专题3 热点3 小词不可忽视——冠词、代词、介词(短语)和动词短语(专题微讲Word)-【赢在微点·考前顶层设计】2025年高考英语大二轮专题复习

热点三　小词不可忽视——冠词、代词、介词(短语)和动词短语 高考命题新角度4　 语法填空非常规命题 ①生僻短语;②倍数表达中的冠词;③with复合结构中的with;④it的用法和不定代词。 分析句子成分,找空前空后核心词,考虑固定用法和搭配 What should be done with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 　①　 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 　②　 all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote 　③　 idea at the completion of their journey. Their promotional work paid 　④　. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became 　⑤　 first national park in the United States and the world. (2024·全国甲卷改编)  图解细析学解题 What should be done with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 　②　 空后是名词,空处用介词,结合句意“为全国人民”,考虑具体介词 all people of the nation to enjoy—as a  national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote 　③　 idea at the completion of their journey.   特指上文提到的“必须作为国家公园保护好”的想法 Their promotional work paid 　④　. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming   考虑句意,为动词短语,确定搭配 became a state, Yellowstone became 　⑤　 first national park in the United States and the world.  空后是序数词,表“第一” 答案与解析　 ①its　考查代词。空处修饰名词beauty,应用形容词性物主代词its,表“它的”。 ②for　考查介词。句意:……必须被妥善保存供全国人民欣赏。介词for表目的,表“为了全国人民都能欣赏”。 ③the　考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的“必须作为国家公园保护好”的想法, 故填定冠词the。 ④off　考查动词短语。此处指取得回报, 是动词短语pay off。 ⑤the　考查冠词。此处指美国以及世界上第一个国家公园, 故填定冠词the。 考频:含介词的固定搭配3年5考>对介词基本意义的掌握3年0考 定冠词3年4考>不定冠词3年1考=代词3年1考 ①总结常考介词的用法,尤其是同一介词的不同用法;积累介词(短语)和动词短语。 ②锁定“________+(形容词+)名词”模式, 当“(形容词+)名词”前缺少限定词时,要考虑填冠词;同时多积累含冠词的固定搭配。 ③人称代词变物主代词、反身代词、主格变宾格是高频考点,注意牢记含it的固定搭配和句式。 考法1　考查介词(短语)和动词短语——根据固定搭配解题 A组　3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 1.The Glasshouse stands ________ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 2.I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ________ Romeo and Juliet. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 3.There you’ll find them prepared differently—more dumplings and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed ________ hand rather than rolled. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 4.Giant pandas also serve ________ an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) B组　全国卷/自主命题卷 5.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ________ saving their environment. (2023·全国甲卷) 6.From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ________ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads. (2023·全国乙卷) 7.May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. (2022·全国乙卷) 8.He flew 4,700 kilometers ________ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months. (2022·全国甲卷) 1.判断空后是否有谓语,确定填介词 ①　　+名词/代词/动名词/what从句,作状语、定语或补语,则该空填介词,空后的部分作它的宾语。  ②动词+介词(固定搭配)。 2.记牢一词多义的情况 (1)for:①(表示去向)往;向,如leave/set off for“动身去……”;②为得到,为获取;③表一段时间,如for two years“两年”;④因为,由于;⑤就……而言。 (2)in: ①in+一段时间,用于将来时;②in+表示“方式/语言/材料”的名词,表“以……方式/用……语言/材料”;③表方向,朝,向,如in the direction。 (3)by+交通工具/通信工具,也可表方式,如by car/train/air/sea/letter/email/phone/hand。 (4)with:①带有,具有;②用,以(with+具体工具);③和……在一起;④因为,由于;⑤伴随;随着(with复合结构)。 (5)beyond:①在或向……较远的一边;②晚于;迟于;③超出;非……所能及;④除……之外 (6)as用作介词,意为“作为”,常用于一些动词之后;work as“从事……工作”;serve as“可用作……”; act as“担任;充当……”; regard/see/view/think of/look on ... as ...“认为……是……” 3.根据句式和搭配填介词 ①与动词搭配:如mistake ... for ...“把……误认为……”;devote/dedicate ... to ...“致力于……”。 ②与名词或代词搭配:如(a) lack of“缺乏……”; on one’s own/by oneself“靠自己”。 ③与形容词搭配:如:be absent from“缺席”; be busy with“忙于”。 答案与解析　 1.as　固定短语stand as表示“作为”。stand for 意为“支持,主张,代表(某种观点或态度)”,与上下文的句意不符。 2.to　考查介词。句意:我恰好知道汤显祖的《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。此处为固定短语be similar to,表“与……相似”。 3.by　by hand“用手工”,是固定搭配。故填by。 4.as　固定短语serve as “充当;担任”。 5.for　take responsibility for “对……负责”,是固定短语。 6.to　from ... to ..., “从……到……”,是固定搭配。 7.by　空后为动词name的执行者,表被动。 8.from　此处表“从西安飞往喀什噶尔”,应用介词from,固定搭配:from ... to ... ,表“从……到……”,故填from。   考法2　考查冠词——基本用法是解题关键 A组　3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 9.Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ________ first time. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 10.Then, when you use one section, ________ other stays fresh. (2024·浙江高考1月) 11.The meat should be fresh with ________ touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 12.Not the pandas, even though ________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) 13.Covering an area about three times ________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) 14.________ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) B组　全国卷/自主命题卷 15.________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.(2022·全国甲卷) 16.It took us about 3 hours to go all ________ way around the Xi’an City Wall. (全国甲卷) 17.________ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. (浙江高考) 1.2个口诀巧判用a/an还是the ①用the:特指双熟悉,上文已提及。世上独无二,专有名词或西洋乐器前,序数最高级。 ②用a/an:泛指一类人或物,与one同义表“一”;和序数词一起表“又一,再一”,元音音素前用an,辅音音素前用a。 2.5种可能填冠词的情况 填不定冠词的情况: ①________+单数可数名词 ②________+形容词+单数可数名词 填定冠词的情况: ①________(+定语)+名词+of等介词短语(表特指) ②________(+定语)+名词+定语从句(表特指) ③________(+定语)+名词+不定式/分词短语(表特指) 3.据固定搭配或用法确定冠词 ①动词(catch/take/hit等)+sb.+介词+the+身体部位。 ②at a loss“不知所措”; a waste of ...“浪费……”;have a look/take a walk“看一看/去散步”; a touch of“少许”等固定搭配。 ③a+比较级(+名词),表“一个更……的人或物”。 ④抽象名词具体化的名词(可概括为:惊、乐、憾、傲、慰、险、助、成、败、美)surprise、pleasure、pity、pride、comfort、danger、help、success、failure、beauty,表具体的意义“一个……”时,其前应加a或an。 答案与解析　 9.the　考查冠词。句意:……通过古代丝绸之路第一次为英国带来了丝绸和许多植物。固定搭配:for the first time,意为“第一次”,符合句意。故填the。 10.the　句意:然后,当你使用其中一部分时,另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为“另一个”,为固定搭配,所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。 11.a　a touch of “少许,微量”,是固定搭配。句意:肉应该新鲜,带着一丝甜味;汤汁要热、清澈且美味。注意:and后面的并列分句承前省略了should be。 12.the　空后为可数名词单数language,因此,空处考虑用冠词,根据language后的“used for the medical training instructions”可知,此处表特指,故填定冠词the。 13.the　由空后的of Yellowstone National Park作size的定语可知, 此处表特指,应用定冠词the。 14.The　the Brown family表“布朗一家”,故用定冠词 The。 15.A　此处泛指“他的一个朋友”,应用不定冠词, friend以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a,空处位于句首,所填词首字母应大写。故填A。 16.the　此处表“一直;完全地”,是短语all the way,故填the。 17.The　此处意为“林肯一家”。根据设空后的Lincolns可知,此处考查“the+姓氏复数”,表夫妇俩或一家人。设空处位于句首,首字母要大写,故填The。  考法3　考查代词——根据所作成分转换代词或根据指代对象或句式填写代词 A组　3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 18.Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ________ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of“just for you”pack sizes with special offers as well. (2024·浙江高考1月) 除……以外(adv.) 19.Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ________ (they) contents. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 20.As the song goes, this long and winding road“will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ________ (I). (新高考Ⅰ卷) B组　全国卷/自主命题卷 21.The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ________ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.(2022·全国乙卷) A组　3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 18.Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ________ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of“just for you”pack sizes with special offers as well. (2024·浙江高考1月) 除……以外(adv.) 19.Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ________ (they) contents. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 20.As the song goes, this long and winding road“will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ________ (I). (新高考Ⅰ卷) B组　全国卷/自主命题卷 21.The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ________ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.(2022·全国乙卷) 厘清成分、人称,对号入座定“格” 当句中缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时,一般填代词。 ①作主语:人称代词主格(I、we、you、he、she、they、it)、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词。 ②动词/介词+代词作宾语:人称代词宾格(me、us、you、him、her、them、it)、名词性物主代词(ours、mine、yours、his、hers、theirs、its)、不定代词。 ③作表语:人称代词宾格、不定代词或名词性物主代词。 ④作定语:形容词性物主代词(our、my、your、his、her、their、its)。 ⑤作宾语、表语或同位语且与主语指同一个(些)人或物:反身代词(myself、ourselves、yourself、yourselves、himself、herself、itself、themselves),同时注意数的变化。 固定用法和搭配 ①填it的情况:a.作形式主语或形式宾语; b.指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况; c.固定搭配,如make it“成功;按时到达”; get it“理解,明白”; give it a try“试一试”。 ②反身代词的搭配,如in itself“本身”,to oneself“独自享有的”。 答案与解析　 18.ones　句意:谁知道呢,也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸,并提供特别优惠。代词one意为“一个人”,在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。 19.their　此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语,修饰空后的名词contents,表“不会使包子开裂,或者溢出包子馅”。 20.mine　根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor’s memory”可知,本句does指代前一句的stick,本句缺少宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。 21.its　空处修饰名词exhibition,应用形容词性物主代词。 细析句子成分,找空前空后核心词,考虑固定用法和搭配 Exercise 1　长难句障碍题+非常规命题 | Beijing Review 　　Linxia Geopark is located in Gansu Province. It features a landscape characterized by mid-high mountains, hills and basins. The area played 　①　 significant role in China’s early historical and cultural development.  The dramatic Danxia landform along the Yellow River showcases striking colorful rock formations shaped by erosion, weathering and gravity. The geopark is home 　②　 the famous Bingling Cave Temple grottoes, where complex sculptures are carved into the cliff faces, and to one of the longest and best-preserved fossil trackways 　③　 record, 24 consecutive paired footprints of the pterosaur, the earliest vertebrate (脊椎动物) species known to have evolved powered flight. The geopark is the region with most abundant ancient mammal fossils in China.  　④　 roots tracing back more than 5,000 years along the Yellow River, Linxia was an important courier station along the ancient Silk Road.  答案与解析　 ①a　考查冠词。此处是固定短语play a significant role in “在……中起重要作用”,故填冠词a。 ②to　考查固定短语。此处是短语be home to “是……所在地”,故填介词to。 ③on　考查介词短语。此处是介词短语 on record,表“记录在案的”,填介词on。 ④With　考查介词。空后是“名词+现在分词”,故空处填介词,结合语境“其根源可以追溯到5 000多年前的黄河沿岸”可知,此处填介词with,空处位于句首,首字母应大写,故填With。 Exercise 2　非常规命题 | Serious Eats 　　On a list of life goals that I have so far failed to complete, learning a foreign language is somewhere near 　①　 top. I always wanted to be fluent in 　②　 second language. But aside 　③　 memorizing a few useful Spanish phrases in high school and taking a Japanese course in college, I have yet to master a foreign language.  My wife Melissa Gorski can learn a language in 　④　 weekend—　⑤　 least enough to get around a foreign city. She’s handy with Spanish and French. She once taught 　⑥　 (she) Japanese using 　⑦　 off-brand CD box set before a trip to Tokyo. Then she did it again with Italian. These days, we know 　⑧　 (we) roles when traveling: She does all the talking, and I nod and eat.  That hasn’t dampened my passion　⑨　 languages and words. I love their history and meaning, 　⑩　 way they change and evolve over time, and  　 different sounds and rhythms of each language.  答案与解析　 ①the　此处指清单的顶端, 应用定冠词the。 ②a　指另一门语言, 用a second language。 ③from　介词短语aside from 表“除了……还”。 ④a　此处表“一”, 应用冠词a。 ⑤at　介词短语at least 表“至少”, 填介词at。 ⑥herself　空处作宾语,且与主语She指同一人, 故填反身代词herself。 ⑦an　泛指CD合辑, 用不定冠词, off-brand是元音音素开始的单词, 故填不定冠词an。 ⑧our　空处作定语,修饰名词roles, 应用形容词性物主代词, 填our。 ⑨for　one’s passion for ... 表“对……的酷爱;爱好……”, 应用介词for。 ⑩the　特指语言随着时间变化演变的方式, 应用定冠词the。 the　特指每种语言不同的声音和韵律, 应用定冠词the。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$