Unit 6 Sunshine for all【速记清单】-2024-2025学年八年级英语下册单元速记·巧练（牛津译林版）

Unit 6 Sunshine for all Unit6 话题 介绍志愿服务的计划或者安排 词汇 1. train v. → training (n.) 训练，培训 2. blind adj. → blindness(n.) 3. home n. →homeless (adj.) 无家可归的 4. ability n. → disability (反义词) 5. confident adj. →confidence (n.) 6. close adj. → closely(adv.) 7. organize v. → organization(n.) 组织 8. survive v. → survivor (n.) 9. operate v. → operation (n.) 10. introduce v. → introduction (n.) 短语 1.训练成为...train to be... 2.为奥运会做志愿者volunteer for the Olympic 3.没有住的地方not have places to live 4.写信给当地政府write to local government 5. 一个年迈的人an elderly person 6.给一个做某事的机会give a chance to do sth. 7.与...相似be similar to 8.放弃做某事give up doing sth. 9. 给运动员提供支持provide support for athelets 10. 天生具有...be born with 11. 实现某人梦想achieve one's dream 12.做某事有困难have trouble in doing 13.给某人献血donate blood to sb. 14.改善他们的生活improve their lives 15.节约我们的零花钱save our pocket money 16.了解不同的文化learn about different cultures 17.帮助我们的大脑放松help our mind relax 18.一种严重的血液病a serious blood disease 19.给某人做手术have an operation on sb. 20.丧生lose one's life 句型 1. I’m training to be a volunteer for the Olympic Games. 我在训练成为一名奥林匹克运动会的志愿者。(P78) 2.It’s meaningful to do something for the Olympics.为奥运会做事情是很有意义的。（p78） 3.I need some more food to eat at work.我工作时需要再多吃一些食物。（p78） 4.Homeless people don’t have their own places to live. 无家可归的人们没有自己住的地方。（p79） 5.It was very brave of him to join the competition. 他参加竞赛真的很勇敢。（p81） 语法 It’s +adj+of或for+sb+to do的用法 写作 介绍志愿服务的经历和感受 考点1. train v. 接受训练；培训，训练 train to be/as...训练成为... train sb/sth to do sth 训练某人或某物做某事 ①train作及物动词，意为“训练，培训”。 ②train作可数名词，意为“火车”。 ③training不可数名词，意为“训练”。  E.g: The police train dogs to be/as “detectives”(侦探) to help with some cases. These girls will train as nurses(接受护士培训) after they finish school. To break the record, these players train for (为了..训练)the match all day and night. 【经典练】 1．—I didn’t find Sarah. Where was she? —She ________ for the coming football match on the playground. A．was training B．will train C．is training D．trained 2．Look! The boys ________ hard on the playground. A．are training B．train C．is training D．trained 考点2. support v. 支持 support sb. in（doing）sth. “在（做）某事上支持某人”。 ①support 作不可数名词，意为“支持，拥护”。 ②supporter可数名词，意为“支持者，拥护者”。 【经典练】 1．—In the old days, most teenagers had to work for the landlord (地主) in the field to help ________ their families, because their families couldn’t ________ education for them. —What a pity! A．support; supply B．afford; support C．support; afford 2．Doctor Liu is very thankful ________ his family’s ________. A．of, support B．for, support C．of, supports D．for, supports 3．—Why do you want to ________ learning to play the guitar? —Because I can’t get ________ from my parents. They want me to spend more time studying. A．start to; help B．give up; support C．get down; skill 考点3.blind/deaf/disabled(P79) (1)blind名词形式:blindness deaf名词形式:deafness disabled名词形式:disability 拓展:①He is always deaf to what I tell him and it make me quite angry. 对...充耳不闻 ②在中文里我们所说“他左耳失聪”，主语是“耳朵”，在英语中我们常用下列句式： E.g: 他右耳朵失聪。He is deaf in his right ear. 【经典练】 1．Let’s help the old man cross the road. He is blind. A．can’t see B．can’t hear C．can’t talk 2．It’s reported that our government plans to provide more houses for _______ in cities. A．the disabled B．the blind C．the deaf D．the homeless 3．________ the car accident, he became ________. A．Because of; disabled B．Because of; disable C．Because; disabled 考点4. need ①作及物动词，意为“需要；需求” need to do need doing=need to be done ②作情态动词，意为“需要”，没有人称和数的变化 Need I hand in my homework now? ③作名词，意为“需要；需求”。 We have no need to be afraid of them. 【经典练】 1．My daughter _________ any help. She can dress herself. A．doesn’t need B．needn’t C．needs to D．doesn’t need to 2．You ________ worry about your lessons. I will help you. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．don’t need D．needn’t 3．The little boy ________ to go far if he ________ help with his homework because he can ask his teacher for help online. A．needn’t; needs B．doesn’t need; need ​ C．needn’t; need D．doesn’t need; needs 考点5. provide/donate provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. donate sb. sth.=donate sth. to sb. 【经典练】 1．—Doing more sports can ________ you ________ the illness. —And a good mood can also ________ the illness. A．keep, on, protect B．keep, away from, prevent C．keep, off, provide 2．—The homeless ________ so poor that they have nowhere to live. —Exactly, but to our joy, the local government can ________ them with special places to stay. A．is; offer B．are; give C．are; provide D．is; afford 3．We’ll _______ some money by holding a charity show, then _______ it to poor students in the west. A．raise, donate B．donate, donate C．raise, raise D．donate, raise. 考点6.expect(80) (1)expect意为“指望，预料，期待”，基本结构: 期望某人做某事expect sb to do sth E.g: 你不能指望如此小的男孩搬得动这样的箱子。 You can’t expect such a little boy to carry this box. 【经典练】 1．The ________ of China-US high-level strategic dialogue (中美高层战略对话) is to solve differences and disagreement between two countries. China ________ the US to stop interference (干扰) and avoid confrontation (对抗). A．content, hopes B．purpose, expects C．meaning, wishes D．conclusion, warns 2．—Do you think Brazil will __________ Japan in the next match ? —Yes, they have better players , so I __________ them to win. A．beat, hope B．beat, expect C．win, expect D．win, hope 考点7.give up(80) (1)基本结构: 放弃做某事give up doing sth , 在口语中可意为“认输，投降，决裂” E.g: 王林已经决定改掉上课睡觉的坏习惯。 Wang Lin has decided to give up the bad habit of sleeping in class. (2)补充短语： To be stronger , you shouldn’t give in when something difficult happens to you. On rainy days, the wet clothes give off a bad smell that makes you feel unpleasant. 【经典练】 1．Your health will be worse and worse if you don’t give up ________. A．to drink B．drinking C．drink D．drinks 2．He used to ________ a sweet tooth, but now he has been used to ________ all the desserts. A．have, drop B．having, give up C．have, giving up 考点8. volunteer ①作不及物动词，意为“志愿做，义务做”；后可接动词不定式，意为“志愿/自愿做某事”。 ②volunteer还可作可数名词，意为“志愿者”。 ③voluntary形容词，意为“义务的，志愿的”。 【经典练】 1．—Are you ? —Yes, we always our time to help the disabled. A．volunteers; volunteer B．volunteer; volunteers C．volunteer; volunteer D．volunteers; volunteers 2．Richard is so busy ________ these days that he has no time to go to the gym as usual. A．volunteer B．to volunteer C．volunteering D．volunteers 考点9. chance可数名词，意为“机会”，强调偶然性。 give sb. a chance to do sth. 意为“给某人一个做某事的机会”， have a chance to do sth. 意为“有做某事的机会”。 【经典练】 1．Homeless children have ________ to go to school. A．no chance B．a good chance C．chance 2．Li Lei plans ________ English for fifteen minutes every day and his parents think it’s a good ________ to improve his English. A．read; chance B．reading ; situation C．to read; choice D．reading; practice 考点10. include/including include及物动词，意为“包括；包含”。不能用于进行时态。 Zhu Ziqing’s works include poetry and prose. including介词，意为“包括；包含”。 Jim has three pencil-cases, including the old one. 【经典练】 1．Jimmy bought a lot of books yesterday, ________ an English novel. A．include B．including C．included D．to include 2．—Do his pets________ the cat? —Yes. He has three pets, ________this one. A．include; include B．include; including C．including; including D．including; include 考点11. coach ①作可数名词，意为“教练”，其复数形式为coaches。 ②作及物动词，意为“训练，指导”。 ③作可数名词，意为“客车，长途汽车”。 【经典练】 1．Last weekend, we took ________ tour by ________ coach to the Summer Palace. A．a; an B．a; / C．the; / D．/; the 考点12. born be born with意为“生来具有…”。 be born to do...意为“天生适合做…”。 【经典练】 1．—It’s said that people ________ in the Year of the Dog are loyal. —Yes, it ________ true. A．born; may be B．were born; may be C．born; maybe D．were born; maybe 2．Everyone _______ the ability to speak a language. As long as you hear it and see it every day, you can speak it well. A．is born with B．is surprised at C．is interested in 考点13. confident adj. 自信的 be confident of sth. 对…有信心 【经典练】 1．The judges all agreed that Ann spoke of all the students in the debate. A．confidently B．more confidently C．very confidently D．most confidently 2．We may meet all kinds of difficulties in the future, but we should be ________ to ________ any challenge. A．confident enough; put on B．enough confident; get on C．confident enough; take on D．enough confident; try on 考点 14.get/achieve 9.You get to help them achieve their dreams. (P81) (1)get to do sth 意为 “逐步做…”，强调事情发展的过程。 E.g: 交流是逐步了解彼此最好的方式之一。 Communication is one of the best ways to get to know each other. (2)achieve意为“实现，达到”，另外重要的含义：“取得，获得”，名词形式achievement E.g: Working out a hard math problem will bring me a sense of achievement (成就感). Make a plan for everything you’d like to do and achieve each goal(实现每个目标)step by step. 【经典练】 1．I’m happy ______ a new guitar. A．to get B．get C．gets D．getting 2．________ our dream, we should work hard and never give up. A．Achieve B．Achieved C．Achieving D．To achieve 3．—How can I ________ my dream, Mr. Brown? —Working hard is the only way to make your dream ________. A．achieve; come true B．come true; achieve C．achieve; achieve 考点15. trouble have trouble（in）doing sth. 做某事费力（或有麻烦） have difficulty doing sth. 做某事有困难 have problems doing sth. 做某事有问题 【经典练】 1．—Jenny is a good friend indeed. She is always there whenever I am ________. —I think so. She is just like the cute Baymax (大白) . A．in person B．in public C．in trouble 2．I’m sorry I am late. I hope I didn’t cause you ________. A．too much trouble B．so many troubles C．much too trouble D．so more troubles 考点16. a little/little/a few/few/a bit/a bit of a little，“一点点”，修饰不可数名词。 little，“几乎没有一点”，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意义。 a few，“一点儿”，修饰可数名词复数。 few，“很少的，几乎没有的”，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义。 a bit，“有点，稍微”，修饰形容词或副词，表程度。 a bit of，“有一点儿”，修饰不可数名词。 【经典练】 1．—What’s in the fridge? —There is ________ meat and ________ eggs. A．a little; a few B．a few; a few C．a few; a little 2．We have ________ apples to make a pie, but we still need some lemon juice. A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 考点17. operation n. 手术 do an operation on sb. 给某人做手术 operation还可作不可数名词，意为“运转，操作”。 in operation 运转中，操作中，实施中 【经典练】 1．—Who can operate this machine? —David. A．make ... dirty B．make ... clean C．make ... work 2．The doctors need ______ on the sick boy. A．operating B．to operate C．operate D．to be operated 考点18. such/so such作形容词，意为“如此，这样”，用来修饰名词（短语）。 such (+ a/an )+ 形容词 + 名词 so作副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。 so+形容词/副词 so+ 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数=such+ a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 so many/few/much/little +可数名词复数/不可数名词 【经典练】 1．— There are many cars on the roads. — Yes. They use ________ oil and cause ________ serious pollution. A．so much; such B．so much; so C．so many; so D．so many; such 2．Guess what? You won’t believe ________ little children can do ________ much work in a short time. A．such, such B．so, such C．so, so D．such, so 一．语法精讲 It’s +adj+of或for+sb+to do的用法 动词不定式作主语时，如果不定式短语较长，为了句子的平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句子的末尾。如： I went to Homes for the Elderly. It's fantastic to work as a volunteer. 常用句型如下： It is + adj. + to-infinitive It is + adj. + for … + to-infinitive It is + adj. + of … + to-infinitive ★★★一、动词不定式的用法 ★句型一：It is + adjective + to do something. We use “It is+adj.+to-infinitive” to express what we think about something.含义：“做某事是……的”。 如： It’s important to plant more trees. It’s necessary to keep parks clean. 注意：该句型中的形容词表示不定式所具备的特征或客观情况。常用的形容词有：cheap, convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, exciting, expensive, important, interesting, necessary, normal, possible, useful, wonderful等等。 ★句型二：It is + adjective + for sb. + to do sth. We use “It is+adj.+for…+to-infinitive” to specify who we are talking about.含义：“对某人来说做某事是……的” It’s important for people to learn good manners. It’s dangerous for children to play on the street. 注意：该句型中的形容词也是表示不定式所具备的特征或客观情况，和句型一相同。 ★句型三：It is + adjective + of sb. + to do sth. We use “It is+adj.+of…+to-infinitive” to express what we think of someone’s actions.含义：“某人做某事真是/太……了”。如： It is very nice of you to offer me a seat. It is careless of him to lose so many things. 注意：该句型中的形容词描述的是人的特征、品质。常用的形容词有：brave, careless, clever, foolish, generous, good, helpful, honest, kind, nice, polite, silly, stupid, wrong等等。 2、 单元写作 本单元写作要求同学们能用所学的词语和句型完成替他人寻求帮助的信。介绍的内容主要为需要帮助的人、具体情况以及我们提供帮助的方式等。在具体的写作中，学生应做到以下几点： 1. 开头介绍需要帮助的人； 2. 文章主体具体介绍需要帮助的人的信息、需要什么样的帮助和该怎样帮助； 3. 结尾感谢。 【词汇积累】 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ①…的目的the purpose of… ② 照顾take care of/look after ③关注pay attention to ④希望做某事hope to do sth ⑤筹款做某事raise money to do sth ⑥因某事感谢某人thank sb for sth ⑦零花钱pocket money ⑧浪费金钱a waste of money ⑨感到抱歉  feel sorry for ⑩捐赠give awa 【句式积累】 ※ 开头句 1.请注意！我想告诉你一些关于我们五月份志愿工作的计划。 1.Attention, please! I’d like to tell you something about our plan for the volunteer work in May. 2.一位一中八年级的学生需要我们的帮助！ 2.A Grade 8 student from Number One Middle School needs our help! 3、四班的学生将举办一场名为“帮助贫困地区的孩子”的慈善演出。 3.The students of Class 4 will hold a charity show called “Helping the Children in Poor Areas”. 4.我写信是想告诉你一个慈善活动。 4.I’m writing to tell you about a charity activity. 5.我们学校有很多志愿者。学生们被训练成志愿者，他们认为做志愿者很有意义。 5.There are many volunteers in our school. The students are trained to be volunteers, they think it is meaningful to work as volunteers. 6.每个人都需要帮助。我过去常常用零花钱买衣服和零食。 6.Everyone needs help. I used to buy clothes and snacks with my pocket money. 7.在生活中，当我们遇到问题时，我们需要帮助。与此同时，我们应该尽力帮助其他需要帮助的人。 7.In life, we need help when we have problems. At the same time, we should try to help others in need. 8.地震幸存者需要我们的帮助！ 8.Earthquake survivors need our help! ※ 中间句 1. 王磊在学校学习很努力，他是最优秀的学生之一。 Wang Lei works hard at school and he is one of the top students. 2.我希望我们大家都能给他捐款。 I hope all of us can donate money to him. 3.这场演出的目的是为希望工程筹集资金，帮助贫困地区的孩子们。 The purpose of the show was to raise money for Project Hope to help the children in poor areas. 4.它的目的是帮助那些太穷而不能上学的孩子。 Its aim is to help the children who are too poor to go to school. 5.慈善演出的目的是要求人们照顾残疾儿童并重视特殊教育。 The aim of the charity show is to ask people to take care of disabled children and pay attention to special education. 6.我们希望更多的人帮助残疾儿童，为他们提供食物、衣服和学习机会，并为他们做更多的志愿工作。 We hope more people help disabled children by providing food, clothes and a chance to study for them and doing more voluntary work for them. 7.这个项目的目的是改善孩子们的生活，让他们接受免费教育。 The purpose of the show is to improve the lives of children and make them get free education. 8.全体师生及部分当地企业应邀参加。 All the teachers and students and some local businesses were invited to take part in it. ※ 结尾句 1.如果我们所有人都能伸出援手，他很快就会康复并返回学校。 If all of us can give a helping hand, he will get well soon and return to school. 2.我希望更多的人能够采取行动帮助更多的贫困儿童。 I hope more people can take action to help more poor children. 3.我将永远记得我能帮助贫困儿童改善生活的经历。 I’ll always remember the experience that I can help make the lives of poor children better. 4.最后，我们要感谢所有捐赠时间、物资和物资的人们的帮助和支持。 Finally, we’d like to thank all the people who have donated time, goods and materials for their help and support. 5.我认为，如果每个人都帮助有需要的人，这个世界就会充满爱。 I think if everyone helps people in need, the world will be full of love. 6.我希望能举办更多这样的活动。 I hope more activities like this will be held. 7. 让我们一起行动起来，帮助那些需要帮助的人，只有这样我们才能让我们的生活变得更好。 Let’s take action together to help the people who need help, only in this way can we make our life better. 8.我们所有人都应该伸出援手。众人拾柴火焰高。 All of us should give a helping hand. Many hands make light work. 【谚语积累】 1. We make a living by receiving, but we create a life by giving. 我们靠所得来谋生，但靠给予来创造生活。 2.Do not do it for the sake of small evil, and do not do it for the sake of small goodness. 勿因恶小而为之，勿因善小而不为。 3. Willing to help others on a regular basis, and in times of urgency, someone helps. 平时肯帮人，急时有人帮。 4.Don't forget the well digger when drinking water. 吃水不忘挖井人。 典例赏析： 1．假如你是班长，你负责制定你们班五月份的志愿者活动计划。请你写一篇80—100词的发言稿，代表班委会向全班的志愿者介绍一下该月的活动安排。 要求： 1. 活动计划中有两项内容需自拟。 2. 发言稿的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入要求词数。 时间 活动计划 5月10日 去火车站清理垃圾 5月17日 去养老院…… 5月24日 去人民公园…… 5月31日 帮助某社区的小学生学习，给他们讲故事 Attention, please! I’d like to tell you something about our plan for the volunteer work in May. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thank you. 【思路解读】 1.题干解读：题目要求写一篇发言稿，介绍五月份活动周的志愿者活动计划，要包含所有提示要点，并自拟两项内容。 2.写作指导：写作时要以第一人称为主，使用一般将来时来介绍活动安排。要做到要点齐全，具体某一天安排了哪些活动要写清楚。要做到无单词拼写和语法错误。 【满分作文】 Attention, please! I’d like to tell you something about our plan for the volunteer work in May. We’ll go to the train station to clean up the litter on May 10. On May 17, we’ll go to the old people’s home to help them wash their clothes and clean up their rooms. After that we’ll give performances to cheer them up. On May 24, we’ll go to the People’s Park to fix up bicycles and radios for people in need. We’ll go to Guangming Community near our school on May 31. We’ll help the children there study and tell them stories. I’m sure we’ll have a meaningful May. That’s all. Thank you. Unit 6　Sunshine for all 一、单词梳理 1.train vi.&vt. 接受训练;训练 2.support vt. 支持 3.meaningful adj. 有意义的 4.blind adj. 瞎的 5.deaf adj. 聋的 6.disabled adj. 残疾的 7.elderly adj. 年老的 8.homeless adj. 无家可归的 9.volunteer vi.&vt. 志愿做 10.expect vt.&vi. 期待 11.adult n. 成年人 12.intellectual adj. 智力的 13.disability n. 缺陷,障碍 14.chance n. 机会 15.event n. 比赛项目;大事 16.similar adj. 同样的,类似的 17.necessary adj. 必须的,必要的 18.task n. 任务,工作 19.athlete n. 运动员 20.coach n. 教练 21.gold n. 黄金;金牌 22.silver n. 银;银牌 23.confident adj. 自信的 24.background n. 背景 25.closely adv. 密切地 26.achieve vt. 实现;达到 27.prize n. 奖赏,奖品 28.donate vt. 捐献 29.charity n. 慈善;慈善机构 30.organization n. 机构,组织 31.blood　n.血 32.south-west adj.&adv.西南方 33.north-west adj.&adv.西北方 34.project n.项目, 工程,课题 35.introduction n.引言,介绍 36.disease n.疾病 37.operation n.手术 38.survivor n.幸存者 39.method n.方式,方法 二、短语梳理 1.奥林匹克运动会the Olympic Games  2.放弃 give up  3.再一些some more  4.给某人写信 write to sb.  5.作为一个志愿者as a volunteer  6.给某人一个机会give sb.a chance  7.与……相似 be similar to  8.一个游泳教练a swimming coach  9.为某人提供某物provide sth.for sb./ provide sb.with sth.  10.取得很大进步 make great progress  11.一个名叫李海的男孩 a boy called Li Hai  12.天生具有be born with  13.赢得金牌 win a gold  14.尽某人最大努力try one’s best  15.因为because of  16.亲密合作work closely with  17.实现某人的梦想achieve one’s dream/ make  one’s dream come true  18.和某人聊天chat with sb.  19.做某事有麻烦 have trouble (in) doing sth.  20.参加take part in  21.一位小学教师a primary school teacher  22.保持联系 keep in touch  23.在电话上交谈 talk on the phone  24.超过,多于 more than  25.作为……工作 work as  26.对……有帮助 be helpful to  27.用这种方式in this way  28.改善某人的生活 improve one’s life  29.在某人的日常生活中 in one’s daily life  30.零花钱 the pocket money  31.根据according to  32.采取行动 take action  33.一种严重的血液疾病 a serious blood disease  34.伸出援助之手 give a helping hand  35.足够的钱 enough money  三、句子梳理 1.为奥林匹克运动会做点事是有意义的。 It’s meaningful to do something for the Olympics. 2.无家可归的人没有他们自己住的地方。 Homeless people don’t have their own places to live. 3.现在他认为这是他一生中最惊奇的经历。 Now he thinks it was the most amazing experience of his life. 4.对于这些志愿者来说在做任务之前接受训练是有必要的。 It was necessary for these volunteers to receive training before doing the tasks. 5.你听说过国际智障者运动节吗? Have you heard of the international sports festival for people with intellectual disabilities? 6.我知道一些人为了这个运动项目提供无偿帮助。 I know some people offer to help without getting paid for the event. 7.周末在社区中心或图书馆作为志愿者而工作是有意义的。 It’s meaningful to work as volunteers at community centres or in libraries at the weekend. 8.自从上个月他就生病住院了。 He has been ill in hospital since last month. 9.对于这样一个手术,他们没有足够的钱。 They do not have enough money for such an operation. 10.然而,对于小微来讲尽快做这个手术是很重要的。 However, it is important for Xiao Wei to have the operation as soon as possible. 11.你伸出援助之手真是太好了。 It’s kind of you to give me a helping hand. 12.他在和同学相处方面有困难。 He has trouble getting on with his classmates. 用法集萃 1. feel like + n./doing sth.想要某物做某事，感觉像某物/做某事 2. expect (sb.)to do sth. 期待/指望/预料(某人)做某事 want (sb.)to do sth.想要某人做某事 3.give up doing sth.放弃做某事 4. get to do sth 有机会做某事 offer to do sth 主动做某事 5.make sb. do sth.使某人做某事 make sb.+形容词 使某人处于--状态 make oneself+过去分词 使某人自己被..... 6.need to do sth.需要做某事 need doing...需要被...... 7.take action to do sth.采取行动做某事 8.have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事费力 9. such a/an+adj +n.如此----的--- 10. It's+形容词+ (forsb）to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是...的。 11. that's why+从句 那是...的原因 12. What... for? 为什么..... $$ Unit 6 Sunshine for all Unit6 话题 介绍志愿服务的计划或者安排 词汇 1. train v. → training (n.) 训练，培训 2. blind adj. → blindness(n.) 3. home n. →homeless (adj.) 无家可归的 4. ability n. → disability (反义词) 5. confident adj. →confidence (n.) 6. close adj. → closely(adv.) 7. organize v. → organization(n.) 组织 8. survive v. → survivor (n.) 9. operate v. → operation (n.) 10. introduce v. → introduction (n.) 短语 1.训练成为...train to be... 2.为奥运会做志愿者volunteer for the Olympic 3.没有住的地方not have places to live 4.写信给当地政府write to local government 5. 一个年迈的人an elderly person 6.给一个做某事的机会give a chance to do sth. 7.与...相似be similar to 8.放弃做某事give up doing sth. 9. 给运动员提供支持provide support for athelets 10. 天生具有...be born with 11. 实现某人梦想achieve one's dream 12.做某事有困难have trouble in doing 13.给某人献血donate blood to sb. 14.改善他们的生活improve their lives 15.节约我们的零花钱save our pocket money 16.了解不同的文化learn about different cultures 17.帮助我们的大脑放松help our mind relax 18.一种严重的血液病a serious blood disease 19.给某人做手术have an operation on sb. 20.丧生lose one's life 句型 1. I’m training to be a volunteer for the Olympic Games. 我在训练成为一名奥林匹克运动会的志愿者。(P78) 2.It’s meaningful to do something for the Olympics.为奥运会做事情是很有意义的。（p78） 3.I need some more food to eat at work.我工作时需要再多吃一些食物。（p78） 4.Homeless people don’t have their own places to live. 无家可归的人们没有自己住的地方。（p79） 5.It was very brave of him to join the competition. 他参加竞赛真的很勇敢。（p81） 语法 It’s +adj+of或for+sb+to do的用法 写作 介绍志愿服务的经历和感受 考点1. train v. 接受训练；培训，训练 train to be/as...训练成为... train sb/sth to do sth 训练某人或某物做某事 ①train作及物动词，意为“训练，培训”。 ②train作可数名词，意为“火车”。 ③training不可数名词，意为“训练”。  E.g: The police train dogs to be/as “detectives”(侦探) to help with some cases. These girls will train as nurses(接受护士培训) after they finish school. To break the record, these players train for (为了..训练)the match all day and night. 【经典练】 1．—I didn’t find Sarah. Where was she? —She ________ for the coming football match on the playground. A．was training B．will train C．is training D．trained 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我没有找到莎拉。她在哪儿？——她在操场上为即将到来的足球比赛训练。考查时态。根据“Where was she?”可知，此处是描述过去的某一时刻正发生的动作，用过去进行时was/were doing，主语是She，be用was。故选A。 2．Look! The boys ________ hard on the playground. A．are training B．train C．is training D．trained 【答案】A 【详解】句意：看！男孩们正在操场上刻苦训练。考查动词时态。are training现在进行时；train动词原形；is training现在进行时；trained动词过去式。根据“Look!”及语境可知，此处应用一般现在时am/is/are doing表达现在正在发生的动作，故排除选项B和D，根据主语the boys是复数，故be动词用are。故选A。 考点2. support v. 支持 support sb. in（doing）sth. “在（做）某事上支持某人”。 ①support 作不可数名词，意为“支持，拥护”。 ②supporter可数名词，意为“支持者，拥护者”。 【经典练】 1．—In the old days, most teenagers had to work for the landlord (地主) in the field to help ________ their families, because their families couldn’t ________ education for them. —What a pity! A．support; supply B．afford; support C．support; afford 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——在过去，大多数青少年不得不在地里给地主打工来补贴家用，因为他们的家庭负担不起他们的教育费用。 ——真遗憾！考查动词辨析。support“养活，维持”，动词；supply“供应，提供，供给”，动词；afford“买得起；承担得起”，动词。第一空，根据“work for the landlord in the field to help … their families”可知，此处是指给地主打工来帮助养家糊口，应用support，排除B；第二空，根据空前“couldn’t”可知，afford与couldn’t连用，表示“买不起，供不起，担不起”，固定搭配，排除A。故选C。 2．Doctor Liu is very thankful ________ his family’s ________. A．of, support B．for, support C．of, supports D．for, supports 【答案】B 【详解】句意：刘医生非常感谢家人的支持。考查介词用法及名词用法。be thankful for sth.意为“对……很感谢”，故第一个空填for；support“支持”为不可数名词。故选B。 3．—Why do you want to ________ learning to play the guitar? —Because I can’t get ________ from my parents. They want me to spend more time studying. A．start to; help B．give up; support C．get down; skill 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你为什么要放弃学吉他?——因为我不能得到父母的支持。他们想让我花更多的时间学习。考查动词短语和名词辨析。start to开始(后面接动词原形)，help帮助；give up放弃，support支持；get down下来，skill技巧。根据“They want me to spend more time studying.”可知，父母让我把时间都花在学习上，因此是得不到父母的支持，才放弃学吉他。故选B。 考点3.blind/deaf/disabled(P79) (1)blind名词形式:blindness deaf名词形式:deafness disabled名词形式:disability 拓展:①He is always deaf to what I tell him and it make me quite angry. 对...充耳不闻 ②在中文里我们所说“他左耳失聪”，主语是“耳朵”，在英语中我们常用下列句式： E.g: 他右耳朵失聪。He is deaf in his right ear. 【经典练】 1．Let’s help the old man cross the road. He is blind. A．can’t see B．can’t hear C．can’t talk 【答案】A 【详解】句意：让我们帮助这位老人过马路吧。他是盲人。考查动词辨析。can’t see看不见；can’t hear听不见；can’t talk不会说。blind“盲的”与“can’t see”同义，故选A。 2．It’s reported that our government plans to provide more houses for _______ in cities. A．the disabled B．the blind C．the deaf D．the homeless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：据报道，我国政府计划为城市无家可归者提供更多的住房。考查名词短语辨析。the disable残疾人；the blind盲人；the deaf聋人；the homeless无家可归的人。根据“provide more houses”可知，更多的住房与无家可归的人相对应，选项D符合题意。故选D。 3．________ the car accident, he became ________. A．Because of; disabled B．Because of; disable C．Because; disabled 【答案】A 【详解】句意：由于车祸，他致残了。考查介词短语和词语辨析。because of由于，后跟名词；because因为，后跟从句；disabled残疾的，形容词；disable使伤残，动词。“the car accident”为名词短语，所以第一空应用because of；become意为“变得”，在句中为系动词，后应跟形容词构成系表结构。故选A。 考点4. need ①作及物动词，意为“需要；需求” need to do need doing=need to be done ②作情态动词，意为“需要”，没有人称和数的变化 Need I hand in my homework now? ③作名词，意为“需要；需求”。 We have no need to be afraid of them. 【经典练】 1．My daughter _________ any help. She can dress herself. A．doesn’t need B．needn’t C．needs to D．doesn’t need to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我女儿不需要任何帮助。她能自己穿衣服。考查need的用法和否定句。need需要，作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，否定式是needn’t；作实义动词时，后跟名词、代词、不定式，否定式是don’t/doesn’t need。空后是名词，所以这里need是实义动词，结合“She can dress herself.”可知，不需要任何帮助，所以用否定式doesn’t need。故选A。 2．You ________ worry about your lessons. I will help you. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．don’t need D．needn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你不必担心你的功课。我会帮助你。考查情态动词。can’t不可能； mustn’t禁止；don’t need不需要；needn’t不必。need作情态动词时，后面其动词原形，其否定形式为needn’t，作实义动词时，后面接动词不定式，其否定形式用don’t/doesn’t/didn’t need。根据“I will help you.”可知，我会帮助你，因此你不必担心，空格后接动词原形，用情态动词needn’t，故选D。 3．The little boy ________ to go far if he ________ help with his homework because he can ask his teacher for help online. A．needn’t; needs B．doesn’t need; need ​ C．needn’t; need D．doesn’t need; needs 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个小男孩如果需要帮助完成作业，他不必走很远，因为他可以在网上向他的老师求助。 考查动词need用法。第一空，根据“to go”可知，此处的need作为实义动词使用，否定形式需要用助动词；第二空，分析句子结构可知，此处的“help”为名词，意为“帮助”，作宾语，故此处的need也是作为实义动词使用，主语he是第三人称单数，动词需要用单三。故选D。 考点5. provide/donate provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. donate sb. sth.=donate sth. to sb. 【经典练】 1．—Doing more sports can ________ you ________ the illness. —And a good mood can also ________ the illness. A．keep, on, protect B．keep, away from, prevent C．keep, off, provide 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——多做运动可以使你远离疾病。——好的心情也可以预防疾病。考查动词短语和动词辨析。keep on继续雇佣；protect保护；keep away from（使）不接近，远离；prevent预防；keep off（使）不接近；provide提供。根据“Doing more sports...the illness”可知，运动可以使你远离疾病，排除A；根据“And a good mood...the illness”可知，好心情可以预防疾病，排除C。故选B。 2．—The homeless ________ so poor that they have nowhere to live. —Exactly, but to our joy, the local government can ________ them with special places to stay. A．is; offer B．are; give C．are; provide D．is; afford 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——无家可归的人如此的穷，以至于他们没地方住。——的确，但是让我们高兴的是，当地政府能够给他们提供特殊的住处。考查主谓一致和动词辨析。offer提供；give给；provide提供；afford付得起。the homeless表示所有无家可归的人，表复数概念，因此be动词用are；排除A和D；provide sb with sth表示“提供某人某物”。故选C。 3．We’ll _______ some money by holding a charity show, then _______ it to poor students in the west. A．raise, donate B．donate, donate C．raise, raise D．donate, raise. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们将通过举办一个慈善节目来筹集一些资金，然后再把钱捐给西部的贫困学生。 考查动词辨析。raise筹集；donate捐赠。根据holding a charity show可知是为了筹集资金，故第1空用raise，排除B、D；根据to poor students可知把钱捐给贫困学生，donate sth. to sb. 把某物捐给某人。故选A。 考点6.expect(80) (1)expect意为“指望，预料，期待”，基本结构: 期望某人做某事expect sb to do sth E.g: 你不能指望如此小的男孩搬得动这样的箱子。 You can’t expect such a little boy to carry this box. 【经典练】 1．The ________ of China-US high-level strategic dialogue (中美高层战略对话) is to solve differences and disagreement between two countries. China ________ the US to stop interference (干扰) and avoid confrontation (对抗). A．content, hopes B．purpose, expects C．meaning, wishes D．conclusion, warns 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中美高层战略对话的目的是解决两个国家之间的差异和分歧。中国期望美国停止干扰和对抗。考查名词辨析及动词辨析。content内容；purpose目的；meaning意义；conclusion总结；hopes希望，指对愿望实现有一定信心的希望，多指可以达到的事；expects期望；wishes希望，通常用于难以实现或达到的事；warns警告。根据“...to solve differences and disagreement between two countries”可知，解决两个国家之间的差异和分歧是中美高层战略对话的目的，故第一个空填purpose；再根据“...to stop interference (干扰) and avoid confrontation (对抗).”可知，中国期望美国停止干扰和对抗。故选B。 2．—Do you think Brazil will __________ Japan in the next match ? —Yes, they have better players , so I __________ them to win. A．beat, hope B．beat, expect C．win, expect D．win, hope 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你认为巴西会在下一场比赛中打败日本吗？  ——是的，他们有更好的球员，所以我期望他们能赢。考查动词辨析。beat作“打败，战胜”为及物动词，其宾语可为某人或某组织等；win作“获胜，赢得”时可作及物动词，其宾语可为比赛、奖品等；此问句宾语为Japan“日本”，可看作组织，故第一空填beat。hope“希望”，其短语搭配为hope to do sth.（希望做某事）或hope+ that从句，而没有hope sb. to do sth.的搭配；expect“期望”，其短语搭配为expect sb. to do sth.（期望某人做某事），符合题干句型，故第二空填expect。故选B。 考点7.give up(80) (1)基本结构: 放弃做某事give up doing sth , 在口语中可意为“认输，投降，决裂” E.g: 王林已经决定改掉上课睡觉的坏习惯。 Wang Lin has decided to give up the bad habit of sleeping in class. (2)补充短语： To be stronger , you shouldn’t give in when something difficult happens to you. On rainy days, the wet clothes give off a bad smell that makes you feel unpleasant. 【经典练】 1．Your health will be worse and worse if you don’t give up ________. A．to drink B．drinking C．drink D．drinks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你不戒酒，你的健康状况会越来越差。考查非谓语动词。根据“give up”可知，give up doing sth“放弃做某事”，此处为动名词作宾语。故选B。 2．He used to ________ a sweet tooth, but now he has been used to ________ all the desserts. A．have, drop B．having, give up C．have, giving up 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他过去常常喜欢吃甜食，但现在他已经习惯于放弃所有的甜点。考查动词短语。used to do sth表示过去常常做某事，第一空应填have；be used to doing sth表示习惯于做某事，第二空应填giving up。故选C。 考点8. volunteer ①作不及物动词，意为“志愿做，义务做”；后可接动词不定式，意为“志愿/自愿做某事”。 ②volunteer还可作可数名词，意为“志愿者”。 ③voluntary形容词，意为“义务的，志愿的”。 【经典练】 1．—Are you ? —Yes, we always our time to help the disabled. A．volunteers; volunteer B．volunteer; volunteers C．volunteer; volunteer D．volunteers; volunteers 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你们是志愿者吗?——是的，我们总是自愿花时间帮助残疾人。考查volunteer用法。volunteer志愿者（名词）；自愿（动词）；根据“Are you ”可知第一空缺名词复数；再根据第二空“we always our time”可知缺谓语动词，用“volunteer”，故选A。 2．Richard is so busy ________ these days that he has no time to go to the gym as usual. A．volunteer B．to volunteer C．volunteering D．volunteers 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Richard这些天忙着做志愿者，没有时间像往常一样去健身房。考查非谓语动词。短语be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”；volunteer“自愿做”，是动词，此处用动名词，故选C。 考点9. chance可数名词，意为“机会”，强调偶然性。 give sb. a chance to do sth. 意为“给某人一个做某事的机会”， have a chance to do sth. 意为“有做某事的机会”。 【经典练】 1．Homeless children have ________ to go to school. A．no chance B．a good chance C．chance 【答案】A 【详解】句意：无家可归的孩子没有机会去上学。考查词义辨析。no chance没机会；a good chance一个好机会；chance机会。根据“Homeless children”可知应是没有机会上学，故选A。 2．Li Lei plans ________ English for fifteen minutes every day and his parents think it’s a good ________ to improve his English. A．read; chance B．reading ; situation C．to read; choice D．reading; practice 【答案】C 【详解】句意：李雷计划每天读15分钟英语，他的父母认为这是提高他英语水平的一个很好的选择。 考查非谓语动词和名词辨析。read读；chance机会；situation情况；choice选择；practice实践。plan to do表示“计划做某事”，前空需用read的不定式；结合下文“to improve his English”和语境，可知choice切合语境，这里是说每天读15分钟英语是提高英语水平的好选择，故选C。 考点10. include/including include及物动词，意为“包括；包含”。不能用于进行时态。 Zhu Ziqing’s works include poetry and prose. including介词，意为“包括；包含”。 Jim has three pencil-cases, including the old one. 【经典练】 1．Jimmy bought a lot of books yesterday, ________ an English novel. A．include B．including C．included D．to include 【答案】B 【详解】句意：吉米昨天买了很多书，包括一本英语小说。考查词义辨析。include包括，动词；including包括，用作介词和前面的句子用逗号隔开；included包括在内的，多作后置定语；to include是不定式。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作状语，需用介宾结构；including an English novel包括一本英语小说，故选B。 2．—Do his pets________ the cat? —Yes. He has three pets, ________this one. A．include; include B．include; including C．including; including D．including; include 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——他的宠物包括这只猫吗？   ——是的，包括这只猫在内，他一共有三只宠物。考查动词和介词。include动词，包括；including介词，包括。第一个空缺少谓语，因此用include动词，作谓语，表示“包括”。第二空用介词including。故选B。 考点11. coach ①作可数名词，意为“教练”，其复数形式为coaches。 ②作及物动词，意为“训练，指导”。 ③作可数名词，意为“客车，长途汽车”。 【经典练】 1．Last weekend, we took ________ tour by ________ coach to the Summer Palace. A．a; an B．a; / C．the; / D．/; the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周末，我们坐长途汽车去了颐和园。考查冠词用法。第一个空根据固定短语take a tour“旅行”可知用不定冠词a；第二空是“by+交通工具”结构，不需要冠词，故选B。 考点12. born be born with意为“生来具有…”。 be born to do...意为“天生适合做…”。 【经典练】 1．—It’s said that people ________ in the Year of the Dog are loyal. —Yes, it ________ true. A．born; may be B．were born; may be C．born; maybe D．were born; maybe 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——据说狗年出生的人很忠诚。——是的，这可能是真的。考查非谓语动词及may be和maybe的用法。born出生；may be可能是；were born出生；maybe可能，副词。根据“It’s said that people...in the Year of the Dog are loyal.”可知，“that”从句中有be动词are，所以空处用过去分词born作后置定语；根据“it...true.”可知，句子缺少谓语动词，故用“情态动词may+be动词”作谓语。故选A。 2．Everyone _______ the ability to speak a language. As long as you hear it and see it every day, you can speak it well. A．is born with B．is surprised at C．is interested in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：每个人天生具有讲一种语言的能力。只要你每天听，每天看，你可以讲得很好。 考查形容词短语。is born with 与生俱来，天生就有；is surprised at 对……惊讶；is intersted in 对……感兴趣。根据“As long as you hear it and see it every day, you can speak it well”可知讲语言的能力是天生就有的，用短语“is born with”。故选A。 考点13. confident adj. 自信的 be confident of sth. 对…有信心 【经典练】 1．The judges all agreed that Ann spoke of all the students in the debate. A．confidently B．more confidently C．very confidently D．most confidently 【答案】D 【详解】句意：所有评委都同意Ann在辩论中说得最自信。考查副词最高级。根据空前的“of all the students”可知，这里表示在所有学生中程度最高，需用副词“confidently”的最高级形式“most confidently”。故选D。 2．We may meet all kinds of difficulties in the future, but we should be ________ to ________ any challenge. A．confident enough; put on B．enough confident; get on C．confident enough; take on D．enough confident; try on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：将来我们可能会遇到各种各样的困难，但是我们应该有足够的信心去接受任何挑战。 考查enough的用法和动词短语辨析。put on穿上；get on上车；take on承担，接受；try on试穿。enough修饰形容词需要后置，因此排除BD选项；再由“…any challenge.”可知，此处说的是去接受任何挑战，应该用短语take on。故选C。 考点 14.get/achieve 9.You get to help them achieve their dreams. (P81) (1)get to do sth 意为 “逐步做…”，强调事情发展的过程。 E.g: 交流是逐步了解彼此最好的方式之一。 Communication is one of the best ways to get to know each other. (2)achieve意为“实现，达到”，另外重要的含义：“取得，获得”，名词形式achievement E.g: Working out a hard math problem will bring me a sense of achievement (成就感). Make a plan for everything you’d like to do and achieve each goal(实现每个目标)step by step. 【经典练】 1．I’m happy ______ a new guitar. A．to get B．get C．gets D．getting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我很高兴得到了一把新吉他。考查动词不定式。be happy to do sth“很高兴做某事”，是固定搭配，空处应是to get。故选A。 2．________ our dream, we should work hard and never give up. A．Achieve B．Achieved C．Achieving D．To achieve 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了实现我们的梦想，我们应该努力工作，永不放弃。考查动词形式。Achieve“取得”，动词原形；Achieved“取得”，动词过去式；Achieving“取得”，动词现在分词；To achieve“取得”，to do不不定式。此空为不定式做目的状语。故选D。 3．—How can I ________ my dream, Mr. Brown? —Working hard is the only way to make your dream ________. A．achieve; come true B．come true; achieve C．achieve; achieve 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——布朗先生，我怎样才能实现我的梦想呢？——努力工作是实现梦想的唯一途径。 考查动词辨析及动词短语。achieve实现，主语通常是人；come true（梦想等）实现，主语一般是物。空一前主语是I，此处是achieve one’s dream，意为“实现某人的梦想”；空二处是make one’s dream come true，意为“让某人的梦想实现”。故选A。 考点15. trouble have trouble（in）doing sth. 做某事费力（或有麻烦） have difficulty doing sth. 做某事有困难 have problems doing sth. 做某事有问题 【经典练】 1．—Jenny is a good friend indeed. She is always there whenever I am ________. —I think so. She is just like the cute Baymax (大白) . A．in person B．in public C．in trouble 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——珍妮真是个好朋友。每当我有困难时，她总是在那里。——我想是的。她就像可爱的大白。考查介词短语。in person亲自；in public在公共场合；in trouble处于困境。根据“She is always there”以及“She is just like the cute Baymax (大白)”可知，当自己陷入麻烦的时候，珍妮总是在那里。故选C。 2．I’m sorry I am late. I hope I didn’t cause you ________. A．too much trouble B．so many troubles C．much too trouble D．so more troubles 【答案】A 【详解】句意：非常抱歉，我迟到了。我希望没有给你造成太多的麻烦。考查名词。too much trouble太多的麻烦；so many troubles表达错误；much too trouble表达错误；so more troubles表达错误。trouble麻烦，一般用作不可数名词。much too太，其后接形容词或副词。too much太多，其后接不可数名词。故选A。 考点16. a little/little/a few/few/a bit/a bit of a little，“一点点”，修饰不可数名词。 little，“几乎没有一点”，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意义。 a few，“一点儿”，修饰可数名词复数。 few，“很少的，几乎没有的”，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义。 a bit，“有点，稍微”，修饰形容词或副词，表程度。 a bit of，“有一点儿”，修饰不可数名词。 【经典练】 1．—What’s in the fridge? —There is ________ meat and ________ eggs. A．a little; a few B．a few; a few C．a few; a little 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——冰箱里有什么？——有一点肉和一些鸡蛋。  考查不定代词辨析。a little 意为“一点”，修饰不可数名词；a few 意为“一些”，修饰可数名词复数。分析句子结构可知，“meat”是不可数名词，空处应用“a little”来修饰，表示“有一点肉”；“eggs”是可数名词复数，空处应用“a few”来修饰，表示“一些鸡蛋”。故选A。 2．We have ________ apples to make a pie, but we still need some lemon juice. A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们有几个苹果做馅饼，但我们还需要一些柠檬汁。考查代词辨析。few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；a few几个，修饰可数名词复数；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词。根据“apples to make a pie, but we still need some lemon juice.”可知是有几个苹果，还需要一些柠檬汁，修饰可数名词复数apples用a few。故选B。 考点17. operation n. 手术 do an operation on sb. 给某人做手术 operation还可作不可数名词，意为“运转，操作”。 in operation 运转中，操作中，实施中 【经典练】 1．—Who can operate this machine? —David. A．make ... dirty B．make ... clean C．make ... work 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——谁会操作这个机器？——大卫。考查动词。make...dirty使……脏；make...clean使……干净；make...work使……工作。operate表示“操作”，意思是让机器运行起来，故选C。 2．The doctors need ______ on the sick boy. A．operating B．to operate C．operate D．to be operated 【答案】B 【详解】句意：医生们需要给这个生病的孩子做手术。operating做手术，现在分词或动名词形式；to operate是动词不定式；operate动词原形，操作，做手术；to be operated是动词不定式的被动形式。句中谓语动词为need，常用于句型need to do sth.意为“需要做某事”，且与主语的关系是主动的，故选B。 考点18. such/so such作形容词，意为“如此，这样”，用来修饰名词（短语）。 such (+ a/an )+ 形容词 + 名词 so作副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。 so+形容词/副词 so+ 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数=such+ a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 so many/few/much/little +可数名词复数/不可数名词 【经典练】 1．— There are many cars on the roads. — Yes. They use ________ oil and cause ________ serious pollution. A．so much; such B．so much; so C．so many; so D．so many; such 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——马路上有很多汽车。——是的。它们用如此多的油，也造成如此严重的污染。 考查so much，so many，so和such 辨析。so much如此多的，修饰不可数名词；so many如此多的，修饰可数名词复数；so如此的，修饰形容词或副词；such如此的，修饰名词。oil“石油”，是不可数名词，第一空应用so much，意为“如此多的油”；而第二空后pollution“污染”，是不可数名词，应用such修饰，意为“如此严重的污染”。故选A。 2．Guess what? You won’t believe ________ little children can do ________ much work in a short time. A．such, such B．so, such C．so, so D．such, so 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你猜怎么着？你不会相信这么小的孩子能在这么短的时间内做这么多的工作。 考查副词和形容词辨析。such是形容词，修饰名词，意思是“如此的、这样的”，后面一般跟名词；so是副词，修饰形容词或副词，意思是“如此地、那么地”。第一个空修饰名词children，应用such；第二个空much表示“多”的时候，前面通常用so来修饰，表示“如此多”或“那么多”。在这个句子中，“so much work”表示“这么多工作”。。故选D。 一．语法精讲 It’s +adj+of或for+sb+to do的用法 动词不定式作主语时，如果不定式短语较长，为了句子的平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句子的末尾。如： I went to Homes for the Elderly. It's fantastic to work as a volunteer. 常用句型如下： It is + adj. + to-infinitive It is + adj. + for … + to-infinitive It is + adj. + of … + to-infinitive ★★★一、动词不定式的用法 ★句型一：It is + adjective + to do something. We use “It is+adj.+to-infinitive” to express what we think about something.含义：“做某事是……的”。 如： It’s important to plant more trees. It’s necessary to keep parks clean. 注意：该句型中的形容词表示不定式所具备的特征或客观情况。常用的形容词有：cheap, convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, exciting, expensive, important, interesting, necessary, normal, possible, useful, wonderful等等。 ★句型二：It is + adjective + for sb. + to do sth. We use “It is+adj.+for…+to-infinitive” to specify who we are talking about.含义：“对某人来说做某事是……的” It’s important for people to learn good manners. It’s dangerous for children to play on the street. 注意：该句型中的形容词也是表示不定式所具备的特征或客观情况，和句型一相同。 ★句型三：It is + adjective + of sb. + to do sth. We use “It is+adj.+of…+to-infinitive” to express what we think of someone’s actions.含义：“某人做某事真是/太……了”。如： It is very nice of you to offer me a seat. It is careless of him to lose so many things. 注意：该句型中的形容词描述的是人的特征、品质。常用的形容词有：brave, careless, clever, foolish, generous, good, helpful, honest, kind, nice, polite, silly, stupid, wrong等等。 2、 单元写作 本单元写作要求同学们能用所学的词语和句型完成替他人寻求帮助的信。介绍的内容主要为需要帮助的人、具体情况以及我们提供帮助的方式等。在具体的写作中，学生应做到以下几点： 1. 开头介绍需要帮助的人； 2. 文章主体具体介绍需要帮助的人的信息、需要什么样的帮助和该怎样帮助； 3. 结尾感谢。 【词汇积累】 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ①…的目的the purpose of… ② 照顾take care of/look after ③关注pay attention to ④希望做某事hope to do sth ⑤筹款做某事raise money to do sth ⑥因某事感谢某人thank sb for sth ⑦零花钱pocket money ⑧浪费金钱a waste of money ⑨感到抱歉  feel sorry for ⑩捐赠give awa 【句式积累】 ※ 开头句 1.请注意！我想告诉你一些关于我们五月份志愿工作的计划。 1.Attention, please! I’d like to tell you something about our plan for the volunteer work in May. 2.一位一中八年级的学生需要我们的帮助！ 2.A Grade 8 student from Number One Middle School needs our help! 3、四班的学生将举办一场名为“帮助贫困地区的孩子”的慈善演出。 3.The students of Class 4 will hold a charity show called “Helping the Children in Poor Areas”. 4.我写信是想告诉你一个慈善活动。 4.I’m writing to tell you about a charity activity. 5.我们学校有很多志愿者。学生们被训练成志愿者，他们认为做志愿者很有意义。 5.There are many volunteers in our school. The students are trained to be volunteers, they think it is meaningful to work as volunteers. 6.每个人都需要帮助。我过去常常用零花钱买衣服和零食。 6.Everyone needs help. I used to buy clothes and snacks with my pocket money. 7.在生活中，当我们遇到问题时，我们需要帮助。与此同时，我们应该尽力帮助其他需要帮助的人。 7.In life, we need help when we have problems. At the same time, we should try to help others in need. 8.地震幸存者需要我们的帮助！ 8.Earthquake survivors need our help! ※ 中间句 1. 王磊在学校学习很努力，他是最优秀的学生之一。 Wang Lei works hard at school and he is one of the top students. 2.我希望我们大家都能给他捐款。 I hope all of us can donate money to him. 3.这场演出的目的是为希望工程筹集资金，帮助贫困地区的孩子们。 The purpose of the show was to raise money for Project Hope to help the children in poor areas. 4.它的目的是帮助那些太穷而不能上学的孩子。 Its aim is to help the children who are too poor to go to school. 5.慈善演出的目的是要求人们照顾残疾儿童并重视特殊教育。 The aim of the charity show is to ask people to take care of disabled children and pay attention to special education. 6.我们希望更多的人帮助残疾儿童，为他们提供食物、衣服和学习机会，并为他们做更多的志愿工作。 We hope more people help disabled children by providing food, clothes and a chance to study for them and doing more voluntary work for them. 7.这个项目的目的是改善孩子们的生活，让他们接受免费教育。 The purpose of the show is to improve the lives of children and make them get free education. 8.全体师生及部分当地企业应邀参加。 All the teachers and students and some local businesses were invited to take part in it. ※ 结尾句 1.如果我们所有人都能伸出援手，他很快就会康复并返回学校。 If all of us can give a helping hand, he will get well soon and return to school. 2.我希望更多的人能够采取行动帮助更多的贫困儿童。 I hope more people can take action to help more poor children. 3.我将永远记得我能帮助贫困儿童改善生活的经历。 I’ll always remember the experience that I can help make the lives of poor children better. 4.最后，我们要感谢所有捐赠时间、物资和物资的人们的帮助和支持。 Finally, we’d like to thank all the people who have donated time, goods and materials for their help and support. 5.我认为，如果每个人都帮助有需要的人，这个世界就会充满爱。 I think if everyone helps people in need, the world will be full of love. 6.我希望能举办更多这样的活动。 I hope more activities like this will be held. 7. 让我们一起行动起来，帮助那些需要帮助的人，只有这样我们才能让我们的生活变得更好。 Let’s take action together to help the people who need help, only in this way can we make our life better. 8.我们所有人都应该伸出援手。众人拾柴火焰高。 All of us should give a helping hand. Many hands make light work. 【谚语积累】 1. We make a living by receiving, but we create a life by giving. 我们靠所得来谋生，但靠给予来创造生活。 2.Do not do it for the sake of small evil, and do not do it for the sake of small goodness. 勿因恶小而为之，勿因善小而不为。 3. Willing to help others on a regular basis, and in times of urgency, someone helps. 平时肯帮人，急时有人帮。 4.Don't forget the well digger when drinking water. 吃水不忘挖井人。 典例赏析： 1．假如你是班长，你负责制定你们班五月份的志愿者活动计划。请你写一篇80—100词的发言稿，代表班委会向全班的志愿者介绍一下该月的活动安排。 要求： 1. 活动计划中有两项内容需自拟。 2. 发言稿的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入要求词数。 时间 活动计划 5月10日 去火车站清理垃圾 5月17日 去养老院…… 5月24日 去人民公园…… 5月31日 帮助某社区的小学生学习，给他们讲故事 Attention, please! I’d like to tell you something about our plan for the volunteer work in May. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thank you. 【思路解读】 1.题干解读：题目要求写一篇发言稿，介绍五月份活动周的志愿者活动计划，要包含所有提示要点，并自拟两项内容。 2.写作指导：写作时要以第一人称为主，使用一般将来时来介绍活动安排。要做到要点齐全，具体某一天安排了哪些活动要写清楚。要做到无单词拼写和语法错误。 【满分作文】 Attention, please! I’d like to tell you something about our plan for the volunteer work in May. We’ll go to the train station to clean up the litter on May 10. On May 17, we’ll go to the old people’s home to help them wash their clothes and clean up their rooms. After that we’ll give performances to cheer them up. On May 24, we’ll go to the People’s Park to fix up bicycles and radios for people in need. We’ll go to Guangming Community near our school on May 31. We’ll help the children there study and tell them stories. I’m sure we’ll have a meaningful May. That’s all. Thank you. Unit 6　Sunshine for all 一、单词梳理 1.train vi.&vt. 接受训练;训练 2.support vt. 支持 3.meaningful adj. 有意义的 4.blind adj. 瞎的 5.deaf adj. 聋的 6.disabled adj. 残疾的 7.elderly adj. 年老的 8.homeless adj. 无家可归的 9.volunteer vi.&vt. 志愿做 10.expect vt.&vi. 期待 11.adult n. 成年人 12.intellectual adj. 智力的 13.disability n. 缺陷,障碍 14.chance n. 机会 15.event n. 比赛项目;大事 16.similar adj. 同样的,类似的 17.necessary adj. 必须的,必要的 18.task n. 任务,工作 19.athlete n. 运动员 20.coach n. 教练 21.gold n. 黄金;金牌 22.silver n. 银;银牌 23.confident adj. 自信的 24.background n. 背景 25.closely adv. 密切地 26.achieve vt. 实现;达到 27.prize n. 奖赏,奖品 28.donate vt. 捐献 29.charity n. 慈善;慈善机构 30.organization n. 机构,组织 31.blood　n.血 32.south-west adj.&adv.西南方 33.north-west adj.&adv.西北方 34.project n.项目, 工程,课题 35.introduction n.引言,介绍 36.disease n.疾病 37.operation n.手术 38.survivor n.幸存者 39.method n.方式,方法 二、短语梳理 1.奥林匹克运动会the Olympic Games  2.放弃 give up  3.再一些some more  4.给某人写信 write to sb.  5.作为一个志愿者as a volunteer  6.给某人一个机会give sb.a chance  7.与……相似 be similar to  8.一个游泳教练a swimming coach  9.为某人提供某物provide sth.for sb./ provide sb.with sth.  10.取得很大进步 make great progress  11.一个名叫李海的男孩 a boy called Li Hai  12.天生具有be born with  13.赢得金牌 win a gold  14.尽某人最大努力try one’s best  15.因为because of  16.亲密合作work closely with  17.实现某人的梦想achieve one’s dream/ make  one’s dream come true  18.和某人聊天chat with sb.  19.做某事有麻烦 have trouble (in) doing sth.  20.参加take part in  21.一位小学教师a primary school teacher  22.保持联系 keep in touch  23.在电话上交谈 talk on the phone  24.超过,多于 more than  25.作为……工作 work as  26.对……有帮助 be helpful to  27.用这种方式in this way  28.改善某人的生活 improve one’s life  29.在某人的日常生活中 in one’s daily life  30.零花钱 the pocket money  31.根据according to  32.采取行动 take action  33.一种严重的血液疾病 a serious blood disease  34.伸出援助之手 give a helping hand  35.足够的钱 enough money  三、句子梳理 1.为奥林匹克运动会做点事是有意义的。 It’s meaningful to do something for the Olympics. 2.无家可归的人没有他们自己住的地方。 Homeless people don’t have their own places to live. 3.现在他认为这是他一生中最惊奇的经历。 Now he thinks it was the most amazing experience of his life. 4.对于这些志愿者来说在做任务之前接受训练是有必要的。 It was necessary for these volunteers to receive training before doing the tasks. 5.你听说过国际智障者运动节吗? Have you heard of the international sports festival for people with intellectual disabilities? 6.我知道一些人为了这个运动项目提供无偿帮助。 I know some people offer to help without getting paid for the event. 7.周末在社区中心或图书馆作为志愿者而工作是有意义的。 It’s meaningful to work as volunteers at community centres or in libraries at the weekend. 8.自从上个月他就生病住院了。 He has been ill in hospital since last month. 9.对于这样一个手术,他们没有足够的钱。 They do not have enough money for such an operation. 10.然而,对于小微来讲尽快做这个手术是很重要的。 However, it is important for Xiao Wei to have the operation as soon as possible. 11.你伸出援助之手真是太好了。 It’s kind of you to give me a helping hand. 12.他在和同学相处方面有困难。 He has trouble getting on with his classmates. 用法集萃 1. feel like + n./doing sth.想要某物做某事，感觉像某物/做某事 2. expect (sb.)to do sth. 期待/指望/预料(某人)做某事 want (sb.)to do sth.想要某人做某事 3.give up doing sth.放弃做某事 4. get to do sth 有机会做某事 offer to do sth 主动做某事 5.make sb. do sth.使某人做某事 make sb.+形容词 使某人处于--状态 make oneself+过去分词 使某人自己被..... 6.need to do sth.需要做某事 need doing...需要被...... 7.take action to do sth.采取行动做某事 8.have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事费力 9. such a/an+adj +n.如此----的--- 10. It's+形容词+ (forsb）to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是...的。 11. that's why+从句 那是...的原因 12. What... for? 为什么..... $$