重难点11 阅读理解之记叙文-2025年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（天津专用）

重难点11 阅读理解之记叙文 三年考情分析 2025考向预测 年份 篇目 语篇类型 主题语境 主题语境内容 细节理解 主旨大意 推理判断 词义猜测 态度意图/语篇结构 近几年，天津卷对于记叙文的考查主要集中于细节理解题和推理判断题，也会偶尔考查主旨大意和词义猜测。 预计2025年，阅读理解仍然会考查记叙文，会继续考查细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题等题型。 2024年3月 C 记叙文 人与社会 学校生活 1 0 4 0 0 2023年6月 B 记叙文 人与自我 个人经历 3 1 1 0 0 2023年3月 B 记叙文 人与自我 个人经历 3 1 1 0 0 2022年6月 B 记叙文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 3 1 1 0 0 【题型解读】 记叙文是以写人、叙事为主，以人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式，其特点如下：主题往往蕴含在字里行间，需要透过表面理解、领悟文字的深层含义，通过归纳概括来进行提炼；大多按时间或空间顺序展开叙述。阅读时应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中叙述的主要内容，从整体上把握文章的脉络。文章一般具有“双线”，一方面要依据时空的顺序和故事的发展明确故事人物关系，理清故事主要事件以及它们之间的内在联系；另一方面，要根据人物的处境和叙述、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度。 【备考策略】 进行阅读理解时，首要步骤是全面阅读文章，明确六大要素（时间、地点、人物、(事情的)起因、经过和结果，即when, where, who, why, what和how）及叙述顺序线索（人物线索<人物的经历、见闻、感受等>、事件线索<中心事件的来龙去脉>、感情线索<作者或作品中主要人物的思想感情变化>、时间线索、地点和空间线索等），尤其要关注文中提及的多重时间、地点和人物，梳理事件的起因、过程和结局。随后，细读题目，于文中搜寻相关信息。最终，依据搜集的信息做出准确选择。 若文中人物众多，还需理清人物间关系。对于故事性记叙文，需通读全文，把握故事的发生、发展、高潮与结局；寓言哲理类文章，则需理解故事蕴含的哲理，特别留意结尾处的升华；而逸闻趣事或人物传记类，则需体会对话风格，感悟故事精髓。 【做题步骤】 快速浏览题干：首先阅读题目要求，明确考查点，如细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意等。 有针对性地阅读文章：根据题干要求，有选择地阅读文章中的相关段落和细节，避免盲目阅读全文。 （PS: 记叙文阅读理解的时间控制在7-8分钟，避免在某一题上花费过多时间。） （建议用时：60分钟） （2024·天津卷第一次）Our teacher, Miss Chevalier was a small woman, with a moon face, fatty fingers and curls that sprang straight up from her head, hence the funny name “Poodle (卷毛狗)”. She taught in our reading club. Sometimes she would look in and ask what we were reading — not to check but to know. That’s what happened the day my club was reading aloud a poem by Henry Longfellow. I guess I was better than the others, for Miss Chevalier asked a while later, “Addie, I was wondering if you would recite the whole poem to the Saturday evening’s club.” She said a famous professor was going to give a lecture about the poet, and a presentation of that poem would be a fresh way to start. She asked me to memorize it. “But that shouldn’t be a problem for a child of your ability,” she added. I’m telling you, my happy feet barely touched the ground all the way home. To me, that was the biggest thing ever and I soon learned the whole poem by heart, well prepared for our first rehearsal. I was desperately nervous when I went to her office the next day. But the good thing was she always had the smile that would make you feel like you just did something right. Halfway through the poem, Miss Chevalier stopped me and asked if I knew what “impetuous” meant. Despite her encouraging smile, I wanted to sink through the floor because I was unsure about its pronunciation as well as its meaning. Miss Chevalier pretended not to have noticed my red face and handed me a dictionary, asking me to read its definition aloud. “Impetuous has two definitions: rushing with great force or violence; acting suddenly, with little thought. ” She asked me which one fitted the poem. I read both definitions over again, trying to figure it out, but Miss Chevalier must have read my mind. “There is no wrong answer,” she said, “I want to know your opinion, Addie.” Hesitantly, I said, “Maybe… both.” She liked that. “One has to be impetuous both ways or they wouldn’t dare to face up to any challenge. Would you call yourself impetuous?” I knew she was asking for an opinion. “My mother thinks being impetuous for girls is improper, anyway.” She said my mom was somewhat right about that. “But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl.” After that, I would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again. 1．Why was Addie asked to recite Longfellow’s poem to the Saturday evening’s club? A．To help with her performance. B．To get the attention of her classmates. C．To set an example for the rest of the class. D．To try a new way to warm up the coming lecture. 2．Why did Addie feel happy on her way home? A．An event was going to happen. B．She was fully ready for her first rehearsal. C．She gained recognition for her performance. D．She memorized the poem sooner than others. 3．What can be learned about Miss Chevalier’s personality from the way she treated Addie? A．Caring and considerate. B．Easygoing and carefree. C．Curious and open-minded. D．Disciplined and strong-willed. 4．How did Miss Chevalier succeed in making Addie truly understand the word “impetuous”? A．By asking Addie to define it in her own way. B．By interpreting the two definitions separately. C．By consulting the dictionary for its definitions. D．By linking its definitions to Addie’s situations. 5．What is the probable reason that Addie would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again? A．She followed her mother’s advice. B．She made up her mind to be a polite girl. C．She was touched by Miss Chevalier’s trust. D．She felt Miss Chevalier’s teaching funny. （2023·天津卷第二次）I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race. I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it. I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer; surely you will be, too.” What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water. Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts. Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard! My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip. I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra … 1．What did the sight of the violins in that little shop bring to Tara's mind? A．Her miserable past. B．An unforgettable sport event. C．The stories behind the violins. D．Her childhood memory. 2．What Dad did for Tara during the swimming competition implies that he is ________. A．mindless and bad-tempered B．caring and supportive C．strict and demanding D．tolerant and sympathetic 3．What fascinated Tara during her school orchestra's demonstration? A．The tune of the flutes. B．The beat of the drums. C．The sound of the violin. D．The manner of the musicians. 4．What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra? A．The steady improvement in her taste. B．Her strong desire for success. C．Her natural gift for music. D．The rapid progress in her ability. 5．What message does Tara's story convey? A．It's never too young to learn. B．A passionate interest works wonders. C．Hard work will pay off in the long run. D．Like mother, like daughter. （2023·天津卷第一次）One freezing morning last February, I walked through Ontario Place. Trees were frosted sculptures. Large chunks of ice floated in the lake. Then I saw a group of people in bathing suits bouncing up and down in the water. They held hands, shouting and yelling into the sky. They looked and sounded so free. I’ve always found cold water thrilling. The shock of it is like pressing a switch. It seems to reset my body and soul. And last winter, I definitely needed a reset. I woke up most mornings with a dull, grey feeling as I forced myself out of bed to start the day. I needed something to cheer myself up, but I didn’t know what, until that day. The ice warriors (勇士) emerged from the lake, their skin steaming. Trembling, they were yet laughing and hugging each other. I called out: “You guys are awesome!” One woman waved back, “Come and join us! We’ re here every Monday morning.” The night before my first dip (游泳), I was excited and nervous. Cold water was one thing, but this icy lake was a whole other level. Should I back out? Eventually, I got up in the dark and drove to the meeting spot. After some wild warm up, I charged into the lake along with others. We yelled into the sky. Teeth chattering heart rates slowing, fingers and toes going numb (麻木), we stayed there for somewhere between two and five minutes. Knowing it was my first time, people cheered me on. It felt amazing. I was stupid with cold, but I couldn’t remember the last time I’d felt so happy. Now I go dipping almost every day, and I’ve come to long for that moment when the cold becomes a second skin and my internal voice goes silent. Apart from the thrill of those first heart-stopping dives, which, ironically, saved me from going under, what has drawn me is this community of generous, open-hearted souls. We laughed together, often, but from the stories we’ve shared about ourselves, I know I’m not the only one who faces life’s challenges. Holding hands in the freezing lake, we looked out for each other last winter and will do so through this one. It won’t fix everything in our lives—but for some reason, it helps. At the end of each session I return home feeling stronger, lighter, more able to carry on. As another winter sets in, I’m more than ready to embrace the cold again. 1．When the author saw the people in the lake, her feeling can be best described as __________ A．nervous B．amazed C．frightened D．calm 2．Why did the author think of joining the swimmers? A．To expand her social circle. B．To lift her spirits again. C．To adapt to the cold weather. D．To prepare for a new career 3．What can be learnt about the author’s first dipping? A．She hesitated a bit before going. B．She suffered from a heart problem. C．She stayed in cold water too long. D．She regretted not doing enough warm up. 4．What change has cold water swimming brought about in the author? A．She is more intelligent. B．She gets more competitive. C．She becomes a better storyteller. D．She regains her inner peace. 5．What message does the author most likely want to convey? A．Severe cold builds up character B．Group wisdom brightens our life. C．Tackling the odds together cures. D．Doing sports promotes friendship. （2022·天津卷第二次）I’m an 18-year-old pre-medical student, tall and good-looking, with two short story books and quite a number of essays to my credit. Why am I singing such praises of myself? Just to explain that the attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where my struggle began. Born and raised in Africa，I had always taken my African origin as burden. My self-dislike was further fueled when my family had to relocate to Norway, where I attended a high school. Compared to all the white girls around me, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I, a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nose often had a thin sheet of sweat on it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “I’m so different!” What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering (口吃), which had weakened my self-confidence. It always stood between me and any fine opportunity. I’d taken it as an excuse to avoid any public speaking sessions, and unknowingly let it rule over me. Fortunately, as I grew older, there came a turning point. One day a white girl caught my eye on the school bus when she suddenly turned back. To my astonishment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was in November! “Wow,” I whispered to myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disorder after all. It’s perfectly normal.” Days later, my life took an-other twist(转折). Searching the internet for stuttering cures, I accidentally learned that such famous people as Isaac Newton and Winston Churchill also stuttered. I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I shouldn’t allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success. Another boost to my self-confidence came days later as I was watching the news about Oprah Winfrey, the famous talk show host and writer—she’s black too! Whenever I think of her story and my former dislike of my color, I’m practically filled with shame. Today, I’ve grown to accept what I am with pride; it simply gives me feeling of uniqueness. The idea of self-love has taken on a whole new meaning for me: there’s always something fantastic about us, and what we need to do is learn to appreciate it. 1．What affected the author’s adjustment to her school life in Norway？ A．Her appearance B．Social discrimination. C．Her changing emotions. D．The climate in Norway. 2．What did the author’s occasional stuttering bring about according on Paragraph 3? A．Her lack of self-confidence. B．Her loss of interest in school. C．Her unwillingness to greet her classmates. D．Her desire for chances to improve herself. 3．How did the author feel on noticing the similarity between her and the girl on the bus? A．Blessed and proud. B．Confused and afraid. C．Amazed and relieved. D．Shocked and ashamed. 4．What lesson did the author learn from the cases of Newton and Churchill? A．Great minds speak alike. B．Stuttering is no barrier to success. C．Wisdom counts more than hard work. D．Famous people can’t live with their weaknesses. 5．What can best summarize the message contained in the passage? A．Pride comes before a fall. B．Where there is a will, there is a way. C．Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself. D．Self-love is key to the attainment of self-pride. （2021·天津卷第二次）When people ask me how I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt to work with language. Having said that, I did not know for a long time what I was looking for. It was not until I followed this feeling to its source that I discovered I had a passion for writing. With some encouragement from my colleagues, I had one of my poems published. This bit of success, however, was the point where my problem began. Back in 1978, I had to travel between three different campuses in the morning, teaching freshman composition. Afternoons I spent taking my daughter to her ballet and horse-riding lessons. I composed my lectures on the way, and that was all the thinking time I had. When I returned home, there was not enough of me left for writing after a full working day. As a way out, I decided to get up two hours before my usual time. My alarm was set for 5:00 A．M. The first day I shut it off because I had placed it within arm's reach. The second day I set two clocks, one on my night table, and one out in the hallway. I had to jump out of bed and run to silence it before my family was awoken. This was when my morning writing began. Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing. I wrote my poems in this manner for nearly ten years before my first book was published. When I decided to write a novel, I divided my two hours: the first for poetry, the second for fiction. Well or badly, I wrote at least two pages a day. This is how my novel, The Line of the Sun. was finished. If I had waited to have the time, I would still be waiting to write my novel. What I got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that I am in control. For many people, the initial sense of urgency to create easily dies away because it requires making the tough decision: taking the time to create, stealing it from yourself if ifs the only way. 1．What motivated the author to start her writing career? A．Her strong wish to share. B．Her keen interest in writing. C．Her urgent need to make a living. D．Her passionate desire for fame. 2．What problem did the author face when she decided to begin her writing? A．She was too exhausted to write after a busy day. B．She had trouble in deciding on her writing style. C．She had to take time to discipline her daughter. D．She was unsure about her writing skills. 3．Why did the author place an alarm clock in the hallway? A．In case the clock in her room broke down. B．In case she failed to hear the ringing. C．To force herself out of bed. D．To wake up her family. 4．How did the author manage to finish her novel? A．By sticking to writing every morning. B．By writing when her mind was most active. C．By drawing inspirations from classic novels. D．By reducing her teaching hours at school. 5．What can we learn from the author's success in her writing career? A．It is never too late to change your job. B．Imaginative ideas die away if not taken in time. C．A tight schedule is no excuse for lack of action. D．Daily life provides ideas for creative writing. （2024·天津河西·二模）Standing at the finish line, 70-year-old Bob Long spent a while reflecting on the achievement he’d just made. Behind him was the wild, endless Mongolian grassland extending into the distance. This American had just become the oldest person to ever complete and win the Mongol Derby, the world’s longest horse race. Long, a rider all his life, entered the race after being inspired by All the Wild Horses, a movie based on the grueling event. Fearing that he wouldn’t be able to complete it, he set about preparing his mind and body for this “hardest, toughest, most demanding thing you can do on a horse”, an annual 1000-kilometer race that was recognized as the world’s longest horse race by The Guinness Book of Records in 2011. He confirmed his belief that preparation can surpass youth, as some of the other riders were less prepared. Although Long had been riding horses for many years, the hardship and uncertainty of the task pushed him to his limit and forced him to depend entirely on his own will. The race organizers had provided an extensive support network to keep an eye on the participants from afar. Despite that, the physical strain of riding such a long distance made simple things like squatting (蹲) down at the end of the day almost impossible. Along the vast race course there were unpredictable circumstances beyond Long’s control, however well prepared he’d been. Weather was one of them, which could switch from heavy rain to burning unexpectedly. Above all else, the biggest obstacle was the state of mind. Without a living soul in sight, Long was desperate for interaction, guidance, and comfort. This feeling of loneliness accounted for his hope that one of his fellow competitors would catch up. Regardless of the hardship, Long felt a sort of spiritual adventure while traveling through the wilderness. He was provided with some memorable moments while connecting with nature. He also grew to love the country and the communities along the route. Still holding the passion for riding, Long never dismisses the idea of competing in another Mongol Derby. 1．What distinguished Bob Long from other competitors in the Mongol Derby? A．He rode the whole race course alone. B．He completed the toughest part of the course. C．He was the oldest participant of the horse race. D．He was most likely to enter the competition again. 2．What does the underlined word “grueling” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Tough but rewarding. B．Difficult and exhausting. C．Comfortable and pleasant. D．Romantic but time-consuming. 3．What was the biggest challenge that Long faced during the race? A．The changeable weather. B．The mental state in the course. C．The difficulty in finding the right route. D．The physical strain of riding a long distance. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．An introduction to the Mongol Derby. B．A review of a film based on the longest horse race. C．The experience of the Mongol Derby’s oldest winner. D．The preparations before a long and difficult horse race. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Competing in the Mongol Derby B．All the Wild Horses C．The Guinness Book of Records D．Endless Mongolian grassland （2024·天津河北·二模）In my senior year of high school, while living with my grandparents, I discovered a unique talent: perfect timing. This discovery of my perfect timing was so astonishing that I kept it to myself, thinking no one would believe my ability to time my arrival at school with extraordinary precision. My mother passed away when I was 13, leaving me, the oldest of four, in the care of our grandparents. Our father was absent, so financial challenges were part of our daily life. This prompted my grandfather to work as the janitor (门卫) of our school—a large building for grades 1-12. To help out, I started assisting him after school to ease his burden, such as sweeping rooms and emptying wastebaskets, earning a small wage in the process. I continued this work until my final year of high school. By that time, Grandpa was eight years past retirement age. When the first cold snap of that year arrived, he fired up the school’s furnace (火炉). He quickly realized how difficult it had become for him to shovel the huge pile of coal chips required to fill the hopper (漏斗) of the furnace’s stoker (司炉). I volunteered to take on that job, a commitment that required me to set my alarm clock an hour earlier each morning. I’d fumble into coal-darkened jeans, go over to the school, and shovel a half-ton of coal into the hopper, enough to keep the fire blazing for 24 hours. The next morning, I’d fill it again. After finishing that chore, I’d go home, clean up, change clothes, and eat breakfast. I’d pace my preparations by glancing at the clock in the dining room—it would be years before I’d have a watch. Then I’d head back to school, always at the last minute. It was during those morning rushes to school that I discovered my superpower. What initially seemed like mere coincidence—arriving at the exact moment the first bell rang—quickly became a deliberate challenge. I meticulously (小心翼翼地) planned each morning to maintain this precise timing, revealing in the master y of my routine. Years later, at a school reunion, I recounted this story to Harold Spiry, the school headmaster during my time. I boasted about my perfect timing, recalling with pride how I had mastered my mornings to the second. ‘Oh that,’ he said, his eyes narrowing as he thought back to that time. ‘Do you recall that my desk and office windows looked out over the front of the building? I often saw you coming. And when you hit the sidewalk, I’d ring the bell.’ Oh, my ‘perfect timing’ was actually his doing. 1．What can we infer about the author’s character from his perfect timing? A．He lacks confidence. B．He is naturally lucky. C．He prefers to work alone. D．He values precision and discipline. 2．Why did the author’s grandfather work as a janitor? A．He was passionate about cleaning. B．He found it was the only job available. C．He needed the job to support the family financially. D．He wanted to stay close to his grandchildren at school. 3．What motivated the author to take over the task of shoveling coal for the furnace? A．He wanted to learn a new skill. B．He needed extra money for personal expenses. C．He wanted to relieve his grandfather’s workload. D．He was interested in the mechanical operation of the furnace. 4．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．The author’s devotion to aiding his grandfather with coal shoveling. B．The author’s daily routine of waking up early to attend school. C．The author’s development of a new skill in coal shoveling. D．The author’s realization of the importance of punctuality. 5．What message does the author’s story convey? A．Our accomplishments are often supported by unseen kindness. B．Challenges can only be overcome through personal hardships. C．Personal talents bring pride and joy to an individual’s life. D．Perseverance leads to the development of unique skills. （2024·天津南开·二模）The little country schoolhouse was heated by an old-fashioned, pot-bellied coal stove (煤炉) . A little boy had the job of coming to school early each day to start the fire and warm the room before his teacher and his classmates arrived. One morning they arrived to find the schoolhouse engulfed in flames (被火焰吞没) . They dragged the unconscious little boy out of the flaming building more dead than alive. He had major burns over the lower half of his body and was taken to a nearby county hospital. His mother was told that he was sure to die. Even if he were to survive, he would be a cripple (瘸子) throughout his life. But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be a cripple. Much to be the amazement of the doctor, he did survive. But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just dangled (悬荡) there, lifeless. Ultimately he was released from the hospital. But his determination to walk was as strong as ever. At home, when he was not in bed, he was limited to a wheelchair. One day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He reached the fence, raised himself up and then stake by stake, he began dragging himself along the fence, and decided that he would walk. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided. With his iron persistence and his resolute determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk slowly, then to walk by himself and then to run. He began to walk to school, then run to school, to run for the sheer joy of running. Later in college he made the track team. In February 1934, in New York City's famed Madison Square Garden, this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run-this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile. 1．Why did the little boy go to school early every day? A．To decorate the classroom. B．To clean the classroom. C．To light the stove. D．To give teachers and classmates a surprise. 2．What can be concluded from Paragraph 2? A．The little boy was badly burned. B．The little boy lost the lower part of his body. C．The little boy was crippled. D．The little boy's mother was sure he was going to die. 3．What problem did the little boy face when he left hospital? A．He didn't have long to live. B．He might never walk again. C．He had no motor ability. D．He lost his legs. 4．How did the little boy walk again? A．By throwing himself from the wheelchair. B．By climbing on the fence. C．By pulling himself along the fence each day. D．By joining the track team. 5．Dr. Glenn Cunningham's 1934 race result was A．depressing. B．challenging C．promising D．impressive （2024·天津河西·三模）A friend and I were having lunch and I asked about her son who was getting professional help for some behavioral problems he was having. Our conversation went like this: “There’s a good change in his attitude. He’s staying out of trouble, but I’m just waiting for the other shoe to drop.” she said. “It’s hard to trust him yet. He is doing things that he’s never done before, which is great. But I still need to supervise him just in case.” I asked a couple of questions: “Have you told him how proud you are of how far he’s come? Have you thanked him for the things he’s now doing but never did in the past?” She said no. And because she’s a very bright woman she followed it up with: “I really need to say those things because I am proud of him and I am grateful for what he’s doing now. All I keep doing is looking at what he’s still doing wrong and getting on him about that. How’s he ever going to feel good about himself and continue to improve if I don’t acknowledge him for all his improvements and growth?” “If I keep waiting for the other shoe to drop, it will!” I just smiled and told her I loved her and that she’s a great mom. The conversation moved on to a new topic. It’s worth taking a look at your close relationships, especially with your kids and asking yourself: Do I spend too much time letting them know what they’re doing wrong? Do I ignore their efforts toward positive change? Do I still find ways to be unsatisfied with their behavior? If you answer yes to any of those questions, you’re now the one who needs to do some changing. Never forget that people love to be acknowledged — not just for the big things but the little things, too. Appreciation and love are the driving force that keeps them wanting to do well and do something nice for others. 1．The author’s friend ______. A．was already satisfied with her son’s behavior B．was particular about her son’s attitude C．was still worried about her son’s behavior D．already fully believed in her son 2．The attitude the friend holds towards the author’s advice is ______. A．favorable B．negative C．unconcerned D．doubtful 3．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? A．If I keep waiting for kids to correct mistakes, they will. B．If I keep waiting for kids to change positively, they will. C．If I keep waiting for kids to wear the other shoe, they will. D．If I keep waiting for kids to make mistakes, they will. 4．The motivations for kids to keep behaving well are ______. A．direct rejection and scolding B．proper affection and admiration C．blind love and appreciation D．strict requirements and standards 5．The best title for the text is ______. A．A Dialogue Between Two Women B．Are You Proud of Your Child? C．Be Patient When You Are a Parent D．One Major Thing Most Parents Forget to Do （2024·天津北辰·三模）To save the environment, we must all join in — and nobody knows this better than 70-year-old grandmother Pat Smith who spent 2018 cleaning up litter from 52 beaches in Cornwall on the United Kingdom’s south coast. Smith set out in January, 2018 to carry out her New Year’s resolution of making her community a better and cleaner place. The ambitious goal came to her after she watched a documentary on plastic pollution the previous year, and she knew she couldn’t just sit by. Often, volunteers would join her in her efforts, including her grandchildren, or she would join hands with other campaigners such as Wayne Dixon, who is walking around the UK coast as an ambassador for Keep Britain Tidy. During her beach cleans, Smith was sometimes mistaken for doing community service! She said, “People don’t understand I’ve been doing this voluntarily. We should all take responsibility for picking up the litter as well as ensuring we don’t drop litter in the first place. Even before her beach cleanups, Smith had begun her first environmental campaign to eliminate plastic straws (吸管) in her city of Cornwall . To date, she has encouraged 600 local companies to stop using unnecessary plastic. In an effort to make her hometown an example for the plastic-free movement in the United Kingdom, she founded The Final Straw Cornwall in the summer of 2017. “I founded the Final Straw to try and raise awareness of the disastrous damage we are doing to our oceans from our casual consumption of single-use plastics. I feel I have a responsibility to my children and grandchildren to do something about it.” She said. Her resolution year may be over but this environmentally conscious grandma continues her quest (追求). “A lot of the rubbish I’ve picked up consists of everyday items,” said Smith. “These things are used by all of us and it is shocking to find them polluting our beautiful beaches. Please let’s try to be more thoughtful in this coming year. I’m driven to try and protect our living planet for my children and grandchildren and I will continue to do everything in my power to achieve that.” 1．What led to Smith’s New Year’s resolution of cleaning her community? A．Community service. B．A film or television program. C．Various ocean protection campaigns. D．Serious pollution in her community. 2．What’s people’s misunderstanding about Smith’s action? A．She was forced to do that. B．She just pretended to be caring. C．She actually did only a little work. D．She wouldn’t stick to the work for long. 3．With her founding of The Final Straw Cornwall, Smith intended to ______. A．set an example to other aged people B．stop her local companies from producing plastic straws C．keep her promise to her children and grandchildren D．make people conscious of the plastic-related environmental problem 4．What opinion about environmental protection did Smith hold? A．It’s everyone’s duty. B．It’s as hard as people think. C．Prevention is more important than protection. D．The younger generation don’t care about it enough. 5．Which of the following best describes Smith as an environmental activist? A．Proud. B．Happy. C．Stressed. D．Determined. ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重难点11 阅读理解之记叙文 三年考情分析 2025考向预测 年份 篇目 语篇类型 主题语境 主题语境内容 细节理解 主旨大意 推理判断 词义猜测 态度意图/语篇结构 近几年，天津卷对于记叙文的考查主要集中于细节理解题和推理判断题，也会偶尔考查主旨大意和词义猜测。 预计2025年，阅读理解仍然会考查记叙文，会继续考查细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题等题型。 2024年3月 C 记叙文 人与社会 学校生活 1 0 4 0 0 2023年6月 B 记叙文 人与自我 个人经历 3 1 1 0 0 2023年3月 B 记叙文 人与自我 个人经历 3 1 1 0 0 2022年6月 B 记叙文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 3 1 1 0 0 【题型解读】 记叙文是以写人、叙事为主，以人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式，其特点如下：主题往往蕴含在字里行间，需要透过表面理解、领悟文字的深层含义，通过归纳概括来进行提炼；大多按时间或空间顺序展开叙述。阅读时应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中叙述的主要内容，从整体上把握文章的脉络。文章一般具有“双线”，一方面要依据时空的顺序和故事的发展明确故事人物关系，理清故事主要事件以及它们之间的内在联系；另一方面，要根据人物的处境和叙述、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度。 【备考策略】 进行阅读理解时，首要步骤是全面阅读文章，明确六大要素（时间、地点、人物、(事情的)起因、经过和结果，即when, where, who, why, what和how）及叙述顺序线索（人物线索<人物的经历、见闻、感受等>、事件线索<中心事件的来龙去脉>、感情线索<作者或作品中主要人物的思想感情变化>、时间线索、地点和空间线索等），尤其要关注文中提及的多重时间、地点和人物，梳理事件的起因、过程和结局。随后，细读题目，于文中搜寻相关信息。最终，依据搜集的信息做出准确选择。 若文中人物众多，还需理清人物间关系。对于故事性记叙文，需通读全文，把握故事的发生、发展、高潮与结局；寓言哲理类文章，则需理解故事蕴含的哲理，特别留意结尾处的升华；而逸闻趣事或人物传记类，则需体会对话风格，感悟故事精髓。 【做题步骤】 快速浏览题干：首先阅读题目要求，明确考查点，如细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意等。 有针对性地阅读文章：根据题干要求，有选择地阅读文章中的相关段落和细节，避免盲目阅读全文。 （PS: 记叙文阅读理解的时间控制在7-8分钟，避免在某一题上花费过多时间。） （建议用时：60分钟） （2024·天津卷第一次）Our teacher, Miss Chevalier was a small woman, with a moon face, fatty fingers and curls that sprang straight up from her head, hence the funny name “Poodle (卷毛狗)”. She taught in our reading club. Sometimes she would look in and ask what we were reading — not to check but to know. That’s what happened the day my club was reading aloud a poem by Henry Longfellow. I guess I was better than the others, for Miss Chevalier asked a while later, “Addie, I was wondering if you would recite the whole poem to the Saturday evening’s club.” She said a famous professor was going to give a lecture about the poet, and a presentation of that poem would be a fresh way to start. She asked me to memorize it. “But that shouldn’t be a problem for a child of your ability,” she added. I’m telling you, my happy feet barely touched the ground all the way home. To me, that was the biggest thing ever and I soon learned the whole poem by heart, well prepared for our first rehearsal. I was desperately nervous when I went to her office the next day. But the good thing was she always had the smile that would make you feel like you just did something right. Halfway through the poem, Miss Chevalier stopped me and asked if I knew what “impetuous” meant. Despite her encouraging smile, I wanted to sink through the floor because I was unsure about its pronunciation as well as its meaning. Miss Chevalier pretended not to have noticed my red face and handed me a dictionary, asking me to read its definition aloud. “Impetuous has two definitions: rushing with great force or violence; acting suddenly, with little thought. ” She asked me which one fitted the poem. I read both definitions over again, trying to figure it out, but Miss Chevalier must have read my mind. “There is no wrong answer,” she said, “I want to know your opinion, Addie.” Hesitantly, I said, “Maybe… both.” She liked that. “One has to be impetuous both ways or they wouldn’t dare to face up to any challenge. Would you call yourself impetuous?” I knew she was asking for an opinion. “My mother thinks being impetuous for girls is improper, anyway.” She said my mom was somewhat right about that. “But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl.” After that, I would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again. 1．Why was Addie asked to recite Longfellow’s poem to the Saturday evening’s club? A．To help with her performance. B．To get the attention of her classmates. C．To set an example for the rest of the class. D．To try a new way to warm up the coming lecture. 2．Why did Addie feel happy on her way home? A．An event was going to happen. B．She was fully ready for her first rehearsal. C．She gained recognition for her performance. D．She memorized the poem sooner than others. 3．What can be learned about Miss Chevalier’s personality from the way she treated Addie? A．Caring and considerate. B．Easygoing and carefree. C．Curious and open-minded. D．Disciplined and strong-willed. 4．How did Miss Chevalier succeed in making Addie truly understand the word “impetuous”? A．By asking Addie to define it in her own way. B．By interpreting the two definitions separately. C．By consulting the dictionary for its definitions. D．By linking its definitions to Addie’s situations. 5．What is the probable reason that Addie would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again? A．She followed her mother’s advice. B．She made up her mind to be a polite girl. C．She was touched by Miss Chevalier’s trust. D．She felt Miss Chevalier’s teaching funny. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了老师希望作者以诗歌朗诵的形式为周六晚上的演讲活动来暖场，排练时作者有一个词不懂，老师耐心引导作者理解，使作者逐渐领悟该词词义，作者很感动。 1．细节理解题。由第二段中“She said a famous professor was going to give a lecture about the poet, and a presentation of that poem would be a fresh way to start. (她说一位著名的教授要给这位诗人做讲座，而这首诗的演讲将是一个新的开始)”可知，老师谢瓦利埃小姐希望作者以诗歌朗诵的形式为周六晚上的演讲活动来暖场，D项“尝试一种新的方式来为即将到来的讲座热身”符合题意。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。由第三段中““But that shouldn’t be a problem for a child of your ability,” she added. (“但对于你这种能力的孩子来说，这应该不是问题，”她补充道)”可知，老师信任作者的朗诵能力，她感到非常高兴，C项“她的表现获得了认可”符合题意。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。由第四段中“But the good thing was she always had the smile that would make you feel like you just did something right. (但好的是，她总是面带微笑，让你觉得你做得对)”和第五段中“Despite her encouraging smile, I wanted to sink through the floor because I was unsure about its pronunciation as well as its meaning. Miss Chevalier pretended not to have noticed my red face and handed me a dictionary, asking me to read its definition aloud. (尽管她微笑着鼓励我，但我还是想沉下去，因为我不确定它的发音和含义。谢瓦利埃小姐假装没有注意到我的脸红，递给我一本词典，让我大声朗读它的定义)”可知，老师对作者很关爱和耐心指导。由此推知，老师是一个关心人和体贴的人。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。由第六段中““There is no wrong answer,” she said, “I want to know your opinion, Addie.”(“没有错误的答案，”她说，“我想知道你的意见，艾迪)”，第七段中“One has to be impetuous both ways or they wouldn’t dare to face up to any challenge. Would you call yourself impetuous? (一个人必须左右都冲动，否则他们不敢面对任何挑战。你会说自己冲动吗？)”， 第八段中“My mother thinks being impetuous for girls is improper, anyway. (不管怎样，我妈妈认为对女孩冲动是不合适的)” 和第九段“She said my mom was somewhat right about that. “But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl.”(她说我妈妈说得对。“但女孩们也应该明智地在需要时接受挑战。我相信你就是这样一个女孩。”)”可知，通过教师与作者对话的叙述，教师通过一系列问题把作者的成长背景和“impetuous”词义联系起来，使作者逐渐领悟该词词义，D项“把它的定义与艾迪的情况联系起来”符合题意。故选D项。 5．推理判断题。由第九段中“But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl. (但女孩们也应该明智地在需要时接受挑战。我相信你就是这样一个女孩)”可推知，老师的信任令作者感动，所以作者再也不会称谢瓦利埃小姐为“卷毛狗”。故选C项。 （2023·天津卷第二次）I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race. I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it. I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too. ”What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water. Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts. Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip. I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra … 1．What did the sight of the violins in that little shop bring to Tara's mind? A．Her miserable past. B．An unforgettable sport event. C．The stories behind the violins. D．Her childhood memory. 2．What Dad did for Tara during the swimming competition implies that he is ________. A．mindless and bad-tempered B．caring and supportive C．strict and demanding D．tolerant and sympathetic 3．What fascinated Tara during her school orchestra's demonstration? A．The tune of the flutes. B．The beat of the drums. C．The sound of the violin. D．The manner of the musicians. 4．What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra? A．The steady improvement in her taste. B．Her strong desire for success. C．Her natural gift for music. D．The rapid progress in her ability. 5．What message does Tara's story convey? A．It's never too young to learn. B．A passionate interest works wonders. C．Hard work will pay off in the long run. D．Like mother, like daughter. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者路过橱窗时，看到一把迷人的小提琴深受吸引。在游泳比赛屡次落后的情形下，我观看了学校管弦乐队举办的演奏会。在得到父母的许可下，我充满激情地练习小提琴最终成为了社区管弦乐团的首席。 1．细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一行“As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. ”(当我的目光停留在他们身上时，我觉得自己好像在透过窗户回顾自己的过去。)和第四段第一行“My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. ”(我的童年都是我尝试追求过的爱好，其中大部分都是妈妈选择的。)可知，透过商店的小提琴作者回想起了童年。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。由文章第五段最后两句“I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts.”(如果我没有听到父亲鼓励我加油的呼喊声，我早就放弃了。当我的手终于抓住泳池边时，他总是拿着一条温暖、干燥的毛巾在那里，告诉我他为我拼命的努力感到多么自豪。)由此可以推断爸爸是关心和支持作者的。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。由文章第六段最后两句“But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. ”( 但是小提琴…啊，小提琴。它发出了我听过的最甜美的声音！我的心随着它流动的曲调翩翩起舞。我有生以来第一次欣喜若狂。)可知是小提琴的声音令作者痴迷。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。由文章第八段第一句“I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability.”(我怀着极大的热情开始练习小提琴，并且能力迅速提升。 )可知，作者进步飞速，所以才成为首席。故选D项。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章，作者非常拼命地游泳但是依然落后于其他人。他非常热爱小提琴，进步飞速，很快成为了管弦乐团的首席，可知兴趣爱好是最好的老师，能创造奇迹。故选B项。 （2023·天津卷第一次）One freezing morning last February, I walked through Ontario Place. Trees were frosted sculptures. Large chunks of ice floated in the lake. Then I saw a group of people in bathing suits bouncing up and down in the water. They held hands, shouting and yelling into the sky. They looked and sounded so free. I’ve always found cold water thrilling. The shock of it is like pressing a switch. It seems to reset my body and soul. And last winter, I definitely needed a reset. I woke up most mornings with a dull, grey feeling as I forced myself out of bed to start the day. I needed something to cheer myself up, but I didn’t know what, until that day. The ice warriors (勇士) emerged from the lake, their skin steaming. Trembling, they were yet laughing and hugging each other. I called out:  “You guys are awesome!” One woman waved back, “Come and join us! We’ re here every Monday morning.” The night before my first dip (游泳), I was excited and nervous. Cold water was one thing, but this icy lake was a whole other level. Should I back out? Eventually, I got up in the dark and drove to the meeting spot. After some wild warm up, I charged into the lake along with others. We yelled into the sky. Teeth chattering heart rates slowing, fingers and toes going numb (麻木), we stayed there for somewhere between two and five minutes. Knowing it was my first time, people cheered me on. It felt amazing. I was stupid with cold, but I couldn’t remember the last time I’d felt so happy. Now I go dipping almost every day, and I’ve come to long for that moment when the cold becomes a second skin and my internal voice goes silent. Apart from the thrill of those first heart-stopping dives, which, ironically, saved me from going under, what has drawn me is this community of generous, open-hearted souls. We laughed together, often, but from the stories we’ve shared about ourselves, I know I’m not the only one who faces life’s challenges. Holding hands in the freezing lake, we looked out for each other last winter and will do so through this one. It won’t fix everything in our lives—but for some reason, it helps. At the end of each session I return home feeling stronger, lighter, more able to carry on. As another winter sets in, I’m more than ready to embrace the cold again. 1．When the author saw the people in the lake, her feeling can be best described as __________ A．nervous B．amazed C．frightened D．calm 2．Why did the author think of joining the swimmers? A．To expand her social circle. B．To lift her spirits again. C．To adapt to the cold weather. D．To prepare for a new career 3．What can be learnt about the author’s first dipping? A．She hesitated a bit before going. B．She suffered from a heart problem. C．She stayed in cold water too long. D．She regretted not doing enough warm up. 4．What change has cold water swimming brought about in the author? A．She is more intelligent. B．She gets more competitive. C．She becomes a better storyteller. D．She regains her inner peace. 5．What message does the author most likely want to convey? A．Severe cold builds up character B．Group wisdom brightens our life. C．Tackling the odds together cures. D．Doing sports promotes friendship. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是记叙文。这篇文章讲述了作者在冰冷的湖中潜泳的经历，并且分享了参与这个活动的人们所带来的快乐和支持。通过这个经历，作者能够重新调整和振作起来，带着更强大的力量面对生活中的挑战。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Then I saw a group of people in bathing suits bouncing up and down in the water. They held hands, shouting and yelling into the sky. They looked and sounded so free. (然后我看到一群穿着泳衣的人在水里跳上跳下。他们手牵着手，对着天空大喊大叫。他们看起来很自由，听起来也很自由。)”以及第二段“I’ve always found cold water thrilling. The shock of it is like pressing a switch. It seems to reset my body and soul. (我一直觉得冰冷的水让人兴奋。它的冲击感就像按下一个按钮。似乎它能够重新调整我的身体和灵魂)”和第四段“The ice warriors (勇士) emerged from the lake, their skin steaming. Trembling, they were yet laughing and hugging each other. I called out:   “You guys are awesome!” (冰勇士们从湖中冒出来，浑身冒着热气。他们颤抖着，但仍然笑着，互相拥抱着。我喊道：“你们太棒了!”)”可知，冷水让作者兴奋，她看到湖中的人，觉得他们太棒了，所以感觉是惊讶的。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“And last winter, I definitely needed a reset. I woke up most mornings with a dull, grey feeling as I forced myself out of bed to start the day. I needed something to cheer myself up, but I didn’t know what, until that day. (去年冬天，我确实需要重新调整一下。大多数早晨，当我强迫自己下床开始新的一天时，我都是带着一种沉闷、灰暗的感觉醒来的。我需要一些东西让自己振作起来，但我不知道是什么，直到那天。)”可知，作者去年冬天，整个人很沮丧，需要一些东西让自己振作起来，所以想加入游泳。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“The night before my first dip (游泳), I was excited and nervous. Cold water was one thing, but this icy lake was a whole other level. Should I back out? Eventually, I got up in the dark and drove to the meeting spot. (第一次泡澡的前一天晚上，我既兴奋又紧张。冷水是一回事，但这个冰湖完全是另一回事。我应该退出吗?最后，我在黑暗中起床，驱车前往会面地点。)”可知，作者第一次尝试冬泳前，她犹豫了一下。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Now I go dipping almost every day, and I’ve come to long for that moment when the cold becomes a second skin and my internal voice goes silent. (现在我几乎每天都去游泳，我已经开始渴望那一刻，当寒冷成为我的第二层皮肤，我内心的声音安静下来。)”可知，冷水游泳使作者恢复了内心的平静。故选D项。 5．主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段“Apart from the thrill of those first heart-stopping dives, which, ironically, saved me from going under, what has drawn me is this community of generous, open-hearted souls. (具有讽刺意味的是，第一次潜水的惊险刺激使我免于沉入海底，但吸引我的是这个慷慨、心胸开阔的社区)”，倒数第二段“We laughed together, often, but from the stories we’ve shared about ourselves, I know I’m not the only one who faces life’s challenges. Holding hands in the freezing lake, we looked out for each other last winter and will do so through this one. (我们经常一起笑，但从我们分享的故事中，我知道我不是唯一一个面临生活挑战的人。去年冬天，我们手牵着手在冰冷的湖面上守望着彼此，今年也将如此。)”以及最后一段“It won’t fix everything in our lives—but for some reason, it helps. At the end of each session I return home feeling stronger, lighter, more able to carry on. As another winter sets in, I’m more than ready to embrace the cold again. (它不会解决我们生活中的所有问题，但出于某种原因，它会有所帮助。每次游泳结束后，我回到家，感觉更强壮、更轻松，更能坚持下去。又一个冬天来临了，我已经准备好再次拥抱寒冷了。)”可知，作者最想传达的信息是，冬泳让自己感到惊险刺激，但是真正吸引作者的是和社区的人分享故事，一起面对生活的困难，互相鼓励，让自己感觉更强壮、更轻松，更能坚持下去，所以是一起解决问题治愈人心。故选C项。 （2022·天津卷第二次）I’m an 18-year-old pre-medical student, tall and good-looking, with two short story books and quite a number of essays to my credit. Why am I singing such praises of myself? Just to explain that the attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where my struggle began. Born and raised in Africa，I had always taken my African origin as burden. My self-dislike was further fueled when my family had to relocate to Norway, where I attended a high school. Compared to all the white girls around me, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I ,a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nose often had a thin sheet of sweat on it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “I’m so different!” What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering (口吃), which had weakened my self-confidence. It always stood between me and any fine opportunity. I’d taken it as an excuse to avoid any public speaking sessions, and unknowingly let it rule over me. Fortunately, as I grew older, there came a turning point. One day a white girl caught my eye on the school bus when she suddenly turned back. To my astonishment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was in November! “Wow,” I whispered to myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disorder after all. It’s perfectly normal.” Days later, my life took an-other twist(转折). Searching the internet for stuttering cures, I accidentally learned that such famous people as Isaac Newton and Winston Churchill also stuttered. I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I shouldn’t allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success. Another boost to my self-confidence came days later as I was watching the news about Oprah Winfrey, the famous talk show host and writer—she’s black too! Whenever I think of her story and my former dislike of my color, I’m practically filled with shame. Today, I’ve grown to accept what I am with pride; it simply gives me feeling of uniqueness. The idea of self-love has taken on a whole new meaning for me: there’s always something fantastic about us, and what we need to do is learn to appreciate it. 1．What affected the author’s adjustment to her school life in Norway？ A．Her appearance B．Social discrimination. C．Her changing emotions. D．The climate in Norway. 2．What did the author’s occasional stuttering bring about according on Paragraph 3? A．Her lack of self-confidence. B．Her loss of interest in school. C．Her unwillingness to greet her classmates. D．Her desire for chances to improve herself. 3．How did the author feel on noticing the similarity between her and the girl on the bus? A．Blessed and proud. B．Confused and afraid. C．Amazed and relieved. D．Shocked and ashamed. 4．What lesson did the author learn from the cases of Newton and Churchill? A．Great minds speak alike. B．Stuttering is no barrier to success. C．Wisdom counts more than hard work. D．Famous people can’t live with their weaknesses. 5．What can best summarize the message contained in the passage? A．Pride comes before a fall. B．Where there is a will, there is a way. C．Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself. D．Self-love is key to the attainment of self-pride. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是作者在非洲长大的经历，在成长的过程中作者意识到一个人要获得自尊就要首先学会接受自己本来的面目。 1．推理判断题。根据文中第二段“Compared to all the white girls around me, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I ,a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nose often had a thin sheet of sweat on it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “I’m so different!”(与我周围所有有着金色头发和精致嘴唇的白人女孩相比，我，一个黑人女孩，有着卷曲的头发和饱满的红唇。无论天气如何，我的鼻子上经常有一层薄薄的汗水。我只想把自己埋在壳里哭着“我太不一样了！”)”可知，作者的外表与其他的孩子不同，这使得作者不容易适应学校的生活。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering(口吃), which had weakened my self-confidence.(导致我自我厌恶的还有我偶尔的口吃，这削弱了我的自信心。)”可知，作者的口吃导致作者失去了自信。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。文中第四段提到“To my astonishment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was in November!(令我惊讶的是，她的鼻子上也有薄薄的汗水，而且是在十一月！)”可知，作者见到小女孩儿感到很惊讶，根据句子中““Wow,” I whispered to myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disorder after all. It’s perfectly normal.”(“哇，”我低声对自己说，“这毕竟不是遗传疾病。这很正常。”)”可知，作者此刻感到很放松。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I shouldn’t allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success.(我大大地松了一口气，然后一个想法突然出现在我脑海中——如果我聪明，我不应该让我的口吃阻碍我和我的成功。)”可知,作者意识到口吃不应该是自己成功的障碍。故选B项。 5．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Just to explain that he attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where my struggle began.(只是为了解释他获得自尊来自大量的自爱，而要获得它，一个人必须首先学会接受自己的本来面目。这就是我挣扎开始的地方。)”可知，本文要讲述的是作者在经历中感悟到要想有自尊，首先要自爱。故选D项。 （2021·天津卷第二次）When people ask me how I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt to work with language. Having said that, I did not know for a long time what I was looking for. It was not until I followed this feeling to its source that I discovered I had a passion for writing. With some encouragement from my colleagues, I had one of my poems published. This bit of success, however, was the point where my problem began. Back in 1978, I had to travel between three different campuses in the morning, teaching freshman composition. Afternoons I spent taking my daughter to her ballet and horse-riding lessons. I composed my lectures on the way, and that was all the thinking time I had. When I returned home, there was not enough of me left for writing after a full working day. As a way out, I decided to get up two hours before my usual time. My alarm was set for 5:00 A．M. The first day I shut it off because I had placed it within arm's reach. The second day I set two clocks, one on my night table, and one out in the hallway. I had to jump out of bed and run to silence it before my family was awoken. This was when my morning writing began. Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing. I wrote my poems in this manner for nearly ten years before my first book was published. When I decided to write a novel, I divided my two hours: the first for poetry, the second for fiction. Well or badly, I wrote at least two pages a day. This is how my novel, The Line of the Sun. was finished. If I had waited to have the time, I would still be waiting to write my novel. What I got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that I am in control. For many people, the initial sense of urgency to create easily dies away because it requires making the tough decision: taking the time to create, stealing it from yourself if ifs the only way. 1．What motivated the author to start her writing career? A．Her strong wish to share. B．Her keen interest in writing. C．Her urgent need to make a living. D．Her passionate desire for fame. 2．What problem did the author face when she decided to begin her writing? A．She was too exhausted to write after a busy day. B．She had trouble in deciding on her writing style. C．She had to take time to discipline her daughter. D．She was unsure about her writing skills. 3．Why did the author place an alarm clock in the hallway? A．In case the clock in her room broke down. B．In case she failed to hear the ringing. C．To force herself out of bed. D．To wake up her family. 4．How did the author manage to finish her novel? A．By sticking to writing every morning. B．By writing when her mind was most active. C．By drawing inspirations from classic novels. D．By reducing her teaching hours at school. 5．What can we learn from the author's success in her writing career? A．It is never too late to change your job. B．Imaginative ideas die away if not taken in time. C．A tight schedule is no excuse for lack of action. D．Daily life provides ideas for creative writing. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．C 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者喜爱写作并制定计划一直坚持下来。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When people ask me how I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt to work with language.”当人们问我是如何开始写作的时候，我发现自己在描述一种对语言的迫切需求。可知，促使作者开始她的写作生涯的原因是她对写作的强烈兴趣。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When I returned home, there was not enough of me left for writing after a full working day.”当我回到家时，在工作了一整天后，我写东西的精力已经不够了。可知，当作者决定开始写作时，因为她忙碌了一天之后，她筋疲力尽，无法再写作了。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The first day I shut it off because I had placed it within arm's reach. The second day I set two clocks, one on my night table, and one out in the hallway.”第一天我把它关掉了，因为我把它放在触手可及的地方。第二天，我调了两个钟，一个放在床头柜上，一个放在走廊上。可知，作者在走廊里放了一个闹钟的原因是为了强迫自己起床。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing.”从1978年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个习惯，直到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，作者能够写小说的原因是坚持每天早上写作。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What I got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that I am in control.”我从摸黑起床工作中得到的是一种掌控一切的感觉。以及文章第四段“Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing.”从1978年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个习惯，直到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，紧凑的日程并不是不采取行动的借口。故选C项。 （2024·天津河西·二模）Standing at the finish line, 70-year-old Bob Long spent a while reflecting on the achievement he’d just made. Behind him was the wild, endless Mongolian grassland extending into the distance. This American had just become the oldest person to ever complete and win the Mongol Derby, the world’s longest horse race. Long, a rider all his life, entered the race after being inspired by All the Wild Horses, a movie based on the grueling event. Fearing that he wouldn’t be able to complete it, he set about preparing his mind and body for this “hardest, toughest, most demanding thing you can do on a horse”, an annual 1000-kilometer race that was recognized as the world’s longest horse race by The Guinness Book of Records in 2011. He confirmed his belief that preparation can surpass youth, as some of the other riders were less prepared. Although Long had been riding horses for many years, the hardship and uncertainty of the task pushed him to his limit and forced him to depend entirely on his own will. The race organizers had provided an extensive support network to keep an eye on the participants from afar. Despite that, the physical strain of riding such a long distance made simple things like squatting (蹲) down at the end of the day almost impossible. Along the vast race course there were unpredictable circumstances beyond Long’s control, however well prepared he’d been. Weather was one of them, which could switch from heavy rain to burning unexpectedly. Above all else, the biggest obstacle was the state of mind. Without a living soul in sight, Long was desperate for interaction, guidance, and comfort. This feeling of loneliness accounted for his hope that one of his fellow competitors would catch up. Regardless of the hardship, Long felt a sort of spiritual adventure while traveling through the wilderness. He was provided with some memorable moments while connecting with nature. He also grew to love the country and the communities along the route. Still holding the passion for riding, Long never dismisses the idea of competing in another Mongol Derby. 1．What distinguished Bob Long from other competitors in the Mongol Derby? A．He rode the whole race course alone. B．He completed the toughest part of the course. C．He was the oldest participant of the horse race. D．He was most likely to enter the competition again. 2．What does the underlined word “grueling” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Tough but rewarding. B．Difficult and exhausting. C．Comfortable and pleasant. D．Romantic but time-consuming. 3．What was the biggest challenge that Long faced during the race? A．The changeable weather. B．The mental state in the course. C．The difficulty in finding the right route. D．The physical strain of riding a long distance. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．An introduction to the Mongol Derby. B．A review of a film based on the longest horse race. C．The experience of the Mongol Derby’s oldest winner. D．The preparations before a long and difficult horse race. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Competing in the Mongol Derby B．All the Wild Horses C．The Guinness Book of Records D．Endless Mongolian grassland 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了蒙古德比（Mongol Derby）赛马比赛中，最年长的参赛者和获胜者鲍勃·朗（Bob Long）的经历。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This American had just become the oldest person to ever complete and win the Mongol Derby, the world’s longest horse race. (这位美国人刚刚成为有史以来完成并赢得世界上最长赛马比赛蒙古德比的年龄最大的人)”可知，鲍勃·朗区别于其他赛马选手的是他是最年长的参赛者。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Fearing that he wouldn’t be able to complete it, he set about preparing his mind and body for this “hardest, toughest, most demanding thing you can do on a horse”, an annual 1000-kilometer race that was recognized as the world’s longest horse race by The Guinness Book of Records in 2011. (由于担心自己无法完成比赛，他开始为这场“在马上能做的最困难、最艰难、要求最高的事情”做好身心准备，这是一场一年一度的1000公里的比赛，2011年被吉尼斯世界纪录认定为世界上最长的马赛)”可知，赛马比赛是一场最艰难、要求最高的比赛，推测划线单词grueling的意思是“艰难的、要求高的”，和选项B意思一致。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段“Above all else, the biggest obstacle was the state of mind. (最重要的是，最大的障碍是精神状态)”可知，对鲍勃·朗来说，最大的挑战是在比赛过程中的精神状态。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Standing at the finish line, 70-year-old Bob Long spent a while reflecting on the achievement he’d just made. Behind him was the wild, endless Mongolian grassland extending into the distance. This American had just become the oldest person to ever complete and win the Mongol Derby, the world’s longest horse race.(站在终点线上，70岁的鲍勃·朗花了一段时间反思自己刚刚取得的成就。在他身后，是一片辽阔、一望无际的蒙古草原。这位美国人刚刚成为有史以来完成并赢得世界上最长赛马比赛蒙古德比的年龄最大的人)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了最年长的赛马选手鲍勃·朗赢得比赛的经历。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Standing at the finish line, 70-year-old Bob Long spent a while reflecting on the achievement he’d just made. Behind him was the wild, endless Mongolian grassland extending into the distance. This American had just become the oldest person to ever complete and win the Mongol Derby, the world’s longest horse race.(站在终点线上，70岁的鲍勃·朗花了一段时间反思自己刚刚取得的成就。在他身后，是一片辽阔、一望无际的蒙古草原。这位美国人刚刚成为有史以来完成并赢得世界上最长赛马比赛蒙古德比的年龄最大的人)”可知，本文主要讲述最年长的赛马选手鲍勃·朗参加世界上最长赛马比赛蒙古德比，赢得比赛的经历，所以“在蒙古德比比赛”适合作为文章标题。故选A。 （2024·天津河北·二模）In my senior year of high school, while living with my grandparents, I discovered a unique talent: perfect timing. This discovery of my perfect timing was so astonishing that I kept it to myself, thinking no one would believe my ability to time my arrival at school with extraordinary precision. My mother passed away when I was 13, leaving me, the oldest of four, in the care of our grandparents. Our father was absent, so financial challenges were part of our daily life. This prompted my grandfather to work as the janitor (门卫) of our school—a large building for grades 1-12. To help out, I started assisting him after school to ease his burden, such as sweeping rooms and emptying wastebaskets, earning a small wage in the process. I continued this work until my final year of high school. By that time, Grandpa was eight years past retirement age. When the first cold snap of that year arrived, he fired up the school’s furnace (火炉). He quickly realized how difficult it had become for him to shovel the huge pile of coal chips required to fill the hopper (漏斗) of the furnace’s stoker (司炉). I volunteered to take on that job, a commitment that required me to set my alarm clock an hour earlier each morning. I’d fumble into coal-darkened jeans, go over to the school, and shovel a half-ton of coal into the hopper, enough to keep the fire blazing for 24 hours. The next morning, I’d fill it again. After finishing that chore, I’d go home, clean up, change clothes, and eat breakfast. I’d pace my preparations by glancing at the clock in the dining room—it would be years before I’d have a watch. Then I’d head back to school, always at the last minute. It was during those morning rushes to school that I discovered my superpower. What initially seemed like mere coincidence—arriving at the exact moment the first bell rang—quickly became a deliberate challenge. I meticulously (小心翼翼地) planned each morning to maintain this precise timing, revealing in the master y of my routine. Years later, at a school reunion, I recounted this story to Harold Spiry, the school headmaster during my time. I boasted about my perfect timing, recalling with pride how I had mastered my mornings to the second. ‘Oh that,’ he said, his eyes narrowing as he thought back to that time. ‘Do you recall that my desk and office windows looked out over the front of the building? I often saw you coming. And when you hit the sidewalk, I’d ring the bell.’ Oh, my ‘perfect timing’ was actually his doing. 1．What can we infer about the author’s character from his perfect timing? A．He lacks confidence. B．He is naturally lucky. C．He prefers to work alone. D．He values precision and discipline. 2．Why did the author’s grandfather work as a janitor? A．He was passionate about cleaning. B．He found it was the only job available. C．He needed the job to support the family financially. D．He wanted to stay close to his grandchildren at school. 3．What motivated the author to take over the task of shoveling coal for the furnace? A．He wanted to learn a new skill. B．He needed extra money for personal expenses. C．He wanted to relieve his grandfather’s workload. D．He was interested in the mechanical operation of the furnace. 4．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．The author’s devotion to aiding his grandfather with coal shoveling. B．The author’s daily routine of waking up early to attend school. C．The author’s development of a new skill in coal shoveling. D．The author’s realization of the importance of punctuality. 5．What message does the author’s story convey? A．Our accomplishments are often supported by unseen kindness. B．Challenges can only be overcome through personal hardships. C．Personal talents bring pride and joy to an individual’s life. D．Perseverance leads to the development of unique skills. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位高中毕业生回顾自己所谓的“完美的时间把控”，实际上是校长在背后默默帮助他的故事。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“In my senior year of high school, while living with my grandparents, I discovered a unique talent: perfect timing. This discovery of my perfect timing was so astonishing that I kept it to myself, thinking no one would believe my ability to time my arrival at school with extraordinary precision.(在我高中的最后一年，当我和祖父母住在一起时，我发现了一种独特的才能：完美的时间把控。这个发现让我非常惊讶，我一直没有告诉别人，以为没有人会相信我能如此精确地把握到校的时间。)”可知，作者自认为自己有完美的时间把控能力，在上学时间上做到了总是精准到校，这表明他重视精确性和纪律。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“My mother passed away when I was 13, leaving me, the oldest of four, in the care of our grandparents. Our father was absent, so financial challenges were part of our daily life. This prompted my grandfather to work as the janitor of our school(我13岁时，母亲去世了，留下我这个四个孩子中最大的一个，由祖父母照顾。我们的父亲不在家，所以经济上的挑战是我们日常生活的一部分。这促使我的祖父在我们学校当门卫。) ”可知，经济挑战是他们日常生活的一部分，这促使作者的祖父去做看门人赚钱来养家糊口。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段的“By that time, Grandpa was eight years past retirement age. When the first cold snap of that year arrived, he fired up the school’s furnace. He quickly realized how difficult it had become for him to shovel the huge pile of coal chips required to fill the hopper of the furnace’s stoker.(那时，祖父已经过了退休年龄8年了。那年的第一股寒流来临时，他点燃了学校的火炉。他很快就意识到，要铲掉堆积如山的煤屑，以填满熔炉的司炉料斗，对他来说是多么困难。)”可知，作者自告奋勇去铲煤是因为祖父铲煤很困难，他想为祖父减轻工作量。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段的“I volunteered to take on that job, a commitment that required me to set my alarm clock an hour earlier each morning. I’d fumble into coal-darkened jeans, go over to the school, and shovel a half-ton of coal into the hopper, enough to keep the fire blazing for 24 hours. The next morning, I’d fill it again.(我自愿接受了这份工作，这项承诺要求我每天早上把闹钟调早一小时。我笨手笨脚地穿上深黑色的牛仔裤，去学校，把半吨煤铲进料斗，足够让炉火燃烧24小时。第二天早上，我再把它装满。)”可知，本段描述了作者早起铲煤来帮助他的祖父，展示了他的奉献精神。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Years later, at a school reunion, I recounted this story to Harold Spiry, the school headmaster during my time. I boasted about my perfect timing, recalling with pride how I had mastered my mornings to the second. ‘Oh that,’ he said, his eyes narrowing as he thought back to that time. ‘Do you recall that my desk and office windows looked out over the front of the building? I often saw you coming. And when you hit the sidewalk, I’d ring the bell.’ Oh, my ‘perfect timing’ was actually his doing.(多年以后，在一次同学聚会上，我把这个故事讲给Harold Spiry听，他是我上学时的校长。我夸耀自己的“完美的时间把控”，自豪地回忆起自己是如何掌握了每一个早晨的每一秒。“哦，那个，”他说，回想起那段时光，他的眼睛眯了起来。“你还记得我的办公桌和办公室的窗户都是对着大楼前面的吗？”我经常看见你来。当你走到人行道上时，我会按门铃。哦，我的“完美的时间把控”实际上是他促成的。)”可知， 故事的结尾揭示了作者的“完美的时间把控”实际上是由校长的善良促成的，说明我们的成就常常得到看不见的善意的支持。故选A。 （2024·天津南开·二模）The little country schoolhouse was heated by an old-fashioned, pot-bellied coal stove (煤炉) . A little boy had the job of coming to school early each day to start the fire and warm the room before his teacher and his classmates arrived. One morning they arrived to find the schoolhouse engulfed in flames (被火焰吞没) . They dragged the unconscious little boy out of the flaming building more dead than alive. He had major burns over the lower half of his body and was taken to a nearby county hospital. His mother was told that he was sure to die. Even if he were to survive, he would be a cripple (瘸子) throughout his life. But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be a cripple. Much to be the amazement of the doctor, he did survive. But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just dangled (悬荡) there, lifeless. Ultimately he was released from the hospital. But his determination to walk was as strong as ever. At home, when he was not in bed, he was limited to a wheelchair. One day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He reached the fence, raised himself up and then stake by stake, he began dragging himself along the fence, and decided that he would walk. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided. With his iron persistence and his resolute determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk slowly, then to walk by himself and then to run. He began to walk to school, then run to school, to run for the sheer joy of running. Later in college he made the track team. In February 1934, in New York City's famed Madison Square Garden, this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run-this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile. 1．Why did the little boy go to school early every day? A．To decorate the classroom. B．To clean the classroom. C．To light the stove. D．To give teachers and classmates a surprise. 2．What can be concluded from Paragraph 2? A．The little boy was badly burned. B．The little boy lost the lower part of his body. C．The little boy was crippled. D．The little boy's mother was sure he was going to die. 3．What problem did the little boy face when he left hospital? A．He didn't have long to live. B．He might never walk again. C．He had no motor ability. D．He lost his legs. 4．How did the little boy walk again? A．By throwing himself from the wheelchair. B．By climbing on the fence. C．By pulling himself along the fence each day. D．By joining the track team. 5．Dr. Glenn Cunningham's 1934 race result was A．depressing. B．challenging C．promising D．impressive 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个小男孩在一次学校火灾中严重受伤，医生认为他活下来的可能性很小，即使活下来也会成为瘸子。然而，小男孩凭借坚强的意志力，不仅活了下来，还通过不懈的努力，最终能够行走，甚至在大学时加入了田径队，并在1934年在纽约麦迪逊广场花园创造了世界最快的一英里跑纪录。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A little boy had the job of coming to school early each day to start the fire and warm the room before his teacher and his classmates arrived. (一个小男孩每天都要早来学校，在老师和同学们到来之前生火取暖。)”可知，小男孩每天早来学校是为了生火取暖。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They dragged the unconscious little boy out of the flaming building more dead than alive. He had major burns over the lower half of his body and was taken to a nearby county hospital. (他们把昏迷不醒的小男孩从着火的大楼里拖了出来，他已经半死不活了。他的下半身有严重烧伤，被送往附近的县医院。)”可知，小男孩被严重烧伤。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just dangled (悬荡) there, lifeless. (但不幸的是，从他的腰部以下，他没有运动能力。他的瘦腿只是在那里晃荡着，毫无生气。)”可知，小男孩出院后面临着再也不能走路的问题。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He reached the fence, raised himself up and then stake by stake, he began dragging himself along the fence, and decided that he would walk. (有一天，他从椅子上跳下来，拖着双腿穿过草地。他到达栅栏，站起身来，然后一根一根地，他开始沿着栅栏拖着自己，决定要走路。)”可知，小男孩是通过每天沿着栅栏拖着自己来重新走路的。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In February 1934, in New York City's famed Madison Square Garden, this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run-this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile. (1934年2月，在纽约市著名的麦迪逊广场花园，这个不被期望能活下来、肯定不会走路、也不可能希望跑步的年轻人——格伦·坎宁安博士，跑出了世界上最快的一英里。)”可知，格伦·坎宁安博士在1934年的比赛结果是令人印象深刻的。故选D。 （2024·天津河西·三模）A friend and I were having lunch and I asked about her son who was getting professional help for some behavioral problems he was having. Our conversation went like this: “There’s a good change in his attitude. He’s staying out of trouble, but I’m just waiting for the other shoe to drop.” she said. “It’s hard to trust him yet. He is doing things that he’s never done before, which is great. But I still need to supervise him just in case.” I asked a couple of questions: “Have you told him how proud you are of how far he’s come? Have you thanked him for the things he’s now doing but never did in the past?” She said no. And because she’s a very bright woman she followed it up with: “I really need to say those things because I am proud of him and I am grateful for what he’s doing now. All I keep doing is looking at what he’s still doing wrong and getting on him about that. How’s he ever going to feel good about himself and continue to improve if I don’t acknowledge him for all his improvements and growth?” “If I keep waiting for the other shoe to drop, it will!” I just smiled and told her I loved her and that she’s a great mom. The conversation moved on to a new topic. It’s worth taking a look at your close relationships, especially with your kids and asking yourself: Do I spend too much time letting them know what they’re doing wrong? Do I ignore their efforts toward positive change? Do I still find ways to be unsatisfied with their behavior? If you answer yes to any of those questions, you’re now the one who needs to do some changing. Never forget that people love to be acknowledged — not just for the big things but the little things, too. Appreciation and love are the driving force that keeps them wanting to do well and do something nice for others. 1．The author’s friend ______. A．was already satisfied with her son’s behavior B．was particular about her son’s attitude C．was still worried about her son’s behavior D．already fully believed in her son 2．The attitude the friend holds towards the author’s advice is ______. A．favorable B．negative C．unconcerned D．doubtful 3．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? A．If I keep waiting for kids to correct mistakes, they will. B．If I keep waiting for kids to change positively, they will. C．If I keep waiting for kids to wear the other shoe, they will. D．If I keep waiting for kids to make mistakes, they will. 4．The motivations for kids to keep behaving well are ______. A．direct rejection and scolding B．proper affection and admiration C．blind love and appreciation D．strict requirements and standards 5．The best title for the text is ______. A．A Dialogue Between Two Women B．Are You Proud of Your Child? C．Be Patient When You Are a Parent D．One Major Thing Most Parents Forget to Do 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位母亲在孩子行为改善过程中的心理变化，以及通过对话意识到表扬与认可对孩子成长的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“There’s a good change in his attitude. He’s staying out of trouble, but I’m just waiting for the other shoe to drop.(他的态度有了很好的转变，他不再惹麻烦，但我还是担心随时会有不好的事情发生)”可知，作者的朋友仍然担心她儿子的行为。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“And because she’s a very bright woman she followed it up with: “I really need to say those things because I am proud of him and I am grateful for what he’s doing now. (因为她是一个非常聪明的女性，她随即补充道：“我真的需要对他说这些话，因为我确实为他感到骄傲，也很感激他现在的改变和成长)”可知，这位朋友认同作者的建议，并意识到了自己需要改变的地方。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“All I keep doing is looking at what he’s still doing wrong and getting on him about that. How’s he ever going to feel good about himself and continue to improve if I don’t acknowledge him for all his improvements and growth?(我一直只关注他做得不对的地方，并为此责备他。如果我不承认并赞赏他的所有进步和成长，他又怎么能自我感觉良好并继续进步呢？)”可知，划线句子的意思是如果我一直预期不好的事情会发生，那么这种预期很可能会成为现实,其中“wait for the other shoe to drop”为习惯用语，意为“提心吊胆等待结果(一般是不好的结果)”，D选项“如果我一直等待孩子们犯错，他们就真的会犯错。”与划线部分语意一致。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Never forget that people love to be acknowledged — not just for the big things but the little things, too. Appreciation and love are the driving force that keeps them wanting to do well and do something nice for others.(永远不要忘记，人们喜欢被认可——不仅仅是因为大事，也包括小事。欣赏和爱是驱使他们想要做得更好并为别人做好事的动力)”可知，孩子们持续表现良好的动机是适当的爱和赞赏。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段中“Never forget that people love to be acknowledged — not just for the big things but the little things, too. Appreciation and love are the driving force that keeps them wanting to do well and do something nice for others.(永远不要忘记，人们喜欢被认可——不仅仅是因为大事，也包括小事。欣赏和爱是驱使他们想要做得更好并为别人做好事的动力)”可知，文章通过作者与朋友的对话，引出大多数父母容易忽略的一件事：对孩子表达认可和赞赏的重要性，D选项“大多数父母忘记做的一件大事”适合作为文章标题。故选D。 （2024·天津北辰·三模）To save the environment, we must all join in — and nobody knows this better than 70-year-old grandmother Pat Smith who spent 2018 cleaning up litter from 52 beaches in Cornwall on the United Kingdom’s south coast. Smith set out in January, 2018 to carry out her New Year’s resolution of making her community a better and cleaner place. The ambitious goal came to her after she watched a documentary on plastic pollution the previous year, and she knew she couldn’t just sit by. Often, volunteers would join her in her efforts, including her grandchildren, or she would join hands with other campaigners such as Wayne Dixon, who is walking around the UK coast as an ambassador for Keep Britain Tidy. During her beach cleans, Smith was sometimes mistaken for doing community service! She said, “People don’t understand I’ve been doing this voluntarily. We should all take responsibility for picking up the litter as well as ensuring we don’t drop litter in the first place. Even before her beach cleanups, Smith had begun her first environmental campaign to eliminate plastic straws (吸管) in her city of Cornwall . To date, she has encouraged 600 local companies to stop using unnecessary plastic. In an effort to make her hometown an example for the plastic-free movement in the United Kingdom, she founded The Final Straw Cornwall in the summer of 2017. “I founded the Final Straw to try and raise awareness of the disastrous damage we are doing to our oceans from our casual consumption of single-use plastics. I feel I have a responsibility to my children and grandchildren to do something about it.” She said. Her resolution year may be over but this environmentally conscious grandma continues her quest (追求). “A lot of the rubbish I’ve picked up consists of everyday items,” said Smith. “These things are used by all of us and it is shocking to find them polluting our beautiful beaches. Please let’s try to be more thoughtful in this coming year. I’m driven to try and protect our living planet for my children and grandchildren and I will continue to do everything in my power to achieve that.” 1．What led to Smith’s New Year’s resolution of cleaning her community? A．Community service. B．A film or television program. C．Various ocean protection campaigns. D．Serious pollution in her community. 2．What’s people’s misunderstanding about Smith’s action? A．She was forced to do that. B．She just pretended to be caring. C．She actually did only a little work. D．She wouldn’t stick to the work for long. 3．With her founding of The Final Straw Cornwall, Smith intended to ______. A．set an example to other aged people B．stop her local companies from producing plastic straws C．keep her promise to her children and grandchildren D．make people conscious of the plastic-related environmental problem 4．What opinion about environmental protection did Smith hold? A．It’s everyone’s duty. B．It’s as hard as people think. C．Prevention is more important than protection. D．The younger generation don’t care about it enough. 5．Which of the following best describes Smith as an environmental activist? A．Proud. B．Happy. C．Stressed. D．Determined. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了一位70岁的老奶奶为了拯救环境，坚持清理垃圾，并且将一直坚持下去的故事。 1．细节理解题。由第二段“Smith set out in January, 2018 to carry out her New Year’s resolution of making her community a better and cleaner place. The ambitious goal came to her after she watched a documentary on plastic pollution the previous year, and she knew she couldn’t just sit by. (史密斯于2018年1月开始执行她的新年决心，让她的社区变得更好、更干净。前一年，她看了一部关于塑料污染的纪录片后，她想到了这个雄心勃勃的目标，她知道自己不能坐视不管)”可知，一部电影或电视节目促使史密斯的新年决心是打扫她的社区。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。由第四段中“During her beach cleans, Smith was sometimes mistaken for doing community service! She said, “People don’t understand I’ve been doing this voluntarily. We should all take responsibility for picking up the litter as well as ensuring we don’t drop litter in the first place. (在清理海滩时，史密斯有时会被误认为是在做社区服务！她说：“人们不理解我是自愿这么做的。我们都应该负责捡垃圾，并确保我们一开始就不乱扔垃圾。”)”可知，人们认为史密斯是被迫要求去打扫社区。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。由第五段中“I founded the Final Straw to try and raise awareness of the disastrous damage we are doing to our oceans from our casual consumption of single-use plastics. (我创办了Final Straw，试图提高人们对我们随意消费一次性塑料对海洋造成的灾难性破坏的认识)”可知，史密斯创办了康沃尔郡的“Final Straw”，她打算让人们意识到与塑料相关的环境问题。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。由第一段“To save the environment, we must all join in — and nobody knows this better than 70-year-old grandmother Pat Smith who spent 2018 cleaning up litter from 52 beaches in Cornwall on the United Kingdom’s south coast. (为了拯救环境，我们都必须加入进来——没有人比70岁的祖母帕特·史密斯更了解这一点，她2018年都在清理英国南海岸康沃尔郡52个海滩上的垃圾)”可知，史密斯认为为了拯救环境，我们都必须加入进来，说明她认为保护环境是每个人的责任。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。由最后一段中“Her resolution year may be over but this environmentally conscious grandma continues her quest (追求). (她的决心之年可能已经结束，但这位环保意识强的奶奶仍在继续她的追求)”和“I’m driven to try and protect our living planet for my children and grandchildren and I will continue to do everything in my power to achieve that. (我努力为我的子孙后代保护我们的生命星球，我将继续尽我所能实现这一目标)”可知，史密斯2018年的环保决心之旅也许要结束了，但她此后依然要去保护环境，说明她是个很有决心的人。故选D项。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$