专题3 热点1 第1讲 谓语动词(专题微讲Word)-【赢在微点·考前顶层设计】2025年高考英语大二轮专题复习

专题三善分析基础牢　语法填空得满分 热点一　动词形式最常考,“谓”与“非谓”要辨清 高考命题新角度1　 语法填空长难句障碍题 2023新课标Ⅰ卷、2022新高考Ⅰ卷长难句明显增加,句式结构变得复杂且干扰性强,不容易区分谓语与非谓语。 分析长难句,理清主干,确定谓语与非谓语 1.Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 　①　 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. These plants included modern Western favourites such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a 　②　 (wind) path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors 　③　 (see), too. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷改编)  2.However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________ (offer) in smaller packs. (2024·浙江高考1月) 3.Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, tasty soup and sweet, fresh meat, 　①　 (be) far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive 　②　 (steam) and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 　③　 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷改编)  分析长难句,理清主干,确定谓语与非谓语 1.Further, the greenhouse) (walk) through a journey by the ancient Silk Road), (by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for   定语从句,修饰the ancient Silk Road the first time). such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. also a (wind) visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road). for (see), too. (含多个动词类长难句) 2.However, , if引导条件状语从句 if could sometimes (offer) packs]. (多个从句套用类长难句) 3., amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers), (encasing , (be) . (非核心成分过多类长难句) , , a spill (溢出)], , your tongue].(非核心成分过多类长难句) 答案与解析　 1.①walks　空处为谓语动词,根据下文的“The garden also contains”可知,本句时态为一般现在时,主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。walk sb. through,意为“带领某人穿过……”。 ②winding　空处作定语, 应用非谓语, path 与wind“蜿蜒;曲折而行;迂回”是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作定语, 故填winding。 ③to see　本句已有谓语, 空处为非谓语, 此处表目的, 应用不定式, 填to see。 2.be offered　句意:然而,虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事,但如果有时能以小包装出售,那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”,和主语构成被动关系,主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 3.①are　分析句子结构可知, 空处作谓语, 此处指客观事实,应用一般现在时,该句主语是Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), 为复数概念,故填are。 ②steaming　空处为非谓语, The dumplings与steam是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语。 ③to bite　句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆开。 此处是“whether+不定式”结构作decide的宾语, 且空处与下文的to put是并列关系,故填to bite。 第1讲　谓语动词 考频:一般过去时3年4考>一般现在时3年1考=过去进行时3年1考。 难度↑:①句子结构复杂化;②主从句并列句时态不一致;③无明确时间标志;④不规则动词形式。 2024新课标Ⅰ卷仅有一空考查谓语动词,且考查walk的生义。 2024新课标Ⅰ卷考查谓语动词,对动词形式的考查侧重非谓语动词,长难句增多,类型如下: 1.非核心成分过多类:插入语、定语、状语、同位语等非核心成分过多、谓语与非谓语混淆→锁定谓语,去掉非核心成分,厘清句子主干。 2.含多个主谓类:句中动词多,句子结构难厘清→①首先明确每一个主谓结构代表一个句子,句子之间应该有连词;②并列句要从并列连词处分开,分别分析每个分句的成分;复合句要首先找出从句,从句只充当主句的某个成分。 3.多个从句套用类:从句之中又包含从句,难以识别句子结构,难以确定句中的谓语动词和非谓语动词→①利用连接词和主谓结构的个数厘清主句和从句的层次;②找句子主干,对每一个从句用同样的方法弄清其主干部分。 考法1　动词的时态——4个技巧搞定谓语动词时态 A组　3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 1.Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 2.Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). (2024·浙江高考1月) 3.As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) B组　全国卷/自主命题卷 4.On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming. They ________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. (2024·全国甲卷) 5.In the last five years, Cao ________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents. (2022·全国甲卷) 6.The use of those plastics ________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. (2022·北京高考) 技巧1　有明确的时间标志——时间状语判断法 ①一般现在时:currently等。 ②一般过去时:yesterday、the other day、时间段+ago等。 ③现在进行时:look、listen、now、at present、at this moment/time等。 ④过去进行时:at that time/moment等。 ⑤一般将来时:tomorrow、next week/year、in the future等。 ⑥将来进行时:at six/this time tomorrow等。 ⑦现在完成时:since+时间点、recently、lately、already、so far、ever since、up to/until/by now、during/over/in the last/past+时间段、in/over recent+时间段等。 ⑧过去完成时:by then、by the end of/before+过去的时间点等。 答案与解析　 1.was built　句中时间状语是Two years later, 故该句用一般过去时, 主语为pavilion,与build之间为被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态, 填was built。 2.have started　句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉,包装设计成两半,拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 3.wished　根据空前的“As a little girl”和空后的“when I grew up” “Now, I’m living out that dream”可知,空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望,时态应用一般过去时,故填wished。live out that dream “实现那个梦想”。 4.were　本空前They指代上文提及的four men,句中时间状语为in mid-September 1870,从句谓语是had spent,为过去完成时,本空用一般过去时,故填were。 5.has walked　根据时间状语In the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语Cao为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has walked。 6.has increased　根据句中since 2019可知,此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义,助动词用has。故填has increased。   A组　3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 7.Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 8.He quickly ________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) 9.The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ________ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. (2023·浙江高考1月) B组　全国卷/自主命题卷 10.My heart went out to him, and I ________ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said,“Thanks!”(2024·北京高考) 技巧2　无明确的时间标志——参考语境和并列谓语 (1)语境理解少不了: 仔细分析设空处所在句前后句子中的谓语动词的时态,弄清动作发生的时间及顺序,确定所填谓语动词的时态。 (2)“瞻前顾后”找并列: ①可根据并列连词and、but、or、as well as、rather than、both ... and ...、neither ... nor ...、either ... or ...、 not only ... but (also) ...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 ②如果同一个主语连接两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词时态要一致。 答案与解析　 7.were　主语为Some of the things, “that Tang was writing about”作things 的后置定语。从句是过去进行时,故主句为一般过去时,主语为复数,谓语用were。 8.threw　设空处与and 后面的 started为并列谓语,空处用一般过去时,故填过去式threw。 9.featured　分析句子结构可知,空处需填谓语动词,下一句主从句谓语都为一般过去时,故空处应用一般过去时。故填featured。feature “以……为特色 ;以……为主要组成”。 10.jogged　句中and连接并列句,空处作后句谓语,根据and前的went可知,此处描述过去发生的事,用一般过去时,故填jogged。 A组　3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 11.Henry ________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) 12.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you ________ (be) at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are. (新高考Ⅰ卷改编) B组　全国卷/自主命题卷 13.When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ________ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. (2024·北京高考) 14.The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school ________ (cancel) the party. (2022·天津高考) 技巧3　时态呼应判断法 ①在时间/条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时;主句用一般过去时,从句用各种相应的过去时态。 ②在宾语从句中,如主句用一般过去时,从句应用过去的某种时态;从句表客观事实或真理,用一般现在时。 技巧4　固定句型判断法 ①祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句,陈述句用一般将来时。 ②This/It/That is+the+序数词+time+(that)从句,从句用现在完成时。 ③This/It/That was+the+序数词+time+(that)从句,从句用过去完成时。 ④It is/has been+时间段+since sb./sth. did ... ⑤was/were doing sth. when sb./sth.did ... ⑥no sooner had sb. done sth. than sb./sth. did ... ⑦hardly had sb. done sth. when sb./sth. did ... ⑧by the time+sb./sth. did,主语+had done ... 答案与解析　 11.was fixing　此处是固定句式was/were doing sth. when ... 表“正在做某事,这时……”。此处为Henry正在修车,这时他突然听到尖叫声。主语为第三人称单数, 故填 was fixing。 12.are　分析句子结构可知,空处在once引导的从句中作谓语,主句谓语是一般将来时,故once引导的从句用一般现在时,主语是you,故填are。 结构分析: humans are]. 13.gives　句意:当我们放慢脚步时,我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪,这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域,并给我们做出正确选择的机会。空处在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓语, 且与已有的谓语helps时态一致, 应用一般现在时, 且which指代前边的整个句子, 故从句谓语用第三人称单数形式,故填gives。 14.had cancelled　“学校取消派对”发生在found out 和failed之前,表“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时, 填had cancelled。 考法2　动词的语态 A组　3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 15.The GPNP ________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of“protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) 16.In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. (2023·浙江高考1月) B组　全国卷/自主命题卷 17.What should ________ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. (2024·全国甲卷) 18.On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ________ (name) the world’s oldest living man. (2024·北京高考) 19.Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. (2023·全国乙卷) 解题时首先要找出句子的主语,然后确定主语与动词之间的关系:①主语是动作的发出者,动词则用主动语态;②主语是动作的承受者,则动词用被动语态。只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态。系动词和不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。 牢记常考的几种时态的被动语态以及动词的各种形式的拼写,尤其是不规则动词的现在分词、过去式和过去分词形式。 (1)①一般现在/过去时:am/is/are/was/were done;②一般/过去将来时:will/would be done;③现在/过去进行时:am/is/are/was/were being done;④现在/过去完成时:has/have/had been done。 (2)含有情态动词的被动语态形式:情态动词+be done。 (3)牢记常考的不及物动词(短语),如:remain、happen、occur、belong to等。 答案与解析　 15.is designed　句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语为单数,谓语用单数形式。故填is designed。 16.were permitted　空处在句中作谓语,主语Citizens of higher social classes与其为被动关系,又由前句中In the Ming Dynasty可知,此处用一般过去时的被动语态,故填were permitted。 17.be done　句意:对于这样一个美丽的地方,我们应该做些什么呢?主语what指物,与谓语动词do是被动关系,情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态,故填be done。 18.was named　句意:2024年4月5日,约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知,此处描述过去发生的事,句子应用一般过去时;主语John Tinniswood与name是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语John Tinniswood是单数,be动词用was。故填was named。 19.was amazed　句意:在过去的10年里,我来过几次,我惊叹于新与旧的共存,以及一个城市如何能够在不断发展的同时保留如此丰富的遗产。 主语I和amaze之间是被动关系,应用被动语态, 根据and后的was able to 可知,此处用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was amazed。   考法3　主谓一致 A组　3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 20.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be) previously unprotected. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) 21.Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. (新高考Ⅱ卷) B组　全国卷/自主命题卷 22.The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. (2023·全国乙卷) 长难句障碍题 23.Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ________ (cause) a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. (2023·天津高考) (1)一致原则:①单个主语从句、不可数名词、单数名词,表示距离、时间、金钱等的名词(短语)、单个不定式(短语)或动名词(短语)或不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式; ②定语从句谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词或代词的数保持一致。 (2)就近原则:①or、either ... or ...、neither ... nor ...、not only ... but (also) ...、not ... but ...等连接并列主语时;②在there/here be句式中,谓语动词与最邻近的主语在数上保持一致。 (3)就远原则:“名词/代词+介词(with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/in addition to/including等)+名词/代词”作主语,谓语动词与第一个名词或代词在数上保持一致。 答案与解析　 20.were　空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知,从句的时态应为一般过去时。先行词a significant number of areas为复数,关系代词that指代先行词,在从句中作主语, be动词用复数形式,故填were。 21.was　根据前一句的谓语动词时态和定语从句的谓语动词wrote可知,此处描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时; “one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构中,谓语动词用单数, 故填was。 22.means　空处作谓语,which引导的定语从句谓语是一般现在时,且mean后的宾语从句中谓语也为一般现在时,故此处也应用一般现在时;句子主语为“The remarkable development”,谓语动词应用第三人称单数,故填means。 长难句分析(含多个动词类长难句):, consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world), (mean) something new to discover here, .  23.has caused　句意:人类对动物王国的影响,如狩猎和破坏栖息地,在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。分析句子结构可知, 空处为谓语, 根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时。该句主语是Human impact,谓语用第三人称单数,故填has caused。 细析句子结构,辨清谓语与非谓语,留意牢记易错动词形式变化 Exercise 1　长难句障碍题+谓语/非谓语+熟词生义 | BBC 　　How do storms get their names? There’s quite a logical explanation for naming a storm. It’s simply to make people more aware when severe weather is on the way, with the idea 　①　 (be) you’ll hear the name and you’ll know serious wind, rain or snow is coming. That way, people are better placed 　②　 (keep) themselves and their property safe.  It’s still a relatively new thing. The Met Office started doing it in 2015 along with forecasters in Ireland and then later the Netherlands 　③　 (join) in. A name is given when a storm is expected to cause medium or high impacts, or in weather speak, 　④　 (have) the potential to cause an amber or red warning.  The Met Office asks the public to suggest possible names and a new list is published every year. The A-Z of names, which 　⑤　 (run) from early September to late August, flips between male and female. More than 10,000 submissions 　⑥　 (make) by the UK public last year.  答案与解析　 为什么要为风暴命名? ①being　考查非谓语动词。此处是with复合结构, the idea与be是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作宾补,填being。 ②to keep　考查非谓语动词。此处是短语be well placed to do sth. “适合做某事,处于有利地位”,故填不定式to keep。 ③joined　考查动词时态。句中时间状语是in 2015,且空处与and前的started时态一致,应用一般过去时,故填joined。 ④has　考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,空处在when引导的时间状语从句中作谓语,且与从句中已有的谓语is expected时态一致,应用一般现在时,从句主语是a storm, 故谓语用第三人称单数,故填has。 长难句障碍题:A name is given , in weather speak, 　④　 an amber or red warning)].   ⑤runs　考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知, 空处在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓语, 且与主句谓语flips时态一致,应用一般现在时, which引导的定语从句修饰先行词The A-Z of names, 表单数概念,应用第三人称单数, 故填runs。 ⑥were made　考查动词时态、语态。句中时间状语是last year,故用一般过去时,主语submissions与make是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语是复数名词,故填were made。 积累　 重点词 property n.所有物;财产;财物;不动产;房地产 派生词 (forecast+-er) forecaster n.预测者;(尤指)天气预报员,气象预报员 熟词 生义 run熟义:v. ①跑;奔跑　②参加赛跑　③管理;经营　④流淌;流动　生义:v. ①持续;延续　②提供,开设(服务、课程等)　③(使)运转,运行;操作 语块 与天气相关:①weather speak气象术语　②severe weather恶劣的天气　③cause an amber or red warning发出橙色/红色预警 其他:①a logical explanation for sth.合理的解释　②on the way即将去(或来);就要去(或来);在路上;在行进中　③flip between切换;变化 Exercise 2　长难句障碍题+谓语/非谓语+熟词生义 | New Scientist 　　If your cheeks are subtly warmer than usual, it could be a sign of rising blood pressure that could 　①　 (detect) by artificial intelligence. Little changes like this in the heat patterns of people’s faces could also flag certain other medical conditions, like diabetes, and even be used 　②　 (estimate) age.  With a hand-held thermal imager, researchers 　③　 (capture) facial heat readings and 2D images of over 2,800 volunteers during their annual health check-ups at hospitals between 2020 and 2022. Participants, who were aged between 21 and 88 years old and included a fairly even mix of men and women, 　④　 (pose) for the imaging in a temperature-controlled room while they were calm.The researchers then created software that combined the 2D images with the heat maps to make one thermal facial image for each person.  　⑤　 (compare) the images of people in different age brackets, researchers found clear patterns of heat distribution related to ageing. For example, the nose temperature decreases starting at about the age of 50 in women and by about 60 in men, whereas the temperature of the area around the eyes 　⑥　 (increase).  答案与解析　 ①be detected　考查动词的语态。空处在定语从句中作谓语, 从句修饰先行词a sign, 关系词指代a sign,与detect是被动关系, 故用被动语态, 空前是情态动词could, 故填be detected。 ②to estimate　考查非谓语动词。此处为固定用法be used to do sth. “被用来做某事”, 故填to estimate。 ③captured　考查动词时态。设空在句中作谓语,句中时间状语是between 2020 and 2022,故该句用一般过去时, 故填captured。 ④posed　考查动词时态。设空在句中作谓语,该句的两个从句都是一般过去时,故主句用一般过去时,故填posed。 长难句障碍题:, and (a ) and women)], (pose) for temperature-controlled room] were calm]. ⑤Comparing　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语, 空处为非谓语, researchers与compare是逻辑上的主谓关系, 应用现在分词作状语, 填Comparing。 ⑥increases　考查动词时态。whereas“然而”, 设空在句中作谓语, 且与前面的谓语decreases时态一致, 应用一般现在时, 主语是the temperature, 故谓语用第三人称单数,故填increases。 积累　 重点词 ①subtly [̍sʌtəli] adv.精细地;巧妙地;敏锐地　②reading n. (仪表的)读数 熟词生义 flag熟义:n.旗帜　生义:vt.标示(重要处) 语块 ①annual health check-ups年度健康体检　②age brackets年龄段　 ③related to与……有关 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$