专题01 Unit 2 知识清单(含必备知识结构图&即时训练&单元词汇记忆表)-2024-2025学年高一英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020必修第三册)

Unit 2 Natural disasters (译林版2020必修第三册) Ⅰ必备知识结构图 Ⅱ. 必备单词默写清单 1.__________ n.灾难，灾害;彻底失败 2. 　　 n.碰撞声,破裂声;碰撞;崩溃vi.&vt.碰撞,撞击;崩溃 3. n.信号,暗号;标志;信号灯vi.&vt.发信号,示意;标志 4.   adj.奇怪的,怪异的;偶尔的;不成对的 5.   n.会议,研讨会;讨论,商谈 6. vt.供应,供给,提供n.补给,补给品;供应;供应量,储备 7.   n.洪水,水灾;大量 vi.&vt.淹没,泛滥;大量涌入;充满 8.   adv.否则,不然,除此以外 9. n. & vt. 救援,营救,抢救 10. ___________ adv.在(或向)较远处,在另一边prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出…之外 答案：1. disaster 2. crash 3. signal 4. odd 5. conference 6. supply 7.flood 8. otherwise 9.rescue 10. beyond 根据汉语提示或者首字母提示完成句子(单词拼写) 1．This is one of the worst natural d (灾害) ever to hit the area. 【答案】disasters/isasters 【详解】考查名词。句意：这是该地区遭受的最严重的自然灾害之一。形容词natural后接名词形式。根据中英文提示及句意，名词“灾害”英文为disaster。one of + the + 形容词最高级 +复数名词。故填disasters。 2．When I was at a loss, the idea of travelling abroad o to me. 【答案】occurred/ccurred 【详解】考查动词。句意：当我不知所措时，出国旅行的想法突然出现在我的脑海中。根据首字母提示o可知，本空用动词occur“出现”，occur to sb意为“被某人想到；出现在某人头脑中”，在主句中作谓语，根据从句谓语was可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式occurred。故填occurred。 3．She s to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. 【答案】signalled/ignalled/signaled/ignaled 【详解】考查动词。句意：她示意学生们用手捂着头有序地离开教室。空处作谓语，结合“to her students to exit the classroom”和首字母提示可推知，动词signal“示意”符合题意，短语signal to sb. to do表示“示意某人做某事”，且此处应该是描述过去发生的事，时态应用一般过去时。故填signalled/signaled。 4．There are four emergency (应急的) (出口) in the department store. 【答案】exits 【详解】考查名词。句意：百货公司有四个应急的出口。根据汉语提示“出口”可知，应填名词exit，作主语，根据空前“four”可知，应用复数形式。故填exits。 5．It is assumed that a comet c into the earth long ago, thus causing the disappearance of dinosaurs. 【答案】crashed/rashed 【详解】考查动词。句意：据推测，很久以前一颗彗星撞击了地球，从而导致了恐龙的灭绝。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用动词crash，根据后文long ago可知为一般过去时。故填crashed。 6．In his later years, Kant (康德) lived an o life, so much so that neighbors were said to set their clocks by his daily walks. 【答案】orderly/rderly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：晚年，康德过着井然有序的生活，据说邻居们都根据他每天走的路来调时钟。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为形容词orderly“有序的”作定语修饰life，满足句意要求。故填orderly。 7．Cusco is a popular (目的地) for tourists. 【答案】destination 【详解】考查名词。句意：库斯科是一个受游客欢迎的目的地。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词destination“目的地”作表语，满足句意要求。故填destination。 8．The party turned out to be a success far b their expectations. 【答案】beyond/eyond 【详解】考查介词。句意：结果这场派对的成功程度远远超出了他们的预期。根据“their expectations”和首字母提示可推知，空处应用介词beyond，意为“超出（范围）”，短语beyond one’s expectations意思是“超出某人的预期”。故填beyond。 9．Small companies can’t compete in the face of cheap (进口制品). 【答案】imports 【详解】考查名词。句意：面对廉价的进口产品，小公司无法竞争。“进口制品”应用名词import，作in the face of的宾语，且空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词import应用复数形式。故填imports。 10．Laughing and giggling, the children had great fun (滑行) round the newly polished floor. 【答案】sliding 【详解】考查动名词。句意：孩子们咯咯笑着，在新擦亮的地板上滑来滑去，玩得很开心。根据汉语意思可知，此处为动词slide“滑行”，满足句意要求，结合此处为固定短语have fun doing sth“玩得开心”，所以为动名词形式。故填sliding。 Ⅲ 核心单词拓展拔高 1. v. 伤害→ adj.受伤的→ n. 伤害  2. vi.作出反应,回应→ n.反应;抗拒 3. vt.证实,确认;使确信,批准→ n.证实,确认,批准 4. v.发生,出现,存在于→ n.发生;发生的事情  5. n.宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;救济→ vt.减轻或解除(痛苦、困苦或忧虑等)→_________ adj.感到宽慰的,放心的 6. v.破坏→ adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的,破坏(或毁灭)性的→ n.破坏 7. vt.了解,熟悉;通知→ n.信息→ adj.有学问的;有见识的 8. vt.使震惊 n. 震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动→ adj.令人震惊的→ adj. 感到震惊的 9. v.惊吓,害怕n.恐慌;惊吓→ adj.害怕的→ adj.恐怖的,吓人的 10. n.电力;权力;政权→ adj.强大的,强有力的→ adj. 无力的 11. v. 捐赠,赠送;献(血)→ n. 捐赠,赠送  12. adj. 好奇的,奇特的→ n. 好奇→ adv. 好奇地 13. v.爆发;突然发生→ n.爆发;喷发 14. n.港口;港口城市→ v.出口,输出 n.出口产品→ v.进口;引进 n. 进口产品;输入的产品  15. adj.遥远的,久远的→ n.遥远,久远;距离;疏远;差异 16. adj.灵敏的,锋利的→ adv.急剧地,锋利地→ v.使锋利 17 vt.找出……的准确位置→ n.位置 18. v.退休→ n.退休 答案：1．injure, injured, injury 2. react, reaction 3. confirm, confirmation 4. occur, occurrence 5.relief, relieve, relieved 6.destroy, destructive, destruction 7. inform, information, inform 8. shock, shocking, shocked 9. scare, scared, scary 10. power, powerful, powerless 11. donate, donation 12.curious, curiosity, curiously 13. erupt, eruption 14.port, export, import 15. distant, distance 16. sharp, sharply, sharpen 17. locate, location 18. retire, retirement 用所给词的适当形式完成句子(词汇派生) 1．Scientists are urging less use of chemicals to reduce theirs (destroy) effects on the environment. 【答案】destructive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：科学家们正敦促减少使用化学药品以降低其对环境的破坏性影响。空处修饰名词effects，需用形容词形式，destroy的形容词为destructive，意为“破坏性的”。故填destructive。 2．Newspapers and audio equipment have been provided to keep local employees (inform) of the current affairs in Zambia. 【答案】informed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：已经提供了报纸和音响设备，以便当地员工了解赞比亚的时事动态。本句谓语为have been provided，空处为非谓语动词，且employees与inform“告知”为被动关系，应用过去分词informed，作宾补。故填informed。 3．When the plane takes off, you had better open your mouth to (relief) the pressure on your eardrums. 【答案】relieve 【详解】考查动词。句意：飞机起飞时，你最好张开嘴以缓解耳膜上的压力。空处和to构成不定式，作目的状语，应用relief的动词形式relieve，意为“缓解”，relieve应用原形。故填relieve。 4．I’m anxiously waiting for the (confirm) of the blood test results in the hall of the hospital. 【答案】confirmation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我在医院的大厅里焦急地等待验血结果的确认。空处作for的宾语，空前有冠词the，confirm的名词形式confirmation符合题意，意为“确认，证实”。故填confirmation。 5．Jack’s (react) to the news that he gained the opportunity to study in Harvard University was excitement. 【答案】reaction 【详解】考查名词。句意：杰克得知他有机会在哈佛大学学习时，他的反应是兴奋的。Jack’s 后接名词形式，在句中作主语。react的名词形式为reaction，为“反应；回应”之意，为不可数名词。故填reaction。 6．The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano (erupt). 【答案】erupted 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：火山爆发后，住在我们隔壁的那对夫妇自愿去帮忙。空处是从句谓语动词，根据上文volunteered可知，此处是描述已经发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填erupted。 7．They watched the bus disappear into the (distant). 【答案】distance 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们看着公共汽车消失在远处。空处应填名词distance“远处”在句中作介词into的宾语。故填distance。 8．The old farmer’s white hair contrasts (sharp) with his dark skin. 【答案】sharply 【详解】考查副词。句意：老农民的白发与他的黑皮肤形成鲜明对比。分析句子可知，设空处修饰动词contrasts，应用副词形式。所给词sharp的副词形式是sharply，意为“鲜明地”。故填sharply。 9．The teacher encourages students to keep their (curious) alive, as it helps them learn new knowledge. 【答案】curiosity 【详解】考查名词。句意：老师鼓励学生保持好奇心，因为这有助于他们学习新知识。根据空前的形容词性物主代词their可知，空处应用名词作宾语，curious为形容词，其名词为curiosity，意为“好奇心”。故填curiosity。 10．Last Saturday, I went fishing with my fellows, only to have my left foot (injure). 【答案】injured 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：上周六，我和同伴们去钓鱼，结果左脚受伤了。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作宾补，injure与宾语my left foot之间为被动关系，所以此处应使用过去分词形式。故填injured。 Ⅳ. 重点短语默写清单 1. 　　 整个,全部   2. 　　 点名  3.   安然无恙的  4. 被想到,浮现在脑中  5. (在困境中)保持冷静  6. 用完,耗尽  7. 呈现……的形状,采取……的形式  8. 突然开始,爆发  9. 到处,各处  10. 抓紧,不放松  答案：1. at large 2. roll call 3.safe and sound 4.occur to 5. keep one’s head 6. run out of 7.take the form of 8. break out 9. far and wide 10. hold on to 用方框内所给短语完成句子。 at large    roll call   occur to safe and sound    hold on to   keep one’s head far and wide break out take the form of run out of 1.They searched for the missing boy. 2．His wife always stays up until he gets home . 3．Luckily, the driver or there might have been a serious accident. 4．Even on a cold winter morning, we still had to rush to the school playground and stand in the snow for . 5．The outbreak of the disease had a huge effect on the world . 6．When a f ire , don’t forget to call 119 for help and tell the police the detailed address. 7．He said he would the truth with his blood and life. 8. This can reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality. 9. A great idea me that I could go downtown to buy some souvenirs before I left San Francisco. 10. As he his patience, he couldn’t contain his anger any more. 【答案】1. far and wide 2．safe and sound 3．kept his head/kept her head 4．roll call 5．at large 6. breaks out 7．hold on to 8. take the form of 9. occurred to 10. ran out of 【解析】 1．考查固定短语。句意：他们到处寻找那个失踪的男孩。设空处使用副词短语作状语，修饰动词searched。此处表示“到处”用far and wide。故填far and wide。 2．考查固定短语。句意：他的妻子总是熬夜，直到他安全到家。根据“always stays up until he gets home”以及句意“安然无恙的”可知，应填形容词短语safe and sound，作状语，用来补充说明he回到家时的状态。故填safe and sound。 3．考查固定短语。句意：幸运的是，司机保持冷静，否则可能会发生严重事故。空处为主句的谓语动词，根据从句谓语动词“might have been”可知句子，从句表示对过去事情的虚拟，故主句需用一般过去时，表发生在过去的动作。根据下文“or there might have been a serious accident”以及句意“保持冷静”可知，空处需填动词短语keep one’s head，形容词性物主代词要在人称上和主语the driver保持一致，故需用his/her。故填kept his/her head。 4．考查固定短语。句意：即使在一个寒冷的冬日早晨，我们仍然不得不赶到学校操场，站在雪地里点名。根据空前介词for可知，空处需填名词短语，作宾语。根据“rush to the school playground and stand in the snow for”以及句意“点名”可知，应填固定短语roll call。故填roll call。 5．考查固定短语。句意：这种疾病的爆发对整个世界产生了巨大的影响。根据“had a huge effect on the world”以及句意“整个；总体上”可知，应填介词短语at large，强调疾病的爆发对整个世界产生了巨大的影响，从整体范围的角度来描述影响所涉及的对象。故填at large。 6. 考查动词时态。句意：当火灾爆发时，别忘了拨打119求助，并告诉警察详细的地址。设空处使用动词作谓语，此处使用一般现在时表示将来。选项中breaks out意为“爆发”，符合句意，句子主语为a fire是第三人称单数，故谓语动词使用第三人称单数。故填breaks out。 7．考查固定短语。句意：他说他会用鲜血和生命坚持真理。根据空前情态动词would可知，空处需填动词短语原形，与would一起作宾语从句的谓语动词。根据“the truth with his blood and life”以及句意“坚持（信仰、信念、原则等）”可知，空处需填动词短语hold on to。故填hold on to。 8. 考查动词短语。句意：这可以以高质量的阅读和听力材料的形式呈现。空处构成谓语，结合“reading and listening materials”可推知，动词短语take the form of“表现为……的形式”符合题意，表示“以阅读和听力材料的形式呈现”，且情态动词can后take应用原形。故填take the form of。 9. 考查动词短语。句意：我突然想到一个好主意，我可以在离开旧金山之前去市中心买些纪念品。根据前文“A great idea”可知，应是occur to意为“被……想到”符合语境，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时。故填occurred to。 10．考查固定搭配和时态。句意：当他耗尽耐心时，他再也忍不住了。根据“he couldn’t contain his anger any more”可知，他耗尽了耐心。run out of意为“用完，耗尽”。根据couldn’t可知，这里指过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故答案为ran out of。 Ⅴ.课文重点句型应用 1.be doing sth.when... 正在做某事就在这时…… Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, .弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗正在上课,这时地板开始摇晃起来。  2.in case 引导目的状语从句 At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, and could not open.  同时布朗女士迅速打开了教室的门,以防门在摇晃中损坏而无法打开。 3.It occurred to sb. that... 某人突然想到…… __________________________________ these were signs of an approaching tsunami.  她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的前兆。 4.might have done 本来可以做某事 Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions !火山岩忽明忽暗,讲述着几度喷发的往事,这本可以警告这座城市里的人们,即将到来的是什么!  5..feel 的宾语补足语 At that moment, they _____________beneath their feet.那一刻,他们感到脚下的大地在晃动。 6.as if 引导省略状语从句, Its walls were fresh . 它的墙壁焕然一新,仿佛昨天粉刷过一样。 7.The moment 引导时间状语从句 ______________________, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.晃动一停止,布朗女士意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。  答案：1. was teaching when the floor began to shake 2. in case it became damaged during the shaking 3.It immediately occurred to her that 4.that might have warned the city what was to come 5.felt the earth shaking 6. as if painted yesterday 7. The moment the shaking stopped 完成句子 1．多年以后，他在乡下过着平静的生活，似乎灾难从未发生过。(as if引导的虚拟语气) 【答案】Many years later, he led/had a calm life in the countryside as if the disaster had never happened. 【详解】考查时态、介词短语和虚拟语气。“多年以后”作时间状语，用many years later表示，主语“他”用人称代词he，谓语“过着”用动词lead或者have，根据时间状语可知，句子描述的是过去的事情，所以时态用一般过去时，即led/had，宾语“平静的生活”用a calm life表示，地点状语“在乡下”译为介词短语in the countryside；“似乎灾难从未发生过”是方式状语，可处理为as if引导状语从句，因为灾难实际上已经发生过，但这里要表达的是“好像从未发生过”，所以是对过去情况的虚拟，从句中用过去完成时had never happened。综上，全句译为：Many years later, he led/had a calm life in the countryside as if the disaster had never happened. 2．据报道，为了阻止这样的灾难再次发生，当地正在采取有效的措施。 (进行时被动语态) 【答案】It is reported that effective measures are being taken by the local authorities (in order/so as) to prevent such disasters from happening again. 【详解】考查动词语态、固定句型、非谓语动词。表示“据报道”用固定句型it is reported that....，其中it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。主语从句中：表示“有效的措施”用effective measures，作主语；表示“采取措施”用take mesures，且本句描述正在发生的事情，时态用现在进行时，主语effective measures与take为被动关系，句子用现在进行时的被动语态；用by引出发出动作者；表示“地方当局”用the local authorities，作by的宾语；表示“为了”用in order to后so as to，或直接用不定式表目的；表示“阻止……做……”用prevent... from....，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形；表示“这样的灾难”用such disasters，作prevent的宾语；表示“发生”用happen，用动名词，作宾语；表示“再次”用again。故翻译为It is reported that effective measures are being taken by the local authorities (in order/so as) to prevent such disasters from happening again. 3．最好的运动员之一受伤了，且队长因为心脏问题必须离开。(过去完成时) 【答案】One of the best players had been injured, and the team captain had to leave because of heart problem. 【详解】考查时态和短语。表示“其中一位最优秀的运动员”应用one of the best players，作主语；表示“受伤”用be injured，表示过去的过去，为过去完成时；and连接并列句；主语“队长”为the team captain；表示“必须”为have to；表示“离队”用动词leave；表示“因心脏问题”为because of heart problem，作状语。and之后的句子在陈述过去的动作，为一般过去时。故翻译为One of the best players had been injured, and the team captain had to leave because of heart problem. 4．即使是30分钟的跑步也将缓解你可能由于压力而遭受的疼痛或紧张。(汉译英) 【答案】Even a thirty-minute run will provide relief from aches or tension that/which you may be suffering due to stress. 【详解】考查动词时态和定语从句。表示“即使”用even；表示“30分钟的跑步”用a thirty-minute run；表示“提供”用provide，句子表述将来发生的动作，故使用一般将来时；表示“从疼痛或紧张中缓解”用relief from aches or tension 是介词短语作状语；表示“可能由于压力而遭受的疼痛或紧张”用aches or tension that you may be suffering due to stress，此处表示“可能”用情态动词may，表示“遭受”用suffer，此处表示动作正在发生，故使用现在进行时，此处置于情态动词may之后，故使用may be suffering，同时此处使用that或者which引导定语从句，引导词在从句中作suffer的宾语，修饰先行词aches or tension为物，表示“因为，由于”用due to，表示“压力”用stress作宾语，其为不可数名词。故翻译为Even a thirty-minute run will provide relief from aches or tension that/which you may be suffering due to stress. 5．一到公司，他就被告知由于台风来袭电力中断。 【答案】Upon/On arriving at the company, he was informed that because of the typhoon hitting, the power was cut off. 【详解】考查介词短语、被动语态和时态。“一到公司”作时间状语，可用介词短语upon/on arriving at the company表达；“他就被告知”是主句，表示被动关系，且是过去发生的动作，所以应使用一般过去时的被动语态he was informed；“由于台风来袭电力中断”是被告知的内容，可处理为宾语从句，用连词that引导，从句中“由于台风来袭”作原因状语，可用介词短语because of the typhoon hitting表达，从句主语“电力”用the power表示，谓语“中断”可理解为“被切断”，用被动语态be cut off，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态was cut off。综上，全句译为：Upon/On arriving at the company, he was informed that because of the typhoon hitting, the power was cut off. 6．我突然想起把钥匙落家里了。（it形式主语） . 【答案】It occurred to/came to/hit/struck me that I had left my keys at home. 【详解】考查主语从句和动词时态。表示“我突然想起来”应用It occurred to/came to/hit/struck me that...，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，陈述过去的事实，使用一般过去时；表示“落下”应用leave，此处表示“过去的过去”，使用过去完成时；表示“我的钥匙”应用my keys；表示“在家里”应用at home。故翻译成：It occurred to/came to/hit/struck me that I had left my keys at home.。 7．我和我三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。（be doing...when...） 【答案】I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。根据句意可知，本题考查固定句型sb. be doing…when...，意为“某人正在做某事，这时……”；表示“我”可用代词I，作主句的主语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“吃早饭”可用动词短语have breakfast，句子陈述过去某个时间正在进行的动作，时态需用过去进行时；表示“和我三个孩子”可用介词短语with my three children；表示“海水”可用名词water，作从句的主语；表示“开始灌入”可用动词短语start filling，句子陈述过去的事情，时态需用一般过去时；表示“屋内”可用名词短语my home；故翻译为：I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.。 8．踢足球前你最好先热身，以防你会受伤。(in case) 【答案】You’d better warm up before playing football in case you get hurt. 【详解】考查固定短语，动名词，状语从句，时态和主谓一致。“踢足球前”是before playing football，“你最好做某事”是You’d better do sth.，“热身”是warm up，“以防”是in case，引导条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来，“受伤”是get hurt，主语是you，get用原形，因此整句话翻译为“You’d better warm up before playing football in case you get hurt”。故答案为You’d better warm up before playing football in case you get hurt. 9．人们普遍认为，人与人之间最短的距离是真诚的微笑。（it形式主语；acknowledge） 【答案】It is acknowledged that the shortest distance between people is a sincere smile. 【详解】考查固定句型。句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“人们普遍认为”用it is acknowledged that…，此处it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句，主语“人与人之间最短的距离”用the shortest distance between people，其中形容词的最高级形式the shortest，作定语修饰名词distance；be动词使用is；表语“真诚的微笑”a sincere smile，构成主系表结构。故翻译为It is acknowledged that the shortest distance between people is a sincere smile. 10．我感到一只温暖的手放在我的肩膀上。（feel+宾语+宾语补足语） ___________________________________________________________________. 【答案】I felt a warm hand on my shoulder 【详解】考查时态和介词短语作宾补。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般过去时。表示“感到一只温暖的手放在我的肩膀上”应用短语felt a warm hand on my shoulder，其中a warm hand在本句中作宾语；on my shoulder为介词短语，在本句中作宾补。故填felt a warm hand on my shoulder。 Ⅵ.课文改编语法填空 1. Reading 　Several examples told us that a knowledge of natural disasters can save our lives. 　　Alice Brown was teaching 1. the floor began to shake. Her students’ 2. (react) was quick and correct. At 3. same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it 4. (damage) during the shaking. The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown signalled to her students 5. (exit) the classroom in an 6. (order) line. All of them were safe and sound.  　　Sabrina Andron helped many people escape danger 7. her knowledge of tsunamis. She noticed something odd while 8. (walk) along Goldshore Beach. It 9. (occur) to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. Her parents told this to a safety officer, who 10. (immediate) realized the coming danger. The beach was cleared of people just before the huge waves crashed into the coast. 答案： 1. when2. reaction 3. the 4. was damaged 5. to exit 6. orderly 7. with 8. walking 9. occurred 10. immediately 2. Extended reading As a typical Roman city, you can see 1. model of the whole Roman Empire in Pompeii. 2. (fortune), the cloud-capped top of Mount Vesuvius appeared. Its ashy 3. (rock) told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come! 　　The busy citizens 4. (look) upwards with unspeakable fear when a huge cloud shot from the peak of the volcano. Then came the fire! The cries of women broke 5. ; the men looked at each other, but 6. (be) silent. A moment later, the mountain-cloud seemed to roll towards them, dark and rapid, like a river; at the same time, it threw out a 7. (show) of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone! Each hurried 8. (blind) and fearfully on. So came the earthquake...and so ended life in Pompeii.   　　Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away 9. the city of Pompeii was dug. Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii, the remains of their beautiful city survive 10. (remind) us that human lives burn bright and short.  答案：1. a 2. Unfortunately 3. rocks 4. looked 5. out 6. were 7. shower 8. blindly 9. before 10. to remind 附:单元词汇记忆表 county n.郡,县 injure vt.伤害,使受伤;损害 disaster n.灾难，灾害;彻底失败 at large整个,全部 reaction n.反应,回应;抗拒;化学反应 crash n.碰撞声,破裂声;碰撞;崩溃vi.&vt.碰撞,撞击;崩溃 signal vi.&vt.发信号,示意;标志n.信号,暗号;标志;信号灯 exit vt.&vi.出去,离去,退场;退出n.出口,通道;离开 orderly adj.有秩序的,有条理的,整齐的 stair n.楼梯;梯级 roll n.名单;卷;一管;翻滚vi.&vt.翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起 roll call点名 confirm vt.证实,确认;使确信;批准 safe and sound安然无恙的 hug vt.拥抱,搂抱;抱紧 procedure n.程序，步骤，手续 *tsunami n.海啸 odd adj.奇怪的,怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 *bubble n.泡沫,泡,气泡 occur vi.发生,出现;存在于 occur to被想到,浮现在脑中 keep one’s head(在困境中)保持冷静 relief n.宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;救济 typhoon n.台风 destructive adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的,破坏(或毁灭)性的 pole n.柱,杆；极 inform vt.了解,熟悉;通知 hurricane n.飓风 conference n.会议,研讨会；讨论,商谈 shock n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动vt.使震惊 scare vt.&vi.惊吓，害怕n.恐慌；惊吓 power n.电,电力；权力；政权;控制力；能力；能量；力量 run out of用完,耗尽 supply n.补给,补给品;供应;供应量,储备vt.供应,供给,提供 donate vt.捐赠,赠送;献(血) charity n.慈善机构(或组织);慈善,施舍;仁爱,宽容 staff n.全体职工;管理人员vt.在…工作,任职于 slide n.幻灯片；降低；滑行;山崩vi.&vt.滑行;逐渐陷入 fund n.资金；基金 flood n.洪水，水灾；大量vi.&vt.淹没,泛滥;大量涌入;充满 downstairs adv.在楼下,往楼下n.楼下 document n.文件,公文;(计算机中的)文档 honey n.(爱称)亲爱的;蜂蜜 otherwise adv.否则，不然；除此以外 curious adj.好奇的;奇特的 *Roman adj.古罗马的;罗马的n.古罗马人;罗马人 erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生 unearth vt.使出土,挖掘,发掘;发现,找到 destination n.目的地,终点 bar n.酒吧;小馆子;吧台;条,块;栏杆;障碍vt.封;阻挡；阻止 import n.进口产品,输入的产品；输入vt.进口,引进 export n.出口产品,输出的产品;出口,输出vt.出口,输出 port n.港口,避风港;港口城市 cloud-capped adj.高耸入云的,耸入云霄的 *ashy adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的 *dawn n.黎明,破晓；开端,萌芽vi.开始;开始清楚 volcano n.火山 take the form of呈现…的形状；采取…的形式 trunk n.树干 unbearable adj.难耐的,无法忍受的 break out突然开始,爆发 beyond adv.在(或向)较远处,在另一边prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出…之外 distance n.遥远,久远；距离；差异；疏远 far and wide到处,各处 pattern n.图案,花样；模式；范例；模型 column n.柱,圆柱;柱状物;栏;专栏;队,列 rescue n.&vt.救援,营救,抢救 sharp adj.灵敏的;锋利的;急剧的;明显的;尖锐的;强烈的 (27) locate vt.找出…的准确位置；把…安置在(或建造于) retire vi.&vt.退休,退职 ( 14 / 14 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Natural disasters (译林版2020必修第三册) Ⅰ必备知识结构图 Ⅱ. 必备单词默写清单 1.__________ n.灾难，灾害;彻底失败 2. 　　 n.碰撞声,破裂声;碰撞;崩溃vi.&vt.碰撞,撞击;崩溃 3. n.信号,暗号;标志;信号灯vi.&vt.发信号,示意;标志 4.   adj.奇怪的,怪异的;偶尔的;不成对的 5.   n.会议,研讨会;讨论,商谈 6. vt.供应,供给,提供n.补给,补给品;供应;供应量,储备 7.   n.洪水,水灾;大量 vi.&vt.淹没,泛滥;大量涌入;充满 8.   adv.否则,不然,除此以外 9. n. & vt. 救援,营救,抢救 10. ___________ adv.在(或向)较远处,在另一边prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出…之外 根据汉语提示或者首字母提示完成句子(单词拼写) 1．This is one of the worst natural d (灾害) ever to hit the area. 2．When I was at a loss, the idea of travelling abroad o to me. 3．She s to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. 4．There are four emergency (应急的) (出口) in the department store. 5．It is assumed that a comet c into the earth long ago, thus causing the disappearance of dinosaurs. 6．In his later years, Kant (康德) lived an o life, so much so that neighbors were said to set their clocks by his daily walks. 7．Cusco is a popular (目的地) for tourists. 8．The party turned out to be a success far b their expectations. 9．Small companies can’t compete in the face of cheap (进口制品). 10．Laughing and giggling, the children had great fun (滑行) round the newly polished floor. Ⅲ 核心单词拓展拔高 1. v. 伤害→ adj.受伤的→ n. 伤害  2. vi.作出反应,回应→ n.反应;抗拒 3. vt.证实,确认;使确信,批准→ n.证实,确认,批准 4. v.发生,出现,存在于→ n.发生;发生的事情  5. n.宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;救济→ vt.减轻或解除(痛苦、困苦或忧虑等)→_________ adj.感到宽慰的,放心的 6. v.破坏→ adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的,破坏(或毁灭)性的→ n.破坏 7. vt.了解,熟悉;通知→ n.信息→ adj.有学问的;有见识的 8. vt.使震惊 n. 震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动→ adj.令人震惊的→ adj. 感到震惊的 9. v.惊吓,害怕n.恐慌;惊吓→ adj.害怕的→ adj.恐怖的,吓人的 10. n.电力;权力;政权→ adj.强大的,强有力的→ adj. 无力的 11. v. 捐赠,赠送;献(血)→ n. 捐赠,赠送  12. adj. 好奇的,奇特的→ n. 好奇→ adv. 好奇地 13. v.爆发;突然发生→ n.爆发;喷发 14. n.港口;港口城市→ v.出口,输出 n.出口产品→ v.进口;引进 n. 进口产品;输入的产品  15. adj.遥远的,久远的→ n.遥远,久远;距离;疏远;差异 16. adj.灵敏的,锋利的→ adv.急剧地,锋利地→ v.使锋利 17 vt.找出……的准确位置→ n.位置 18. v.退休→ n.退休 用所给词的适当形式完成句子(词汇派生) 1．Scientists are urging less use of chemicals to reduce theirs (destroy) effects on the environment. 2．Newspapers and audio equipment have been provided to keep local employees (inform) of the current affairs in Zambia. 3．When the plane takes off, you had better open your mouth to (relief) the pressure on your eardrums. 4．I’m anxiously waiting for the (confirm) of the blood test results in the hall of the hospital. 5．Jack’s (react) to the news that he gained the opportunity to study in Harvard University was excitement. 6．The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano (erupt). 7．They watched the bus disappear into the (distant). 8．The old farmer’s white hair contrasts (sharp) with his dark skin. 9．The teacher encourages students to keep their (curious) alive, as it helps them learn new knowledge. 10．Last Saturday, I went fishing with my fellows, only to have my left foot (injure). Ⅳ. 重点短语默写清单 1. 　　 整个,全部   2. 　　 点名  3.   安然无恙的  4. 被想到,浮现在脑中  5. (在困境中)保持冷静  6. 用完,耗尽  7. 呈现……的形状,采取……的形式  8. 突然开始,爆发  9. 到处,各处  10. 抓紧,不放松  用方框内所给短语完成句子。 at large    roll call   occur to safe and sound    hold on to   keep one’s head far and wide break out take the form of run out of 1.They searched for the missing boy. 2．His wife always stays up until he gets home . 3．Luckily, the driver or there might have been a serious accident. 4．Even on a cold winter morning, we still had to rush to the school playground and stand in the snow for . 5．The outbreak of the disease had a huge effect on the world . 6．When a f ire , don’t forget to call 119 for help and tell the police the detailed address. 7．He said he would the truth with his blood and life. 8. This can reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality. 9. A great idea me that I could go downtown to buy some souvenirs before I left San Francisco. 10. As he his patience, he couldn’t contain his anger any more. Ⅴ.课文重点句型应用 1.be doing sth.when... 正在做某事就在这时…… Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, .弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗正在上课,这时地板开始摇晃起来。  2.in case 引导目的状语从句 At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, and could not open.  同时布朗女士迅速打开了教室的门,以防门在摇晃中损坏而无法打开。 3.It occurred to sb. that... 某人突然想到…… __________________________________ these were signs of an approaching tsunami.  她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的前兆。 4.might have done 本来可以做某事 Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions !火山岩忽明忽暗,讲述着几度喷发的往事,这本可以警告这座城市里的人们,即将到来的是什么!  5..feel 的宾语补足语 At that moment, they _____________beneath their feet.那一刻,他们感到脚下的大地在晃动。 6.as if 引导省略状语从句, Its walls were fresh . 它的墙壁焕然一新,仿佛昨天粉刷过一样。 7.The moment 引导时间状语从句 ______________________, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.晃动一停止,布朗女士意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。  \ 完成句子 1．多年以后，他在乡下过着平静的生活，似乎灾难从未发生过。(as if引导的虚拟语气) _____________________________ 2．据报道，为了阻止这样的灾难再次发生，当地正在采取有效的措施。 (进行时被动语态) 3．最好的运动员之一受伤了，且队长因为心脏问题必须离开。(过去完成时) 4．即使是30分钟的跑步也将缓解你可能由于压力而遭受的疼痛或紧张。(汉译英) 5．一到公司，他就被告知由于台风来袭电力中断。 6．我突然想起把钥匙落家里了。（it形式主语） . 7．我和我三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。（be doing...when...） 8．踢足球前你最好先热身，以防你会受伤。(in case) 9．人们普遍认为，人与人之间最短的距离是真诚的微笑。（it形式主语；acknowledge） 10．我感到一只温暖的手放在我的肩膀上。（feel+宾语+宾语补足语） ___________________________________________________________________. Ⅵ.课文改编语法填空 1. Reading 　Several examples told us that a knowledge of natural disasters can save our lives. 　　Alice Brown was teaching 1. the floor began to shake. Her students’ 2. (react) was quick and correct. At 3. same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it 4. (damage) during the shaking. The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown signalled to her students 5. (exit) the classroom in an 6. (order) line. All of them were safe and sound.  　　Sabrina Andron helped many people escape danger 7. her knowledge of tsunamis. She noticed something odd while 8. (walk) along Goldshore Beach. It 9. (occur) to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. Her parents told this to a safety officer, who 10. (immediate) realized the coming danger. The beach was cleared of people just before the huge waves crashed into the coast. 2. Extended reading As a typical Roman city, you can see 1. model of the whole Roman Empire in Pompeii. 2. (fortune), the cloud-capped top of Mount Vesuvius appeared. Its ashy 3. (rock) told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come! 　　The busy citizens 4. (look) upwards with unspeakable fear when a huge cloud shot from the peak of the volcano. Then came the fire! The cries of women broke 5. ; the men looked at each other, but 6. (be) silent. A moment later, the mountain-cloud seemed to roll towards them, dark and rapid, like a river; at the same time, it threw out a 7. (show) of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone! Each hurried 8. (blind) and fearfully on. So came the earthquake...and so ended life in Pompeii.   　　Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away 9. the city of Pompeii was dug. Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii, the remains of their beautiful city survive 10. (remind) us that human lives burn bright and short.  附:单元词汇记忆表 county n.郡,县 injure vt.伤害,使受伤;损害 disaster n.灾难，灾害;彻底失败 at large整个,全部 reaction n.反应,回应;抗拒;化学反应 crash n.碰撞声,破裂声;碰撞;崩溃vi.&vt.碰撞,撞击;崩溃 signal vi.&vt.发信号,示意;标志n.信号,暗号;标志;信号灯 exit vt.&vi.出去,离去,退场;退出n.出口,通道;离开 orderly adj.有秩序的,有条理的,整齐的 stair n.楼梯;梯级 roll n.名单;卷;一管;翻滚vi.&vt.翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起 roll call点名 confirm vt.证实,确认;使确信;批准 safe and sound安然无恙的 hug vt.拥抱,搂抱;抱紧 procedure n.程序，步骤，手续 *tsunami n.海啸 odd adj.奇怪的,怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 *bubble n.泡沫,泡,气泡 occur vi.发生,出现;存在于 occur to被想到,浮现在脑中 keep one’s head(在困境中)保持冷静 relief n.宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;救济 typhoon n.台风 destructive adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的,破坏(或毁灭)性的 pole n.柱,杆；极 inform vt.了解,熟悉;通知 hurricane n.飓风 conference n.会议,研讨会；讨论,商谈 shock n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动vt.使震惊 scare vt.&vi.惊吓，害怕n.恐慌；惊吓 power n.电,电力；权力；政权;控制力；能力；能量；力量 run out of用完,耗尽 supply n.补给,补给品;供应;供应量,储备vt.供应,供给,提供 donate vt.捐赠,赠送;献(血) charity n.慈善机构(或组织);慈善,施舍;仁爱,宽容 staff n.全体职工;管理人员vt.在…工作,任职于 slide n.幻灯片；降低；滑行;山崩vi.&vt.滑行;逐渐陷入 fund n.资金；基金 flood n.洪水，水灾；大量vi.&vt.淹没,泛滥;大量涌入;充满 downstairs adv.在楼下,往楼下n.楼下 document n.文件,公文;(计算机中的)文档 honey n.(爱称)亲爱的;蜂蜜 otherwise adv.否则，不然；除此以外 curious adj.好奇的;奇特的 *Roman adj.古罗马的;罗马的n.古罗马人;罗马人 erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生 unearth vt.使出土,挖掘,发掘;发现,找到 destination n.目的地,终点 bar n.酒吧;小馆子;吧台;条,块;栏杆;障碍vt.封;阻挡；阻止 import n.进口产品,输入的产品；输入vt.进口,引进 export n.出口产品,输出的产品;出口,输出vt.出口,输出 port n.港口,避风港;港口城市 cloud-capped adj.高耸入云的,耸入云霄的 *ashy adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的 *dawn n.黎明,破晓；开端,萌芽vi.开始;开始清楚 volcano n.火山 take the form of呈现…的形状；采取…的形式 trunk n.树干 unbearable adj.难耐的,无法忍受的 break out突然开始,爆发 beyond adv.在(或向)较远处,在另一边prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出…之外 distance n.遥远,久远；距离；差异；疏远 far and wide到处,各处 pattern n.图案,花样；模式；范例；模型 column n.柱,圆柱;柱状物;栏;专栏;队,列 rescue n.&vt.救援,营救,抢救 sharp adj.灵敏的;锋利的;急剧的;明显的;尖锐的;强烈的 (27) locate vt.找出…的准确位置；把…安置在(或建造于) retire vi.&vt.退休,退职 ( 8 / 8 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$