Unit1 Looking Forwards【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记 · 巧练（外研版2019选择性必修第四册）

Unit 1 Looking Forwards Unit1 话题 人与自我 词汇 1．ambition 2．bullfighting 3．ultimately 4．backwards 5．diverge6．undergrowth 7．numerous 8．dilemma 9．complex10．commercial11．symbolize 12．alternative 13．arise 14．circumstance 15．sincerely16．shift 短语 1．take action采取行动2．come one’s way发生在某人身上3．in the face of面对 4．in place处于合适的位置；就位，到位5．take a leaf out of one’s book 从书中接受教训6．make up one’s mind做出决定，拿定主意7．pass up放过，放弃错过(机会)8．insight into洞察；对……深刻理解9．have second thoughts (对原先的决定)犹豫，产生怀疑10．put off推迟……，使……延期11．arise from由……引起12．reject...out of hand坚决拒绝……；彻底否决……13．weigh up权衡；仔细考虑14．look back (on)回顾，回忆 句型 1．On leaving high school，he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter. 2．Having set himself this goal，he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War，the Spanish Civil War，bullfighting and deep­sea fishing，amongst others. 3．In desperation，Doyle killed off the famous detective in a novel published in 1893 so that he could focus on his “serious” writing. 4．When reading The Road Not Taken，one cannot help but see in one’s mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside. 语法 复习动词时态 写作 申请信 考点1..in the face of面对 In the face of such questions, how should we approach the future?面对这些疑问，我们应该如何走近未来呢？ 【拓展】 be faced with __________ lose face ________ make faces/a face ________ save face _______ look sb. in the face _________ face to face ____________ 【经典练】 ①They showed great fortitude _____________ difficulties. 他们面对困难表现了坚强的毅力。 ②We ______________ a very difficult choice. 我们面临一项很艰难的抉择。 补全句子 ③There are also unhappy smiles, such as when someone ___________and smiles to hide it. 还有不愉快的微笑，比如当某人“丢了面子”时就会用微笑来掩饰。 考点2.take action采取行动 Can we take action to shape it，or should we just accept whatever comes our way? 我们能采取行动来影响未来的发展吗，还是我们应该接受我们所遇到的一切？ 【拓展】 take action/steps/measures to do sth. ________________ in action ______________ out of action _______________ put... into action ____________________ 【经典练】 ①In the face of such a serious problem, the government should _____________to solve it. 面对如此严重的问题，政府应该采取行动来解决它。 ②If you can really _____ the three points ___________, you will surely be able to live a happy life. 如果你真能把这三点付诸行动，你肯定能过上幸福的生活。 ③Lack of talent and time is no reason for _________ no ___________. 缺乏人才和时间不是不行动的理由。 【好句背默】 ④We must _______________ protect our environment.我们必须采取行动保护环境。 考点3.come one's way意外地落在某人头上，偶尔发生在某人身上 Can we take action to shape it，or should we just accept whatever comes our way? 我们能采取行动来影响未来的发展吗，还是我们应该接受我们所遇到的一切？ 【拓展】 lose one's way ___________ make one's way _______________ make way for __________________ give way to _______________ push one's way _______________ feel/wind one's way ______________________ 【经典练】 ①Luck had _____________ at the very last moment. 好运在最后时刻降临到她头上。 ②The hunter ________________ to the wild. 猎人前往野外。 ③He ______________ in the darkness and found a motorbike was in the way. 他在黑暗中摸索着前进，发现一辆摩托车挡住了路。 考点4. ambition n.[C]追求的目标;理想;夙愿;[U]抱负,雄心,志向 The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early boyhood single-minded in his ambition to write. 美国作家欧内斯特·海明威生于1899年,从少年时代早期起就一心追求当作家。(教材P3) 【拓展】 one's ambition is to do sth. ______________ an ambition to do sth./of doing sth. ________________ realize/achieve/fulfill one's ambition ________________ be full of ambition ________________ ambitious adj. ________________ be ambitious for... ________________ 【经典练】 ①“My ________________ is to set up a business in China after graduation,” she said. 她说:“我的志向是毕业后在中国开办一个公司。” ②Ultimately, she ________________ to become/of becoming a professional musician. 最终,她实现了当专业音乐家的夙愿。 ③I convinced him of his capability to________________ since he had had sufficient practice and strong determination. 我使他相信他有能力完成这个目标,因为他已经进行了充足的练习,并且有坚定的决心。 【好句背默】 ④Robert is a very ________________man and one of his ________________ is to become a great scientist in the future. 罗伯特是一位非常有雄心的人，他的目标之一是将来成为一位伟大的科学家。 考点5. guarantee v．保证；担保；保修 n．保证；保证书 As many of us already know，having plans in place for the future is no guarantee that they will become reality. 正如我们许多人已经知道的那样，为未来制订好计划并不能保证它们会成为现实。 【拓展】 (1)guarantee sb.sth.(＝ensure sb.sth.)________________ guarantee to do sth. ________________ guarantee that... ________________ guarantee sth.for some time ________________ (2)give sb.a guarantee that... ________________ under guarantee ________________ 【经典练】 ①This camera has a two-year guarantee.Now it’s still ____ guarantee.这部相机保修两年，现在仍在保修期内。 ②Usually a new car can be guaranteed __________ two years or 60，000 km.一辆新车通常可以保修两年或6万公里。 ③We guarantee ________________ (replace) the broken door free of charge.我们保证免费更换破损的门。 【好句背默】 此外，我曾多次被招募做志愿者，出色的英语能力保证了我能获得一份优秀的工作。 ④Besides，I have been recruited to be a volunteer several times and my excellent English ________________________________. ⑤Besides，I have been recruited to be a volunteer several times and my excellent English ________________________________. 考点6.be forced to do sth.被迫做某事 However, fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle, under immense pressure, was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead.然而，福尔摩斯谜们非常愤怒，这使道儿在巨大的压力之下，不得不让福尔摩斯起死回生。 【拓展】 (1)force sb. to do sth.＝force sb. into doing sth. ________________ be forced to do sth.＝be forced into doing sth. ________________ (2)by force________________ come into force________________ bring... into force________________ 【经典练】 ①He ________________ his ambition to become an actor. 他不得不放弃他成为演员的理想。 ②I tell my mom that if we're________________things we may become ill. 我告诉妈妈，如果我们被迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。 ③Parking restrictions in the town are going to ________________ this year..这个镇上的停车限制今年就要实施。 考点7.admission n.允许进入或加入;承认;入场费 I’ve been recommended for admission to study physics at my dream university. 我已经被推荐进入我梦想的大学去学物理。 【拓展】 (1)admission to ...________________ gain/obtain admission to...________________ an admission of guilt/failure/defeat ________________ admission charges/prices ________________ (2)admit v.________________ admit...to/into... ________________ admit (to) doing sth. ________________ admit (to) sth. ________________ admit to sb.(that)...________________ It’s admitted that...________________ 【经典练】 ①I’m writing to apply for ________________ to your club. 我写信是为了申请加入你们的俱乐部。 ②After unremitting efforts, he successfully________________ the major of his choice. 经过不懈的努力,他成功地被自己选的专业录取了。 ③The student ________________in the exam and he was punished for it. 那个学生承认在考试中作弊,而且他也因为此事受到了惩罚。 【好句背默】 ④News came that she had ________________ a top university. 消息传来,她被一所顶尖大学录取了。 考点8.pass up放过，放弃，错过(机会) I think it would be a great pity to pass up the opportunity to be admitted without taking the exam.我认为错过这次不参加考试就被入取的机会是非常遗憾的。 【拓展】 pass away ________________ pass by ________________ pass down ________________ pass out ________________ pass...on to ________________ pass...off as ________________ 【经典练】 ①The story is passed______ from generation to generation in the village.这个故事在村里代代相传。 ②He has made up his mind to be independent ever since his father passed________.自从他父亲去世以后，他就下定决心要独立生活。 ③He felt sick and dizzy and then passed________.他感到恶心和头晕，然后晕了过去。 ④In order to distinguish herself, the girl pass herself off ________ a well­known film star.为了突出自己，这个女孩冒充一个著名的电影明星。 【好句背默】 ⑤Never________________ a good chance for you to succeed.绝不要错过你可能成功的好机会。 考点9.put off 推迟…… ,使…… 延期 Can you put off making a decision until you’ve spoken to your high school advisor? 你能把做决定推迟到跟你的高中导师谈过之后吗? 【拓展】 put up________________ put on________________ put out________________ put down________________ put forward________________ put aside________________ put away ________________ put up with ________________ 【经典练】 ①We can’t put ________buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work. 为我们公司购买一台新打印机的事不能再推迟了,我们现有的这台坏了。 ②Posters were put________ around our school, calling upon us to take action for a greener earth. 我们学校到处都张贴了海报,呼吁我们采取行动去打造一个更加绿色的地球。 ③The band plans to put ________ a show before the end of the year. 这支乐队计划在年底前举办一场演出。 ④Let me put ________your telephone number in case I forget it. 让我记下你的电话号码,以免我忘了。 ⑤The manager put ________a suggestion that we should have an assistant. 经理提出了一个建议,即我们应该有一个助手。 考点10.weigh up仔细考虑，权衡 Then we can weigh up the options and try to come to a decision。然后我们可以权衡各种选择再试着做出决定。 【拓展】 by weight _____________ put on/gain weight _____________ lose weight _____________ watch one's weight _____________ 【经典练】 ①After weighing ________all the possible choices, he made the final decision.在权衡了所有可能的选择之后，他做出了最后的决定。 ②It is said that bananas are sold _____ weight in that country.据说在那个国家香蕉是按重量出售的。 ③I am wondering why I put_____ weight so easily.我很奇怪为什么我这么容易就长胖了。 ④She doesn't want to pass up the chance to_____ _____ .她不想错过减肥的机会。 【好句背默】 ⑤It is important to __________ the pros and cons before the final decisions is made.在做最终的决定之前权衡利弊很重要。 考点11.participation n.参加,参与 In addition to participation in school, a part-time job—such as working in a cafe or in a office administration role —can also be helpful in this transition.除了上学,兼职——比如在咖啡厅或行政办公室工作——也可以在这一过渡中有所帮助。 【拓展】 ①participate v_____________ participate in _____________ (同义短语:take part in, join in, get involved in) ②participant n._____________ 【经典练】 ①There is no denying that our _____________ in environmental protection will make a difference.无可否认,我们对环保的参与将会产生影响。 ②Anyone who is interested in Chinese calligraphy is welcome to _____________in this activity. 任何对中国书法感兴趣的人都可参加这次活动。 考点12.alternative n.可供选择的事物;替代品adj.可供替代的;另外的;非传统的;另类的 Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis. 生活每天都向我们抛出许多选择。 【拓展】 (1)have no alternative/choice/option but to do sth. _____________ an alternative to   _____________ an alternative method/way/approach/solution_____________ alternative energy/values_____________ (2)alternatively adv._____________ 【经典练】 ①The problem troubles me a lot, so I have no _____________ but to turn to you for help. 这个问题让我很困扰,因此我别无选择只好向你求助。  ②There are _____________to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat .除了持续的书面交流外还有其他的选择,比如留下语音信息或展开群聊。 ③The agency will make travel arrangements for you. _____________, you can organize your own transport.旅行社将为你安排旅程,或者你也可以自己安排交通工具。 【好句背默】 ④Failure is the mother of success. Sometimes, in order to succeed, we ____________________________________________________________. 失败乃成功之母。有时候，为了成功，我们别无选择只能勇敢直面失败并从中吸取教训。 考点13.arise v.(由……)引起;出现,产生;起床;起身 Of course, the greatest dilemmas arise from moral problems, when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing. 当然,最大的困境往往源于道德问题,因为我们不确定哪个选择会导致做正确的事情。 【拓展】 Arise from/out of  _____________ 【经典练】 ①Your illness_____________ the lack of exercise, so I hope you can take these suggestions into consideration. 你生病是由缺乏锻炼引起的,所以我希望你能考虑这些建议。 ②In class, the students usually__________ their hands first and then_____________ to answer the teacher’s questions.。 ③With the level of haze_________greatly, many people work to_________ public awareness of environment protection。 易混辨析 易混词 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 arise vi.(由……)引起; 出现,产生; 起床;起身 arose arisen arising rise vi.(太阳,月亮等)升起;(数量、价位等)增长/上升;(水平、位置、声音等)提高;起床;起身 rose risen rising raise vt.举起;提高;养育;饲养;引起 raised raised raising arouse vt.唤醒;激起;引起(感情、态度等) aroused aroused arousing 【好句背默】 ④__________ in a small village, he found that everything in the outside world __________ his curiosity. As more and more problems __________, his ability to solve problems was also ___________. 由于在一个小村庄长大,他发现外面世界的一切都激起了他的好奇心。随着越来越多的问题出现,他解决问题的能力也在提高。 考点14.circumstance n.情况,情形;条件;环境;[pl.]境况;(尤指)经济状况 Once we make a decision, in most circumstances, there is no going back. 在大多数情况下,一旦我们做了决定,就没有回头路了。 【拓展】 in/under  ...circumstances _____________ in/under   the circumstances _____________ in/under no circumstances 　_____________    【经典练】 ①_____________, he felt unable to accept the job. 在这种情况下,他觉得不能接受这份工作。 ②_____________ shall any vehicles be parked in the place where the bus stops. 任何车辆无论如何都不能停在公共汽车停靠的地方。 ③After the speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker _____________. 演讲课后,你将能够发展在许多情况下都能成为一个批判性思考者的技能。 考点15.affection n.喜爱,钟爱 For example, the rose could represent love and affection, and the rainbow could symbolize hope. 例如,玫瑰可以代表爱和喜欢,彩虹可以象征希望。 【拓展】 (1)(an) affection for  _____________ show sb. affection_____________ (2)affect v._____________ affecting adj._____________ 【经典练】 ①She is an ordinary teacher who loves her work and shows her students great __________.她是一位热爱自己的工作并且非常关爱自己的学生的普通教师。 ②Higher energy prices will affect food prices because the costs of fuel __________ transportation. 更高的能源价格将影响食品价格,因为燃料成本影响运输。 ③All the audience were deeply moved by the __________ love story. 所有的观众都被这个感人的爱情故事深深地打动了。 考点16.qualified adj.合格的,胜任的;符合资格;具备……的学历/资历 Match the headings to the sections and find out how qualified the applicant is for the job.将标题与各部分进行匹配,并看一看该申请人是如何能胜任这项工作的。 【拓展】 (1)be qualified for sth./ to do   sth.___________________ (2)qualify v..___________________ disqualify v..___________________ qualify sb. for sth./to do sth. .___________________ qualify (sb.) for sth..___________________ qualify as... .___________________ (3)qualification n..___________________ the qualification for sth./to do sth. .___________________ 【经典练】 ①Those who have passed the examination .___________________ compete for the post. 通过考试者有资格竞争这个岗位。 ②I believe my experience will __________me for the job. 我相信我的经验将使我胜任这份工作。  ③What sort of__________________ do you need for the job? 做这项工作需要什么资格?  【好句背默】 ④With my educational background and working experience, I believe I.___________________ the position. 以我的教育背景和工作经验,我相信我能胜任这个职位。 考点17.The next, our eyes are open and we find ourselves wondering or even worrying about possibly the most important issue of our lives----the future.但下一刻，我们就睁开了双眼，发现自己在思考甚至在担忧可能是人生中最重要的问题-----未来。 本句中含有一个find的复合结构。find oneself...的意思是“发现自己(做某事或处于某种状态)”，指没有意料到的事或状态。 【拓展】 find的常见复合结构为： find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 【经典练】 ①Did you find life hard in the country?你觉得农村生活艰苦吗？ ②I found him in his own room.我发现他在自己的房间里。 ③When I came in，I found her watching (watch) TV.当我进去时，我发现她正看电视。 ④He found a cow tied (tie)to the tree in the yard.他发现庭院里的树上拴着一头奶牛。 [名师提醒]　在“find＋复合宾语”结构中，当宾语是不定式或从句时，应用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语放在宾补之后。 【好句背默】 ⑤Frustrated by frequent failures in my English exams，I found myself on the point of giving up totally.由于英语考试屡遭失败，我发现自己几乎要彻底放弃了。 考点18.On leaving high school, he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter. 高中一毕业，他就加入了堪萨斯当地一家报社，成为一名实习记者。　 “on/upon＋n./v.­ing”是介词短语，表示“一……就……”，作时间状语。 【拓展】 “一……就……”的其他表达： as soon as(引导时间状语从句) at the sight/sound of...一看见/听见…… the moment/minute/instant/second(名词用作连词)＋句子 immediately/instantly/directly(副词用作连词)＋句子 hardly/scarcely...when... no sooner...than... 【经典练】 ①.____________ arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups. 一到茶馆，独特的茶壶和茶杯就给这些外国学生留下了深刻印象。 ②She cut out the article from the newspaper .___________________she saw it. 她在报纸上一看到这篇文章就剪了下来。 ③.___________________ had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 莫言一登台，观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。 [名师提醒]　在该类句式中，当hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句首时，主句用部分倒装结构，从句不用倒装 【好句背默】 ④She had requested the community to turn it into a museum ___________ her death. 她要求社区等她一去世就把它变成一个博物馆。 考点19.Interestingly，Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he was waiting for patients in his medical practice in London. 有趣的是，道尔在伦敦的医疗诊所等病人时，就写了一些早期福尔摩斯的故事。 本句中while用作从属连词，意思是当……时候。 【拓展】 while的意义和用法： (1)“当……的时候；和……同时”，引导时间状语从句。 (2) “可是；然而”，表示对比、转折，连接两个并列分句形成“对比”关系。 (3)“尽管；虽然”，多位于句首，引导让步状语从句。 【经典练】 ①________ he loves his students，he is very strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生，但是他对他们要求很严格。 ②Last Sunday，Jack wanted to go to the cinema，________ his cousin would rather stay at home. 上星期天，杰克想去看电影，而他的表弟却宁愿待在家里。 ③He took a bath .___________________.我在准备晚饭时，他洗了澡。 [名师提醒]　when“当(在)……时”，可表示时间点或时间段，与主句所述的动作、事情可能同时发生，也可有先后；while“正当(正在)……时”，用于表示同时进行的两个延续性动作相伴随而发生，常对同类的两个动作进行对比。 【好句背默】 ④Li Jiang and Su Hua don’t agree on what to wear when greeting the British students.Li Jiang suggests traditional Chinese clothes _________ Su Hua.___________________. 李江和苏华在与英国学生会面时应该穿什么这个问题上意见不一致。李江建议穿传统的中国服装，而苏华认为校服更合适。 考点20.So, whatever twists and turns you might encounter, take a leaf out of the books of these two authors and be prepared for the unexpected.因此，无论你可能遇到什么曲折，都要以两位作者为榜样，为意想不到的事情做好准备。 whatever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”，相当于no matter what。wh­ever这类词引导让步状语从句时，通常可以转换成“no matter＋相应的wh­词”。 【拓展】 (1) 引导让步状语从句 (2)whatever, whichever, who(m)ever既可引导让步状语从句，又可引导名词性从句。 (3)no matter what, no matter which, no matter who(m)只引导让步状语从句。 【经典练】 ①.___________________ far away we are, we feel close to each other.无论我们距离有多远，我们都会感觉彼此很亲近。 ②.___________________happens, I'll stand by you.无论发生什么，我都会支持你。 ③.___________________making small inventions can join in it.任何对制作小发明感兴趣的人都可以参加。 ④.___________________ road you take, it will lead you to the station.无论你走哪一条路都会到车站。 1． 语法精讲——动词时态 1.For many of us, it's something we already have experienced.________ 2.One moment, we are lying comfortably in bed, about to fall into a deep sleep._________ 3.The next, our eyes are open and we find ourselves wondering or even worrying about possibly the most important issue of our lives—the future.___________ 4.Will we get into the school of our choice?___________ 5.What will we be doing in ten years' time?___________ 6.Although they shared the same ambitious and energetic approach to life, their careers unfolded in contrasting ways.___________ 7.He would later go on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.___________ 8.By contrast, the young Arthur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in 1859, had originally worked as a doctor.___________ 9.Interestingly, Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he was waiting for patients in his medical practice in London.___________ 10....but Sherlock Holmes has been entertaining readers for well over a century.___________ 观察上面句子的黑体部分，在句子后面的横线上写出该句所用的时态。 时态是谓语动词通过自身的变化来表示动作或情况发生的时间的各种形式。主要时态有十种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时。不同的时态要通过谓语动词的形式变化来表达,动词中只有实义动词可以单独作谓语。 一、一般时态 (一)一般现在时:do/does/am/is/are 1.表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或主语现在的状态、特征等。常见的时间状语有always、usually、every day/year/morning/night、sometimes、often等。 I go there every day.(现在的习惯) He is always like that.(现在的状态) 2.表示客观真理、科学事实、名言警句等(该用法只能用一般现在时)。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。 3.表示按时间表、规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作。 The train for London leaves at seven o’clock in the morning. 4.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来,即遵循“主将从现”原则。 If it rains tomorrow, I’ll stay at home. (2) 一般过去时:did/was/were 1.指过去的情况或所处的状态,或表示过去经常发生或习惯性的动作。常见的时间状语有yesterday、just now、last night/week/year、“in+过去的年份”、the other day、...day(s) ago、the day before yesterday等。 He came here yesterday. 2.表示“刚才,刚刚”之意,常暗示现在已“不再这样”。 Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. 3.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示过去将来的动作。 She said she would come if I waited for her. (三)一般将来时will/shall do/be 1．表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或状态； I will see an English movie tonight. 2．一般将来时的其他构成形式及一般用法 (1)be going to do(表示打算去做的事或根据某种迹象预示要发生某事)； We’re going to swim this weekend. Look at the dark clouds. It’s going to rain. (2)be to do(表示按计划或安排即将要做的事或按照职责、义务、规定、命令等应该做某事)； (3)be about to do(表示即将要发生的动作)；The train is about to start. (4)另外，go、leave等动词的现在进行时形式也可表示按计划或安排即将要做的事。He is to be a good singer. (四)过去将来时：would/should do/be 1．过去将来时的用法 表示从过去某时间看，将要发生的事情。 She should go to America next week. 她下周就要去美国了。 2.过去将来时的其他构成形式及一般用法 （1）was／were going to do 表示过去的打算、计划或意图。 He was going to start work the following day. 他打算第二天就开始工作。 （2）was／were to do 表示过去的计划或打算或注定要发生的事情。 These first things that I learnt were to change my life. 我最先学来的这些东西将会改变我的生活。 （3）was/were doing(coming/going/leaving/arriving/planning/staying/starting/getting/having...)表 示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，start等, 可用过去进行时表示按照过去的计划或安排将在过去将来 发生的事情。 I didn’t know you were coming. 我不知道你要来。 （4）was／were about to do 表示过去即将发生的事情。 I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感觉某件可怕的事情就要发生。 【经典练】 ①I think I should take the offer now.But at the moment, school (come) first. ②Look at the dark clouds.It is going (rain)． ③My friend said he (be) here at eight o'clock. 二、进行时态 (一)现在进行时: am/is/are doing 1.表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有now、at present、at the moment、these days等。 The workers are building a new railway. 2.与always、continually、constantly等频率副词连用,表达高兴、赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等 感情色彩。 He is always thinking of others first.(表示赞赏) 3.部分动词或动词词组的进行时表“将来”之意,如come、go、arrive、leave、begin、 start、take off等。 The ambulance is arriving. (二)过去进行时: was/were doing 1.表示过去某时刻或时间段正在进行的动作或所处的状态。常用的时间状语有then、at that time、those days等。 What were you doing at that time? 2.wonder、hope、think、expect等动词的过去进行时可表示委婉的请求。 3.come、go、arrive、leave、begin、start、get、take off等非延续性动词(词组)的过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。 It was getting dark when we arrived. (三)将来进行时: will be doing 表示将来某时间点或时间段正在进行的动作,常表示事情的正常发展。 Daniel’s family will be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week. 【经典练】 ①The man (forget) something. ②The boy fell while he (ride) his bicycle yesterday. ③—Mary, could I use your computer this evening? —Sorry.I (write) my essay on it then. 三、完成时态 (一)现在完成时has/have done 用于强调过去发生或已经完成的某动作对现在产生的影响。 1.in/over/during the last/past...years、“for+时间段”、lately、recently、up to/till now、so far等时间状语通常与现在完成时连用。 In the last two years, we have learned 1,000 English words. 2.since后接过去的时间点或引导一般过去时的从句时,句子/主句常用现在完成时。 We have learned 1,000 words since we came here. 特别提醒 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用现在完成时代替将来完成时,表达“将来动作完成之后的情况”。 When you have finished your homework, I’ll take you to the park. (二)过去完成时had done 表示在过去的某个动作或时间之前 完成的事情。 1.表示在过去某一时间或动作前已完成的动作（即表示“过去的过去”）。 He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office. 老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。 2.表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与“by/until/before/by the end of+表示过去某一时间”的短语或从句连用。 By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician. 十多岁的时候，他已经是一位出色的小音乐家了。 3.表示愿望、打算的词，如hope、expect、mean、intend、want、suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。 I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I was not able to leave. 我本打算今年好好度假，但我未能出发。 4.在“It was/had been+一段时间+since从句”句型中，从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时。 It was three years since Jack had been a teacher. 杰克当老师已经三年了。 5.在句型“It was the first/second...time+从句”中，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。 It was the first time that he hadn't worked on Saturday. 这是他第一次在星期六不上班。 6.在hardly...when...、no sooner...than...句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”;hardly、no sooner位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.我一到家就开始下雨了。 (三)将来完成时will/shall have done 表示将来某时间之前或某动作之前已经完成的动作，或一个持续到将来某时间或某动作发生之前的动作。 I shall have finished the report by next Friday. 下星期五之前我将完成这份报告。 By next Monday, she will have studied here for three years. 到下星期一，她在这里学习就满三年了。 【经典练】 ①Great changes (take) place in Hangzhou in the past few years. ②So far this year，104 banks (fail)． ③She (learn) some English before she came to our school. ④It is the third time(that)he (leave)the key at home. 四、完成进行体 现在完成进行时:have/has been doing 表示一个动作从过去某时开始持续到现在,可能刚停止或还在继续进行,强调动作的延续、进行。时间状语: all day(night)long/all afternoon/all these days (years)/for/since/ recently/all the time (day/ week ... )/all the year round/the whole day (night)/ how long/in (over) the past (last)+数词+years... 1. 表示活动由过去开始一直持续到现在，或该动作仍然在进行,可能还会延续下去，常与for 和 since连用。 I have been typing all the morning. She is very tired. She has been typing letters all day. How long have you been reading the novel? 2.表示活动已经结束，但其结果目前仍然可见。 My hands are dirty because I've been gardening. 3.表示反复的动作或表达抱怨等的强烈感情色彩。 He's been doing the experiment at least 10 times. You have been making mistakes recently. 【经典练】 I have to see the doctor because I ________________(cough) a lot lately. He______________(do) his work even better recently. 二．写作精讲——申请信 一、写作分析 申请信是求职者根据岗位需要或自己的求职愿望通过介绍自己的情况向用人单位举荐自己的书信，通常是针对招聘广告而写的。 二、篇章结构 第一部分说明写信目的（申请的职位、信息来源）； 第二部分说明申请的原因并介绍个人情况（包括年龄、教育背景、性格、个人爱好、职业选择、相关经验等，具体还要结合写作题目的要求，着重强调符合目标岗位的自我优势）； 第三部分期盼回复（再次表达对目标岗位的兴趣，希望招聘单位考虑自己的申请，留下个人的联系方式，最后表达谢意）。 三、语言特点 1.申请信类书面表达要注意语言的得体性、交际性和准确性，最能考查考生的实际交际能力。 2.用词正式、选词贴切、语句简练，概括性强，时态以一般现在时为主。 一、 常用词汇 岗位： post/position/job 职位/职务/工作 活动： exhibition展览 activity活动 event赛事opening开幕式 closing ceremony 闭幕式 职务： volunteer志愿者 translator/interpreter 翻译editor编辑 secretary秘书 chairman/president主席 guide导游 个人介绍： be good at/be expert/skilled in 擅长…… have a good command of精通…… graduate from 毕业于 major in主修 be qualified/suitable for有资格/适合…… have rich/previous/related working experience有丰富的/之前的/相关的工作经验 感激、期待： appreciate 感激 look forward to 期待 can't wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事 be grateful for感激 二、常用句式 1.I have learned from your advertisement that... and I'm writing to... 2.As a high school student with related experience of...,I believe... 3.I used to work as...,which can help me... 4.More importantly,I would like to take advantage of this opportunity to... 5.What's more,I'm an outgoing...,which makes it easier for me to get along with... 6.I can't wait to take part in...because I believe this activity will help me... 7.I believe I'm equal to this position and I can... 8.I would be grateful if you could consider my application and... 假定你是李华，你校英语社团计划为高三生活拍摄英文纪录片，现招募一位编写英文字幕的志愿者。请你根据以下要点写一封申请信。 1.提出申请； 2.你的优势； 3.期待加入。 参考词汇：English subtitles英文字幕； documentary纪录片 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 求职信 时态 一般现在时 主题 申请编写英文字幕的志愿者 人称 第一人称 布局 开头：说明求职信息来源，想应聘的职位。 主体：简明扼要地介绍自己，重点说明能胜任本岗位的各种能力等。 结尾：表示希望得到答复及面试的机会。 第二步　要点翻译 1. 我迫不及待申请这个职位。 I _______________________ apply for the position. 2我精通英语，在写作上毫无困难。 I _______________________writing for I _______________________English. 3.我有热情和责任心，我完全有资格胜任这份工作。 _______________________, I am perfectly qualified for it. 第三步　词句升级 用现在分词作状语 I hear that a volunteer who can write English subtitles is needed for the coming documentary on the life of senior three students, I can hardly wait to apply for the position. →_________________ a volunteer who can write English subtitles is needed for the coming documentary on the life of senior three students, I can hardly wait to apply for the position. 第四步　连句成篇 Dear Sir or Madam, Yours sincerely, Li Hua 一、短 语 1．take action采取行动 2．come one’s way发生在某人身上 3．in the face of面对 4．in place处于合适的位置；就位，到位 5．take a leaf out of one’s book 从书中接受教训6．make up one’s mind做出决定，拿定主意 7．pass up放过，放弃，错过(机会) 8．insight into洞察；对……深刻理解 9．have second thoughts 犹豫，产生怀疑 10．put off推迟……，使……延期 11．arise from由……引起 12．reject...out of hand坚决拒绝……；彻底否决…… 13．weigh up权衡；仔细考虑 14．look back (on)回顾，回忆 二、词性转变 1．ambition n．雄心；野心→ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的 2．trainee n．接受工作培训的人；实习生→trainer n．运动鞋；教练员→train v．培训；训练→training n．培训 3．historical adj.(有关)历史的→history n．历史→historic adj.历史上著名(或重要)的 4．detective n．私家侦探→detect v．发现；查明 5．dot n．点，小圆点→dotted adj.有斑点的；星罗棋布的 6．admission n．录取；允许加入(进入)→admit v．承认；准许进入 7．participation n．参加，参与→participate v．参加→participant n．参与者 8．thoughtful adj.认真思考的，深思的→thought n．思想；想法 9．mixture n．混合；混合体→mix v．混合 10．affection n．喜爱；爱；感情→affect v．影响；侵袭 11．qualification n．资格；资历→qualify vt.使有资格→qualified adj.有资格的 12．fluency n．熟练，流利→fluent adj.流利的 13．sincerely adv.由衷地，真诚地，真心实意地→sincere adj.真诚的 14．refreshments n．茶点，点心和饮料→refresh v．使恢复精力；使凉爽 三、句 子 1．On leaving high school，he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter. 高中毕业后，他加入了堪萨斯州的一家当地报社，当实习记者。 2．Having set himself this goal，he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War，the Spanish Civil War，bullfighting and deep­sea fishing，amongst others.在为自己设定了这个目标后，他根据自己在第一次世界大战、西班牙内战、斗牛和深海捕鱼等方面的个人经历撰写了小说和短篇故事。 3．In desperation，Doyle killed off the famous detective in a novel published in 1893 so that he could focus on his “serious” writing. 在绝望中，多伊尔在1893年出版的一本小说中杀死了这位著名的侦探，这样他就可以专注于他“严肃的”写作。 4．When reading The Road Not Taken，one cannot help but see in one’s mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside.当读《未选择的路》时，人们不禁在脑海中看到一片宁静的森林，那是一片深藏在乡村深处的景象。 1． The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.—Eleanor Roosevelt. 未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。 —埃莉诺·罗斯福 2． The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.—Franklin D.Roosevelt. 实现明天理想的唯一障碍是今天的焦虑。 —罗斯福 3． Let him who would enjoy a good future waste none of his present.—Roger Babson. 希望享受美好未来的人，不要浪费他的现在。 —罗杰·巴布森 4． Look at life through the windshield, not the rear—view mirror.—Byrd Baggett. 透过挡风玻璃看生活，而不是后视镜。 —伯德·巴格特 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Looking Forwards Unit1 话题 人与自我 词汇 1．ambition 2．bullfighting 3．ultimately 4．backwards 5．diverge6．undergrowth 7．numerous 8．dilemma 9．complex10．commercial11．symbolize 12．alternative 13．arise 14．circumstance 15．sincerely16．shift 短语 1．take action采取行动2．come one’s way发生在某人身上3．in the face of面对 4．in place处于合适的位置；就位，到位5．take a leaf out of one’s book 从书中接受教训6．make up one’s mind做出决定，拿定主意7．pass up放过，放弃错过(机会)8．insight into洞察；对……深刻理解9．have second thoughts (对原先的决定)犹豫，产生怀疑10．put off推迟……，使……延期11．arise from由……引起12．reject...out of hand坚决拒绝……；彻底否决……13．weigh up权衡；仔细考虑14．look back (on)回顾，回忆 句型 1．On leaving high school，he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter. 2．Having set himself this goal，he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War，the Spanish Civil War，bullfighting and deep­sea fishing，amongst others. 3．In desperation，Doyle killed off the famous detective in a novel published in 1893 so that he could focus on his “serious” writing. 4．When reading The Road Not Taken，one cannot help but see in one’s mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside. 语法 复习动词时态 写作 申请信 考点1..in the face of面对 In the face of such questions, how should we approach the future?面对这些疑问，我们应该如何走近未来呢？ 【拓展】 be faced with 面对，面临 lose face 丢脸，失面子 make faces/a face 做鬼脸 save face 保全面子 look sb. in the face 直视某人 face to face 面对面地 【经典练】 ①They showed great fortitude in the face of difficulties. 他们面对困难表现了坚强的毅力。 ②We are faced with a very difficult choice. 我们面临一项很艰难的抉择。 补全句子 ③There are also unhappy smiles, such as when someone “loses face” and smiles to hide it. 还有不愉快的微笑，比如当某人“丢了面子”时就会用微笑来掩饰。 考点2.take action采取行动 Can we take action to shape it，or should we just accept whatever comes our way? 我们能采取行动来影响未来的发展吗，还是我们应该接受我们所遇到的一切？ 【拓展】 take action/steps/measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 in action 在活动，在运转 out of action 失灵，发生故障 put... into action 将……付诸实施 【经典练】 ①In the face of such a serious problem, the government should take action to solve it. 面对如此严重的问题，政府应该采取行动来解决它。 ②If you can really put the three points into action, you will surely be able to live a happy life. 如果你真能把这三点付诸行动，你肯定能过上幸福的生活。 ③Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action. 缺乏人才和时间不是不行动的理由。 【好句背默】 ④We must take action to protect our environment.我们必须采取行动保护环境。 考点3.come one's way意外地落在某人头上，偶尔发生在某人身上 Can we take action to shape it，or should we just accept whatever comes our way? 我们能采取行动来影响未来的发展吗，还是我们应该接受我们所遇到的一切？ 【拓展】 lose one's way 迷路 make one's way 行进；逐步取得成功 make way for 给……让路 give way to 被……取代；向……让步 push one's way 挤过去 feel/wind one's way 摸索/蜿蜒前进 【经典练】 ①Luck had come her way at the very last moment. 好运在最后时刻降临到她头上。 ②The hunter made his way to the wild. 猎人前往野外。 ③He felt his way in the darkness and found a motorbike was in the way. 他在黑暗中摸索着前进，发现一辆摩托车挡住了路。 考点4. ambition n.[C]追求的目标;理想;夙愿;[U]抱负,雄心,志向 The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early boyhood single-minded in his ambition to write. 美国作家欧内斯特·海明威生于1899年,从少年时代早期起就一心追求当作家。(教材P3) 【拓展】 one's ambition is to do sth. 某人的理想是做某事 an ambition to do sth./of doing sth. 想做某事的愿望 realize/achieve/fulfill one's ambition 实现某人的理想 be full of ambition 满腹雄心 ambitious adj. 有抱负的，有雄心的；野心勃勃的 be ambitious for... 渴望得到...... 【经典练】 ①“My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation,” she said. 她说:“我的志向是毕业后在中国开办一个公司。” ②Ultimately, she achieved/realized her ambition to become/of becoming a professional musician. 最终,她实现了当专业音乐家的夙愿。 ③I convinced him of his capability to fulfill this ambition since he had had sufficient practice and strong determination. 我使他相信他有能力完成这个目标,因为他已经进行了充足的练习,并且有坚定的决心。 【好句背默】 ④Robert is a very ambitious man and one of his ambitions is to become a great scientist in the future. 罗伯特是一位非常有雄心的人，他的目标之一是将来成为一位伟大的科学家。 考点5. guarantee v．保证；担保；保修 n．保证；保证书 As many of us already know，having plans in place for the future is no guarantee that they will become reality. 正如我们许多人已经知道的那样，为未来制订好计划并不能保证它们会成为现实。 【拓展】 (1)guarantee sb.sth.(＝ensure sb.sth.)保证某人得到某物 guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事 guarantee that... 确保…… guarantee sth.for some time 对……保修多久 (2)give sb.a guarantee that... 向某人保证…… under guarantee 在保修期内 【经典练】 ①This camera has a two-year guarantee.Now it’s still under guarantee.这部相机保修两年，现在仍在保修期内。 ②Usually a new car can be guaranteed for two years or 60，000 km.一辆新车通常可以保修两年或6万公里。 ③We guarantee to replace (replace) the broken door free of charge.我们保证免费更换破损的门。 【好句背默】 此外，我曾多次被招募做志愿者，出色的英语能力保证了我能获得一份优秀的工作。 ④Besides，I have been recruited to be a volunteer several times and my excellent English guaranteed me an excellent job. ⑤Besides，I have been recruited to be a volunteer several times and my excellent English guaranteed an excellent job to me. 考点6.be forced to do sth.被迫做某事 However, fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle, under immense pressure, was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead.然而，福尔摩斯谜们非常愤怒，这使道儿在巨大的压力之下，不得不让福尔摩斯起死回生。 【拓展】 (1)force sb. to do sth.＝force sb. into doing sth. 强迫某人做某事 be forced to do sth.＝be forced into doing sth. 被迫做某事 (2)by force用暴力，强行地 come into force开始生效，开始实施 bring... into force使……开始生效/开始实施 【经典练】 ①He was forced to quit his ambition to become an actor. 他不得不放弃他成为演员的理想。 ②I tell my mom that if we're forced to eat/into eating things we may become ill. 我告诉妈妈，如果我们被迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。 ③Parking restrictions in the town are going to come into force this year..这个镇上的停车限制今年就要实施。 考点7.admission n.允许进入或加入;承认;入场费 I’ve been recommended for admission to study physics at my dream university. 我已经被推荐进入我梦想的大学去学物理。 【拓展】 (1)admission to ...允许进入/加入…… gain/obtain admission to...进入/加入……;被……录取 an admission of guilt/failure/defeat 承认有罪/失败/被击败 admission charges/prices 入场费/票价 (2)admit v.准许……加入/进入;接收入院;接收(入学);承认 admit...to/into... 允许……进入/加入……;接收……入院/入学 admit (to) doing sth. 承认做了某事 admit (to) sth. 承认某事 admit to sb.(that)...向某人承认…… It’s admitted that...人们认为…… 【经典练】 ①I’m writing to apply for admission to your club. 我写信是为了申请加入你们的俱乐部。 ②After unremitting efforts, he successfully gained/obtained admission to the major of his choice. 经过不懈的努力,他成功地被自己选的专业录取了。 ③The student admitted (to) cheating in the exam and he was punished for it. 那个学生承认在考试中作弊,而且他也因为此事受到了惩罚。 【好句背默】 ④News came that she had been admitted to/into a top university. 消息传来,她被一所顶尖大学录取了。 考点8.pass up放过，放弃，错过(机会) I think it would be a great pity to pass up the opportunity to be admitted without taking the exam.我认为错过这次不参加考试就被入取的机会是非常遗憾的。 【拓展】 pass away 去世 pass by 经过 pass down 把……传给后人 pass out 昏过去，晕倒 pass...on to 把……传给…… pass...off as 把……冒充为…… 【经典练】 ①The story is passed down from generation to generation in the village.这个故事在村里代代相传。 ②He has made up his mind to be independent ever since his father passed away.自从他父亲去世以后，他就下定决心要独立生活。 ③He felt sick and dizzy and then passed out.他感到恶心和头晕，然后晕了过去。 ④In order to distinguish herself, the girl pass herself off as a well­known film star.为了突出自己，这个女孩冒充一个著名的电影明星。 【好句背默】 ⑤Never pass up a good chance for you to succeed.绝不要错过你可能成功的好机会。 考点9.put off 推迟…… ,使…… 延期 Can you put off making a decision until you’ve spoken to your high school advisor? 你能把做决定推迟到跟你的高中导师谈过之后吗? 【拓展】 put up张贴;建造;搭建;提高;使升高;投宿 put on举办,上演;穿上,戴上 put out扑灭,熄灭;扔掉 put down记下,写下;放下;镇压;下订金 put forward提出,提议,建议;将……提前 put aside把……暂放一边;不考虑;储蓄 put away 将……收起;把……放回原处 put up with 忍受,容忍 【经典练】 ①We can’t put off buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work. 为我们公司购买一台新打印机的事不能再推迟了,我们现有的这台坏了。 ②Posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to take action for a greener earth. 我们学校到处都张贴了海报,呼吁我们采取行动去打造一个更加绿色的地球。 ③The band plans to put on a show before the end of the year. 这支乐队计划在年底前举办一场演出。 ④Let me put down your telephone number in case I forget it. 让我记下你的电话号码,以免我忘了。 ⑤The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. 经理提出了一个建议,即我们应该有一个助手。 考点10.weigh up仔细考虑，权衡 Then we can weigh up the options and try to come to a decision。然后我们可以权衡各种选择再试着做出决定。 【拓展】 by weight 按重量 put on/gain weight 体重增加，变胖 lose weight 体重减轻，变瘦 watch one's weight 控制体重 【经典练】 ①After weighing up all the possible choices, he made the final decision.在权衡了所有可能的选择之后，他做出了最后的决定。 ②It is said that bananas are sold by weight in that country.据说在那个国家香蕉是按重量出售的。 ③I am wondering why I put on weight so easily.我很奇怪为什么我这么容易就长胖了。 ④She doesn't want to pass up the chance to lose some weight.她不想错过减肥的机会。 【好句背默】 ⑤It is important to weigh up the pros and cons before the final decisions is made.在做最终的决定之前权衡利弊很重要。 考点11.participation n.参加,参与 In addition to participation in school, a part-time job—such as working in a cafe or in a office administration role —can also be helpful in this transition.除了上学,兼职——比如在咖啡厅或行政办公室工作——也可以在这一过渡中有所帮助。 【拓展】 ①participate v.参加,参与 participate in 参加/参与…… (同义短语:take part in, join in, get involved in) ②participant n.参与者,参加者 【经典练】 ①There is no denying that our participation in environmental protection will make a difference.无可否认,我们对环保的参与将会产生影响。 ②Anyone who is interested in Chinese calligraphy is welcome to participate in this activity. 任何对中国书法感兴趣的人都可参加这次活动。 考点12.alternative n.可供选择的事物;替代品adj.可供替代的;另外的;非传统的;另类的 Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis. 生活每天都向我们抛出许多选择。 【拓展】 (1)have no alternative/choice/option but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 an alternative to   ...……的替代品 an alternative method/way/approach/solution其他方法/解决办法 alternative energy/values可替代能源/非传统价值观 (2)alternatively adv.要不,或者(用于引出第二种选择或可能的建议) 【经典练】 ①The problem troubles me a lot, so I have no alternative/choice/option but to turn to you for help. 这个问题让我很困扰,因此我别无选择只好向你求助。  ②There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat .除了持续的书面交流外还有其他的选择,比如留下语音信息或展开群聊。 ③The agency will make travel arrangements for you. Alternatively, you can organize your own transport.旅行社将为你安排旅程,或者你也可以自己安排交通工具。 【好句背默】 ④Failure is the mother of success. Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it. 失败乃成功之母。有时候，为了成功，我们别无选择只能勇敢直面失败并从中吸取教训。 考点13.arise v.(由……)引起;出现,产生;起床;起身 Of course, the greatest dilemmas arise from moral problems, when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing. 当然,最大的困境往往源于道德问题,因为我们不确定哪个选择会导致做正确的事情。 【拓展】 Arise from/out of  因……产生;由……引起 【经典练】 ①Your illness arose from/out of the lack of exercise, so I hope you can take these suggestions into consideration. 你生病是由缺乏锻炼引起的,所以我希望你能考虑这些建议。 ②In class, the students usually raise their hands first and then rise/arise to answer the teacher’s questions.。 ③With the level of haze rising greatly, many people work to raise public awareness of environment protection。 易混辨析 易混词 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 arise vi.(由……)引起; 出现,产生; 起床;起身 arose arisen arising rise vi.(太阳,月亮等)升起;(数量、价位等)增长/上升;(水平、位置、声音等)提高;起床;起身 rose risen rising raise vt.举起;提高;养育;饲养;引起 raised raised raising arouse vt.唤醒;激起;引起(感情、态度等) aroused aroused arousing 【好句背默】 ④Raised in a small village, he found that everything in the outside world aroused his curiosity. As more and more problems arose, his ability to solve problems was also rising. 由于在一个小村庄长大,他发现外面世界的一切都激起了他的好奇心。随着越来越多的问题出现,他解决问题的能力也在提高。 考点14.circumstance n.情况,情形;条件;环境;[pl.]境况;(尤指)经济状况 Once we make a decision, in most circumstances, there is no going back. 在大多数情况下,一旦我们做了决定,就没有回头路了。 【拓展】 in/under  ...circumstances 在……情况下 in/under   the circumstances 在这种情况下;既然如此 in/under no circumstances 　决不；无论如何都不 （位于句首时句子要用部分倒装）    【经典练】 ①In/Under the circumstances, he felt unable to accept the job. 在这种情况下,他觉得不能接受这份工作。 ②In/Under no circumstances shall any vehicles be parked in the place where the bus stops. 任何车辆无论如何都不能停在公共汽车停靠的地方。 ③After the speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in/under many circumstances. 演讲课后,你将能够发展在许多情况下都能成为一个批判性思考者的技能。 考点15.affection n.喜爱,钟爱 For example, the rose could represent love and affection, and the rainbow could symbolize hope. 例如,玫瑰可以代表爱和喜欢,彩虹可以象征希望。 【拓展】 (1)(an) affection for  对……的喜爱/热爱/关爱/爱戴 show sb. affection 向某人表示喜爱/关爱/爱戴 (2)affect v.影响;侵袭;使感染;(感情上)深深打动 affecting adj.深深打动人的;感动人的;激起怜悯的 【经典练】 ①She is an ordinary teacher who loves her work and shows her students great affection.她是一位热爱自己的工作并且非常关爱自己的学生的普通教师。 ②Higher energy prices will affect food prices because the costs of fuel affects transportation. 更高的能源价格将影响食品价格,因为燃料成本影响运输。 ③All the audience were deeply moved by the affecting love story. 所有的观众都被这个感人的爱情故事深深地打动了。 考点16.qualified adj.合格的,胜任的;符合资格;具备……的学历/资历 Match the headings to the sections and find out how qualified the applicant is for the job.将标题与各部分进行匹配,并看一看该申请人是如何能胜任这项工作的。 【拓展】 (1)be qualified for sth./ to do   sth.能胜任某事/有资格做某事 (2)qualify v.取得资格(或学历);使合格,使具备资格;(使)有权(做某事) disqualify v.取消资格;使不合格 qualify sb. for sth./to do sth. 使某人胜任某事;使某人获得做某事的资格 qualify (sb.) for sth. (使某人)有权做某事 qualify as... 取得……资格 (3)qualification n.资格;学历;合格;获得资格 the qualification for sth./to do sth. 做某事的资格 【经典练】 ①Those who have passed the examination are qualified to compete for the post. 通过考试者有资格竞争这个岗位。 ②I believe my experience will qualify me for the job. 我相信我的经验将使我胜任这份工作。  ③What sort of qualifications do you need for the job? 做这项工作需要什么资格?  【好句背默】 ④With my educational background and working experience, I believe I am qualified for the position. 以我的教育背景和工作经验,我相信我能胜任这个职位。 考点17.The next, our eyes are open and we find ourselves wondering or even worrying about possibly the most important issue of our lives----the future.但下一刻，我们就睁开了双眼，发现自己在思考甚至在担忧可能是人生中最重要的问题-----未来。 本句中含有一个find的复合结构。find oneself...的意思是“发现自己(做某事或处于某种状态)”，指没有意料到的事或状态。 【拓展】 find的常见复合结构为： find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 【经典练】 ①Did you find life hard in the country?你觉得农村生活艰苦吗？ ②I found him in his own room.我发现他在自己的房间里。 ③When I came in，I found her watching (watch) TV.当我进去时，我发现她正看电视。 ④He found a cow tied (tie)to the tree in the yard.他发现庭院里的树上拴着一头奶牛。 [名师提醒]　在“find＋复合宾语”结构中，当宾语是不定式或从句时，应用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语放在宾补之后。 【好句背默】 ⑤Frustrated by frequent failures in my English exams，I found myself on the point of giving up totally.由于英语考试屡遭失败，我发现自己几乎要彻底放弃了。 考点18.On leaving high school, he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter. 高中一毕业，他就加入了堪萨斯当地一家报社，成为一名实习记者。　 “on/upon＋n./v.­ing”是介词短语，表示“一……就……”，作时间状语。 【拓展】 “一……就……”的其他表达： as soon as(引导时间状语从句) at the sight/sound of...一看见/听见…… the moment/minute/instant/second(名词用作连词)＋句子 immediately/instantly/directly(副词用作连词)＋句子 hardly/scarcely...when... no sooner...than... 【经典练】 ①On/Upon arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups. 一到茶馆，独特的茶壶和茶杯就给这些外国学生留下了深刻印象。 ②She cut out the article from the newspaper as soon as/immediately/the moment she saw it. 她在报纸上一看到这篇文章就剪了下来。 ③No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 莫言一登台，观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。 [名师提醒]　在该类句式中，当hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句首时，主句用部分倒装结构，从句不用倒装 【好句背默】 ④She had requested the community to turn it into a museum on/upon her death. 她要求社区等她一去世就把它变成一个博物馆。 考点19.Interestingly，Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he was waiting for patients in his medical practice in London. 有趣的是，道尔在伦敦的医疗诊所等病人时，就写了一些早期福尔摩斯的故事。 本句中while用作从属连词，意思是当……时候。 【拓展】 while的意义和用法： (1)“当……的时候；和……同时”，引导时间状语从句。 (2) “可是；然而”，表示对比、转折，连接两个并列分句形成“对比”关系。 (3)“尽管；虽然”，多位于句首，引导让步状语从句。 【经典练】 ①While he loves his students，he is very strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生，但是他对他们要求很严格。 ②Last Sunday，Jack wanted to go to the cinema，while his cousin would rather stay at home. 上星期天，杰克想去看电影，而他的表弟却宁愿待在家里。 ③He took a bath while I was preparing dinner.我在准备晚饭时，他洗了澡。 [名师提醒]　when“当(在)……时”，可表示时间点或时间段，与主句所述的动作、事情可能同时发生，也可有先后；while“正当(正在)……时”，用于表示同时进行的两个延续性动作相伴随而发生，常对同类的两个动作进行对比。 【好句背默】 ④Li Jiang and Su Hua don’t agree on what to wear when greeting the British students.Li Jiang suggests traditional Chinese clothes while Su Hua thinks the school uniforms are more suitable. 李江和苏华在与英国学生会面时应该穿什么这个问题上意见不一致。李江建议穿传统的中国服装，而苏华认为校服更合适。 考点20.So, whatever twists and turns you might encounter, take a leaf out of the books of these two authors and be prepared for the unexpected.因此，无论你可能遇到什么曲折，都要以两位作者为榜样，为意想不到的事情做好准备。 whatever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”，相当于no matter what。wh­ever这类词引导让步状语从句时，通常可以转换成“no matter＋相应的wh­词”。 【拓展】 (1) 引导让步状语从句 (2)whatever, whichever, who(m)ever既可引导让步状语从句，又可引导名词性从句。 (3)no matter what, no matter which, no matter who(m)只引导让步状语从句。 【经典练】 ①However/No matter how far away we are, we feel close to each other.无论我们距离有多远，我们都会感觉彼此很亲近。 ②Whatever/No matter what happens, I'll stand by you.无论发生什么，我都会支持你。 ③Whoever is interested in making small inventions can join in it.任何对制作小发明感兴趣的人都可以参加。 ④Whichever/No matter which road you take, it will lead you to the station.无论你走哪一条路都会到车站。 1． 语法精讲——动词时态 1.For many of us, it's something we already have experienced.现在完成时 2.One moment, we are lying comfortably in bed, about to fall into a deep sleep.现在进行时 3.The next, our eyes are open and we find ourselves wondering or even worrying about possibly the most important issue of our lives—the future.一般现在时 4.Will we get into the school of our choice?一般将来时 5.What will we be doing in ten years' time?将来进行时 6.Although they shared the same ambitious and energetic approach to life, their careers unfolded in contrasting ways.一般过去时 7.He would later go on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.过去将来时 8.By contrast, the young Arthur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in 1859, had originally worked as a doctor.过去完成时 9.Interestingly, Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he was waiting for patients in his medical practice in London.过去进行时 10....but Sherlock Holmes has been entertaining readers for well over a century.现在完成进行时 【自主发现】　观察上面句子的黑体部分，在句子后面的横线上写出该句所用的时态。 时态是谓语动词通过自身的变化来表示动作或情况发生的时间的各种形式。主要时态有十种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时。不同的时态要通过谓语动词的形式变化来表达,动词中只有实义动词可以单独作谓语。 一、一般时态 (一)一般现在时:do/does/am/is/are 1.表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或主语现在的状态、特征等。常见的时间状语有always、usually、every day/year/morning/night、sometimes、often等。 I go there every day.(现在的习惯) He is always like that.(现在的状态) 2.表示客观真理、科学事实、名言警句等(该用法只能用一般现在时)。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。 3.表示按时间表、规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作。 The train for London leaves at seven o’clock in the morning. 4.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来,即遵循“主将从现”原则。 If it rains tomorrow, I’ll stay at home. (2) 一般过去时:did/was/were 1.指过去的情况或所处的状态,或表示过去经常发生或习惯性的动作。常见的时间状语有yesterday、just now、last night/week/year、“in+过去的年份”、the other day、...day(s) ago、the day before yesterday等。 He came here yesterday. 2.表示“刚才,刚刚”之意,常暗示现在已“不再这样”。 Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. 3.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示过去将来的动作。 She said she would come if I waited for her. (三)一般将来时will/shall do/be 1．表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或状态； I will see an English movie tonight. 2．一般将来时的其他构成形式及一般用法 (1)be going to do(表示打算去做的事或根据某种迹象预示要发生某事)； We’re going to swim this weekend. Look at the dark clouds. It’s going to rain. (2)be to do(表示按计划或安排即将要做的事或按照职责、义务、规定、命令等应该做某事)； (3)be about to do(表示即将要发生的动作)；The train is about to start. (4)另外，go、leave等动词的现在进行时形式也可表示按计划或安排即将要做的事。He is to be a good singer. (四)过去将来时：would/should do/be 1．过去将来时的用法 表示从过去某时间看，将要发生的事情。 She should go to America next week. 她下周就要去美国了。 2.过去将来时的其他构成形式及一般用法 （1）was／were going to do 表示过去的打算、计划或意图。 He was going to start work the following day. 他打算第二天就开始工作。 （2）was／were to do 表示过去的计划或打算或注定要发生的事情。 These first things that I learnt were to change my life. 我最先学来的这些东西将会改变我的生活。 （3）was/were doing(coming/going/leaving/arriving/planning/staying/starting/getting/having...)表 示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，start等, 可用过去进行时表示按照过去的计划或安排将在过去将来 发生的事情。 I didn’t know you were coming. 我不知道你要来。 （4）was／were about to do 表示过去即将发生的事情。 I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感觉某件可怕的事情就要发生。 【经典练】 ①I think I should take the offer now.But at the moment, school (come) first. ②Look at the dark clouds.It is going (rain)． ③My friend said he (be) here at eight o'clock. 【答案】 1.comes 2.to rain3.would be 二、进行时态 (一)现在进行时: am/is/are doing 1.表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有now、at present、at the moment、these days等。 The workers are building a new railway. 2.与always、continually、constantly等频率副词连用,表达高兴、赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等 感情色彩。 He is always thinking of others first.(表示赞赏) 3.部分动词或动词词组的进行时表“将来”之意,如come、go、arrive、leave、begin、 start、take off等。 The ambulance is arriving. (二)过去进行时: was/were doing 1.表示过去某时刻或时间段正在进行的动作或所处的状态。常用的时间状语有then、at that time、those days等。 What were you doing at that time? 2.wonder、hope、think、expect等动词的过去进行时可表示委婉的请求。 3.come、go、arrive、leave、begin、start、get、take off等非延续性动词(词组)的过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。 It was getting dark when we arrived. (三)将来进行时: will be doing 表示将来某时间点或时间段正在进行的动作,常表示事情的正常发展。 Daniel’s family will be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week. 【经典练】 ①The man (forget) something. ②The boy fell while he (ride) his bicycle yesterday. ③—Mary, could I use your computer this evening? —Sorry.I (write) my essay on it then. 【答案】 1.is always forgetting2.was riding3.will be writing 三、完成时态 (一)现在完成时has/have done 用于强调过去发生或已经完成的某动作对现在产生的影响。 1.in/over/during the last/past...years、“for+时间段”、lately、recently、up to/till now、so far等时间状语通常与现在完成时连用。 In the last two years, we have learned 1,000 English words. 2.since后接过去的时间点或引导一般过去时的从句时,句子/主句常用现在完成时。 We have learned 1,000 words since we came here. 特别提醒 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用现在完成时代替将来完成时,表达“将来动作完成之后的情况”。 When you have finished your homework, I’ll take you to the park. (二)过去完成时had done 表示在过去的某个动作或时间之前 完成的事情。 1.表示在过去某一时间或动作前已完成的动作（即表示“过去的过去”）。 He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office. 老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。 2.表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与“by/until/before/by the end of+表示过去某一时间”的短语或从句连用。 By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician. 十多岁的时候，他已经是一位出色的小音乐家了。 3.表示愿望、打算的词，如hope、expect、mean、intend、want、suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。 I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I was not able to leave. 我本打算今年好好度假，但我未能出发。 4.在“It was/had been+一段时间+since从句”句型中，从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时。 It was three years since Jack had been a teacher. 杰克当老师已经三年了。 5.在句型“It was the first/second...time+从句”中，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。 It was the first time that he hadn't worked on Saturday. 这是他第一次在星期六不上班。 6.在hardly...when...、no sooner...than...句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”;hardly、no sooner位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.我一到家就开始下雨了。 (三)将来完成时will/shall have done 表示将来某时间之前或某动作之前已经完成的动作，或一个持续到将来某时间或某动作发生之前的动作。 I shall have finished the report by next Friday. 下星期五之前我将完成这份报告。 By next Monday, she will have studied here for three years. 到下星期一，她在这里学习就满三年了。 【经典练】 ①Great changes (take) place in Hangzhou in the past few years. ②So far this year，104 banks (fail)． ③She (learn) some English before she came to our school. ④It is the third time(that)he (leave)the key at home. 【答案】 1.have taken2.have failed3.had learned4.has left 四、完成进行体 现在完成进行时:have/has been doing 表示一个动作从过去某时开始持续到现在,可能刚停止或还在继续进行,强调动作的延续、进行。时间状语: all day(night)long/all afternoon/all these days (years)/for/since/ recently/all the time (day/ week ... )/all the year round/the whole day (night)/ how long/in (over) the past (last)+数词+years... 1. 表示活动由过去开始一直持续到现在，或该动作仍然在进行,可能还会延续下去，常与for 和 since连用。 I have been typing all the morning. She is very tired. She has been typing letters all day. How long have you been reading the novel? 2.表示活动已经结束，但其结果目前仍然可见。 My hands are dirty because I've been gardening. 3.表示反复的动作或表达抱怨等的强烈感情色彩。 He's been doing the experiment at least 10 times. You have been making mistakes recently. 【经典练】 I have to see the doctor because I ________________(cough) a lot lately. He______________(do) his work even better recently. 【答案】 1.have been coughing 2.has been doing 二．写作精讲——申请信 一、写作分析 申请信是求职者根据岗位需要或自己的求职愿望通过介绍自己的情况向用人单位举荐自己的书信，通常是针对招聘广告而写的。 二、篇章结构 第一部分说明写信目的（申请的职位、信息来源）； 第二部分说明申请的原因并介绍个人情况（包括年龄、教育背景、性格、个人爱好、职业选择、相关经验等，具体还要结合写作题目的要求，着重强调符合目标岗位的自我优势）； 第三部分期盼回复（再次表达对目标岗位的兴趣，希望招聘单位考虑自己的申请，留下个人的联系方式，最后表达谢意）。 三、语言特点 1.申请信类书面表达要注意语言的得体性、交际性和准确性，最能考查考生的实际交际能力。 2.用词正式、选词贴切、语句简练，概括性强，时态以一般现在时为主。 一、 常用词汇 岗位： post/position/job 职位/职务/工作 活动： exhibition展览 activity活动 event赛事opening开幕式 closing ceremony 闭幕式 职务： volunteer志愿者 translator/interpreter 翻译editor编辑 secretary秘书 chairman/president主席 guide导游 个人介绍： be good at/be expert/skilled in 擅长…… have a good command of精通…… graduate from 毕业于 major in主修 be qualified/suitable for有资格/适合…… have rich/previous/related working experience有丰富的/之前的/相关的工作经验 感激、期待： appreciate 感激 look forward to 期待 can't wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事 be grateful for感激 二、常用句式 1.I have learned from your advertisement that... and I'm writing to... 2.As a high school student with related experience of...,I believe... 3.I used to work as...,which can help me... 4.More importantly,I would like to take advantage of this opportunity to... 5.What's more,I'm an outgoing...,which makes it easier for me to get along with... 6.I can't wait to take part in...because I believe this activity will help me... 7.I believe I'm equal to this position and I can... 8.I would be grateful if you could consider my application and... 假定你是李华，你校英语社团计划为高三生活拍摄英文纪录片，现招募一位编写英文字幕的志愿者。请你根据以下要点写一封申请信。 1.提出申请； 2.你的优势； 3.期待加入。 参考词汇：English subtitles英文字幕； documentary纪录片 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 求职信 时态 一般现在时 主题 申请编写英文字幕的志愿者 人称 第一人称 布局 开头：说明求职信息来源，想应聘的职位。 主体：简明扼要地介绍自己，重点说明能胜任本岗位的各种能力等。 结尾：表示希望得到答复及面试的机会。 第二步　要点翻译 1. 我迫不及待申请这个职位。 I _______________________ apply for the position. 2我精通英语，在写作上毫无困难。 I _______________________writing for I _______________________English. 3.我有热情和责任心，我完全有资格胜任这份工作。 _______________________, I am perfectly qualified for it. 【答案】1.can hardly wait to 2. have no difficulty in ，have a good command of 3.With enthusiasm and responsibility 第三步　词句升级 用现在分词作状语 I hear that a volunteer who can write English subtitles is needed for the coming documentary on the life of senior three students, I can hardly wait to apply for the position. →___________________ a volunteer who can write English subtitles is needed for the coming documentary on the life of senior three students, I can hardly wait to apply for the position. 【答案】Hearing that 第四步　连句成篇 Dear Sir or Madam, Hearing that a volunteer who can write English subtitles is needed for the coming documentary on the life of senior three students, I can hardly wait to apply for the position. As a senior, I have a better understanding of this tough but very meaningful year. Besides, I have no difficulty in writing for I have a good command of English. Additionally, with enthusiasm and responsibility, I am perfectly qualified for it. I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 一、短 语 1．take action采取行动 2．come one’s way发生在某人身上 3．in the face of面对 4．in place处于合适的位置；就位，到位 5．take a leaf out of one’s book 从书中接受教训6．make up one’s mind做出决定，拿定主意 7．pass up放过，放弃，错过(机会) 8．insight into洞察；对……深刻理解 9．have second thoughts 犹豫，产生怀疑 10．put off推迟……，使……延期 11．arise from由……引起 12．reject...out of hand坚决拒绝……；彻底否决…… 13．weigh up权衡；仔细考虑 14．look back (on)回顾，回忆 二、词性转变 1．ambition n．雄心；野心→ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的 2．trainee n．接受工作培训的人；实习生→trainer n．运动鞋；教练员→train v．培训；训练→training n．培训 3．historical adj.(有关)历史的→history n．历史→historic adj.历史上著名(或重要)的 4．detective n．私家侦探→detect v．发现；查明 5．dot n．点，小圆点→dotted adj.有斑点的；星罗棋布的 6．admission n．录取；允许加入(进入)→admit v．承认；准许进入 7．participation n．参加，参与→participate v．参加→participant n．参与者 8．thoughtful adj.认真思考的，深思的→thought n．思想；想法 9．mixture n．混合；混合体→mix v．混合 10．affection n．喜爱；爱；感情→affect v．影响；侵袭 11．qualification n．资格；资历→qualify vt.使有资格→qualified adj.有资格的 12．fluency n．熟练，流利→fluent adj.流利的 13．sincerely adv.由衷地，真诚地，真心实意地→sincere adj.真诚的 14．refreshments n．茶点，点心和饮料→refresh v．使恢复精力；使凉爽 三、句 子 1．On leaving high school，he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter. 高中毕业后，他加入了堪萨斯州的一家当地报社，当实习记者。 2．Having set himself this goal，he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War，the Spanish Civil War，bullfighting and deep­sea fishing，amongst others.在为自己设定了这个目标后，他根据自己在第一次世界大战、西班牙内战、斗牛和深海捕鱼等方面的个人经历撰写了小说和短篇故事。 3．In desperation，Doyle killed off the famous detective in a novel published in 1893 so that he could focus on his “serious” writing. 在绝望中，多伊尔在1893年出版的一本小说中杀死了这位著名的侦探，这样他就可以专注于他“严肃的”写作。 4．When reading The Road Not Taken，one cannot help but see in one’s mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside.当读《未选择的路》时，人们不禁在脑海中看到一片宁静的森林，那是一片深藏在乡村深处的景象。 1． The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.—Eleanor Roosevelt. 未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。 —埃莉诺·罗斯福 2． The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.—Franklin D.Roosevelt. 实现明天理想的唯一障碍是今天的焦虑。 —罗斯福 3． Let him who would enjoy a good future waste none of his present.—Roger Babson. 希望享受美好未来的人，不要浪费他的现在。 —罗杰·巴布森 4． Look at life through the windshield, not the rear—view mirror.—Byrd Baggett. 透过挡风玻璃看生活，而不是后视镜。 —伯德·巴格特 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$