年 沪教牛津版英语八年级下学期

U5 1 endangered adj. 濒危的 【派生】endangered adj. 濒临灭绝的；有生命危险的---endanger v. 危及；使遭到危险 ---danger n. 危险---dangerous adj. 危险的---dangerously adv. 危险地 【短语】in danger：处于危险中 反义：out of danger：脱离危险 We should do what we can to save those endangered species, for example, the tiger,an animal which was considered dangerous to humans. 2 file　n. 档案 【短语】on file　存档 a fact file 事实档案 3 in black and white the giant panda 4 weight n. 意为“重量，体重” 【派生】weigh表示“称……的重量”，是及物动词；表示“重(多少)”，是不及物动词。 【短语】by weight表示“按重量”；in weight表示“重量上”；put on（gain）/lose weight 意为“长胖/减肥” e.g. 1　 He weighed the fish. 他称了这条鱼。 2　 The meat weighs five pounds. 这肉重五磅。 3　 Do they charge carriage by weight? 他们是按重量收取运费吗? 4　 It’s smaller in size but greater in weight. 它体积比较小，但分量比较重。 5　 You can do more exercise to lose weight.你可以多锻炼来减肥。 6　 How heavy are you?(同义改写)=What’s your weight？=How much do you weigh？ 5 Population in the wild: about 6000 在野生环境中的数量：大约6000 （1）population： n. 人口，（种群）数量 【用法】 ①population 常与定冠词the连用，做主语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。当主语表示“人口的百分之几，几分之几”时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The population of this city is （am/is/are）over ten million. Half of the population of the country are （am/is/are）farmers. ②表示人口的“多”或“少”，不用much或little，而要用large或small。 e.g The population of Chongqing is large. ③表达“某地/某一范围内有多少人口”时，用have / has a population of e.g. China has a population of more than 1.4 billion. ④询问人口数量常用 What’s the population of the city? = How large is the population of the city? = How many people are there in the city? （2）in the wild: 在野外 wild： n. 自然环境，野生状态 adj. 野外的 野生的;疯狂的 【短语】wild animals 野生动物 wilderness：n.未开垦之地; 荒野 wild wind 狂风 6 weight at birth 出生时的:重量 adult weight: about 100-150 kilograms 成年(大熊猫)体重：约100-150公斤 1 appearance n. 外貌--- appear v. 显得；似乎---disappear v. 消失 2 at birth :在出生时 【词组】give birth to :生下，引起 new birth 新生 birthday 生日 date of birth 出生日期 ③ adult n. (可数名词)成年人=grown-up; 成年动物 adj.成年的，成熟的 her whole adult life 她的整个成年时代 7 a kind/type/sort/form of bear 8 with black patches around its eyes With复合结构是由with+复合宾语组成,常在句中做状语, 表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其构成如下： with + 名词 (或代词) + 介词短语/副词/形容词/现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式 e.g. 1　 With the children at school, we can't take our vacation when we want to. 由于孩子们在上学, 所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假.（原因状语） 2　 He fell asleep with the light on. 他睡着了, 灯还亮着.（伴随情况） 3　 I like to sleep with the windows open. 我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉.（伴随情况） 4　 With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快, 我们买不起高档商品.（原因状语） (prices go up 逻辑上主谓关系) 5　 She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷, 她只好步行回家.（原因状语）（her bike was stolen 逻辑上动宾关系） 6　 The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿.（行为方式） 【with用法归纳】 1　 “用……”表示使用工具，手段等。We can walk with our legs and feet. （用腿脚） 2　 “和……在一起”，表示伴随。例如：Can you go to a movie with me? （和我一起） 3　 “带有，具有”。He’s a tall kid with short hair. 他是个长着一头短发的高个子小孩。 4　 “随着，与……同时”。He came into the classroom with some books. （拿着一些书） 5　 “关于，对于”，表示一种关系或适用范围。What’s wrong with your watch? 9 rest在本句中意为“剩余部分”，用作名词。 The rest of作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后面的名词。some、分数词、百分数作主语时也是同样的用法。 The rest of the books were lost. 剩下的书丢失了。 【拓展】 rest n.“休息”，常用词组有：have a rest/ take a rest =rest v. “休息” 10 Pandas live high up in the mountains of Central and Western China. ①central adj. 中心的;中央的 【派生】center　n. 中心 in the centre of ... 。。。的中心 ②western： adj. 西方的 东方的：eastern 北方的：northern 南方的：southern 11 include v.“包括；包含” including除了是include的现在分词/动名词之外，在日常运用中一般被当作介词使用，和其后的名词/代词一起形成介宾短语，意思是“包括……在内”。 There are 40 students in the classroom, including me.（包括我在内） Your duties include （包括）typing letters and answering the phone 12 A giant panda can eat as much as 30 kilograms of bamboo a day. 相当于 A giant panda can eat as much bamboo as 30 kilograms a day. as much as多达，修饰不可数名词 as many as...多达......， 修饰可数名词，强调“多” 【拓展】 ①“与……一样多”。有时much后面可接被修饰的名词(不可数)。 Give me as much as you gave Jane. 给我的要和你给简的一样多。 I haven’t got as much money as I thought. 我不像原来想象的有那么多钱。 ②“尽量；尽最大努力(可能)”，其后常接possible或one can。 You ought to rest as much as possible/you can. 你应当尽量多休息。 13 Pandas like to live on their own. own adj. 自己的，拥有的 v. 拥有 =have 【短语】on one’s own 独立，靠某人自己，相当于by oneself=without one’s help=alone ... of one’s own : 中文意思：某人自己的...... e.g. We have a house of our own.我们有一座自己的房屋. 14 They need to eat a lot to stay healthy, so they spend more than 12 hours a day eating. ①不定式 to +do在这里表目的，stay为系动词，“保持（某种状态）”，后接adj. stay healthy 保持健康= keep/remain healthy/ fit 【拓展】连系动词词的后面，说明主语的特征、状态或身份，后接形容词 常见的系动词有：be(am, is, are), become, get, turn, look, keep, seem, appear等 感官动词（五个”起来”）look, sound, smell, feel. taste 表变化的词become, get, turn, go等 表保持的词keep, stay, remain等 ②spend表花费, 主语必须是人。 【拓展】 ①sb. spend time/money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱) ②sb. spend time/ money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。 ③sb. spend...with sb. 与某人共度时光 He spends half an hour doing (do) his homework every day. cost, pay, spend 和take 都表示“花费”，但它们的搭配各不相同： 主语 花费 搭配 1. Sth._ cost sb. money 2. sb pay (money) for sth/ sb. 3. sb spend time/money (in) doing sth time/money on sth 4. It /sth./doing sth take(s) sb time to do sth. sb time. e.g. 1　 How much did that bag cost? 2　 He has paid ￡10 for the meal. 3　 He spent ¥20 on the pen. 4　 I spent a week (in) finishing reading the book. 5　 It took me three days to travel in Beijing. 6　 The work will take us two hours. 15 Although they are big and heavy, it is not difficult for them to climb trees. (1) although 是“即使，虽然”的意思，引导让步状语从句，注意不能跟“but”连用 e.g. _Although_ it was raining hard, he kept working.=It was raining hard, but he kept working. 句型It is +adj +for sb + to do sth 意思是“做某事对于某人来说怎么样”，此时的形容词是形容事物，如：important, necessary, possible, impossible, hard, difficult, easy......相当于 To do sth. is + adj +for sb. 1　 It’s difficult for me to finish this work by myself. = To finish this work by myself is difficult for me. 2　 It is easy for me to look after a puppy dog. = To look after a puppy dog is easy for me. 3　 It is important for him to pass the driving test. =To pass the driving test is important for him. 16 They are strong enough to protect themselves.保护他们自己 enough 足够的（地） ① adj. 足够的时间enough time 足够的钱enough money ② adv. 放在所修饰的形容词副词的后面 够快 fast enough 够高 tall enough 够仔细 careful enough ③ adj/adv+ enough+ to do sth He is old enough to go to school.他已经到了上学的年龄了。 【拓展】与“too...to太.....而不能......； so...that如此......以致......”进行转换 eg: The boy isn’t old enough to go to school. =The boy is too young to go to school. =The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. 17 up to = as many as 35 years 18 cut down forests 砍树 lose one’s homes 流离失所，失去家园（lose one’s life = die; lose one’s way =get lost） kill sb. for sth. 因为...而捕杀... killer n. 杀手，凶手 kill the time 打发时间，消磨时间 19 It is cruel of them to do so=kill them for their fur. (1) cruel adj. 残忍的--- cruelly adv. 残忍地---cruelty n. 残忍 be cruel to sb. 对某人很残忍 (2) so adv. (指刚说过的事物)这样，如此。常用于do, hope, say, 或if, that 等词后，用来代替上文出现过的动宾或动状结构，以避免重复。 e.g. 1　 --Will it be sunny tomorrow? --I hope so. 希望如此。 2　 Do you have any new ideas? If so (如果有),we’d love to hear from you. （3） 句型it is +adj + of sb to do sth表示“某人做某事怎么样”，此时的形容词表示人的品质，如good, kind, brave, clever, careful, careless, cruel, rude, silly, wise….相当于sb. is + adj. + to do sth. e.g. 1　 It’s kind of you to help me with my math. 你太好了帮我学数学。 = You are kind to help me with my math. 2　 It is foolish of me to say something like that. =I am foolish to say something like that. 3　 It’s clever of him to work out the problem in such a shot time. =He is clever to work out the problem in such a short time. 20 the total number of animals in an area…… the number of 意为“……的数量”，做主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式； a number of 意为“大量，许多”， 后可接可数名词复数，做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 e.g. 1　 A number of tourists are travelling to the Great Wall. 2　 The number of cities is increasing quickly. 21 at the shoulder I sat in the grass at the shoulder of the road. 我坐在路肩的草地上。 Any of various breeds of small gentle horses usually less than five feet high at the shoulder. 各种小型而温和的马，其肩部通常底于五英尺。 22 the part of body between the arms and the necks between…and… 在…和…之间 （两者之间） among （三者或三者以上之间） 1　 Have a break between classes. 2　 A monkey stands among lots of boys. 23 Shannxi 陕西 Shanxi山西 24 This can cause problems for famers. cause n. 原因;起因 v. 造成;引起 What's the cause=reason of his death?他的死因是什么? The burn on her hand was caused by a hot iron.她手上的伤是被电熨斗烫的。 25 P69 Instead, you can move your eyes quickly over the text to find the information you need. 辨析：instead与instead of instead作为副词，后面不跟宾语，而instead of是介词短语，后面需要跟宾语。 instead还可以表示：反而，却。表达转折的意思。instead of没有这种用法。 e.g. ①．I will read newspapers instead of seeing a film. ②．The boy didn’t eat the cake, instead, he gave it to his mother. 26 What dangers do they face? face　v. 面对 n.脸 【短语】face to face 面对面 make faces 做鬼脸 lose ones face 丢脸 be faced with...面临，面对 27 I know this organization.It look after endangered animals. ①． organization n.组织 【派生】organize：v. 组织 organizer：n. 组织者，安排者 ②．look after 照顾，照看 = take care of /care for 【短语】look at 看 look for 寻找 look like 看起来像 look up 查询 look through 浏览 look out 当心 look down upon 看不起，轻视 look around 环顾四周 look forward to 盼望 28 Grammar短语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1　 products made from endangered animals 由濒危动物制成的产品 2　 hunting of ......的猎杀 3　 the homes of ......的家 4　 throw rocks at 朝......扔石块 5　 feel really sorry about... 对......感到非常抱歉 6　 fly away 飞走 7　 do a lot of walking 走了许多路 8　 show sb. the way to 给某人指去......的路 9　 at least 至少 at most 至多 10　 wave at sb. 向某人挥手 11　 right now 此刻；立刻 29 (speaking ) We mustn’t throw rubbish into the river. mustn’t: 禁止，不应该 must: 强调主观看法，没有人称，数和时态的变化。must 引起的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must；否定回答用needn’t=don't/doesn’t have to. Mustn’t 禁止，不允许 （多和生命安全或规章制度有关） have to: 强调客观需要。有人称，数和时态的变化，进行句式转换时要借助动词do/does/did. e.g. We must work hard at our lessons. You have to wear sports shoes for your P.E. class. You mustn’t get off the bus when it is moving. 30 What else should we do? =What other things should we do? Else adv. 另外，还有 用在①who，what, where 等疑问词后表强调； ②与不定代词或不定副词连用，放在其后-one, -body, -thing, -where Who else （还有谁）will go to the meeting? Would you like something else to drink?（喝点别的什么） We went to the park and nowhere else. （其它什么地方都没去） 31 height n. 高度 high adj./adv. 高的/地 wide -width long - length 32 that long that adv. 那样，那么；(非正式)很，非常 33 speaking 和writing 短语 1　 2　 fur products 毛皮制品 3　 what else 还有什么 4　 Good idea. 好主意。 5　 face danger 面临危险 6　 Asian elephants 非洲象 7　 blue whales 蓝鲸 8　 South China tigers 华南虎 9　 weigh up to 重达 10　 at the shoulder 至肩膀高度 11　 live in the grasslands 生活在草原上 12　 in large groups 成群的 13　 South-East Asia 东南亚 . It looks after endangered animals. look 的相关短语： look around 向周围看 look out 向外看；当心 look like 看起来像 look up 查阅资料，查字典 look forward to 盼望 look for 寻找 look at 看着 look after 照顾；照料 34 Have you ever heard of the song “The story of the red-crowned crane”? 你是否听说过这首歌“丹顶鹤的故事” ？ hear v. “听到” hear of/about sb/sth “听说过” hear from “收到来信” eg: I have never heard of/about the man. 我从来都没听说过这人。 I am glad to hear from you. 我很高兴收到你的来信。 35 It is about a girl called Xujuan. called Xujuan 在这里充当后置定语成分。 Called= named = with the name of = whose name is = who/which is called/named 36 Her father’s job was to look after red-crowned cranes. Her lifelong dream/wish was to be a famous writer. 她的毕生愿望就是成为名作家。 Her hobby is playing football. 她的爱好是踢足球。 37 show great love for sth. 展现了对... 巨大的热爱 38 She became good at raising them. become good at sth./doing sth. 变得擅长(做)某事 raise =keep v. 喂养，饲养 39 until conj. , prep. “到…时；直到…为止” ①until用作介词用于肯定句时表示“直到…为止”，指某一动作或状态一直持续到till后面的词语所表示的时间为止，这时主句的谓语动词是延续性动词。 The shop is open until 6:30. 这家店开到6：30. ②until用于否定句时表示“在…以前，直到…才”，这时主句所表示的是一种持续的否定状态，否定状态一结束，肯定动作或状态就开始。 She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock. 她直到6点才到。 40 【短语】 1　 2　 get a job 3　 at a nature reserve 4　 baby cranes 5　 every day 6　 go missing 7　 look for 8　 day and night 9　 a missing bird 10　 fall into a river 11　 in memory of…= to memorize 12　 die young 13　 use ... as ... 14　 environmental organization 15　 live in harmony with nature 得到一份工作 在一个自然保护区 幼鹤 每天 失踪 寻找 昼夜；日日夜夜 失踪的鸟 落入河中 纪念 …… 英年早逝 把......当作......使用 环保组织 与自然和谐共生 $$