专题2 8招巧“完形”快“填空”(专题微讲Word)-【赢在微点·考前顶层设计】2025年高考英语大二轮专题复习

专题二8招巧“完形”快“填空” 2024新课标Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷完形填空均为记叙文,且文章都不难理解 新课标完形填空以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主,近三年来没有考查说明文或议论文 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2024·新课标Ⅱ卷　体裁:记叙文　主题语境:人与社会——社会文化 　　When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn’t think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 　1　, Italy was the clear winner. 买房选择  During my first visit to Italy, I 　2　 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 　3　 a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 　4　 my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language 　5　. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 　6　 Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 　7　 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It’s these small 　8　 of kindness that make a new country feel like home. 意大利人的热心、善良  As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my 　9　 quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional 　10　, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families 　11　 for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can 　12　. These meals are always 　13　 by laughter and joy. Whatever 　14　 life in Italy might have, the problems are 　15　 once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. 意大利的饮食文化  1.A. study B. rent C. visit D. settle 2.A. planned B. struggled C. refused D. happened 3.A. string B. hang C. mix D. match 词类活用 4.A. improved B. assessed C. admired D. praised 5.A. course B. barrier C. area D. test 6.A. open-minded B. strong-willed C. warm-hearted D. well-informed 合成词 7.A. remind B. allow C. persuade D. order 8.A. tricks B. promises C. acts D. duties 9.A. ambition B. success C. appetite D. growth 10.A. costume B. dish C. symbol D. tale 11.A. gather B. cheer C. leave D. wait高频多义词 12.A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for 13.A. signaled B. confirmed C. represented D. accompanied 14.A. disadvantages B. meanings C. surprises D. opportunities 15.A. created B. forgotten C. understood D. identified 答案与解析　 本文主要讲述了作者十年前选择在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的风土人情。 1.D　由首段首句中的“decided to buy a house in Europe”和空后的“Italy was the clear winner (意大利显然是赢家)” 及下文第二段中的“After I made Italy my permanent home” 可知, 虽然作者喜欢在法国旅行,但最终还是选择在意大利定居。 此处的settle和前面的travel对比,对应中间表转折的but。故选D。study “学习”; rent “租赁”; visit “拜访;访问”; settle “定居”。 2.B　根据上文的“During my first visit to Italy”可知,作者第一次到意大利,后文表达了意大利人对作者的友好,且有转折词But,由此可知,作者初到意大利,语言不通,所以在问路和在餐厅点菜时会遇到困难。故选B。struggle to do sth.“吃力地做某事”; plan “计划”; struggle “挣扎”; refuse “拒绝”; happen “发生”。 3.A　作者刚到意大利时有语言障碍,所以每次在表达自己的意思时,会用意大利语拼凑句子。string a sentence together意为“组织一个句子”,符合语境。hang “悬挂”; mix “混合”; match “配对”。 词汇活用　string n. 细绳;线;带子;一串;弦　v. 用线(或细绳等)串,把……连在一起　string sth. together 把(单词或短语)连成句子 4.D　褒贬色彩法。根据上文的“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知,此处指作者尝试说意大利语,当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选D。improve “改进”; assess “评估”; admire “钦佩”; praise “赞扬”。 5.B　根据上文可知,意大利当地人的鼓励让作者受益良多,此处应是帮助作者克服了语言障碍。course “课程”; barrier “障碍”; area “区域”; test “测试”。 6.C　褒贬色彩法。根据下文邻居的热心行为“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming”和第8空后的kindness 可推知,此处指邻居们是善良、热心的人。故选C。 合成词　①open+mind+-ed=open-minded思想开明的; ②strong+will+-ed=strong-willed思想坚定的;③warm+heart+-ed=warm-hearted热心的; ④well+inform+-ed= well-informed见多识广的 7.A　根据上下文可知,作者的邻居们非常友好,会给他送刚做好的食物,由此可推知,他们会在要下雨的时候提醒作者关好车窗,故选A。remind “提醒”; allow “允许”; persuade “说服;劝说”; order “命令”。 8.C　上文提到作者的邻居们非常友好,会给他送刚做好的食物,会在要下雨的时候提醒作者关好车窗。these 代指上述的一切善意行为。邻居们的这些善举(acts of kindness)让作者在异乡体会到了家的感觉。trick “技巧”; promise “诺言;许诺;承诺”; act “行为”; duty “职责”。 9.C　根据上文的“As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach”可推知,作者是一位美食家,要想抓住他的心、需要先抓住他的胃。本句提到了As a foodie, 与之关系最近的自然是“食欲”,故选C。ambition “雄心”; success “成功”; appetite “食欲”; growth “发育”。 10.B　结合上下文可知,本段内容与意大利饮食有关。再结合下文提到的“every family keeps a recipe”可知,在意大利,每个家庭都有自己的家族食谱,由此可知, 此处指意大利各地都有传统菜肴。故选B。costume “服装”; dish “菜肴”; symbol “象征;符号”; tale “故事”。 11.A　根据下文的“These meals ... by laughter and joy”和“a big meal with friends and family”可知,意大利家庭热爱聚餐,并享受这种美食文化。 cheer “欢呼”; leave “离开”; wait “等待”。 高频多义词　gather v. ①聚集;集合;召集　②收拢,归拢　③搜集,收集　④收割;收获　⑤增加(速度、力量等)　⑥逐渐增加;积聚　⑦收紧,拢起(衣服)　⑧拉近;拥抱 gather sb. in one’s arms 把某人抱在怀里　⑨聚集,积聚(力量、精神等);使做好准备 12.C　意大利人热爱聚餐,因此会想到一切能想到的理由来聚餐。故选C。 put up with “忍受”; stand up for “支持”; come up with “想出”; make up for “弥补”。 13.D　根据下文的“by laughter and joy”可推知,意大利人聚餐总是伴随着欢声笑语。故选D。 signal “示意”; confirm “确认”; represent “代表”; accompany “伴随”。固定搭配 be accompanied by 意为“伴随”。 14.A　根据上文Whatever以及下文“the problems”可推知,此处指在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处。故选A。disadvantage “缺点”; meaning “含义”; surprise “惊喜”; opportunity “机会”。 15.B　根据全文内容可知,本文描述了作者对意大利及其饮食文化的热爱,由此可推知,一旦和朋友、家人坐下来享受一顿美餐,很多问题都能被弃之脑后。create “创造”; forget “忘记”; understand “理解”; identify “识别”。 积累　 重点词 ①permanent [̍pɜːmənənt] adj.永久的;长期的　②recipe [̍resəpi] n.食谱;配方　③appetite [̍æpɪtaɪt] n.食欲;欲望　④costume [̍kɒstjuːm] n.服装;戏装　⑤ambition [æm̍bɪʃn] n.野心,抱负　⑥nowhere [̍nəʊweə(r)] adv.无处;哪里都不 派生词/ 合成词 ①(food+-ie) foodie [̍fuːdi] n.美食家;美食爱好者　②fresh adj.新近的;新近出现的;新近体验的→freshly　adv.刚刚,新近 熟词生义 fuel v. [名词动化]为……提供燃料;增加;加强;刺激 语块 ①ask for directions问路　②when it comes to doing sth.当涉及做某事时　③the language barrier语言障碍 技法1　研读首句定主题 有主题 词意识 完形填空多为记叙文或夹叙夹议文,主题句多在首段首句或尾段,该主题句中的主题词是贯穿全文的高频词,可能会以原词、同义词、近义词、概括词及同范畴词等形式复现。 读首段首句和主题句,提炼主题词,利用信息复现锁定正确答案。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1.　　On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 　①　 the course earlier than she did. Her (delay) came because she was carrying a 　②　 across   the finish line. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 　③　 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She (stopped) to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 　④　. She couldn’t. Bailey then (bent down) to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷片段)  ①A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished ②A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor ③A. race B. school C. town D. training ④A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice 答案与解析　 1.①D　由上文的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”和下文的“carried her all the way to the finish line”可知, Bailey参加越野比赛,在比赛中因为帮助一名参赛者被耽搁了,所以 Melanie Bailey本应该早些跑完全程的。design “设计”; follow“跟随”; change “改变”; finish “完成”。 ②D　由第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”、第二段的 “help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue”及“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知, Bailey是背着Lenoue冲过终点线的, Lenoue是Bailey的竞争对手之一。judge “法官;裁判员”; volunteer “志愿者”; competitor “竞争者; 参赛者”。 ③A　由第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”和第二段的 “two-thirds of the way through”可知, Bailey已经跑了比赛全程的三分之二以上。 race “比赛”; training “训练”。 ④B　根据上文的“help her fellow runner”和“Bailey took her arm”可知,此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走。courage “勇气”; aid “援助”; patience “耐心”; advice “建议”。 技法2　围绕话题找关联 上下 求索 一篇文章往往围绕同一主题展开,相邻的句子往往与同一件事相关,上下文有一定的语义联系,如2023新课标Ⅱ卷完形围绕帮助贫困家庭转运动物展开。 考虑设空处与其他部分、前后句甚至相隔较远的句子之间在语义上的一致性和联系。 2.　　She did not have a chance to go to 　①　. Like in typical families, where boys were (favored) much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do (housework). The only opportunity she could seize to 　②　 was when her brother was having Chinese 　③　 with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening 　④　. This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down—a skill that has turned out to be quite 　⑤　, especially whenever we share the newspaper. (2024·全国甲卷片段)  ①A. work B. school C. court D. press ②A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach ③A. food B. guests C. lessons D. tea ④A. closely B. directly C. nervously D. freely ⑤A. professional B. awkward C. simple D. practical 答案与解析　 2.①B　本句句意:她没有机会去上学。根据下文描述祖母的童年可知,祖母没有机会接受教育。故选B。go to school “上学”。work “工作”; school “学校”; court “法庭”; press “新闻界;报章杂志;报刊;印刷媒体”。 ②B　根据下文的“when her brother was having Chinese 　③　 with the family tutor”可知,这里指的是学习。故选B。exercise “锻炼”; study “学习”; explore “探索”; teach “教”。  ③C　根据下文描述可知,这里指的是中文课程。故选C。food “食物”; guest “客人”; lesson “课程”; tea “茶”。 ④A　根据上文描述祖母的学习经历可知,她在远处仔细听。故选A。closely “仔细地;紧密地”; directly “直接地”; nervously “紧张地”; freely “自由地”。 ⑤D　这种训练教会了她倒着读写中文,这种技能在我们分享报纸时尤其实用。故选D。professional “专业的”; awkward “尴尬的”; simple “简单的”; practical “实用的”。 地道语块　①turn out 结果……;原来是;证明是;结果是; 出席(某项活动);在场;制造;生产　②seize the opportunity 抓住机会 技法3　行文逻辑看标志 衔接意识 句子内部、句与句之间及段落之间起衔接作用的标志词承上启下,提示答题线索。 3.　　... But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 　①　 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, (shiny) things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can’t be any 　②　, we thought. But we were 　③　 his kindness, so we (tried) them.(2023·全国甲卷片段)  ①A. worried B. moved C. thrilled D. bored ②A. more B. good C. new D. easy ③A. sympathetic to B. thankful for C. cautious about D. interested in 4.　　... Nowadays supermarket tomatoes (look) perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a 　①　 memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can 　②　 them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was 　③　. (2023·全国甲卷片段)  ①A. happy B. vivid C. short D. vague ②A. clean B. check C. count D. pack ③A. perfect B. useful C. convenient D. familiar 答案与解析　 3.①A　根据下文中的“because they were so misshapen”可以推测, Mario送来了一些奇形怪状的西红柿,这让作者很担忧。worried “担心的”; moved “感动的”; thrilled “非常兴奋的,极为激动的”; bored “厌烦的”。 ②B　根据上文对西红柿的描述及“the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it”可知, These指西红柿和酒,作者觉得这些东西的质量也好不到哪里去。 ③B　由转折词But和空后的“his kindness”可知,作者感激Mario的善意。be sympathetic to “对……表示同情”; be thankful for “对……表示感激”; be cautious about “对……谨慎”; be interested in “对……感兴趣”。 4.①A　上文提到超市里的西红柿看起来很完美,但寡而无味,结合常识可知,这样的西红柿无法给人们留下美好的回忆。vivid “(记忆、描述等)生动的,逼真的,(光、颜色等)鲜艳的,鲜明的”; vague “不明确的,不清楚的,(形状)模糊的”。 ②D　上文吐槽超市卖的西红柿,本句依然是对这些西红柿的吐槽。根据“grow square ones”和“a surprise”可知,此处作者是在用反讽的方式。 so that 引导目的状语从句,其后表结果:正方形的西红柿好打包。clean “打扫”; check “检查”; count “计数”; pack “包装”。 ③A　此句前后内容为转折关系。 Mario的酒可能有点浑浊,用一个旧瓶子装着,但酒味道不错,很完美。perfect “完美的”; useful “有用的”; convenient “方便的,便利的”; familiar “熟悉的,常见的,普通的”。 技法4　平行结构找规律 平行 对称 A+并列连词+B,是平行结构,A和B是意义相同或相近、感情色彩相同的词汇。 并列连词:and, or, as well as, not only ... but (also) ..., either ... or ..., rather than, than 相同/类似的句式/结构所表达的内容一般在方向和感情色彩上保持一致,利用该特征可帮助解题。 5.　　To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she (knew) best. She had to 　①　 her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 　②　 to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to (ride) waves on her board. (2023·全国乙卷片段)  ①A. take up B. pack up C. clean up D. do up ②A. goodbye B. hello C. thanks D. no Gabby Douglas had to leave everything ... She had to ... She had to say ... 三个句式相同, 第一句描述Gabby Douglas不得不离开自己所熟悉的一切。后面两个句子所表达的内容在感情色彩和方向上与第一个句子一致。 答案与解析　 5.①B　take up “拿起”; pack up “打行李;收拾行装”; clean up “清理”; do up “包起来”。在这个语境中,Gabby需要“收拾”(pack up)她的卧室,故选B。 ②A　她不得不对她的两只狗和她喜欢冲浪的海滩说再见。say goodbye to “告别;离开;与……告别”; say hello to “向……问好”; say thanks to “向……道谢”; say no to “拒绝”。 地道语块　ride waves 冲浪 技法5　褒贬词汇话外音 褒贬语境 完形填空中选用的特定的褒义词或贬义词表达了作者的感情、观点和态度。 勿按照自己的内心妄加联系,而应站在作者的角度体会作者所用词汇的褒贬含义,感作者所感。 6.　　My childhood is quite 　①　 compared with hers. I am 　②　 that I did not need to (go through) the hardships like she did. I’ve never faced the problem of (education). I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to (talk) to: her stories always make my history textbooks (come alive). (2024·全国甲卷片段)  ①A. difficult B. complex C. happy D. similar ②A. grateful B. surprised C. convinced D. regretful 答案与解析　 6.①C　根据下文“I did not need to go through the hardships like she did”可知,作者的童年与祖母的童年相比要快乐。故选C。difficult “困难的”; complex “复杂的”; happy “快乐的”; similar “相似的”。 ②A　根据上文描述可知,祖母经历了许多艰难困苦,作者庆幸自己不需要经历这些。故选A。 grateful “感激的”; surprised “惊讶的”; convinced “确信的”; regretful “后悔的”。 地道语块　①go through 经历　②come alive 引起兴趣;生动起来;兴致勃勃;有精神起来 技法6　借助搭配巧变通 结合语境 完形填空中常考查固定搭配的使用和相似形式的固定搭配。 结合语境辨别搭配,并注意所填词与空前空后词语的搭配。 7.　　It would have been easy to 　①　 my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, (multi-skilled), and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he (showed) me just how much one can gain from (travelling) with an open mind, and a willingness to 　②　 with locals from all walks of life. (2024·浙江高考1月片段)  ①A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with ②A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage 答案与解析　 7.①B　根据下文的“... this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home”可知,这是位公路建设者,从未出过远门,所以作者很容易依靠自己的假设(刻板印象)对他进行判断。故选B。look into “调查”; rely on “依靠”; go over “复习”; deal with “处理”。 ②D　在几个小时的时间里,他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行,并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道,会有多么大的收获。 cooperate with “与……合作”; side with “支持某人;和某人站在一起”; negotiate with “与……谈判/磋商/协商”; engage with “与……建立密切关系;尽力理解”。故选D。 积累　 派生词/ 合成词 ①admire→admirable [̍ædmərəbl] adj.可钦佩的;值得赞赏的;令人羡慕的 ②assume→assumption [ə̍sʌmpʃn] n.假定;假设　③informed [ɪn̍fɔːmd] adj.有学问的;有见识的 ④multi-skilled adj.有多种技能的 熟词生义 local adj.地方的;当地的;本地的　n.当地人;本地人 语块 ①in the course of在……的过程中　②from all walks of life来自各行各业 ③with an open mind虚心地;怀着开放的心态 技法7　多增见识快解题 常识经验 完形填空的语篇中常渗透各种背景知识和常识。 根据风俗习惯、文化历史等方面的常识和具体语境,仔细判断,确定正确答案。 8.　　It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re 　①　, and as close as possible to where they were 　②　. What Mario had (given) us was the taste of the Garfagnana.(2023·全国甲卷片段)  ①A. on view B. on sale C. in season D. in need ②A. finished B. stored C. found D. grown 答案与解析　 8.①C　根据前文的“It’s good to eat things at the correct time”和常识可知,食物在应季食用,当令的时候吃该食物口感是最好的。故选C。on view “在展出”; on sale “出售,折价销售”; in season “当令的”; in need “贫困的,困难中的”。 ②D　根据前文的“It’s good to eat things”以及“as close as possible to where”可知,此处指吃附近种植的食物最好。根据where结合常识,应是在靠近它们种植的地方。finish “完成”; store “贮存”; find “找到”; grow “种植;生长;成长”。 技法8　代入排除四选一 代入选项 完形填空中有些空无法利用上下文语境直接得出答案,宜采用排除法。 先排除明显错误的选项,缩小选择范围→将选项代入→再翻译对比,确定答案。 9.　　“I often (invited) them to drink alcohol. Once they were 　①　, they began to talk a lot,” Wang said. “I’d then 　②　 myself to use the toilet, (note down) what the beggars said, and send the (information) to my teammates.” (新高考Ⅱ卷片段)  ①A. drunk B. deserted C. bored D. lost ②A. guide B. persuade C. excuse D. allow 答案与解析　 9.①A　根据常识“酒后吐真言”可知,答案为A。drunk “喝醉的”。 ②C　结合常识可知,王先生借口去上厕所记下乞丐所说的话,发信息给队友。 excuse “请求准予离开;(离开前)请求原谅”。 猜测阅读障碍词的能力　(2024新课标Ⅱ卷完形+8个技法对应片段) 重点词 permanent adj. ①永久的;长期的 appetite n. ②食欲;欲望 派生词/ 合成词 assume+-ption →assumption n. ③假定;假设 multi-+skill+-ed →multi-skilled adj. ④有多种技能的 admire+able →admirable adj. ⑤可钦佩的;值得赞赏的;令人羡慕的 fresh+-ly→ freshly adv. ⑥刚刚,新近 熟词生义 string 熟义:n.细绳;线;带子;一串;弦 生义:v. ⑦用线(或细绳等)串,把……连在一起 fuel 熟义:n.燃料 生义:vt. ⑧为……提供燃料;增加;加强;刺激 地道短语 string sth. together ⑨把(单词或短语)连成句子 engage with ⑩与……建立密切关系;尽力理解 文本语法填空再利用　 As a ①foodie (food), the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere ②fuels (fuel) my appetite quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional dish, and every family keeps a recipe ③passed (pass) from one generation to another. Families gather for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other ④excuses (excuse) they can come up with. These meals are always accompanied by ⑤laughter (laugh) and joy. Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems ⑥are forgotten (forget) once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.   学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$