Unit 2 Section A（2d & Grammar Focus（精讲课件）-【精品课】 2024-2025学年八年级英语下册同步精品课件（人教版）

I’ll help to clean the city parks. Section A 2d&语法讲练 Unit 2 With the aging of the population, there are more and more old people in China. We’re all going to be old one day. We should care for the old. Have you ever worked in an old people’s home? Let’s talk What can we do in an old people’s home? cut their hair read the newspaper give out watermelons talk to them put on a performance What can we do in an old people’s home? Let’s talk Helen is also a warm-hearted girl. She wants to be a volunteer, too. Let’s listen Where does Helen want to volunteer? When did Tom work there? Helen wants to wolunteer in an old people's home. Tom worked there last summer. Let’s guess: What did Tom do there? told stories about the past and how things used to be listened to them talked to them read the newspaper She is making some plans to work in an old people’s home. Let’s read 2d lonely Hello, Miss Lin, I am Nancy. I hear that you set up a volunteer organization. Yes, many students join us to be volunteers. Do you want to know the volunteer job they plan to do? Yes! As a volunteer, she would like to wants to plans to hopes to volunteers to Let’s say Let’s say As a volunteer, he would like to wants to plans to hopes to volunteers to Let’s write Do you want to help the old people? Our group needs volunteers to work in the old people’s home. If you want to join us, write a letter to us. Your plans for the old people; The reason why you wan to help the old; Your feeling about helping the old people. Your letter should involve: I’m... I’m making some plans to work in... They wrote letters to tell us their plans for their volunteer work. But it rained and some of the letters are wet. Can you help me dry it up? Of course! Let’s help I hope to call up at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year. Our class is trying to come up with some ideas to cheer up sick children because they are often sad. We decided to put up signs around the school and hand out notices to tell students about the book sale. We will give out the money from the sale to homeless people. put up hand out call up cheer up come up with give out put off want to put off hope to call up is trying to come up with decided to put up Do you find any rules? Please underline the infinitive structures. I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job. She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school. I’d like to do ask sb. to do volunteer…to do learn to do decide to do help sb. to do make…to do let sb. do help sb. do Grammar Focus “to+动词原形”， 有时to可省略。 动词不定式（infinitive） 定义 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。 构成 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，常写作to do(有时to可以省略)。 动词不定式（infinitive） 用法 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 做主语 用法 To travel around the world is his dream. To learn English is important and useful. 动词不定式（infinitive） 一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。 做主语 用法 To travel around the world is his dream. 动词不定式（infinitive） =It is his dream to travel around the world. To learn English is important and useful. =It important and useful to learn English. 为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，而将不定式放在后面作真正的主语。 做宾语 用法 We decide to plant trees this weekend. 动词不定式（infinitive） I want to be a volunteer. 做宾语 用法 动词不定式（infinitive） 三个希望(hope, wish, want) 两答应(agree, promise) 两个要求(demand, ask)莫拒绝(refuse) 设法(manage)学会(learn)做决定(decide) 不要假装(pretend)在选择(choose) 不定式作 宾语的动词 做宾语补足语 用法 动词不定式（infinitive） Our teacher asked us to clean the classroom after school. Mary invited her friends to come to her birthday party. 动词不定式用来补充说明宾语的情况。 做宾语补足语 用法 动词不定式（infinitive） 常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语) tell, ask, want, teach, wish, promise, expect, invite, help, order, would like 做宾语补足语 用法 动词不定式（infinitive） 感官动词(hear, see, watch, feel, notice, listen to, look at等)后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 I saw them enter the room. 做宾语补足语 用法 动词不定式（infinitive） I saw them enter the room. When I passed the classroom, I saw them singing. see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做某事”，表示看见了事情的全过程或者多次看见。宾语补足语的动作已完成，动词用省略to的不定式。 see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事”，表示宾语补足语的动作正在进行，动词用动名词形式。 其他感官动词也是这样的用法哦！ 做宾语补足语 用法 动词不定式（infinitive） 使役动词(make, let, have)后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 My parents make me do some housework. 做宾语补足语 用法 动词不定式（infinitive） help后面的动词不定式可加to，也可不加to。 Could you help me (to) carry the box? 做宾语补足语 用法 动词不定式（infinitive） 一感(feel)二听(listen to, hear) 三让(let, make, have) 四看(look at, see, watch, notice) 半帮助(help) (即在动词 help 后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无) 后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 做表语 用法 My dream is to be an astronaut. 动词不定式（infinitive） Her job is to look after sick children. 动词不定式做表语常用于以下结构： My/Her/His job/dream/goal/aim is… 做定语 用法 I have much homework to do. 动词不定式（infinitive） He wants to have something to eat. 用法 I have a pen to write with. 动词不定式（infinitive） She doesn’t have a house to live in. 不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系，若是不及物动词, 介词不能省略。 做定语 做状语 用法 To keep healthy, he runs in the park every day. 动词不定式（infinitive） We should work together to save the Earth. 目的状语:动词不定式可表示某一动作或状态的目的，位于句首或句尾。 做状语 用法 I’m happy to see you again. 动词不定式（infinitive） I am sorry to trouble you. 原因状语:在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。 做状语 用法 He is old enough to go to school by himself. 动词不定式（infinitive） He is too shy to ask anyone for help. 结果状语可用于too...to...结构中。 疑问词+不定式 用法 He doesn’t know where to go. 动词不定式（infinitive） Could you tell me how to learn English? 与特殊疑问词连用：放在what, which, where, when, which, who, how等词之后。 用法 疑问词 +不定式 做主语 做定语 做宾语 补足语 做状语 做表语 做宾语 总结 (summary) 动词不定式（infinitive） 1. Qiqi hopes ________ medicine in Sichuan University. A. studies  B. studying  C. to study (2024四川达州) 2. ________ healthy, we students always do morning exercises every day at school. A. Keep B. To keep C. Keeping D. Keeps (2024四川泸州) C B 3. —Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ________ for grandparents? —You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them. A. how to buy B. what to buy C. where to buy D. when to buy (2024四川遂宁) 4. Our headmaster will invite a scientist ________ us a speech on space technology. A. give   B. given         C. giving  D. to give (2024云南) B D 5. China has made great efforts ________ other countries build high-speed railways. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped (2024江苏扬州) 6. People may use different body language _________ the same feelings. A. show B. to show C. showed D. shows (2024 天津) B B 1. —What are you going to do this summer vacation? —I plan ________ Hua Hua, a nearly 3-year-old lovely panda in Chengdu. A. see B. saw C. seeing D. to see (2023四川泸州中考) 2. Today is Father’s Day, and I plan _______ a dinner for my father. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. prepare (2023云南中考) D A 3. Science is my favourite subject, so I have prepared _______ the STEAM Club. A. join B. joining C. to join D. to joining (2023江苏扬州) 4. It's reported that China plans ________ astronauts to the moon before 2030. A. send B. sending C. to send (2023福建中考) C C 5. —Safety is very important to all of us. —I agree. We students should learn ________ ourselves in the daily life. A. where to hold B. what to visit C. how to protect D. why to help (2023湖北孝感中考) 6. —Are you going to read the book Journey to the West? —Yes, our teacher expect us _________ such traditional Chinese books. A. read B. reading C. to read (2023湖南郴州中考) C C 根据短文内容，用括号里所给动词的正确形式填空，使短文意思完整、正确。 Cai Yongbin, a blind man, became a top computer programmer in China after learning to code (编码) by ear. Cai became blind at 6. In 2002, he went to a special school in Shenzhen. He decided (1)_________(become) a computer programmer when he was still at school. “I wanted (2)_______(read) news, listen to music and watch videos on the Internet, so I asked my classmates and teachers (3)_______(teach) me. to become  to read  to teach However, when I went online, I found it almost impossible for me to use the Internet. This made me (4)_______(feel) sad, so I made up my mind to learn to code and develop software (开发软件) to help the disabled like me,” said Cai. In the beginning, it was really difficult, but Cai didn’t give up and kept (5)_______(learn). He spent a lot of time (6)_______(study), at least 12 hours a day, seven days a week. After years of hard work, he was successful in developing his first software in 2009. This made it easy for the blind (7)_______(use) the Internet. In 2018, Cai started his own business (生意). He and his team have developed their own programs (8)_______(let) tens of thousands of blind people shop online. feel learning  studying to use to let help move do make visit spend Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. some people today are only worried about getting good jobs __________ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what __________ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do __________ others. to do to help to make 不定式作目的状语 复合不定式作宾语 不定式作目的状语 There are many people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way _________ our free time. For example, we can make plans __________ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year __________ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there. help move do make visit spend to visit to move to spend 不定式作定语 不定式作目的状语 不定式作目的状语 v. 募集；征集 不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语，通常放在所修饰词之后。 e.g. Tom is always the first student to get to school. The next train to arrive is from Shanghai. Would you please give me some paper to write on? 4c Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives. I’d like to volunteer __________________________________. 2. At 12:00 midnight, I called my friend _____________________________________. 3. I’m very busy but I could help _____________________________________. 4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want ______________________________________. 5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me (not) ______________________________________. to give out food to the homeless people to paint the house for a few hours tomorrow to give out food to the homeless people to look after my little sister not to do that because I’m too young and it is not safe 类型 动词+副词 give away 捐赠 hand out 分发 put up 举起；张贴 put off 推迟 副词有： up, out, down, off, away, in... 动词短语（phrasal verb） 类型 动词+副词 名词作宾语时，可放在动词与副词之间或副词之后；代词作宾语时只能放在动词和副词之间。 Can you help me pick up the pen? He gave them away to poor children. Can you help me pick the pen up? 类型 动词+介词 wait for 等待 laugh at 嘲 look after 照顾 agree with 同意 介词后须有宾语，宾语位于介词后。介词有：for, after, about, of, with, at... 类型 动词+介词 wait for 等待 laugh at 嘲 look after 照顾 agree with 同意 Do you agree with me? She is waiting for the bus. 类型 动词+副词 +介词 come up with 想出 look forward to 盼望 get on with 和睦相处 相当于及物动词，宾语总是位于介词之后 类型 动词+副词 +介词 come up with 想出 look forward to 盼望 get on with 和睦相处 She came up with a good idea. I am looking forward to your reply. 类型 动词+名词 have a cold 感冒 make a difference 影响；有作用 take a walk 散步 They take a walk in the park. She had a cold last week. 类型 动词+名词 +介词 take part in 参加 pay attention to 注意 make friends with 交朋友 We can make friends with nice people. I want to take part in the football match. 类型 be动词+ 形容词+介词 be interested in 对……感兴趣 be similar to 类似的 be different from 与……不同 He is interested in fishing. They are different from each other. 类型 总结 (summary) 动词+副词 动词+介词 动词+副词+介词 动词+名词 动词+名词+介词 be动词+形容词+介词 动词短语（phrasal verb） 6. Our school has _____ a sign at the gate saying “Greet our child with a smile, not a mobile” .（黑龙江-齐齐哈尔） A. put up B. put off C. put on D. broke out 练习 23. ---I don’t think teachers should give too much homework to _____ the free time of students．（贵州-安顺） ---Exactly! A. give up B. take up C. look up D. put up   8. Those young firemen were brave enough to __________ the fire in the forest. （江苏-淮安） A. work out B. put out C. hand out D. look out 练习 33．Don’t today’s work for tomorrow. Today’s work must be done today.（甘肃-天水） A. put up B. put out C. put off D. give up 31. — Jimmy, the books are everywhere in your study.（湖北-咸宁） — Sorry, Mom. I’ll ____at once. A. put them on B. put them away C. put them out D. put them up 练习 27. ---Tony, it’s cold outside. ______ your coat when you go out. （湖南-湘西） ---All right, Mom. A. Put up B. Put off C. Put on 32. Luckily, some firemen arrived in time and __________ the fire. （广西-梧州） A. put out B. put up C. put in D. put through 练习 29. They’ll succeed in working out the problem because they never ______. （山东-滨州） wake up B. give up C. look up D. make up 10. Every time Tom is late, he’ll _______ an excuse. So I wonder what his excuse is this time. （江苏-徐州） A. take up B. put up C. set up D. make up 练习 11. A forest fire _____________ at the end of March in Liangshan, Sichuan Province. Firemen rushed into the mountains but 27 of them never came back. （江苏-泰州） turned out B. carried out C. put out D. broke out 24. ---It’s cold outside, Jimmy! You should _______your sweater. （四川-南充） ---Thanks, mom. A. take off B. take in C. put on D. put up 练习 12.Tina comes to China in order to experience Chinese culture and _____which university is the best for her to attend. （江苏-南京） A. put out B. stay out C. find out D. run out  14. ---Students’ life shouldn’t just be about grades. Free time activities like sports and _______ with friends are important too．（广西-玉林） ---I think so. A. hanging out B. giving out C. handing out D. taking out 练习 25. ---The oil on the earth will one day．（广西-贵港） ---I think so. We should make good use of it． A. find out B. work out C. give out D. run out 10.My cousin volunteers in the Children’s Home. His job is to ______food and clothes.（辽宁-铁岭） A. sell out B. work out C. hand out D. find out 练习 31. All the members decided to ________the money from the book sale to homeless people.(湖北-孝感) A. give up B. give away C. take up D. take away 38. —About 20 million people in the world have no enough safe drinking water. —So we should how to deal with the problems of water.(湖北-宜昌) A. put on B. look after C. think about D. get on with 练习 Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box. put up hand out call up cheer up come up with give out put off 1. I want to ______ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year. put off 2. She hopes to ______ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs. call up 4a 3. Our class is trying to ____________ some ideas to _______ sick children because they are often sad. 4. We decided to ______ signs around the school and ________ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will _______ the money from the sale to homeless people. come up with cheer up put up hand out give out put up hand out call up cheer up come up with give out put off put up, hand out, call up, cheer up, come up with, give out, put off Make sentences with the phrases below. Review the new words and expressions. 38817.926 6192.0 6624.0 1152.0 8208.0 1440.0 $$