Unit 1 Language points（精讲课件）-【精品课】 2024-2025学年八年级英语下册同步精品课件（人教版）

人教版 八年级下册 Section A 1a-1c Unit 1 What’s the matter? 单元知识点讲练 1. What’s the matter? 怎么啦？ What’s the matter (with sb.)?=What’s wrong (with sb.)? 某人怎么了？用来询问疾病、事故伤害等。 答语： sb.+have / get / catch a(n)+疾病名称，表示患某种疾病。 如：I have / get / catch a cold. sb.+be / feel +某些形容词，表示某人感到不适。如： I am/feel sick. 身体部位+be / feel+某些形容词，表示某部位感到不适。如：My head is / feels hot. 身体部位+hurt，表示某部位痛。如： My stomach hurts. sb.+get+某些动词的过去分词形式，表示受伤。如： He got sunburned (晒伤的) yesterday. sb.+hurt / cut+具体部位/反身代词，表示伤害。如： He hurt his arm in the accident. I cut myself when cooking. 其它用来询问疾病、不适或突发情况时： What’s the trouble (with ...)? What happened (to ...)? Is there anything wrong (with ...)? 【语境应用】完成各题。 1) —______________________________________________? —My brother has a cough. (写出问句) 2) —What happened to him? —He ___________ (切着自己) when cutting the tomatoes. (根据汉语提示补全答语) What’s the matter / What’s wrong with your brother cut himself 2. I have a cold. 我感冒了。 have a(n) + 疾病名称：表示患病。 常用词组还有: have a bad cold 重感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a headache 头痛 have a stomachache 肚子痛, 胃痛 have a toothache 牙痛 3. lie down and rest 躺下休息一下 lie (lay) v. 躺；平躺 lie down 躺下 e.g. Don’t lie in the sun for too long. 【温馨提示】 lie的现在分词是lying rest n. & v. 放松；休息 have a rest = take a rest = rest 休息 e.g. If you’re tired, we’ll stop and rest for a while. Have a good rest and you will feel better. 【语境应用】英汉互译。 1) 他们正躺在地上。 They are lying on the floor. 2) 你为什么不躺下呢？ Why don’t you lie down? 3) Work is over. Let’s have a rest. 4) Don’t talk to me. I want to rest. 工作结束了，让我们休息一下吧。 不要和我说话，我想休息。 4. You need to take breaks away from the computer. 你需要离开电脑休息一下。 break n. 间歇；休息 v. 打破；打碎 take breaks (take a break) 休息 have a break (课间)休息一下 break the rule   违反规则 break the record 打破纪录 break off   突然中止；中断 break down   停止运转；出故障 【语境应用】用break的相关短语完成句子。 1) 我们已经工作了十个小时，没休息。 We have worked for ten hours without ______________. 2) There was a car accident yesterday because somebody __________________ (违反了交通规则). 3) My TV set ______________ (出故障) last night, so I didn’t watch the game. 4) He ______________ (打破纪录) for the world 100 meters last month. a break broke the traffic rules broke down broke the record away from 离开……；与……有一定的距离 (与不同动词搭配，意思会受上下文影响) e.g. In spring or autumn, my parents usually take their annual (每年的) vacation away from home. 我父母通常在春季或秋季离家去外地休他们的年假。 【语境应用】翻译句子。 1) I’ll be away from school for a week. _______________________________ 2) They live away from us. _______________________________ 我将离校一周。 他们不和我们住在一起。 5. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. 如果明天你的头和脖子仍然疼的话，那就去看看大夫吧。 hurt vi. 感到疼痛，身体部位的疼痛。要用疼痛的具体部位作主语。 hurt vt. (使)疼痛；受伤；伤害。肉体上的伤害，和精神情感上的伤害。 hurt oneself 伤着了某人自己 hurt adj. 受伤的，可作定语和表语 e.g. Fortunately, no one was seriously hurt. 【语境应用】写出hurt词性并翻译。 A. 及物动词                   B. 不及物动词 C. 形容词，作定语       D. 形容词，作表语 1) He looked at me with a hurt look. (    ) ___________________ 2) Exercising in a wrong way can hurt our body. (    ) ___________________ 3) Luckily, you were not hurt in the accident. (    ) ___________________ 4) He decided to finish the 100-meter race although his feet hurt. (    ) ___________________ C 一个伤心的眼神 A 伤害我们的身体 D 没有受伤 B 他的脚疼 At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 昨天上午九点钟，26路公交车正行驶在中华路上，这时司机看到一位老人正躺在路边。 when“就在这时” 引导时间状语从句。它所引导的从句放在过去进行时构成的主句之后，表示主句的某个动作正在进行的同时，从句的另一个动作发生了。常用结构：was/were doing + when… see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事或正处于某种状态 e.g. When I pass the window I see him drawing a picture. 当我经过窗户时，我看到他正在画画。 When they went in, they saw some children playing happily in the garden. 当他们进去的时候，看到一些孩子在花园里快乐地玩耍。 see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事，多强调看到这个动作常发生 或看到动作全过程 e.g. I often see him draw pictures. 我经常看到他画画。 She often sees her son go across / cross the street. 她经常看着儿子穿过马路。 1) 我看见他时他正在河边玩。 I saw him _______ by the river. 2) 我看见过他在河边玩。 I saw him _______ by the river. playing play 【语境应用】完成句子。 3) 我看着他走过了桥。 I see him _______ across the bridge. 4) 我们看见他独自站在那里，不知做什么好。 We saw him _________ there alone, not knowing what to do. walk standing 2. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking twice. 24岁的公交车司机王平没有多想便停下了车。 He only thought about saving a life. 他只是想着挽救生命。 【观察】你能看出without thinking和about saving a life 的共同点吗? 共同点：介词 + doing 通常情况下，介词+名词/宾格代词/动词-ing e.g. give a book to me look after my mother 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) I am fine. What about _______ (she)? 2) Thanks for _______ (tell) me the story. 3) It is a sunny day. How about _______ (go) fishing? 4) It is good to relax by ______ (use) the Internet or ________ (watch) game shows. her telling going using watching think twice （在决定做某事之前）再三考虑，慎重考虑 e.g. We must think twice before we make this decision! 在我们做这个决定之前，必须认真思考！ Think twice about it. Maybe you’ll change your mind. 好好想想，也许你会改变主意的。 3. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. 但令他惊讶的是，大家都同意与他一道去医院。 to one’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是，出乎某人的意料 e.g. To their surprise, all the students pass the exam. 令他们惊讶的是，所有的学生都通过了考试。        Much to everyone’s surprise, the plan succeeded. 出乎所有人意料的是，这个计划成功了。 in surprise 吃惊地 e.g. Rose looked at me in surprise. Rose惊讶地看着我。 【语境应用】根据汉语意思，完成句子。 1) 当我走进教室时，所有同学都惊奇地看着我。 2) 让我们感到惊讶的是，Lucy是我们经理的女儿。 When I entered the classroom, all the students ___________ ______________. __________________, Lucy is our manager’s daughter. me in surprise looked at To our surprise 4. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time. 多亏了王先生和乘客们，医生及时挽救了老人的生命。 thanks to someone/something 多亏，因为，由于 e.g. Today, thanks to the Internet, you can do all your shopping from home. 今天，多亏了互联网，你可以在家里购物了。 Thanks to you, Lisa and I got to know each other. 因为你，Lisa和我认识了。 thanks for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事感谢；感谢……的帮助 e.g. Thanks for helping me / your help. 谢谢你的帮助。 【语境应用】完成句子。 ____________________ (多亏了你妈妈), I got the book. Otherwise it might have been sold out. __________________________ (十分感谢) for your help. It was all a great success — ___________________________ (由于尽心竭力). Thanks to your mother Many thanks/ Thanks a lot thanks to a lot of hard work trouble n. 问题；麻烦 (不可数)；麻烦的事情 (可数) 5. It’s sad that some people don’t want to help others because they don’t want any trouble. 因为不想惹麻烦，一些人不愿意帮助他人，这是令人寒心的。 e.g. Sorry, I didn't mean to cause any trouble. 对不起，我不是故意惹麻烦的。 The only trouble is we won't be here then. 唯一的麻烦是到那时我们就不在这儿了。 have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有困难 e.g. Do you have much trouble in finding the house? 你在找房子时遇到很多麻烦吗？ be in trouble  有烦事、有困难 e.g. He never came except when he was in trouble. 除非遇到麻烦，否则他从不来。 get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境 e.g. If you go, you might get me into trouble. 如果你去，你可能会给我带来麻烦。 【语境应用】完成句子。  1) 他认为每天锻炼是一件麻烦事。 He thinks that exercising every day is ________________. 2) 你知道你现在为什么处于困境吗？    Do you know why you ____________________ now?       3) 我妹妹在学习英语方面有困难。  My sister ____________________ English. a trouble are in trouble has trouble in studying 6. Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Zhoughua Road. 26路公交车在中华路段撞了一位老人。 hit (hit) v. （用手或器具）击，打；撞击；碰撞 hit sb.+介词+the+身体部位: 打某人某部位 e.g. hit sb. in the face/eye ... hit sb. on the head/back ... hit sb./sth. with sth. 用某物击/打某人/某物 e.g. hit him with a baseball hit n. 很受欢迎的人或事物；击；打 make a hit 获得成功；轰动一时 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) 去年他的歌轰动一时。 His songs _______ _______ _______ last year． 2) 我打了Mary的脸，她哭了。 I ______ Mary ______ _______ ______ and she cried.  3) 球撞上了桥，然后掉进了河里。 The ball _______ _______ _______ and then fell into the river. 4) 刚才她用雨伞打他的头。 Just now she _______ _______ _______ _______ ______ with her umbrella. made a hit hit in the face hit the bridge hit him on the head 7. The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital right away. 老人有心脏病，需要立即送医院。 right away 立刻；马上 =in a minute/right now/ at once e.g. I’ll be there right away. 【语境应用】完成句子。 你必须马上出发。 You must start ______________________________________. right now/at once right away/in a minute/ 反身代词表示动作行为反射到行为执行者本身。它还可以在句中起到强调的作用，用以加强语气。反身代词在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 e.g. Maria bought herself a scarf. Maria给自己买了一条围巾。 We must look after ourselves very well. 我们必须好好照顾自己。 反身代词的用法： 2. 用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 e.g. She isn’t quite herself today. 她今天身体不太舒服。 Just be yourself. 做你自己就好了。 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。 e.g. She herself will fly to London tomorrow. 明天她自己将要坐飞机去伦敦。 I met the writer himself last week. 我上周见到了那位作家本人。 4. 某些固定短语当中。 照顾自己 look after oneself / take care of oneself 自学 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 enjoy oneself 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）help oneself to sth. 1. 反身代词不能单独作主语，但可以作主语的同位语，起强调作用。 如：我自己能完成作业。 I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 【温馨提示】 2. 反身代词不能表示“某人的东西”，没有所有格的形式。 某人自己的（东西）：one’s own 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。 I’m drawing with my own crayons. 有关疾病、伤害及救治的表达法 表示患病 have/get a(n)+疾病名称 (have更常见) e.g. have a cold have a fever have a cough get a stomachache get a toothache 某些搭配中也使用catch，如catch a cold等。 表示不适 get+动词-ed be/feel+形容词 be/feel tired be/feel sick be/feel dizzy(晕头转向的) My head feels hot. get hurt get cut in the hand get hit by a ball 表示伤害 hurt/cut+反身代词 hurt/cut/break+身体具体部位 hurt my leg cut her finger break his arm hurt myself cut himself 表达诊治：take/get…(take更常见) take one’s temperature take some medicine take an injection (注射) take/get an X-ray 表达就医：see…/go to… see the dentist/doctor go to a doctor go to (the) hospital Someone felt sick. 有人觉得不舒服。 sick adj. 生病的；有病的 sick & ill 相同 生病的，都可作表语。 e.g. Alice was ill / sick yesterday. 不同 表“生病”时，sick可作定语，但ill不作定语。 e.g. Could you help the sick girl? 【语境应用】根据句意用ill或sick填空。 1) The driver sent the ________ baby to the hospital. 2) My brother is ________. I have to look after him at home. sick  ill/sick 1. have problems breathing 呼吸困难 breath n. 吸气量，一口气 take a deep breath 做深呼吸 hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 e.g. The doctor asked May to take a deep breath. 医生让May深呼吸。 Let’s hold our breath and see what will happen. 让我们屏住呼吸，看看会发生什么。 breathe v. 呼吸 e.g. Relax and breathe deeply. 放松，深呼吸。 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) 鸟儿在自由地呼吸。 The birds _____________ freely. 2) 生活在这里的人们每天呼吸着脏空气。 People living here ____________ dirty air every day. 3) 当你紧张的时候，你可以做一下深呼吸。 When you are nervous, you _____________________. are breathing breathe can take a deep breath 2. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. 作为一位登山者，Aron已习惯了冒险。 be used to 习惯于……，to是介词，后接名词或v.-ing。 e.g. He is used to falling asleep (入睡) with such noises around him. 他已经习惯在这样的嘈杂声中入睡了。 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事，过去曾经做某事, 只用 于过去时态。 e.g. I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends. 我过去花许多时间与朋友们一起玩游戏。 n. 风险 冒险 risk take a risk/risks 冒险 take the risk of 冒着……的风险 at the risk of 冒着……的危险 risk one’s life 冒着生命危险 risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 v. 冒险 e.g. There is no much risk of your catching cold if you keep warm. 如果你保暖，你感冒的风险就不大。 They got there at the risk of their lives. 他们冒着生命危险到达那里。 They may even risk losing their homes. 他们甚至可能面临失去家园的风险。 【语境应用】将下列英语句子翻译成汉语。 1) Their children are at high risk of getting the disease. 2) Don’t take the risk of walking home alone at night. 3) Smoking can increase (增加) the risk of heart disease. 4) Jack risked his life to save me in the accident. 他们的孩子患此病的风险很高。 不要冒险晚上独自走回家。 吸烟会增加患心脏病的风险。 Jack冒着生命危险在事故中救我。 3. Because he could not free his arm, he stayed there for five days and hope that someone would find him. 因为无法使自己的胳膊挣脱开来，他在那里待了五天,(一直)希望有人能发现他。 此句中动词free相当于release, 在本句中可被译为“挣脱（ 束缚）” 。 e.g. He stepped into a hole when he wasn’t paying attention to where he was going, and he could not free his foot. 他一不留神踩进了一个洞里，脚拔不出来了。 4. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 但是，当他的水喝光之后，他明白必须要做些什么来拯救自己了。 run out 用尽；耗尽 run out & run out of 词条 意思 用法 run out 被用光，被耗尽 不及物动词短语，主语常为时间、食物、金钱等无生命的名词。 run out of 用完；耗完 及物动词短语，后加宾语，主语一般是表示人的名词或代词。 【语境应用】用run out或run out of的适当形式填空。 1) We __________ all the salt because of that big dinner. 2) My salt __________ yesterday. Can you lend (借给) me some? ran out of ran out e.g. Last week, my money ran out. 上周，我的钱用完了。 He has run out of food; his children are hungry.  他家揭不开锅了，孩子们都等着吃饭。 5. So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm. 于是他用刀子切断了自己半条右臂。 cut off 切除；停掉；中断 e.g. He decided to cut off his beard. 他决定把胡子剪掉。 The earthquake cut off our water supply. 地震切断了我们的供水。 cut up 切碎   cut down 砍倒 【语境应用】用所给短语完成句子。 1) You mustn’t _________ the trees here. 2) My mother will _________ some meat to make dumplings for us. 3) He was so careless that he _________ his finger at work. cut down cut up cut off cut off, cut up, cut down 6. After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place. 在失去胳膊后，他写了一本名为《生死两难》的书。 between a rock and a hard place: 在艰难或危险的处境下从两难中进行选择，左右为难；进退两难 e.g. If I take the bus to the cinema, I’ll be late for the film, but if I drive, I’ll have no place to park, I’m really caught between a rock and a hard place. 如果我坐公共汽车去电影院，我会迟到，但如果我开车，我就没有地方停车，我真的进退两难。 7. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. 书名的意思是一个人身陷似乎无法解脱的困境之中。 v. 意思是；打算；意欲 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算/意欲去做某事 mean e.g. I didn’t mean to upset you. 我并不是要让你不高兴。 My new job will mean travelling all over the world. 我的新工作需要在世界各地到处跑。 常见的mean的句型有： What does / do sth. mean? = What’s the meaning of sth.?  某物是什么意思？ What do you mean by ...? 在这个句型中，by后跟名词、代词或v.-ing形式。 1) 当by后跟名词或代词时，“……是什么意思？” 2) 当by后跟v.-ing形式时，“你做某事有什么目的？/ 你为 什么做某事？” 【语境应用】汉译英。 1) 这个单词是什么意思？ 2) 我没有打算伤害你。 3) 你为什么这个时候给我打电话？ What does this word mean? / What’s the meaning of this word? I didn’t mean to hurt you. What do you mean by calling me at this time? 8. Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of one’s life. Aron讲述了正确抉择以及自我掌控命运的重要性。 decision n. 决定；抉择 make a decision / come to a decision/ arrive at a decision 做决定 e.g. She has had to make some very difficult decisions. 她不得不做出一些非常艰难的决定。 decide v. 决定 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 【语境应用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子。 1) 她常常需要做一些很难的决定。 She usually has to ________ some very ________________. 2) 我们花了好几个月时间才做出这个决定。 It took us months to _______________________________ __________________________. make the decision / arrive at the decision / come to the decision make difficult decisions control n.& v. 限制；约束；管理 in control of ... 控制…… ；管理…… lose control of ... 失去对……的控制 e.g. It proved that the machine is not easy to control. 事实证明这台机器不容易控制。 My dad is in control of this bookshop. 我爸爸掌管着这家书店。 She lost control of her car on the ice. 她在冰上失去了对汽车的控制。 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) 没人知道谁在管理这个俱乐部。 Nobody knows who is _______ _______ _______ the club. 2) Peter如此难过以至于失去了控制。 Peter was so sad that he _______ _______ _______ himself. 3) 对他来说，同时操作两台电脑是一项艰巨的任务。 It's a hard task for him to _______ _______ __________ at the same time. in control of  lost control of  control two computers 9. Let’s think about it before we find ourselves “between a rock and a hard place”, and before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death. 在发现自己处于生死两难的境地及面对生死抉择之前，让我们先思考一下吧！ e.g. I always feel very sad when thinking of my grandpa’s death. 一想到爷爷的去世，我总是感到很难过。 After Dad’s death, Tom lived alone. 父亲去世后，汤姆一个人生活。 death n. 死；死亡 (不可数名词) die v. 消失；灭亡；死亡 现在分词 dying 过去式 died die The old man is dying. The girl’s grandpa died five years ago. dead adj. 死的 e.g. There is a dead mouse behind the door. 【语境应用】用die, death, dying, dead填空。 1) Her uncle is seriously ill, and he may _______ soon. 2) All the villagers were very sad when they heard of the policeman’s _______. 3) I think the sick man is _______. 4) What caused his ________last night? 5) Four days later he heard that Tony was ________. die death dying death dead $$