内容正文:
Unit4 Words and Expressions
1、 humorous adj. 幽默的、滑稽有趣的
转化: humor n. 幽默、幽默感 full of humor 有幽默感的
常见的加后缀变形容词的: fame 名气(famous 有名的),danger 危险(dangerous危险的)。
My mom used to be serious, but now she is humorous.
我妈妈曾经是严肃的,但是现在她很幽默。
She is humorous.= She is a humorous girl.= She is a girl full of humor. 她是一个幽默的女生。
I like reading the humorous stories. 我喜欢阅读这些诙谐有趣的故事。
2、 silent adj. 不说话的;沉默的
转化:silently adv. 沉默地、无声地 silence n. 沉默、无声
in silence= silently 沉默地、无声地
She used to be silent in class, but now she is active.
她过去在课堂上很沉默寡言,但是现在她很积极活跃。
He sat silently in his room. = He sat in silence in his room.他默不作声地坐在他的房间里。
Everyone is silent and nobody breaks the silence. 每个人都是沉默的,并且没有人打破沉寂。
Silence is golden. 沉默是金。
3、 helpful adj. 有用的;有帮助的
be helpful to sb/sth 对某人/某物有帮助
It’s helpful (for sb ) to do sth (对某人来说)做某事有帮助
Watching English movies is helpful to our listening . 看英语电影对我们的听力有帮助。
She is helpful and likes to help others. 她乐于助人,热爱帮助别人。
Thank you for your helpful advice. 谢谢你有用的帮助。
4、 from time to time 时常;有时(同义词: sometimes 有时, at times 时常)
She still plays the piano from time to time. 她仍然有时候会弹奏钢琴。
She makes mistakes in grammar from time to time. 她有时会在语法上犯错。
Tom goes to visit his grandma from time to time. = Tom sometimes goes to visit his grandma.
= Tom goes to visit his grandma at times. 汤姆时常会去看望他的祖母。
time相关的短语:on time按时、准时 in time及时
for the first time 第一次 at the same time同时 all the time 一直;总是
We should finish our homework on time. 我们应该按时完成家庭作业。
He got up late this morning. Luckily, he caught the bus in time.
他今早起床晚了。幸运地是,他及时的赶上了公交车。
I liked her when I met her for the first time. 当我第一次见到她时,就喜欢她。
We said “Hello” to each other at the same time. 我们同时对彼此说了Hello.
Tom, you watch TV all the time and never help out around the house.
汤姆,你总是看电视,从来不帮助做家务。
5、 score
(1) n. (比赛)得分、(考试)分数 复数:scores
get good scores = get good grades=get good marks 取得好成绩
get a high score 取得一个高分 get a low score 取得一个低分
a score of 100 一百分 a score of 7 to 3 一个七比三的比分
She always gets good scores in English exams. 她总是在英语考试中取得好成绩。
He thinks a score of 100 is a piece of cake. 他认为考100分易如反掌。
We won the football match with a score of 7 to 3.
(2) vt&vi. 进球、得分、评分
Mr. Liu is busy scoring the tests. 刘老师正忙于给那些测试评分。
Mary scored the highest marks on the exam. 玛丽考试中得了个最高分。
Our team scored well today. 今天我们队伍进球进得多。
She always scores well in English exams. 她总是在英语考试中得分很高。
6、 background n. 背景(出身背景、学历经历、事情事件背景、背景音乐、图画背景)
He has a strong family background. 他有一个强大的家庭背景。
Students with a background in English can find it easier. 接触过英语的人会觉得这门课容易些。
In the background of this photo, you can see my friends.
在这张照片的背景中,你可以看见我朋友。
In the background, I can hear the sound of a woman. 我可以听见背景中有个女人的声音。
7、 interview
(1) v. 采访、面试 interview sb 采访某人/面试某人
interview sb about sth 就某事采访某人 interview sb for sth 为了某事面试某人
I need to interview the movie star. 我需要去采访那个电影明星。
The reporter interviewed the writer about his new novel. 记者就那位作家的新小说采访了他。
We have interviewed many people for the job. 我们为了那个职位已经面试了许多人了。
(2) n. 面试、访谈
相关词: interviewer n. 采访者、主持面试者 interviewee n. 被采访者、参加面试者
do an interview with sb. 采访某人 give an interview(某人)接受采访
I have done an interview with that famous singer.我已经采访过那位著名的歌手了。
I never give interviews. 我从不接受采访.
I have a job interview this afternoon. 今天下午我有一次求职面试。
Don’t be late for the interview, or you will lose the job. 面试不要迟到,不然你会失去那个工作。
Thank you for your interview. 感谢你的面谈。
An interview is a conversation between the interviewer and the interviewee.
访谈就是采访者和被采访者之间的一次谈话。
8、 Asian adj. 亚洲(人)的 & n. 亚洲人 Asia n. 亚洲
China is one of the Asian countries. 中国是亚洲国家之一。
We are all Asians. 我们都是亚洲人。
China is the biggest country in Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家。
9、 deal- delt -delt deal with 应对、处理
Tom has to deal with all kinds of people in his job.汤姆在他的工作中不得不应对各种各样的人。
I don’t know how to deal with the problem. 我不知道怎么解决这个问题。
10、 shyness n. 害羞、腼腆(不可数名词)
-ness是名词的后缀,类似的有:
happy开心的- happiness开心、幸福 sad 悲伤的 - sadness 悲伤
careless 粗心的- carelessness 粗心 careful 仔细的- carefulness 仔细、慎重
ill生病的- illness 疾病 kind 善良的- kindness 仁慈、好意 dark黑暗的- darkness黑暗
11、 dare
(1) 行为动词:敢于、胆敢 dare to do sth 敢于做某事
She used to be quiet and didn’t dare to speak in front of people. 她过去很文静,不敢在人前讲话。
Tom dares to live alone. 汤姆敢一个人住。
(2) 情态动词:敢于、胆敢 ( 后加动词原形,无人称和数的变化,但有过去式dared, 用于否定句和疑问句,dare not 可缩写成daren’t.)
She dare not go out alone at night. 她不敢晚上独自外出。
She needs a lot of money, but she dare not ask her father for it.她需要很多钱,但是不敢和爸爸要。
Dare she ask her father for money? 她敢跟她爸爸要钱吗?
口语:How dare sb do...你竟敢、你怎么敢:用于表示愤慨和惊讶
Don’t you dare do sth!你敢...(警告对方不准做某事,因为这样会让我愤怒)
How dare you tell lies to me! 你竟敢跟我说谎!
How dare he talk to his father like that! 他怎么敢跟他父亲那样说话!
How dare she play a trick on you! 她怎么敢捉弄你!
Don’t you dare go out! 你敢出去玩!(不准出去,出去了的话,我会生气。)
Tom, don’t you dare go anywhere else! 汤姆,你不准去其他任何地方!
12、 crowd
(1)n. 人群、观众(复数:crowds)
相关词:crowded adj. 拥挤的 uncrowded adj. 不拥挤的
a crowd of 一群 crowds of 成群的
I can find you even though you are in the crowd. 即使你在人群中,我还是能找到你。
There is a crowd of students in front of the school building. 那栋教学楼前有一群学生。
Crows of students get into school every morning. 每天早上成群的学生走进校园。
She likes singing in front of the crowds. 她喜欢在大众面前唱歌。
(3) vt.挤满、塞满、使拥挤 vi. 挤进:crowd into sp 挤进某地
Thousands of people crowded the street. 成千上万的人挤满了这条街。
Many people crowded into the mall. 许多人挤进了那个商场。
13、 ton
(1) n. 吨(重量单位),复数:tons
a ton of apples 一吨苹果 two tons of apples 两吨苹果
a ton of water 一吨水 two tons of water 两吨水
There is a ton of apples on the truck. 货车上有一吨苹果。
The elephant weighs 3 tons. 这头大象重三吨。
One thousand kilograms make a ton.=There are one thousand kilograms in a ton.一吨是一千千克。
Your bag weighs a ton! (非正式说法)你的包很重!
n. 大量、许多
tons of 大量的、许多的=a ton of = lots of=a lot of(后接可数名词复数和不可数名词)
I get tons of attention everywhere I go. 我去任何地方都会得到大量的关注。
Tom has tons of secrets. 汤姆有许多秘密。
The movie star received tons of mail from her fans.那个电影明星收到了许多她影迷的来信。
I want to make tons of money. 我想要挣许多钱。
I have a ton of homework to do. 我有许多家庭作业要做。
There are a ton of people on the beach. 在沙滩上有许多人。
14、 private adj. 私人的=personal;私密的
private hospitals 私人医院 private schools 私人学校(美式公立学校:public schools)
相关词:in private= privately adv. 私下地、秘密地 privacy n. 隐私
I have no privacy now. 现在我没有隐私了。
Tom wants to meet you privately.= Tom wants to meet you in private. 汤姆想要私下见见你。
I don’t have much private time anymore. 我不再有许多私人的时间了。
Don’t talk with others about someone’s private life. 不要和别人谈论某人的私生活的事。
It’s a private parking lot. 这是一个私人停车场。
I need to have a private discussion with you. 我要和你私下讨论。
We should find a private place to talk about the matter.
我们需要找个僻静的地方来谈论这个事情。
15、 guard
(1) n. 警卫、守卫(复数:guards) on guard 站岗;警惕
Tom works as a safety guard in the mall and he is on guard today.
汤姆在那家商场当保安,,并且今天他值班站岗。
Be on guard against thieves. 警惕小偷。 Be on guard against the fire. 警惕火灾。
There are two guards outside. 在外面有两个警卫。
(2) vt. 守卫、保卫;看守、监视
guard sb / sth 保卫某人、某物
guard against sth 防范/提防某物
Chinese soldiers guard us, guard our country and guard the future of our motherland.
中国军人保卫着我们,保卫着国家,保卫着祖国的未来。
We need to guard against the danger around us. 我们应该提防我们周围的危险。
The dog is guarding its owner’s house. 这是狗正在守护着它主人的家。
The house is guarded. 这个房子有人看守。
We need a policeman to guard the criminals. 我们需要一个警察来看守这些罪犯。
16、 require(不用于进行时) requirement n. 需要、要求
vt. 需要;要求
require sth 需要某物
sth require doing= sth require to be done 某事需要被做
require sb to do sth 需要某人做某事;要求某人做某事
require that sb (should) do sth 需要/要求......
例句:Fishing requires a lot of patience. 钓鱼需要许多耐心。
My car requires washing.= My car requires to be washed. 我的车需要被清洗了。
Our house requires repairing. 我们的房子需要被修理了。
My English teacher requires me to pay more attention in class.英语老师要求我上课要更专心。
We require that you clean the meeting room.我们要求你打扫会议室。
17、 European adj. 欧洲的、欧洲人的 & n. 欧洲人(复数:Europeans) Europe 欧洲
18、 African adj. 非洲的、非洲人的 & n.非洲人(复数:Africans) Africa 非洲
19、 British adj. 英国的、英国人的
英国人:British(单复数同形) Englishman(Englishmen) 英国人
英国:Britain England the UK
20、 speech n. 讲话、演讲(复数:speeches)
give/ make a speech 发表演讲 Tom did well in his speech. 汤姆在他的演讲中表现很好。
I am afraid of giving speech in public. 我害怕当众发表演讲。
21、 public
(1) n. 民众(集合名词) in public 公开地、在别人(尤指生人)面前
The museum is open to the public. 这个博物馆对公众开放。
I will make a speech in public tomorrow. 明天我要当众发表演讲。
She is always silent in public. 在生人面前她总是很沉默寡言。
(2) adj. 公开的;公众的
They made the secret public. 他们公开了这个秘密。
Don’t speak loudly in public places. 不要在公共场合大声说话。
Could you tell me where to find a public restroom?你能告诉我哪里能找到一个公共厕所吗?
22、 ant n. 蚂蚁(复数:ants)
23、 insect n. 昆虫(复数:insects)
24、 seldom 很少(频度副词,位置三后一前)
He is seldom late for class. 他很少迟到。
He seldom makes mistakes in grammar. 他很少在语法上出错。
25、 influence
(1) n. 影响;有影响的人或物
have an influence on 对.....有影响
under the influence of 在......的影响下
He has a strong influence on me. 他对我有很大的影响。
The movie has a bad influence on children. 这部电影对学生有很坏的影响。
He made the decision under the influence of his parents. 他在他父母的影响下做的那个决定。
His music teacher is a major influence in his life.他的音乐老师是他一生中影响他最大的人。
(2) vt. 影响
influence sb/sth 影响某人/物
influence sb to do sth 影响某人做某事
His parents influenced him. 他的父母影响了他。
His teacher’s words influenced all his life. 老师的话影响了他的一生。
My father influenced me to choose the job. 我的父亲影响了我去选择的这个工作。
26、 absent adj. 缺席的、不在的 absence n. 缺席
be absent from school/ meeting/ class/ work 不上学/ 缺席会议/ 旷课/ 旷工
Tom is often absent from class. 汤姆经常旷课。
27、 fail vt&vi.
(1) 失败;未能做到某事
Our plan has failed. 我们的计划失败了。
You will fail unless you work hard. 除非你努力工作,不然你就会失败。
fail to do sth 未能做某事
Hurry up, or we will fail to catch the bus. 赶快,不然我们就要赶不上那趟公交车了。
He never fails to write to his mom every week. 每个星期他都给他母亲写信。
(2) 考试不及格
He failed again in his English exam.
= He failed his English exam again. 他的英语考试又不及格。
He was very sad because he failed all his exams. 他非常难过,因为他所有考试都失败了。
相关词:failure n. 失败(不可数名词)
Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
28、 exactly adv.
(1) 确切地;精确地
I know exactly how she feels now. 我确切地知道她现在的感受。
That’s exactly what I expected. 那正是我所期待的。
It was exactly what I needed. 这正是我所需要的。
Your answer is exactly right. 你的答案完全正确。
Their answers are exactly the same. 他们的答案完全一样。
Tell me exactly where he is. 确切地告诉我他现在在哪里。
(2) 口语:一点不错、正是如此(用作答语,表示赞同)
--- He is really tall now. 他现在实在是很高啊。 --- Exactly. 确实如此。
29、 pride n. 自豪、骄傲(不可数名词)
take pride in 为......感到自豪
the pride of ......的骄傲
They take pride in their son’s achievement. 他们为儿子的成就感到自豪。
They all take pride in their son. 他们都以他们的儿子为荣。
Yuan Longping is the pride of China and we all admire him.袁隆平是中国的骄傲,我们都敬佩他。
30、 proud adj. 骄傲的、感到自豪的
be proud of 为......感到骄傲、自豪= take pride in
be proud to do sth 为做某事感到骄傲
My parents are proud of me. 我的父母以我为荣。
We are proud of the great changes in our country. 我们为祖国的巨大变化感到自豪。
I’m proud to give a speech here. 我很自豪能在这里演讲。
31、 introduction n.介绍;序言、引言(复数:introductions)
make an introduction/ introductions 作介绍
In the introduction, he explains why he wrote the book. 在引言里,他解释了为什么要写这本书。
Here are some introductions of/about the book. 这里有一些关于这本书的介绍。
相关词:introduce v. 介绍
introduce sb/sth/oneself 介绍某人/物/某人自己 introduce A to B 把A介绍给B
introduce ... into 引入、引进
First, let me introduce my wife/ the book/myself. 首先,让我介绍一下我的妻子/这本书/我自己。
Allow me to introduce my friend Tom to you. 请允许我为你介绍我的朋友汤姆。
We have introduced some new technology into our company. 我们公司引进了一些新的技术。
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