内容正文:
【同步100分背默】 Travelling around the world 知识清单
一.重点词汇背默
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单词短语
音标
词性
中文意思
*wine
/waɪn/
n.
葡萄酒
match
/mætʃ/
v.
配对
rich
/rɪtʃ/
adj.
丰富多彩的
lie
/laɪ/
v.
位于;坐落在
*cafe
/ˈkæfeɪ/
n.
咖啡馆;小餐馆
excellent
/ˈeksələnt/
adj.
优秀的;极好的
coast
/kəʊst/
n.
海岸;海滨
perfect
/ˈpɜːfɪkt /
adj.
正合适
mostly
/ˈməʊstli/
adv.
主要地;通常
receive
/rɪˈsiːv/
v.
接待;招待
key
/kiː/
adj.
主要的;关键的
remain
/rɪˈmeɪn/
v.
仍然是;保持不变
lift
/lɪft/
n.
电梯;升降机
step
/step/
n.
台阶
*stair
/steə(r)/
n.
楼梯
*motorcycle
/ˈməʊtəsaɪkl/
n.
摩托车
sightseeing
/ˈsaɪtsiːɪŋ/
n.
观光;游览
imagine
/ɪˈmædʒɪn/
v.
想象;设想
destination
/ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/
n.
目的地;终点
address
/əˈdres/
n.
住址;地址
government
/ˈɡʌvənmənt/
n.
政府
*unique
/juˈniːk/
adj.
独特的;罕见的
endangered
/ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/
adj.
濒危的
*stretch
/stretʃ/
v.
延申;绵延
huge
/hjuːdʒ/
adj.
巨大的;极多的
wild
/waɪld/
adj.
n.
野的;野生的
自然环境;野生状态
discover
/dɪˈskʌvə(r)/
v.
了解到;查明
*volcano
/vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/
n.
火山
*range
/reɪndʒ/
n.
山脉
snowmobile
/ˈsnəʊməbiːl/
n.
雪地机动车
wolf
/wʊlf/
n.
狼
二.词汇拓展背默
1. excellent adj. --- n. 2. receive v. --- n.
3. imagine v. --- n. 4. volcano n. --- adj.
5. discover v. --- n. 6. government n. ---v.
7. endangered adj. -- n. 8. lie 躺 (过去式)
1. excellence 2. receipt 3. imagination 4. volcanic 5. discovery 6. govern 7. endanger; danger
8. lay;
三.重点短语背默
1.the capital of ……的首都
2.be famous for 因为……而出名
3.take a river cruise 乘船游览
4.What do you know about...? 关于…你了解什么?
5.one of the+最高级+n.(复数) 最……之一
6.most-visited country 游客众多(最多)的
7.Western Europe 西欧
8.be rich in 富含……
9.lie in (lay,lain) 现在分词lying 位于(内部)
10.in the north of 在……的北部
11.run through 流经,途径
12.place of interest 名胜
13.the best place to go 最佳去处
14.department store 百货商店
15.get a taste of 体验,尝试
16.in the centre of 在……的中心
17.a perfect place for a summer holiday 夏季度假的好地方
18.prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
19.prefer A to B 与B相比,更喜欢A
20.prefer doing A to doing B 与……相比,更喜欢做……
21.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做……,而不做……
22.Why not do sth.? 为什么不做某事?
21.by hand 用手
22.get away from 远离
23.imagine that... 想象……
24.tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事
25.It is+距离+from sp. ……和……的距离
26.go on a trip 去旅行
27.can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事
28.national park 国家公园
29.find out 找出,查明,弄清
30.a protected area of nature 一个自然保护区
31.set up=build up 建立
32.endangered animals 濒危动物
33.be covered by/with 被……覆盖
34.be home to 是……的家园
35.from all over the world 来自全世界
36.in the wild 在野外
37.all year round 全年
38.go hiking/go boating 远足;划船
39.in the middle of 在……的中间
四.重点句子背默
1.France is one of the most visited countries in the world. 法国是世界上游客最多的国家之一
2.it is a beautiful country rich in history and culture.这是一个历史和文化丰富的美丽国家。
3.Paris is the capital city of France. It lies in the north of the country, 巴黎是法国的首都。它位于国家的北部
4.Here you will find many places of interest在这里,你会发现许多名胜古迹
5.This is the best place to go if you want to visit some world-famous department stores. 如果你想去一些世界著名的百货公司,这是最好的地方。
6.If you prefer to visit France in winter, you can go skiing in the French Alps.如果你喜欢在冬天去法国旅游,你可以去法国的阿尔卑斯山滑雪。
7.Why not visit France this year?为什么今年不去法国旅游呢?
8.It is the first day of my trip to France. 这是我去法国旅行的第一天。
9.We need to stand in line for a long time to get in, but we are still very excited to see the famous artworks inside.我们需要排队很长一段时间才能进去,但我们仍然很兴奋地看到里面的著名艺术品。
10.There is so much to see and do before I leave for Provence on Wednesday!在我星期三去普罗旺斯之前,有很多事情要看和要做!
11.70% of the park is covered by forest and its highest mountain is 5.588 m high.公园70%的面积被森林覆盖,最高峰海拔5.588米
12.This park is home to over 1.600 wild giant pandas. 这个公园是1.600多只野生大熊猫的家园。
13.Every year, visitors from all over the world come to see the cutest bears on Earth.每年,来自世界各地的游客都会来看地球上最可爱的熊。
14.Yellowstone is the oldest national park in the world. 黄石国家公园是世界上最古老的国家公园。
15.The park gets several million visitors each year.这个公园每年有几百万游客。
16.People are always amazed by the pillarlike mountains in Zhangjiajie, but how did these unique mountains take shape? 人们总是对张家界的环形山脉感到惊讶,但是这些独特的山脉是如何形成的呢?
17.Many of the world's rivers pick up sand and slowly carry it into the ocean. 世界上许多河流捡起沙子并慢慢地运入海洋。
18.Little by little, new sand arrives on the sea floor, so the old sand gets pressed down.渐渐地,新的沙子来到了海底,所以旧的沙子被压了下来。
19.It can take millions of years, but the pressures lowly turns the sand into hard rock. 这可能需要数百万年的时间,但较低的压力可能会把沙子变成坚硬的岩石。
20.The wind kept blowing against the rock, and rivers passed through the cracks. 风不停地吹向岩石,河流穿过裂缝。
21.These forces of nature slowly cut deeper and deeper,and the land continued to rise.这些自然的力量慢慢地切割得越来越深,土地继续上升。
22.In fact, wind and water continue to wear down the mountains.事实上,风和水继续侵蚀着山脉。
23.Sometime in the future, millions of years from now.these beautiful mountains will disappear.在未来的某个时候,数百万年后,这些美丽的山脉将会消失。
五.易错点背默
考点1.France
France n. 法国
French 作名词时,意为“法语”;作形容词时,意为“法国的;”。
【注意】作“法国人”,Frenchman 复数 Frenchmen
Europe n. 欧洲
European adj. 欧洲的 n. 欧洲人
Country国家
People人
Language语言
单数
复数
China(中国)
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Japan(日本)
Japanese
Japanese
Japanese
America(美国)
American
Americans
English
England(英格兰)
English/Englishman
English/Englishmen
English
France(法国)
Frenchman
Frenchmen
French
Germany(德国)
German
Germans
German
1.He is from __________ and he is __________.
A. Chinese; China B. China; Chinese C. Chinese; Chinese D. China; China
【答案】句意:他来自中国,他是中国人。China中国;Chinese中国人。故选B。
2.The girl is from________ and she is ________.
A. Japan; Japanese B. English; England C. American; America D. Chinese; China
【答案】A句意:这个女孩来自日本,她是日本的。
A. Japan(日本); Japanese(日本人,日本人的,日本的); B. English(英语);England(英格兰);C. American(美国人); America (美国);D. Chinese(中国人;汉语); China(中国),根据句意,第一个空需要填国家名称,第二个空需要填表示人的词。故选A
3. I don ’t come from ____, but I am good at ____.
A. French, France B. France, French C. French, French D. France, France
【答案】B
【解析】France法国(国名), French 法语,法国的。根据句意故选B
考点2 lie的用法
(1)作为动词,意为“平躺;撒谎;位于”。作“躺”解时,其过去式和过去分词分别为lay, lain;作“撒谎”解时,其过去式和过去分词分别是lied, lied。其现在分词都是lying。
My grandmother likes lying in the sun.我奶奶喜欢躺在太阳底下。
Tom likes lying to others. 汤姆喜欢跟他人撒谎。
My hometown lies in the east of the city. 我的家乡位于城市东部。
(2)作为名词,意为“谎言”。常用于tell a lie/lies to sb.意为“跟某人撒谎”。
Nobody likes Tom because he is always telling lies to people.
没有人喜欢汤姆,因为他总是喜欢跟人们撒谎。
1.He is ________ ________ ________ ________(躺在床上) and watching TV.
【答案】lying on the bed
2.If you don't feel very well, you should ________ ________ (躺下来) and have a rest.
【答案】lie down
3.不要对我撒谎。Don’t me.
【答案】lie to
4.他从不说谎。He never _____________
【答案】lies
5 猫正卧在炉火旁。The cat is____________ by the fire.
【答案】lying
考点3.be famous for/as
be famous for 表示“因……而出名”,通常用于描述一个人、地方或事物因其特定的特征、技能、产品或其他原因而闻名。例如:
He is famous for his great inventions.他因伟大的发明而出名。
Hangzhou is famous for its beautiful scenery.杭州因美丽的风景而出名.
be famous as 表示“作为……而出名”,通常用于描述一个人因其职业或身份而出名,或一个地方因其特定的功能或角色而出名。例如:
Napoleon was famous as a soldier.拿破仑以其军事才能而著称。
Mark Twain was famous as a children's story writer.马克·吐温作为儿童故事作家而著称。
——I’ll travel to France next week. What do you want me to buy for you in France?
——Some wine. France ________ its wine.
A. is interested in B. is famous for C. is good at D. is famous as
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——下周我要去法国旅行了。你想让我给你在法国买什么?——买一些酒吧。法国因为它的酒而出名。考查形容词短语。be interested in 对……感兴趣;be famous for 因为……而出名;be good at 擅长做某事;be famous as作为……而出名。根据“France...its wine”可知,这里说的是法国因酒而出名。故选B。
考点4.such as
such as意为“例如”,用来“罗列”同类人或物中的几个例子,可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,但
such as后边不能用逗号。
例如:
I have many hobbies such as reading, dancing and singing. 我有很多爱好,如读书,跳舞和唱歌。
Many of the English programs are welcome, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science. 其中有许多英语节目很受欢迎,例如《跟我学》《跟我学科学》。
English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.许多国家说英语,如澳大利亚加拿大等。
拓展:for example也意为“例如”,但是强调“举例”说明,而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语,且用逗号隔开。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。
There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.有许多种污染方式,例如噪音就是一种污染。
Many students like playing computer games,for example,Mike.许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏,比如迈克。
用for example, such as或like填空
1) He studies hard. _______________, he does his homework every night.
2)The boy likes vegetables, _______________ , cabbages.
3) Mary is __________ her father.
4)He can speak four languages, ____________ Chinese and English.
5) English is spoken in many countries, _____________Australia and Canada.
【答案】1.for example 2.for example 3.like 4.such as 5.such as
考点5.match 与……相配
Your shoes do match your dress. 你的鞋子确实和你的裙子相配。
(1)match with (使)和……相匹配
This ribbon does not match with my hat. 这条丝带和我的帽子不相配。
Match 名词。火柴; 比赛; 竞赛
Are you ready for the match ?你准备好比赛了吗?
The doors were painted blue to m __ the walls.
【答案】match
【解析】句意:门被漆成蓝色以与墙壁相配。
考点6.be rich in
be rich in “含有丰富的”
1.The country is known to be rich in natural resources. 据了解,这个国家有丰富的自然资源
2. She is rich in the inner feelings.她内心的感情丰富。。
3.Coca Cola is considered to be rich in sugar.人们认为可口可乐的含糖量很高。
广泛阅读,你会得到丰富的知识Read widely and you'll_______ ______ _______ knowledge.
【答案】be rich in
考点7.prefer
(1)prefer是及物动词,意思是“更喜欢、比较喜欢”,相当于like better。例如:
Which do you prefer(=like better), rice or bread? 你比较喜欢哪一样,米饭还是面包?
(2)由prefer构成的短语:
1) prefer A to B意为“喜欢A胜过B、比起B来更喜欢A”,此短语中A和B的形式一样,可以是名词、代词或者动名词,但必须两个词形式统一。例如:
We prefer apples to oranges. 比起桔子来我们更喜欢苹果。
My grandma prefers taking a walk to sitting in front of the TV.我奶奶宁愿去散步而不愿看电视。
2) prefer to do something rather than do something意为“宁愿做某事,而不愿意做某事。”
此短语中prefer 的后面用动词不定式,than的后面用省略to的动词不定式。例如:
They prefer to stay at home and watch TV, rather than go out for a walk. 他们宁愿呆在家里看电视,也不愿意出去散步。
1.我宁愿看书也不愿看电视。(翻译)
【答案】I prefer to read books rather than watch TV.
2.I prefer _______ rather than _______ TV.
A.to read;watch B.to reading;watch
C.to read;watching D.to reading;watching
【答案】A
【解析】prefer to do rather than do意为“宁愿做……也不做……”。故选A。
考点8.set up
set up建立、设立、
They set up a new business together. 他们一起创办了一家新企业。
The organization was set up to support local artists. 该组织成立是为了支持本地艺术家
set构成的短语
拓展:set off for + 地点 出发前往某地
set off on a new journey 动身踏上新旅程
set off 动身;出发;点燃 (set off fireworks 放烟火set off the alarm 使警报响起)
set up 开办;建立
set down 写下;制定
set an example (to…) 给…树立榜样
set sb. free 释放某人
a set of sth 一套...;一组...
-- The government of Hefei plans to _________ more nature parks in 5 years.
-- Sounds good.
A. set up B. use up C. look up D. pick up
【答案】A
【解析】句意:合肥政府计划在5年内建立更多的自然公园。考查动词短语辨析题。A. set up建立/安排;B. use up用完/耗尽;C. look up查找;D. pick up拾起。根据句意语境,可知set up符合句意,故选A。
考点9cover
1.作为动词,
cover的基本含义是“覆盖”,指用某物遮盖在另一物体上面。例如:
1.Please cover the table with a cloth. 请用布盖住桌子。
2.The highway was covered with snow. 公路被雪覆盖着。
cover还可以表示“包含”或“涉及”。例如:
1.These regulations cover such cases. 这些规定适用于这类情况。
2.His reading covers a wide range of subjects. 他阅读的书籍涉及多种学科。
cover还有“采访、报道”的意思。例如:
Jack covered the Gulf War for CNN then. 杰克当时替美国有线新闻电视网报导海湾战争。
2.作为名词,cover可以指“封面”或“报道”。例如:
The magazine had an interesting cover story.
这本杂志有一篇有趣的封面报道。
be covered with 是被动语态形式,表示“被...覆盖”而强调覆盖的状态,例如:
The road is covered with snow. 这条路被雪覆盖了。(强调的状态)
The mountain tops are covered with snow. 白雪覆盖着山顶。(强调的状态)
be covered by 侧重于被动的动作,表示某物被另一物覆盖,强调覆盖的动作或过程。例如,
These expenses are covered by the state.
这些费用由国家承担。这句话强调的是国家承担费用的动作。
1.妈妈用一块布将桌子覆盖起来。(完成句子)
Mother_________the table_______a piece of cloth.
【答案】covered with
2.冬天到了。大地覆盖着厚厚的白雪。(完成句子)
Winter comes, the land _______ _____ _______thick white snow.
【答案】is covered with
3. 一位记者正在采访全红禅
A journalist________ ________ Quan Hongchan
【答案】is covering
考点10.“Why not...?” 的用法
“Why not...?”句型用于 提出建议,Why not后跟动词原形,同义句型为:Why don’t you...?
【典例分析】
1.—I’m tired out after three-day work day and night.
—_____ relax yourself? Go out and enjoy the natural beauty
A. Why not B. Why don’t C. What about D. Shall we
【答案】“Why not do sth.?” 为固定句式,表示委婉提出建议。What about 后接动词的-ing 形式,Shall we 和后面yourself 人称不符。
2.为什么不去旅游呢?
_________ ____________go travelling. =_________ ____________ _________go travelling.
【答案】Why not /Why don’t you
考点11.discover
discover v. 发现;找到;发觉
【例句】
The new star was discovered by a Chinese scientist. 这颗新星是一位中国科学家发现的。
【辨析】find,discover与invent
find侧重于指找到丢失或遗忘的东西或人;
discover指发现某种情况或发现早已存在而未为人知的东西;
invent则表示发明以前不存在的东西。
用find, discover和invent的适当形式填空
1.Gilbert ___________ electricity and Edison ___________the electric light bulb.
【答案】discovered invented
2.Cai Lun ___________ the paper.
【答案】invented
3.We’ve ________________ a solution to the problem
【答案】found
考点12.endangered濒危的
(1) danger n. 危险 in danger 处于危险中 out of danger 脱离危险
(2) endanger v. 危及;使遭受危险
(3) dangerous adj. 危险的
1.The girl is in . 这个女孩处于危险之中。
【答案】danger 名词。In danger 处于危险中。
2.It is to play with fire. 玩火是危险的。
【答案】dangerous
3.Pandas are animals.熊猫是濒危动物
【答案】endangered
考点13.finish
finish v. 完成
finish后面可接名词或v.-ing形式,有时可用作不及物动词,如:
finish此处用作不及物动词, 意为“完成; 做好“.
例:Hisworkfinishesat5:00.他5点下班。
【拓展】能接v.-ing作宾语的动词还有:practice; enjoy; mind; keep等。
practice doing sth. 练习做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
mind doing sth.介意做某事 keep doing sth. 一直做某事
like doing sth 喜欢做某事
1. 你几点吃完晚饭?
What time do you _______ _______?
【答案】finish supper
2.我通常七点之前做完运动。
I usually _______ _______ _______ before 7:00.
【答案】finish doing sports
3. 吉姆通常在8点前完成他的家庭作业,
Jim usually _________ _________ his homework before 8: 00
【答案】finishes doing
考点14.by hand
by hand by此处用作介词,意为“(表示方式、手段等)用;靠” o
by:① “在……的旁边”,表示位置,=near,beside 。
There is an old house by the lake. 在湖旁有一座老房子。
② “从……的旁边经过路过”,表示移动方向。
An old friend passed by me without stopping.一位老朋友从我身边经过,没有停留。
③ “不迟于,在……之前”,
You must finish the work by Friday.
④ “ 通过,用”,表示方法手段。如:
I learn English by listening to the radio. 我通过听收音机学英语。
⑤ “被,由,受”,用于被动语态。如:
The cake is eaten by the boy. 这块蛋糕被那个小男孩吃了。
一、指出下列各句‘by’的用法
1.There is a house by the river.
【答案】by介词,在旁边=beside,near
2.An old friend passed by me without stopping.
【答案】by 介词。“从……的旁边经过路过”
3.You must finish this work by Friday
【答案】by 介词。到。。。为止
4.I learn English by listening to the radio.
【答案】by介词“ 通过,用”
5.The cake was eaten by that little boy
【答案】by “被,由,受” 用于被动语态。
考点15.step
step n. (a)台阶
(b) 脚步
(c) 步骤
v. 迈步;跨步
(1)step by step 一步一步地
(2)take steps 采取措施
She walked on a few steps. 她继续走了几步。
Neil Armstrong became the first man to step on the Moon. 尼尔·阿姆斯特朗成了登月第一人。
【拓展】
(1)step by step 一步一步地
We should finish our plan step by step. 我们要一步一步地去完成我们的计划。
(2)watch your step 注意脚下
Watch your step before you get in. 当你进来时注意脚下。
(3)take steps 采取措施
We should take steps to stop war. 我们应当采取措施制止战争。
1.We should take _____________ (step)to make our study better.
【解析】steps take steps 采取措施
考点16.one of+the或其他限定词+形容词最高级+名词复数
“one of+the或其他限定词+形容词最高级+名词复数”指在某一范围内“最……之一”,该结构做主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
【典例分析】
1.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
The Changjiang River is _______ ________ ________ _________ _________ in the world.
【答案】one of the longest rivers
2.他是我们班最优秀的学生之一。
He ________ ________ ________ _________ _________ ________ in our class
【答案】is one of the best students
考点17.be home to
be home to 这个短语在英语中表示“对某物而言是故乡、家园、栖息地或产地”。它是一个形容词短语,home前面不需要冠词。例如,Vienna is home to Mozart 表示维也纳是莫扎特的故乡.
New York is home to the global finance industry.纽约是世界金融业的中心。
The Earth is home to both animals and humans地球是动物和人类的家园
1.地球是动物和人类的家园
The Earth _____________both animals and humans
【答案】is home to
考点18.in the north (south / east / west) of ... 在……的北部(南部 / 东部 / 西部)。
辨析:
in the + 方位名词 + of ..., 指在某一范围内的地区;
to the + 方位名词 + of ..., 指互不接壤的两个地区;
on the + 方位名词 + of ..., 指接壤的两个地区。如:
in
表示在地点内部
on
表示两地接壤
to
表示两地相隔
用适当介词填空
1. Hong Kong is________ the south of China.
2. Japan is _________the east of China.
3. Canada is________ the north of the US.
【答案】: 1,in 香港属于中国管辖的一部分。故用“in”。
2. to 日本不属于中国且隔海不接壤。故用“to”
3.on 加拿大与美国接壤的两个国家。故用“on”
六.语法点记忆
一、专有名词
英语中的专有名词表示特定的人名、地名、机构或组织名、书名、节日名或者日期名等的专用名称。
专有名词前一般不加冠词,并且每个单词的首字母都需要大写,但其中的虚词,如冠词、介词等的首字母一般不大写,也可以将所有的字母都大写。注意,普通名词构成的专有前面需要加定冠词。
1.名词的分类
英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:
1.专有名词指特定的或独一无二的人或物(人名、地名、节日、星期、月份、国家名、景观名)。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
如:Beijing, Tom, English,the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)
人名:Tom,Peter,Mr Yang
地名:Europe,New York,People’s Square
节日、月份、星期:Christmas,February,Saturday
注意:有些单词字母的大小写不同,词义也不一样。如:
Rose罗斯(姓名)——rose玫瑰花
China中国——china陶瓷或中国(不特指)
2.普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。
如:pupil, family, man, foot.
普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如:box, child, orange;a dog,two dogs,100 dogs
不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information .
用量词来计数不可数名词: A glass of water
区分单词可数不可数
可数名词:像表示人或事物的名词和集体名词等。
不可数名词:物质名词或抽象名词。(液体,空气,粉末状)
常见的不可数名词:bread,rice,milk,water,air,advice,homework,money等。
2.专有名词的分类
(1). 表示人名,姓和名要分开,首字母都要大写。如:Tom, Tim Smith, Xu Haitao。
(2). 表示地名、国名。如:France, the United Nations, the Great Wall。
(3). 表示组织,机构名。如 the World Trade Organization,
(4). 表示星期、月份。如:Monday, January, October。
(5). 表示节日。如:the Spring Festival,Christmas, New Year。
(6). 表示书名、文章名。如:Oxford English, My Summer Holiday。
3.专有名词的特征
(1). 一般情况下,专有名词的第一个字母要大写,前面不用不定冠词“a”或“an”,通常没有复数形式。
(2). 组织结构和中国传统的节日前,要加冠词The。
(3). 国家名是由多个名词组成,要加冠词the. 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the.
(4). 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示某一家人(复数含义)。如the Greens (格林一家)
( ) 1. Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on ______ Day.
A. woman B. Women C. Woman’s D. Women’s
( ) 2. --- I want to go for a traveling during ________ Spring Festival.
--- Hainan is a perfect place_____ a holiday.
A. the; for B. a at C. the; on D. an; for
( ) 3. --- Do you know when______ was established
--- It was established ______ 1945.
A. the United Nation, on B. the United Nation; in
C. the United Nations; in D. the United Nations; on
1-3 1.D 2.A 3.B
二.连词(非从句连词)种类总结
并列
and
和,并且
My father and mother went for a walk.
both..and...
…和…;(两者)都
Both my father and my mother are teachers.
neither…nor...
既不...也不...
Neither my father nor my mother is a doctor.
not only...but also
不但….,而且 …
She is not only a singer but also a dancer.
as well as
既…,又 …
She can speak German as well as English.
转折
but
但是
He goes to school not by bus,but on foot.
however
然而(逗号隔开)
It's cold.However,we should go there.
while
然而(对比关系)
I like tea,while she likes coffee.
选择
or
或者;还是
Would you like fish or pork?
either...or...
或者...或者...
Either you or I can get the computer.
结果
so
因此;所以
I am late,so I will take a taxi to work.
1. and表示并列,意思为“和,并且”,用于连接形容词、副词、名词、动词或句子。除and以外,还有both......and......, not only......but also, neither......nor等。如:
①She is beautiful and she is kind. 她很漂亮,她也很善良。
②She is a student, and she is a good girl. 她是一名学生,她也是一位好女孩。
③Both the teacher and the students come. 老师和学生都来了。
④Not only the teachers but also the students come. 不仅老师们,学生们也来了。
⑤Neither the teachers nor the students come.老师们和学生们都没来。
【拓展】
“祈使句+and+陈述句”表示条件与结果,可与句型“If条件句+主句”互换使用。如:
Work hard and your future is not a dream.= If you work hard, your future is not a dream.
2.but 意为“但是”,表示转折关系, 所接的成分意思相反或者相近,类似的连词还有while, however。注意 but 后面不能连接“,”,而“however”后必须用“,”,且“but”不能和 though/although 用在同一个句子里。如:
She likes singing, but she doesn’t like sports. 她喜欢唱歌,但是她不喜欢运动。
He loves the story, but I don’t love it. 他喜欢这个故事,但是我不喜欢。
Though/Although he loves the story, but I don’t love it. (语法错误)
It’s an old car, but it’s reliable. 它是一部很旧的汽车,但它是可以信赖的。
Wu Lei is so lazy but he studies very well. 吴磊很懒,但是学习很好。
3. so 意为“因此、所以”,表示因果关系,类似的还有thus, therefore等。用作连词时,so可以独立引导并列分句,therefore/thus前必须有分号或者破折号隔开才能引导并列分句。注意 so 不能和 because 用在同一个句子里。如:
He got up late, so he didn’t catch the school bus. 他起晚了,所以没有赶上校车。
He is fat, so he can’t run fast. 他很胖,所以他跑不快。
Because he is fat, so he can’t run fast. (语法错误)
It begins to rain, so we gave up the camp. 天开始下雨了,所以我们放弃露营了。
The teacher is right; Therefore, we all support him. 老师是对的,所以我们都支持他。
4.or 意为“或者、否则”,也可以用来连接两个句子,表示选择关系。如:
You can stay here, or you can leave. 你可以待在这里,也可以离开。
Get up early, or you’ll be late。早点起床,否则你会迟到。
Which do you prefer, this one or that one?你更喜欢哪一个,这个还是那个?
注:当 or 表示“和”时,用于否定句或疑问句中;而 and 用于肯定句中。
【拓展】
“祈使句+ or+陈述句”表示“否则”
Hurry up, or you will be late.= If you don’t hurry up, you will be late.
1. Study hard you will pass the exam.
2. It was snowing, I could not go out.
3. I like the computer very much, it is too expensive. I can’t afford it.
4. My favourite subjects are art Chinese.
5. It is very cold, those students are still having P.E. class in the playground.
6. My mother is ill, I have to stay at home and look after her.
7.在红岭中学,老师和学生都很努力。
In Hongling Middle school, teachers students are hard-working.
8.大熊猫经常吃竹子,但是他们也吃其他的植物。
Giant pandas usually eat bamboo they also eat other plants.
9.我在景德镇看到了许多陶器店,因此我买了几个手绘的茶壶。
I saw many pottery shops in Jingdezhen, I bought several freehand sketching.
1.and 2.so 3.but 4.and 5.but 6.so 7.both,and 8.but 9.so
七.写作背默
本单元以“旅行”为话题。通过本单元(Travelling around the world)学会介绍自己就家乡和你喜欢的旅游景点。以国家,城市及家乡景点介绍为主线,设置的写作题目可能与国家,城市或家乡景点的介绍有关。在写作的时候,我们要从历史,文化,地理位置,名胜等方面进行描述。写作注意以下几点:
一、目标语言:一般现在时态,关于旅行地点介绍的单词和短语。
二、内容可以包括以下几个方面:
1.旅游的目的地(地理位置,总体特色)
2.名胜古迹。(自然景观,人文历史)
3.美食特色。
4.交通。
5.文娱活动。
6.住宿,购物体验等。
一.好词背默
1.旅游travel/trip
2. 导游guide
3. 游客visitor/tourist
4. 酒店hotel
5. 短途旅程ride
6. 参观visit
7. 护照passport
8. 照相机camera
9. 背包backpack
10. 帐篷tent
11. 到国外abroad
12. 票;车票ticket
13. 风景sight
14. 景色scene
15. 单人的single
16. 双人的double
17. 令人放松的relaxing
18. 在某处somewhere
19. 乘客 passenger
20. 司机driver
二、佳句欣赏与运用
◆谚语类
1.Travel broadens the mind.旅游开阔眼界。
2.He who travels far knows more.远行者见识广。
3.Read ten thousand books and travel ten thousand miles.读万卷书,行万里路。
◆旅游类
1. 法国是世界上访问人数最多的国家之一France is one of the most visited countries in the world
2.法国是一个历史悠久、文化丰富的国家。France is a beautiful country rich in history and culture
3. 如果你想去参观一些世界著名的百货商店,这是最好的地方。This is the best place to go if you want to visit some world famous department stores
4.这是夏天度假的完美地方。It is the perfect place for a summer holiday.
5.它位于法国东南海岸,以其美丽的海滩而闻名。It lies on France's south-east coast and is famous for its wonderful beaches.
6.法国适合所有人,所以为什么不今年去法国呢?France has something for everyone, so why not visit France this year?
7.我们一到达…… 就被…… 吸引了。As soon as we arrived at..., we were attracted by...
8.我们参观了很多名胜古迹,比如……We visited many places of interest, such as...
9. I will never forget my first trip to Beijing, which was really an unforgettable experience for me. 我永远不会忘记第一次去北京的旅行, 对我来说这是一次难忘的经历。
10. There are several green ways of transportation available such as going out by bike or underground.
有几种绿色出行的方法可行, 例如骑单车或坐地铁。
11. Traveling can not only enrich our knowledge about the local culture but also make us get relaxed and keep healthy. 旅游不但能够丰富我们对当地文化的认识, 也能够让我们放松和保持健康。
写作指导
三亚有“中国夏威夷”的美称,每年都吸引了大量的外国游客。假设你去年暑假来过此地,请你描述旅游的经历,给外国游客提供旅游参考。内容可包括:天气、风光、活动、感受等。
要求:
1.必须涵盖以上要点,并适当发挥;
2.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息;
3.词数100左右。
参考词汇:Yalong Bay亚龙湾
【审题指导】本篇作文要求描述你去三亚旅游的一次经历,全篇时态以一般过去时为主,以第一人称和第二人称的口吻进行叙述。介绍旅游经历时,须从天气、风光、活动、感受等方面进行叙述。
【写作导图】
【作文失分点与句子升格】
◎失分点
“旅游”类作文是全国各地中考的高频话题之一,也属于叙事类作文。一般来说,易失分的地方主要有:
1.学生对旅游景点不太熟悉,在提示信息不充分的情况下,学生往往不知所措;
2.学生在写作时,语言缺乏组织性,跳跃性太大,没有一定的逻辑条理;
3.对旅游过程中的见闻没有做到细心观察,表述时说不出所以然。
◎句子升格(答案均在【佳作欣赏】中加粗体现)
1. I arrived there.I saw beautiful sights.(用“as soon as”和“catch one's eyes”改写句子)
________________________________________________________________________
2.We also collected shells along the soft beaches.We had fun.(用“have fun doing sth.”将两句合并为一句)
________________________________________________________________________
3.The people impressed me the most.I also want to mention that.(用“Another thing I'd like to mention is that…”升格句子)
________________________________________________________________________
4.You will find it is the most suitable place for vacation after you visit Sanya.(用“if引导的条件状语从句”和“nowhere is+比较级+than”结构升格句子)
________________________________________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
Travel broadens the mind.It's a good way to see the world.
Last summer vacation,the weather was fine.I went to Sanya—China's Hawaii,with my family.As soon as I arrived there,beautiful sights caught my eyes.It is a really magic land .The next day,we went to the beach.We watched the sunrise and sunset.We also had fun collecting shells along the soft beaches.Later,we visited Yalong Bay and Tianya Haijiao.It is said that no visit to Hainan is complete without a trip to Yalong Bay and Tianya Haijiao.Another thing I'd like to mention is that the people impressed me the most.They can always give you a hand if you need.
If you visit Sanya,you will find nowhere is more suitable for vacation than it.
$$【同步100分背默】 Travelling around the world 知识清单
一.重点词汇背默
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单词短语
音标
词性
中文意思
/waɪn/
n.
葡萄酒
/mætʃ/
v.
配对
/rɪtʃ/
adj.
丰富多彩的
/laɪ/
v.
位于;坐落在
/ˈkæfeɪ/
n.
咖啡馆;小餐馆
/ˈeksələnt/
adj.
优秀的;极好的
/kəʊst/
n.
海岸;海滨
/ˈpɜːfɪkt /
adj.
正合适
/ˈməʊstli/
adv.
主要地;通常
/rɪˈsiːv/
v.
接待;招待
/kiː/
adj.
主要的;关键的
/rɪˈmeɪn/
v.
仍然是;保持不变
/lɪft/
n.
电梯;升降机
/step/
n.
台阶
/steə(r)/
n.
楼梯
/ˈməʊtəsaɪkl/
n.
摩托车
/ˈsaɪtsiːɪŋ/
n.
观光;游览
/ɪˈmædʒɪn/
v.
想象;设想
/ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/
n.
目的地;终点
/əˈdres/
n.
住址;地址
/ˈɡʌvənmənt/
n.
政府
/juˈniːk/
adj.
独特的;罕见的
/ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/
adj.
濒危的
/stretʃ/
v.
延申;绵延
/hjuːdʒ/
adj.
巨大的;极多的
/waɪld/
adj.
n.
野的;野生的
自然环境;野生状态
/dɪˈskʌvə(r)/
v.
了解到;查明
/vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/
n.
火山
/reɪndʒ/
n.
山脉
/ˈsnəʊməbiːl/
n.
雪地机动车
/wʊlf/
n.
狼
二.词汇拓展背默
1. excellent adj. --- n. 2. receive v. --- n.
3. imagine v. --- n. 4. volcano n. --- adj.
5. discover v. --- n. 6. government n. ---v.
7. endangered adj. -- n. 8. lie 躺 (过去式)
三.重点短语背默
1. ……的首都
2.be famous for
3.take a river cruise
4.What do you know about...?
5.one of the+最高级+n.(复数)
6.most-visited country
7.Western Europe
8.be rich in
9. 位于(内部)
10.in the north of
11.run through
12. 名胜
13.the best place to go
14.department store
15. 体验,尝试
16.in the centre of
17.a perfect place for a summer holiday
18.prefer to do sth.
19. 与B相比,更喜欢A
20.prefer doing A to doing B
21.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
22.Why not do sth.?
21.by hand
22.get away from
23.imagine that...
24.tell sb. about sth.
25.It is+距离+from sp.
26.go on a trip
27. 迫不及待做某事
28.national park
29.find out
30.a protected area of nature
31. 建立
32.endangered animals
33.be covered by/with
34. 是……的家园
35.from all over the world
36.in the wild
37.all year round
38.go hiking/go boating
39.in the middle of
四.重点句子背默
1.France is of the most visited in the world. 法国是世界上游客最多的国家之一
2.it is a beautiful country .这是一个历史和文化丰富的美丽国家。
3.Paris is the city of France. It in the north of the country, 巴黎是法国的首都。它位于国家的北部
4.Here you will 在这里,你会发现许多名胜古迹
5.This is if you want to visit some world-famous department stores. 如果你想去一些世界著名的百货公司,这是最好的地方。
6.If you prefer France in winter, you can go in the French Alps.如果你喜欢在冬天去法国旅游,你可以去法国的阿尔卑斯山滑雪。
7. visit France this year?为什么今年不去法国旅游呢?
8.It is France. 这是我去法国旅行的第一天。
9.We for a long time to get in, but we are still very to see the famous artworks inside.我们需要排队很长一段时间才能进去,但我们仍然很兴奋地看到里面的著名艺术品。
10. see and do before I Provence on Wednesday!在我星期三去普罗旺斯之前,有很多事情要看和要做!
11.70% of the park forest and its highest mountain is 5.588 m high.公园70%的面积被森林覆盖,最高峰海拔5.588米
12.This park over 1.600 wild giant pandas. 这个公园是1.600多只野生大熊猫的家园。
13.Every year, visitors from come to see the cutest bears on Earth.每年,来自世界各地的游客都会来看地球上最可爱的熊。
14.Yellowstone is in the world. 黄石国家公园是世界上最古老的国家公园。
15.The park gets each year.这个公园每年有几百万游客。
16.People are always by the pillarlike mountains in Zhangjiajie, but how did these unique mountains take ? 人们总是对张家界的环形山脉感到惊讶,但是这些独特的山脉是如何形成的呢?
17.Many of the world's rivers sand and slowly it into the ocean. 世界上许多河流捡起沙子并慢慢地运入海洋。
18. , new sand arrives on the sea floor, so the old sand gets .渐渐地,新的沙子来到了海底,所以旧的沙子被压了下来。
19.It can take years, but the pressures lowly the sand hard rock. 这可能需要数百万年的时间,但较低的压力可能会把沙子变成坚硬的岩石。
20.The wind kept against the rock, and rivers through the cracks. 风不停地吹向岩石,河流穿过裂缝。
21.These forces of nature slowly deeper and deeper,and the continued to rise.这些自然的力量慢慢地切割得越来越深,土地继续上升。
22. , wind and water continue the mountains.事实上,风和水继续侵蚀着山脉。
23.Sometime in the future, millions of years now.these beautiful mountains will .在未来的某个时候,数百万年后,这些美丽的山脉将会消失。
五.易错点背默
考点1.France
France n. 法国
French 作名词时,意为“法语”;作形容词时,意为“法国的;”。
【注意】作“法国人”,Frenchman 复数 Frenchmen
Europe n. 欧洲
European adj. 欧洲的 n. 欧洲人
Country国家
People人
Language语言
单数
复数
China(中国)
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Japan(日本)
Japanese
Japanese
Japanese
America(美国)
American
Americans
English
England(英格兰)
English/Englishman
English/Englishmen
English
France(法国)
Frenchman
Frenchmen
French
Germany(德国)
German
Germans
German
1.He is from __________ and he is __________.
A. Chinese; China B. China; Chinese C. Chinese; Chinese D. China; China
2.The girl is from________ and she is ________.
A. Japan; Japanese B. English; England C. American; America D. Chinese; China
3. I don ’t come from ____, but I am good at ____.
A. French, France B. France, French C. French, French D. France, France
考点2 lie的用法
(1)作为动词,意为“平躺;撒谎;位于”。作“躺”解时,其过去式和过去分词分别为lay, lain;作“撒谎”解时,其过去式和过去分词分别是lied, lied。其现在分词都是lying。
My grandmother likes lying in the sun.我奶奶喜欢躺在太阳底下。
Tom likes lying to others. 汤姆喜欢跟他人撒谎。
My hometown lies in the east of the city. 我的家乡位于城市东部。
(2)作为名词,意为“谎言”。常用于tell a lie/lies to sb.意为“跟某人撒谎”。
Nobody likes Tom because he is always telling lies to people.
没有人喜欢汤姆,因为他总是喜欢跟人们撒谎。
1.He is ________ ________ ________ ________(躺在床上) and watching TV.
2.If you don't feel very well, you should ________ ________ (躺下来) and have a rest.
3.不要对我撒谎。Don’t me.
4.他从不说谎。He never _____________
5 猫正卧在炉火旁。The cat is____________ by the fire.
考点3.be famous for/as
be famous for 表示“因……而出名”,通常用于描述一个人、地方或事物因其特定的特征、技能、产品或其他原因而闻名。例如:
He is famous for his great inventions.他因伟大的发明而出名。
Hangzhou is famous for its beautiful scenery.杭州因美丽的风景而出名.
be famous as 表示“作为……而出名”,通常用于描述一个人因其职业或身份而出名,或一个地方因其特定的功能或角色而出名。例如:
Napoleon was famous as a soldier.拿破仑以其军事才能而著称。
Mark Twain was famous as a children's story writer.马克·吐温作为儿童故事作家而著称。
——I’ll travel to France next week. What do you want me to buy for you in France?
——Some wine. France ________ its wine.
A. is interested in B. is famous for C. is good at D. is famous as
考点4.such as
such as意为“例如”,用来“罗列”同类人或物中的几个例子,可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,但
such as后边不能用逗号。
例如:
I have many hobbies such as reading, dancing and singing. 我有很多爱好,如读书,跳舞和唱歌。
Many of the English programs are welcome, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science. 其中有许多英语节目很受欢迎,例如《跟我学》《跟我学科学》。
English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.许多国家说英语,如澳大利亚加拿大等。
拓展:for example也意为“例如”,但是强调“举例”说明,而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语,且用逗号隔开。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。
There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.有许多种污染方式,例如噪音就是一种污染。
Many students like playing computer games,for example,Mike.许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏,比如迈克。
用for example, such as或like填空
1) He studies hard. _______________, he does his homework every night.
2)The boy likes vegetables, _______________ , cabbages.
3) Mary is __________ her father.
4)He can speak four languages, ____________ Chinese and English.
5) English is spoken in many countries, _____________Australia and Canada.
考点5.match 与……相配
Your shoes do match your dress. 你的鞋子确实和你的裙子相配。
(1)match with (使)和……相匹配
This ribbon does not match with my hat. 这条丝带和我的帽子不相配。
Match 名词。火柴; 比赛; 竞赛
Are you ready for the match ?你准备好比赛了吗?
The doors were painted blue to m __ the walls.
考点6.be rich in
be rich in “含有丰富的”
1.The country is known to be rich in natural resources. 据了解,这个国家有丰富的自然资源
2. She is rich in the inner feelings.她内心的感情丰富。。
3.Coca Cola is considered to be rich in sugar.人们认为可口可乐的含糖量很高。
广泛阅读,你会得到丰富的知识Read widely and you'll_______ ______ _______ knowledge.
考点7.prefer
(1)prefer是及物动词,意思是“更喜欢、比较喜欢”,相当于like better。例如:
Which do you prefer(=like better), rice or bread? 你比较喜欢哪一样,米饭还是面包?
(2)由prefer构成的短语:
1) prefer A to B意为“喜欢A胜过B、比起B来更喜欢A”,此短语中A和B的形式一样,可以是名词、代词或者动名词,但必须两个词形式统一。例如:
We prefer apples to oranges. 比起桔子来我们更喜欢苹果。
My grandma prefers taking a walk to sitting in front of the TV.我奶奶宁愿去散步而不愿看电视。
2) prefer to do something rather than do something意为“宁愿做某事,而不愿意做某事。”
此短语中prefer 的后面用动词不定式,than的后面用省略to的动词不定式。例如:
They prefer to stay at home and watch TV, rather than go out for a walk. 他们宁愿呆在家里看电视,也不愿意出去散步。
1.我宁愿看书也不愿看电视。(翻译)
2.I prefer _______ rather than _______ TV.
A.to read;watch B.to reading;watch
C.to read;watching D.to reading;watching
考点8.set up
set up建立、设立、
They set up a new business together. 他们一起创办了一家新企业。
The organization was set up to support local artists. 该组织成立是为了支持本地艺术家
set构成的短语
拓展:set off for + 地点 出发前往某地
set off on a new journey 动身踏上新旅程
set off 动身;出发;点燃 (set off fireworks 放烟火set off the alarm 使警报响起)
set up 开办;建立
set down 写下;制定
set an example (to…) 给…树立榜样
set sb. free 释放某人
a set of sth 一套...;一组...
-- The government of Hefei plans to _________ more nature parks in 5 years.
-- Sounds good.
A. set up B. use up C. look up D. pick up
考点9cover
1.作为动词,
cover的基本含义是“覆盖”,指用某物遮盖在另一物体上面。例如:
1.Please cover the table with a cloth. 请用布盖住桌子。
2.The highway was covered with snow. 公路被雪覆盖着。
cover还可以表示“包含”或“涉及”。例如:
1.These regulations cover such cases. 这些规定适用于这类情况。
2.His reading covers a wide range of subjects. 他阅读的书籍涉及多种学科。
cover还有“采访、报道”的意思。例如:
Jack covered the Gulf War for CNN then. 杰克当时替美国有线新闻电视网报导海湾战争。
2.作为名词,cover可以指“封面”或“报道”。例如:
The magazine had an interesting cover story.
这本杂志有一篇有趣的封面报道。
be covered with 是被动语态形式,表示“被...覆盖”而强调覆盖的状态,例如:
The road is covered with snow. 这条路被雪覆盖了。(强调的状态)
The mountain tops are covered with snow. 白雪覆盖着山顶。(强调的状态)
be covered by 侧重于被动的动作,表示某物被另一物覆盖,强调覆盖的动作或过程。例如,
These expenses are covered by the state.
这些费用由国家承担。这句话强调的是国家承担费用的动作。
1.妈妈用一块布将桌子覆盖起来。(完成句子)
Mother_________the table_______a piece of cloth.
2.冬天到了。大地覆盖着厚厚的白雪。(完成句子)
Winter comes, the land _______ _____ _______thick white snow.
3. 一位记者正在采访全红禅
A journalist________ ________ Quan Hongchan
考点10.“Why not...?” 的用法
“Why not...?”句型用于 提出建议,Why not后跟动词原形,同义句型为:Why don’t you...?
【典例分析】
1.—I’m tired out after three-day work day and night.
—_____ relax yourself? Go out and enjoy the natural beauty
A. Why not B. Why don’t C. What about D. Shall we
2.为什么不去旅游呢?
_________ ____________go travelling. =_________ ____________ _________go travelling.
考点11.discover
discover v. 发现;找到;发觉
【例句】
The new star was discovered by a Chinese scientist. 这颗新星是一位中国科学家发现的。
【辨析】find,discover与invent
find侧重于指找到丢失或遗忘的东西或人;
discover指发现某种情况或发现早已存在而未为人知的东西;
invent则表示发明以前不存在的东西。
用find, discover和invent的适当形式填空
1.Gilbert ___________ electricity and Edison ___________the electric light bulb.
2.Cai Lun ___________ the paper.
3.We’ve ________________ a solution to the problem
考点12.endangered濒危的
(1) danger n. 危险 in danger 处于危险中 out of danger 脱离危险
(2) endanger v. 危及;使遭受危险
(3) dangerous adj. 危险的
1.The girl is in . 这个女孩处于危险之中。
2.It is to play with fire. 玩火是危险的。
3.Pandas are animals.熊猫是濒危动物
考点13.finish
finish v. 完成
finish后面可接名词或v.-ing形式,有时可用作不及物动词,如:
finish此处用作不及物动词, 意为“完成; 做好“.
例:Hisworkfinishesat5:00.他5点下班。
【拓展】能接v.-ing作宾语的动词还有:practice; enjoy; mind; keep等。
practice doing sth. 练习做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
mind doing sth.介意做某事 keep doing sth. 一直做某事
like doing sth 喜欢做某事
1. 你几点吃完晚饭?
What time do you _______ _______?
2.我通常七点之前做完运动。
I usually _______ _______ _______ before 7:00.
3. 吉姆通常在8点前完成他的家庭作业,
Jim usually _________ _________ his homework before 8: 00
考点14.by hand
by hand by此处用作介词,意为“(表示方式、手段等)用;靠” o
by:① “在……的旁边”,表示位置,=near,beside 。
There is an old house by the lake. 在湖旁有一座老房子。
② “从……的旁边经过路过”,表示移动方向。
An old friend passed by me without stopping.一位老朋友从我身边经过,没有停留。
③ “不迟于,在……之前”,
You must finish the work by Friday.
④ “ 通过,用”,表示方法手段。如:
I learn English by listening to the radio. 我通过听收音机学英语。
⑤ “被,由,受”,用于被动语态。如:
The cake is eaten by the boy. 这块蛋糕被那个小男孩吃了。
一、指出下列各句‘by’的用法
1.There is a house by the river.
2.An old friend passed by me without stopping.
3.You must finish this work by Friday
4.I learn English by listening to the radio.
5.The cake was eaten by that little boy
考点15.step
step n. (a)台阶
(b) 脚步
(c) 步骤
v. 迈步;跨步
(1)step by step 一步一步地
(2)take steps 采取措施
She walked on a few steps. 她继续走了几步。
Neil Armstrong became the first man to step on the Moon. 尼尔·阿姆斯特朗成了登月第一人。
【拓展】
(1)step by step 一步一步地
We should finish our plan step by step. 我们要一步一步地去完成我们的计划。
(2)watch your step 注意脚下
Watch your step before you get in. 当你进来时注意脚下。
(3)take steps 采取措施
We should take steps to stop war. 我们应当采取措施制止战争。
1.We should take _____________ (step)to make our study better.
考点16.one of+the或其他限定词+形容词最高级+名词复数
“one of+the或其他限定词+形容词最高级+名词复数”指在某一范围内“最……之一”,该结构做主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
【典例分析】
1.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
The Changjiang River is _______ ________ ________ _________ _________ in the world.
2.他是我们班最优秀的学生之一。
He ________ ________ ________ _________ _________ ________ in our class
考点17.be home to
be home to 这个短语在英语中表示“对某物而言是故乡、家园、栖息地或产地”。它是一个形容词短语,home前面不需要冠词。例如,Vienna is home to Mozart 表示维也纳是莫扎特的故乡.
New York is home to the global finance industry.纽约是世界金融业的中心。
The Earth is home to both animals and humans地球是动物和人类的家园
1.地球是动物和人类的家园
The Earth _____________both animals and humans
考点18.in the north (south / east / west) of ... 在……的北部(南部 / 东部 / 西部)。
辨析:
in the + 方位名词 + of ..., 指在某一范围内的地区;
to the + 方位名词 + of ..., 指互不接壤的两个地区;
on the + 方位名词 + of ..., 指接壤的两个地区。如:
in
表示在地点内部
on
表示两地接壤
to
表示两地相隔
用适当介词填空
1. Hong Kong is________ the south of China.
2. Japan is _________the east of China.
3. Canada is________ the north of the US.
六.语法点记忆
一、专有名词
英语中的专有名词表示特定的人名、地名、机构或组织名、书名、节日名或者日期名等的专用名称。
专有名词前一般不加冠词,并且每个单词的首字母都需要大写,但其中的虚词,如冠词、介词等的首字母一般不大写,也可以将所有的字母都大写。注意,普通名词构成的专有前面需要加定冠词。
1.名词的分类
英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:
1.专有名词指特定的或独一无二的人或物(人名、地名、节日、星期、月份、国家名、景观名)。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
如:Beijing, Tom, English,the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)
人名:Tom,Peter,Mr Yang
地名:Europe,New York,People’s Square
节日、月份、星期:Christmas,February,Saturday
注意:有些单词字母的大小写不同,词义也不一样。如:
Rose罗斯(姓名)——rose玫瑰花
China中国——china陶瓷或中国(不特指)
2.普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。
如:pupil, family, man, foot.
普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如:box, child, orange;a dog,two dogs,100 dogs
不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information .
用量词来计数不可数名词: A glass of water
区分单词可数不可数
可数名词:像表示人或事物的名词和集体名词等。
不可数名词:物质名词或抽象名词。(液体,空气,粉末状)
常见的不可数名词:bread,rice,milk,water,air,advice,homework,money等。
2.专有名词的分类
(1). 表示人名,姓和名要分开,首字母都要大写。如:Tom, Tim Smith, Xu Haitao。
(2). 表示地名、国名。如:France, the United Nations, the Great Wall。
(3). 表示组织,机构名。如 the World Trade Organization,
(4). 表示星期、月份。如:Monday, January, October。
(5). 表示节日。如:the Spring Festival,Christmas, New Year。
(6). 表示书名、文章名。如:Oxford English, My Summer Holiday。
3.专有名词的特征
(1). 一般情况下,专有名词的第一个字母要大写,前面不用不定冠词“a”或“an”,通常没有复数形式。
(2). 组织结构和中国传统的节日前,要加冠词The。
(3). 国家名是由多个名词组成,要加冠词the. 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the.
(4). 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示某一家人(复数含义)。如the Greens (格林一家)
( ) 1. Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on ______ Day.
A. woman B. Women C. Woman’s D. Women’s
( ) 2. --- I want to go for a traveling during ________ Spring Festival.
--- Hainan is a perfect place_____ a holiday.
A. the; for B. a at C. the; on D. an; for
( ) 3. --- Do you know when______ was established
--- It was established ______ 1945.
A. the United Nation, on B. the United Nation; in
C. the United Nations; in D. the United Nations; on
二.连词(非从句连词)种类总结
并列
and
和,并且
My father and mother went for a walk.
both..and...
…和…;(两者)都
Both my father and my mother are teachers.
neither…nor...
既不...也不...
Neither my father nor my mother is a doctor.
not only...but also
不但….,而且 …
She is not only a singer but also a dancer.
as well as
既…,又 …
She can speak German as well as English.
转折
but
但是
He goes to school not by bus,but on foot.
however
然而(逗号隔开)
It's cold.However,we should go there.
while
然而(对比关系)
I like tea,while she likes coffee.
选择
or
或者;还是
Would you like fish or pork?
either...or...
或者...或者...
Either you or I can get the computer.
结果
so
因此;所以
I am late,so I will take a taxi to work.
1. and表示并列,意思为“和,并且”,用于连接形容词、副词、名词、动词或句子。除and以外,还有both......and......, not only......but also, neither......nor等。如:
①She is beautiful and she is kind. 她很漂亮,她也很善良。
②She is a student, and she is a good girl. 她是一名学生,她也是一位好女孩。
③Both the teacher and the students come. 老师和学生都来了。
④Not only the teachers but also the students come. 不仅老师们,学生们也来了。
⑤Neither the teachers nor the students come.老师们和学生们都没来。
【拓展】
“祈使句+and+陈述句”表示条件与结果,可与句型“If条件句+主句”互换使用。如:
Work hard and your future is not a dream.= If you work hard, your future is not a dream.
2.but 意为“但是”,表示转折关系, 所接的成分意思相反或者相近,类似的连词还有while, however。注意 but 后面不能连接“,”,而“however”后必须用“,”,且“but”不能和 though/although 用在同一个句子里。如:
She likes singing, but she doesn’t like sports. 她喜欢唱歌,但是她不喜欢运动。
He loves the story, but I don’t love it. 他喜欢这个故事,但是我不喜欢。
Though/Although he loves the story, but I don’t love it. (语法错误)
It’s an old car, but it’s reliable. 它是一部很旧的汽车,但它是可以信赖的。
Wu Lei is so lazy but he studies very well. 吴磊很懒,但是学习很好。
3. so 意为“因此、所以”,表示因果关系,类似的还有thus, therefore等。用作连词时,so可以独立引导并列分句,therefore/thus前必须有分号或者破折号隔开才能引导并列分句。注意 so 不能和 because 用在同一个句子里。如:
He got up late, so he didn’t catch the school bus. 他起晚了,所以没有赶上校车。
He is fat, so he can’t run fast. 他很胖,所以他跑不快。
Because he is fat, so he can’t run fast. (语法错误)
It begins to rain, so we gave up the camp. 天开始下雨了,所以我们放弃露营了。
The teacher is right; Therefore, we all support him. 老师是对的,所以我们都支持他。
4.or 意为“或者、否则”,也可以用来连接两个句子,表示选择关系。如:
You can stay here, or you can leave. 你可以待在这里,也可以离开。
Get up early, or you’ll be late。早点起床,否则你会迟到。
Which do you prefer, this one or that one?你更喜欢哪一个,这个还是那个?
注:当 or 表示“和”时,用于否定句或疑问句中;而 and 用于肯定句中。
【拓展】
“祈使句+ or+陈述句”表示“否则”
Hurry up, or you will be late.= If you don’t hurry up, you will be late.
1. Study hard you will pass the exam.
2. It was snowing, I could not go out.
3. I like the computer very much, it is too expensive. I can’t afford it.
4. My favourite subjects are art Chinese.
5. It is very cold, those students are still having P.E. class in the playground.
6. My mother is ill, I have to stay at home and look after her.
7.在红岭中学,老师和学生都很努力。
In Hongling Middle school, teachers students are hard-working.
8.大熊猫经常吃竹子,但是他们也吃其他的植物。
Giant pandas usually eat bamboo they also eat other plants.
9.我在景德镇看到了许多陶器店,因此我买了几个手绘的茶壶。
I saw many pottery shops in Jingdezhen, I bought several freehand sketching.
七.写作背默
本单元以“旅行”为话题。通过本单元(Travelling around the world)学会介绍自己就家乡和你喜欢的旅游景点。以国家,城市及家乡景点介绍为主线,设置的写作题目可能与国家,城市或家乡景点的介绍有关。在写作的时候,我们要从历史,文化,地理位置,名胜等方面进行描述。写作注意以下几点:
一、目标语言:一般现在时态,关于旅行地点介绍的单词和短语。
二、内容可以包括以下几个方面:
1.旅游的目的地(地理位置,总体特色)
2.名胜古迹。(自然景观,人文历史)
3.美食特色。
4.交通。
5.文娱活动。
6.住宿,购物体验等。
一.好词背默
1.旅游travel/trip
2. 导游guide
3. 游客visitor/tourist
4. 酒店hotel
5. 短途旅程ride
6. 参观visit
7. 护照passport
8. 照相机camera
9. 背包backpack
10. 帐篷tent
11. 到国外abroad
12. 票;车票ticket
13. 风景sight
14. 景色scene
15. 单人的single
16. 双人的double
17. 令人放松的relaxing
18. 在某处somewhere
19. 乘客 passenger
20. 司机driver
二、佳句欣赏与运用
◆谚语类
1.Travel broadens the mind.旅游开阔眼界。
2.He who travels far knows more.远行者见识广。
3.Read ten thousand books and travel ten thousand miles.读万卷书,行万里路。
◆旅游类
1. 法国是世界上访问人数最多的国家之一France is one of the most visited countries in the world
2.法国是一个历史悠久、文化丰富的国家。France is a beautiful country rich in history and culture
3. 如果你想去参观一些世界著名的百货商店,这是最好的地方。This is the best place to go if you want to visit some world famous department stores
4.这是夏天度假的完美地方。It is the perfect place for a summer holiday.
5.它位于法国东南海岸,以其美丽的海滩而闻名。It lies on France's south-east coast and is famous for its wonderful beaches.
6.法国适合所有人,所以为什么不今年去法国呢?France has something for everyone, so why not visit France this year?
7.我们一到达…… 就被…… 吸引了。As soon as we arrived at..., we were attracted by...
8.我们参观了很多名胜古迹,比如……We visited many places of interest, such as...
9. I will never forget my first trip to Beijing, which was really an unforgettable experience for me. 我永远不会忘记第一次去北京的旅行, 对我来说这是一次难忘的经历。
10. There are several green ways of transportation available such as going out by bike or underground.
有几种绿色出行的方法可行, 例如骑单车或坐地铁。
11. Traveling can not only enrich our knowledge about the local culture but also make us get relaxed and keep healthy. 旅游不但能够丰富我们对当地文化的认识, 也能够让我们放松和保持健康。
写作指导
三亚有“中国夏威夷”的美称,每年都吸引了大量的外国游客。假设你去年暑假来过此地,请你描述旅游的经历,给外国游客提供旅游参考。内容可包括:天气、风光、活动、感受等。
要求:
1.必须涵盖以上要点,并适当发挥;
2.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息;
3.词数100左右。
参考词汇:Yalong Bay亚龙湾
【审题指导】本篇作文要求描述你去三亚旅游的一次经历,全篇时态以一般过去时为主,以第一人称和第二人称的口吻进行叙述。介绍旅游经历时,须从天气、风光、活动、感受等方面进行叙述。
【写作导图】
【作文失分点与句子升格】
◎失分点
“旅游”类作文是全国各地中考的高频话题之一,也属于叙事类作文。一般来说,易失分的地方主要有:
1.学生对旅游景点不太熟悉,在提示信息不充分的情况下,学生往往不知所措;
2.学生在写作时,语言缺乏组织性,跳跃性太大,没有一定的逻辑条理;
3.对旅游过程中的见闻没有做到细心观察,表述时说不出所以然。
◎句子升格(答案均在【佳作欣赏】中加粗体现)
1. I arrived there.I saw beautiful sights.(用“as soon as”和“catch one's eyes”改写句子)
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2.We also collected shells along the soft beaches.We had fun.(用“have fun doing sth.”将两句合并为一句)
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3.The people impressed me the most.I also want to mention that.(用“Another thing I'd like to mention is that…”升格句子)
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4.You will find it is the most suitable place for vacation after you visit Sanya.(用“if引导的条件状语从句”和“nowhere is+比较级+than”结构升格句子)
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