专题3 热点1 第2讲 非谓语动词(专题微讲Word)-【赢在微点·考前顶层设计】2025年高考英语大二轮专题复习

第2讲　非谓语动词 高考命题新角度2　 语法填空非常规命题 ①非谓语动词的时态和语态(2023新课标Ⅰ卷曾考);②非谓语动词作主语补足语(2023新课标Ⅰ卷曾考)、宾语补足语和前置定语(2023新课标Ⅰ卷曾考);③固定结构中的非谓语动词形式(2024新课标Ⅱ卷曾考)。 分析句子成分, 如已有谓语,用非谓语,主动用doing,被动用done,表目的用to do 1.If your supermarket sells loose produce, then 　①　 (buy) smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs 　②　 (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, the other stays fresh. (2024·浙江高考1月改编)  2.　　Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 　①　 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. The meat should be fresh with a touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.  No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left 　②　 (want) more next time. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)  分析句子成分,如已有谓语,用非谓语, 分析逻辑关系, 注意固定结构 1.If your supermarket sells loose produce, then is. Over the last two years, in packs (design) with two halves separate portions (份)]}. Then, , . 2.　　Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 　①　 (lift) out of the  steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. The meat should be fresh with a touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left 　②　 (want) more next time.  答案与解析　 1.①buying　本句已有谓语,空处作主语,应用动名词, 故填buying。 ②designed　句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉,包装设计成两半,拆分成两份。本句已有谓语have started, 故空处为非谓语, 动词design和逻辑主语packs为逻辑上的动宾关系,且动作已完成,应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 2.①to be lifted　根据allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语,lift out与宾语them(指代xiao long bao)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动式,构成allow sth. to be done结构,意为“允许某事被做”,故填to be lifted。 ②wanting　句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是下次还想再吃。分析句子可知,此处是“leave sb.+doing/done”的非常规考法:sb. be left+doing/done, doing/done作主语补足语。 I与want之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,用现在分词wanting作主语补足语,故填wanting。 考频:动词不定式3年6考>动词-ing3年5考>动词-ed3年2考 ①2023新课标Ⅰ卷对非谓语动词的考查有4题,且涉及对非谓语动词语态的考查和非谓语动词作主语补足语的非常规考法。2024新课标Ⅱ卷考查了3个非谓语动词;2023全国乙卷考查了动词-ing的完成式having done。 ②非谓语动词作状语是考查频次最高的非谓语考点, 注意区分非谓语动词作前置定语的正确形式。 ③对非谓语动词作宾语和主语的考查相对简单,要牢记相关固定用法和“it作形式主语, 非谓语动词作真正的主语”的句式。 ④牢记“疑问词+不定式”和“主语+be+adj.+to do”等固定结构中的非谓语动词形式。 考法1　非谓语动词作状语和补语——理清逻辑关系 A组　3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 1.The design features ten steel“sepals (萼片)”made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 2.Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________ (find) the connection between the two great writers. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 3.________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said,“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 长难句障碍题 4. ________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) 长难句障碍题 5.He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________ (see) them. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) 6.The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. (2024·浙江高考1月) B组　全国卷/自主命题卷 7.For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. (2023·全国甲卷) 8.“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins, ________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. (2023·全国甲卷) 9.Through touch, the one thing gallery placards tell you not ________ (do). (2022·浙江高考) 10.He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. (2022·全国甲卷) 1.2个技巧确定非谓语动词作状语 句意优先 表目的:to do 表伴随、条 件、让步、 原因、方 式等 固定句型 ①主语+be+形容词(easy、hard、interesting、pleasant、safe等)+to do,不定式与句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系。 ②too+adj./adv.+ to do; adj./adv.+enough +to do; so +adj./adv.+as to do; such +名词+as to do...,不定式作结果状语。 ③主语+be+表情绪的形容词(excited、happy、anxious、satisfied、delighted、angry等)+to do,不定式作原因状语。 2.固定搭配和句型法确定非谓语动词作补语 ①to do作宾/主补:allow、ask、beg、command、encourage、expect、forbid、invite、 persuade、tell等+宾语+to do或be+done(如allowed)+to do。 ②find/catch/keep/leave+宾语+宾补 ③感官动词+ 宾语+宾补 ④使役动词(have等)+宾语+ 特殊:get+宾语+ ⑤have+宾语+ couldn’t/wouldn’t/won’t have+宾语+doing不允许……做 ⑥with (此结构有时考查 without)+名词/代词+宾补 答案与解析　 1.to give　句意:这些萼片在温暖的日子里开放,为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。此处作目的状语,应用动词不定式。故填to give。 2.to find　此处为“be amazed to do”结构，表示“对发现……感到惊讶”。不定式作原因状语，故填to find。 3.Recalling　句意:埃德蒙森回忆说,他曾在上海观看过中文版的莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》,并遇到几年前来到斯特拉特福表演《牡丹亭》片段的中国演员。空处为非谓语, Edmondson和recall之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式作状语。空处位于句首,首字母应大写, 故填Recalling。 4.Covering; to increase　第一空,分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词will be,空处在句中作非谓语, the GPNP和cover为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式作状语,注意首字母应大写,填Covering;第二空,根据语境“为了提高管理的有效性并减少不一致性”可知,此处表目的,应用动词的不定式,填to increase。 长难句分析: to a significant number of areas unprotected), protected areas pandas) (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management].  5.to see　前面一系列动作的目的是“看见”,故此处为不定式作状语, 填to see。 6.to benefit　句意:然而,如果你是想买一件,那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据buying extra和from price reductions可知,此处是指多买一件来享受降价,应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。 7.to teach　由语境“人们通过讲寓言故事传授知识或传递智慧”可知,此处表目的,又根据句中的or可知,空处与后面的to pass ... 并列,故此处用不定式作目的状语,故填to teach。 8.borrowing　句意:她的寓言借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词,这样开头:“从前,在美国的中心有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境和平共存”。句中已有谓语动词begins,故空处用非谓语动词。her fable与borrow之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,用现在分词作状语,故填borrowing。 9.to do　此处是tell sb. not to do “告诉某人不做……”,故填to do。 10.planning　分析句子可知,本句已有谓语动词flew,故空处应填非谓语动词形式, He与plan之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语,表主动,故填planning。   考法2　非谓语动词作定语——关系分析法 A组　3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 11.Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 12.Shanghai may be the ________ (recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 长难句障碍题 13.They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) 长难句障碍题 14.When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ________ (fall) child. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) B组　全国卷/自主命题卷 15.Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ________ (intend) for everyone. (2023·全国甲卷) 16.From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ________ (build) system of ring roads. (2023·全国乙卷) 长难句障碍题 17.A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. (2022·全国甲卷) 1.逻辑关系解题法——doing/being done/to do/to be done/done ①表被修饰词的用途→doing。如sleeping train。 ②被修饰词与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系→表将来:to do;表主动、进行:doing。 ③提示词与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系→表被动、完成:done;表被动、将来:to be done;表被动、正在进行:being done。 2.提示词解题法——to do ①the first/second等序数词, the last/only/next/right/形容词最高级(+名词)+to do,主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系。 ②名词:plan、promise、wish、intention、hope、failure、attempt等+to do。 ③名词:ability、anxiety、eagerness、determination、patience、willingness等+to do。 ④名词:chance、opportunity、power、strength、 struggle、right、idea、measure、effort等+to do。 3.固定句型法 have sth. to do“有某事要做”,句子主语与所给提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系。 答案与解析　 11.inspired　句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。本句已有谓语, 故空处为非谓语, 动词inspire与被修饰词a six-meter-tall pavilion之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词形式作后置定语,故填inspired。 12.recognized　此处表示“公认的小笼包的发源地”。空处在句中作定语,修饰名词home,且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故填过去分词recognized。 13.visiting　句意:他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈,这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知,空后是名词,空处应作定语;Chinese zookeepers与visit是逻辑上的主谓关系, 用现在分词形式作定语,故填visiting,表“来访的”。 长难句分析:to Chinese zookeepers check on the pandas), from China).  14.falling　空处作定语,表“正在跌落的孩子”,应用现在分词,故填 falling。 15.intended　空处所在句为倒装句,该句主语是message, be intended for “打算为……所用”,在句中作定语,应用过去分词形式,故填intended。 16.built　句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它是3 000多年辉煌历史的家园,即使是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。本句已有谓语,空处用非谓语动词,build和被修饰词system of ring roads为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作定语,表“精心建造的……”,故填built。 长难句分析:, to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with with结果状语 carefully ________ (build) system of ring roads]. 17.to journey　journey为动词,表“旅行”, step前有序数词first,故用不定式作后置定语,填to journey。   考法3　非谓语动词作宾语——句型公式法 A组　3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 18.To eat one, you have to decide whether ________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 长难句障碍题 B组　全国卷/自主命题卷 19.Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. (2024·全国甲卷) 20.As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered. (2023·全国乙卷) 21.Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment. (全国乙卷) 22.After ________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! (全国甲卷) 23.That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ________ (continue) the practice. (2022·浙江高考) 提示词是动词:①若句中已有谓语,且设空处不是作并列谓语而是作介词或动词(短语)的宾语时,应用非谓语动词doing/to do;②利用逻辑主语和非谓语动词的关系确定形式(主谓关系:doing/to do;动宾关系:being done/to be done)。 牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构 ①介词(如by、for、of、with、without、after等)之后加动名词作宾语,注意to的身份识别。主动:doing;被动:being done。 ②若非谓语动词作如下动词(短语)的宾语,用to do:agree、afford、choose、decide、expect、fail、hope、manage、offer、pretend、plan、promise、 refuse、want、wish、would like、determine等。 ③若非谓语动词作如下动词(短语)的宾语,用doing:avoid、admit、allow、advise、consider、escape、enjoy、deny、include、mind、miss、practice、recommend、suggest、feel like、get down to、look forward to等。 ④go on、mean、forget、regret、remember、stop、 try+doing/to do,应结合语境和动词(短语)用法确定填何种形式。 ⑤believe、consider、find、feel、make、think+it+ adj.+to do sth., it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式。 ⑥sth. want/need/require/deserve+doing/to be done,动名词作宾语,主动形式表被动。 答案与解析　 18.to bite　句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆开。 此处是“whether+不定式”结构作decide的宾语, 且空处与下文的to put是并列关系,故填to bite。 19.to catch　句意:国家公园特别吸引我们的注意,因为它们的面积大,种类多。 tend to do sth.,表“倾向于做某事”,不定式作宾语,故填to catch。 20.recording　根据spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”的用法可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填recording。 21.to have　句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行都有,并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据aim to do “旨在,目的是”的用法可知,该处填to have作宾语。 22.spending　设空处作介词After的宾语,且主语we与spend为逻辑上的主谓关系,故填spending。 23.to continue　动词plan后面跟动词不定式作宾语, plan to do sth. “计划做某事”,故填to continue。   考法4　非谓语动词作主语和表语——成分分析法 A组　3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 24.These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders ________ (begin) computer classes. (新高考Ⅱ卷) B组　全国卷/自主命题卷 25.But it is usually possible ________ (include) young people in the same age group who have left school but have not yet started work. (2023·上海高考) 26.On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ________ (get) there. (全国卷Ⅲ) 27.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel ________ (challenge). (全国卷Ⅲ) 1.非谓语动词作主语 ①作主语:表抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作:doing (主动)/being done (被动),表具体某一次的动作:to do。 ②牢记常考句型: a.It’s +adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(+for/of sb.)+to do sth. b.It’s no use/no good/fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth. c.It takes sb.+ some time/money +to do sth. d.It’s worthwhile doing/to do sth. 2.非谓语动词作表语 设空前是系动词(be、get、feel、seem等)时,根据句子结构确定用不定式或分词作表语。 答案与解析　 24.to begin　句意:如今,10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站,二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课,这些都很常见。此处是“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”句式,it为形式主语,真正的主语为不定式,故填to begin。 25.to include　句意:但通常可以将同一年龄段的年轻人包括在内,他们已经离开学校,但尚未开始工作。此处是“it be+adj.+to do”, 不定式作真正的主语, 填to include。 26.to get　It takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth. 为固定句式,意为“花费(某人)多长时间做某事”,该句式中it为形式主语,后面的不定式(短语)为真正的主语。设空处应用动词不定式形式,故填to get。 27.challenged　设空在句中作表语,表“受到挑战的”,故用过去分词作表语。 错解分析　易误填challenging,但是challenging “富有挑战性的”,表某物或某事具有的性质和特征,不符合语境。 细析句子结构,辨清谓语与非谓语,牢记易错动词形式变化 Exercise 1　长难句障碍题+谓语/非谓语 | The Wall Street Journal 　　If exercise seems like a great idea but you can never keep up a routine, it’s worthwhile 　①　 (consider) your exercise “mindset”. Evidence is mounting that targeting some of our habitual beliefs and replacing them with more adaptive ones can enhance our ability 　②　 (keep) ourselves healthy.  For instance, 　③　 (think) about exercise in all-or-nothing terms—“I need at least 30 minutes or there’s no point”—is the enemy of consistency. You want to adopt the mindset that “any and all movement is worth it, and everything 　④　 (count),” says Dr. Michelle Segar, a sustainable-change researcher at the University of Michigan.  Even a quick walk is a deposit toward your well-being. Besides 　⑤　 (bring) generosity and flexibility to how you view your movement, changing your “why” for getting active can also help sustain your motivation. Rather than seeing workouts as a way 　⑥　 (burn) calories or lose weight, it can help focus on more satisfying reasons to do it, like clearing your mind or feeling less stressed.  Approaching the process of exercise as something appealing 　⑦　 (make) a difference. The key is 　⑧　 (focus) on the pleasure that exercise can bring, then pick an activity actually rewarding.  答案与解析　 人们不愿意投身日常运动,除了惰性之外,还有什么原因?怎样的心态能让我们“无痛”坚持运动? ①to consider/considering　考查非谓语动词。根据it is worthwhile doing/to do sth. “值得做某事”的用法可知, 此处用不定式/动名词作主语, 填to consider/considering。 ②to keep　考查非谓语动词。此处作定语,修饰名词ability,应用不定式, 填to keep。 ③thinking　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 句中已有谓语is,空处作主语, 应用动名词, 填thinking。 ④counts　考查动词时态。空处作谓语, 且与句中已有的谓语is、 want 时态一致, 应用一般现在时,填counts。 ⑤bringing　考查非谓语动词。空前是介词Besides,故空处用动名词作宾语, 填bringing。⑥to burn　考查非谓语动词。空处作定语, 修饰名词a way,应用不定式, 填to burn。 ⑦makes　考查动词时态和主谓一致。该句主语是动名词,谓语用单数形式, 此处与上下文时态一致,应用一般现在时, 填makes。 ⑧to focus　考查非谓语动词。空处作表语,解释说明主语The key,应用不定式作表语, 填to focus。 积累　 重点词 ①mount v.逐步增加;登上;爬上;攀登　②target v.面向,把……对准;把……作为攻击目标;把……作为批评的对象 派生词 ①(habit+-ual=) habitual adj.习惯性的;积习很深的　②(adapt+-ive=) adaptive adj.适应的;有适应能力的　③(consist+-ency=) consistency n.一致性;连贯性 合成词 all-or-nothing adj.孤注一掷的 词块 ①sustain one’s motivation保持动力　②clear one’s mind使思路清晰 Exercise 2　长难句障碍题+谓语/非谓语 | The Guardian 　　The restoration of much of Britain’s vast canal network has been a notable and uplifting success story. Originally 　①　 (save) in the 1960s from closures by Labour’s transport secretary, Barbara Castle, —a boat enthusiast who regularly travelled on the Rochdale Canal, many of these formerly 　②　 (work) and polluted waterways have become modern urban oases.  Otters, kingfishers and dragonflies can 　③　 (glimpse) along the 100 miles or so of Birmingham’s canals. In Manchester, barge (驳船) users and walkers can trace the origins of the Industrial Revolution along intersecting routes that crisscross the city. Over the past decades, canal-side regeneration 　④　 (transform) urban landscapes, partly enabled by the thousands of unpaid volunteers who rescued abandoned channels and paved the way for Castle’s vision of “leisure ways” 　⑤　 (become) a reality.  Environmentally rich, historically fascinating and a source of human wellbeing, thriving canals should be a treasured feature of our greener future. The government, however, appears 　⑥　 (have) other ideas.  答案与解析　 英国大量运河的修复是令人振奋的成功故事, 曾经被污染的水道已经变成了现代城市中的一片绿洲。 ①saved　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语have become, 故空处为非谓语,save与waterways是逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用过去分词作状语, 填saved。 ②working　考查非谓语动词。空处作定语,修饰名词waterways, waterways与work“运行”是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作定语, 填working。 长难句障碍题:[Originally in the 1960s from closures by Labour’s transport secretary], Castle, regularly the Rochdale Canal)], formerly . ③be glimpsed　考查动词语态。主语Otters, kingfishers and dragonflies与glimpse是被动关系, 故此处用被动语态, 空前已有情态动词can, 故填be glimpsed。 ④has transformed　考查动词时态。空处作谓语, 句中时间状语是 Over the past decades, 故用现在完成时, 故填has transformed。 长难句障碍题:Over the past decades, (transform) , {partly thousands of unpaid volunteers and for vision “leisure ways”) a reality]}. ⑤to become　考查非谓语动词。who引导的定语从句已有谓语, 空处为非谓语。根据语境“拯救了废弃的渠道,为Castle的‘休闲方式’愿景成为现实铺平了道路”,此处表目的,应用不定式作状语, 填to become。 ⑥to have　考查非谓语动词。根据appear to do sth. “似乎要做某事”, 故填to have。 积累　 重点词 1 intersect v.相交;交叉;横穿;贯穿;横断　②crisscross /̍krɪs̩krɒs/ v. (在……内)纵横交错,交叉;贯穿 ③treasured adj.珍贵的　④uplifting adj.令人振奋的;鼓舞人心的;催人奋进的 派生词 (note+-able=) notable adj.值得注意的;显著的;重要的 词块 pave the way for为……铺平道路 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$