专题1 完形填空词汇新角度题(专题微讲Word)-【赢在微点·考前顶层设计】2025年高考英语大二轮专题复习

第二部分　语言运用 专题一完形填空词汇新角度题 新高考完形填空对具体语境中课标生僻词、一词多义、熟词生义、派生词和合成新词的考查越来越多 2024新课标Ⅰ卷原文涉及派生词; 2024新课标Ⅱ卷选项涉及合成新词;2023新课标Ⅰ卷原文和选项中涉及对熟词生义、课标生僻词和合成新词的考查;2023新课标Ⅱ卷选项中对派生词的考查较多 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2024·新课标Ⅰ卷　体裁:记叙文　主题语境:人与自我——个人成长 　　I’ve been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks’ achievements all my life. 引入主旨, 主题词: motivated, demotivated, achievements→下文围绕主题词展开 　　When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 　1　 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 　2　, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 　3　 for a “super”, referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles. To be honest, I 　4　 it! Between the girl making my 　5　 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 　6　 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! Goal 1—running : motivated→demotivated   motivated 　　So I 　7　 cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 　8　 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 　9　 her bike and went for a ride. The 　10　: the roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 　11　. That day, I got 　12　 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 　13　. Goal 2—riding: motivated →demotivated demotivated 　　I’ve 　14　 a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever 　15　 I set for myself, they just have to be my own. 回应主题—经历后的总结: a suitable goal  1.A. knew B. held C. won D. quit 2.A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently 3.A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training 4.A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved 5.A. advantage B. achievement C. contribution D. influence 6.A. way B. risk C. place D. reason 7.A. gave up B. went on C. turned to D. dealt with 8.A. heard B. dreamed C. complained D. approved 9.A. painted B. borrowed C. bought D. parked 10.A. problem B. secret C. principle D. advice 11.A. dangers B. events C. opponents D. challenges 12.A. passed B. convinced C. admired D. stopped 对点题 13.A. reliable B. convenient C. familiar D. appealing 14.A. traveled B. matured C. missed D. worried 对点题 15.A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests 教师·独具 段落 主旨 主要内容 第1段 引入主题 作者受他人成就的激励和挫败。 第2~3段 事例支撑 第2段:作者受邻居朋友激励开始跑步,但遇到一个在训练超双马拉松赛的女孩,使他感到自己成就的渺小,开始厌倦跑步。 第3段:作者转向骑自行车,并梦想参加比赛,但在圣迭戈骑行时受挫,面对挑战失去热情。 第4段 总结升华 总结升华呼应首段:强调设定自己的目标,不再受他人影响。 答案与解析　 本文主要讲述了主人公受到他人成就的激励,盲目跟风,尝试过跑步和骑自行车,最终意识到无论为自己设定什么目标,都必须切实可行、适合自己。 1.C　根据首段中的“by other folks’ achievements”和后文“Feeling motivated”可知,此处指邻居朋友的成就,即赢得马拉松比赛,让作者有了动力。故选C项。 know “知道”; hold “抓住”; win “赢得”; quit “放弃”。 2.A　根据前文的“Feeling motivated” 可知,作者有了动力,所以应该是经常跑步 。故选A项。regularly “定期地;有规律地”; silently “默默地”; proudly “自豪地”; recently “最近”。 3.D　根据后文的“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知,女孩要跑“超级”双程马拉松,所以此处是正在为之训练。故选D项。ask “要求”; look “看”; wait “等待”。 词类活用　train n.火车;列车　vt.训练;培训;接受训练;教育;培养……的能力(或素质) 4.C　褒贬色彩法。根据下文的“the pure boredom of jogging”及“... I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me”都暗含作者讨厌跑步, 故此处指作者讨厌长跑。故选C。make “制造”; believe “相信”; hate “讨厌”; deserve “应得”。 5.B　词汇复现法。由上文提到女生为52.4英里的双程马拉松比赛进行训练,而作者最长的跑步距离才15英里可知,和她的相比,作者的成就显得微不足道。再根据首段中“by other folks’ achievements”,故选B项。achievement为原词复现。advantage “优势”; achievement “成就”; contribution “贡献”; influence “影响”。 6.D　根据上文的“the only”及下文的“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me”可知,“我”下定决心,只有被狗追赶,“我”才会再次跑步,这是“我”再次跑步的唯一原因或理由。故选D。way “方式”; risk “风险”; place “地方”; reason “原因”。 7.C　根据上文的“decided that the only 　6　 I’d ever run again”及下句“I got a good bike and rode a lot”可知,作者放弃跑步,转向骑自行车。故选C。give up “放弃”; go on “继续”; turn to “转向;求助于”; deal with “处理”。  8.B　根据上文的“I got a good bike and rode a lot.”及下文的“entering cycle races”可知,作者梦想着参加自行车比赛。故选B项。hear “听到”; dream “梦想”; complain “抱怨”; approve “赞成”。 高频多义词　enter v. ①进来;进去;进入　②成为……的一员;加入;开始从事:enter a school/college/university 考入学校/学院/大学　③开始参加;开始进入;着手进行　④报名参加,为……报名参加(考试、比赛等)　⑤登记,登录,输入(姓名、号码、细节等) 9.B　根据上文的“While she was at work one day”以及下文的“went for a ride”可知,作者借了自行车(借了自行车,才能去骑车)。故选B。paint “画”; borrow “借”; buy “买”; park “停车”。 10.A　根据下文的“the roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time”可知,那里的路穿过大山谷,所以作者需要一次骑好几英里的上坡路,这是作者遇到的问题。problem “难题,棘手的问题”; secret “秘密”; principle “原则”; advice “建议”。 11.D　在上文中提到作者骑车穿越大山谷,需要不断上坡,因此这是一种挑战。 danger “危险”; event “事件”; opponent “对手”; challenge “挑战”。 12.A　根据下文的“by about 100 ‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads”可知,当地自行车手习惯了在这种上坡路上骑行,故此处指作者被大约 100 名当地自行车手超过了。 pass “超过”; convince “说服”; admire “钦佩”; stop “停止”。 高频多义词　pass v. ①走过;经过　②前行;穿过　③通过　④给;递;传递　⑤推移;逝去　⑥消磨;度过;打发　⑦考试及格; 通过(考试)　⑧(被)通过　n. ①及格;合格;通过　②通行证;车票;乘车证　③越过;飞跃 13.D　上文提到作者在上坡路上骑行遇到的挑战及被当地自行车手赶超,由此推出作者应该很受挫,所以回家后觉得骑自行车不再那么有吸引力了。reliable “可靠的”; convenient “方便的”; familiar “熟悉的”; appealing “吸引人的”。 14.B　通过“我”的两次经历及下文的“I’ve come to accept that ...”可知,“我”应该是成熟了许多。travel “旅行”; miss “错过”; worry “担心”。 ( 熟词生义 　 mature 熟义 : adj. ① 明白事理的 ; 成熟的 ; 像成人似的 　 ② 成熟的 ; 发育完全的 生义 : ① adj. 成熟的 ; 技艺精湛的 ; 创作于晚年的 　 ② 发酵成熟的 ; 酿成的 　 v. ① 成熟 ; 长成 　 ② ( 情感和认识 ) 成熟 ; 有判断力 　 ③ 使 ( 技能或素质 ) 成熟 ; 充分发展 ) 15.C　本篇文章讲述了作者如何被他人的成就激励,但又因感到自己的努力相形见绌而气馁,最终认识到设定目标应该是适合自己的。故用goal, 同时呼应第一段里的other folks’ achievements。故选C。limit “限制”; date “日期”; goal “目标”; test “测试”。 积累　 重点词 uphill [̩ʌp̍hɪl] adv.朝上坡方向,向山上　adj.上坡的 派生词 ①motivate vt.激励→motivated adj.有积极性的→demotivated adj.失去动力的　②bore vt.使厌烦→boredom [̍bɔːdəm] n.无聊;厌倦　③appeal vi.呼吁,吸引→appealing [ə̍piːlɪŋ] adj.吸引人的,有魅力的 熟词生义 ①enter vt.报名参加　②mature v.成熟;有判断力 语块 与骑行相关:①cycle races骑行比赛　②go for a ride去骑车　③ride uphill骑上坡　④get passed by被超过 与跑步相关:①win a marathon race在一场马拉松比赛中获胜　②run after追着……跑 其他:①come to accept终于接受,渐渐认识到　②turn to sth.改为做某事　③set a goal for oneself为自己设定目标 完形填空词汇新角度题 派生词/合成新词:如2024新课标Ⅰ卷的demotivated、 boredom, 2024新课标Ⅱ卷的well-informed, 2024浙江高考1月的multi-skilled,2023新课标Ⅰ卷中的checkpoint。 词类活用/熟词生义/高频多义词:如2024新课标Ⅰ卷中的多义词enter,词类活用mature。 生僻词/地道语块:2024浙江高考1月中的engage with, 2024新课标Ⅱ卷中的stand up for,2024全国甲卷中的as always、 here and now等。 高考完形填空除了选项中会出现由课标词加词缀派生或两个课标词合成而来的词外,语篇中也会有涉及。此类词是课标词汇的延伸,应学会通过构词法巧推词义,并在平时积累背诵。 新角度1　高频多义词　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　1.　　In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight (budget). They could not afford to pay for (transportation) for their dog, Tiffy, and 　①　 wanted to take her with them. 叙述对方的困难  　　It just 　②　 that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who 　③　 to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to 　④　 Tiffy. 位置变换要弄清  When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very (nervous). George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was (hard) for him, having to leave his dog to a (stranger) and trust that everything would 　⑤　. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷片段)  ①A. desperately B. temporarily C. secretly D. originally ②A. appeared B. proved C. happened D. showed ③A. waited B. offered C. hurried D. failed ④A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up ⑤A. speed up B. work out C. come back D. take off 答案与解析　 1.①A　根据第三段狗主人的紧张表现可知,主人对宠物狗非常在意,因此即使他们预算紧张,不能支付狗的运输费用,但是他们在网上发帖子求助,可见他们非常想带上狗。desperately “非常,拼命地”; temporarily “暂时”; secretly “秘密地”; originally “原来,起初”。 熟词生义　desperately 熟义:adv. 绝望地　生义:adv. 拼命地,不顾一切地 ②C　根据首段中“I saw a post on the PNP”和下文中的“I was planning another PNP flight”可知,作者碰巧有个PNP飞行计划。It just happened that ... “碰巧……”。appear “似乎”; prove “证明”; show “显示”。 熟词生义　happen 熟义:vi.发生,出现　生义:linking verb 恰好;碰巧 ③B　根据下文中的“take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia”以及下文的叙述可知,另一个飞行员Karen主动提出把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。wait “等待”; offer “提供,主动提出”; hurry “匆忙”; fail “失败”。 ( 熟词生义 　 offer 熟义 : vt. 提供 ( 某物给某人 ); 主动提出 ; 自愿给予 　 n. 主动提议 ; 建议 ; 出价 生义 : n. 报价 ; 减价 , 削价 ; 处理价 ; 特价 ) ④D　上文提到狗在托皮卡市,作者飞往托皮卡就是为了接Tiffy。see off “为……送行”; look for “寻找”; hand over “移交”;pick up “接(某人),取(某物)”。 ( pick up 一词多义 +sb. 作宾语 : ①举 / 抱起某人 　 ② pick yourself up ( 跌倒或被击倒后 ) 慢慢站起身 　 ③ ( 开车 ) 接人 , 接载 ; 搭载 　 ④ 营救 , 搭救 +sth. 作宾语 : ①捡起 ( 拿起 , 拾起 ) 某物 　 ② ( 开车 ) 接 ; 取 　 ③ 染上 ( 疾病 ) 　 ④ 接收 ( 信号、声音、图像等 ) 　 ⑤ ( 不费力地 ) 学会 ; 获得 　 ⑥ ( 碰巧或廉价地 ) 买到 　 ⑦ 收拾 ; 整理 ( 房间、房子 ) pick up a room 整理房间 　 ⑧ 察觉 ; 发现 ; 注意到 pick up the faint sound of a car 听到远处传来微弱的汽车声 　 ⑨ 重新开始 ; 继续 　 Let ’ s pick up where we left off yesterday. 咱们从昨天停下的地方继续吧。 　 ⑩ 加速 　 Brian started the engine and pulled away slowly , and then picked up speed. 布赖恩发动引擎 , 慢慢驶离 , 然后开始加速。 不及物 : ① ( 经济、健康状况等 ) 改善 ; 好转 　 Things are picking up. 情况开始好转。 　 ② ( 风 ) 变大 ; 变强 　 The wind is picking up now. 现在风愈刮愈大了。 ) ⑤B　根据上文中的“leave his dog to a (stranger)”可知,他不得不相信一切都会进展顺利。speed up “加速”; work out “解决;进展顺利”; come back “再度流行”; take off “突然成功”。 ( work out 一词多义 及物 :work ... out: ①计算 ; 算出　②设法弄懂某物　③制订出 不及物 : ①锻炼身体 ; 做运动 　 ② 好起来 ; 进展顺利 work out well/as planned 进展顺利 / 按计划进行 ) 积累 重点词 budget n.预算　vi. & vt.把……编入预算;谨慎花钱 新角度2　词类活用/熟词生义 针对词类活用,首先应从其充当的句子成分入手,准确判断其词性,然后根据语境,确定其准确含义。 2.　　Born just before WWⅡ, my grandmother 　①　 an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to (school). Like in typical families, where boys were 　②　 much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do (housework). (2024·全国甲卷片段)  ①A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced ②A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged 3.　　... The sky was clear when we (headed off), but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ________ our peaceful morning trip. The (wind) picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to (start) the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No (luck). We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷片段)  A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded 答案与解析　 2.①D　根据下文的“an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine”可推知,此处指祖母经历的童年与作者的不同。故选D。adjust “调整;调节;适应;习惯”; promote “促销;推销; 促进;提升;晋升”; achieve “完成;达到”; experience n. “经验;实践; 经历;阅历;体验”　vt. “经历;经受;遭受; 感受;体会;体验”。 ②A　根据上文的“She did not have a chance to go to (school).”并结合语境可推知,此处指作者的祖母生活的年代是重男轻女的,所以祖母才不被允许上学, 不得不待在家里做家务。故选A。tolerate “容忍”; trust “信任”; acknowledge “承认”。favor n. “赞同;支持;特别照顾;偏袒;偏爱;帮助;好事;恩惠”　vt. “优惠;特别照顾;偏袒;有助于;有利于;较喜欢;选择”。 3.B　根据上文的“storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文的“our peaceful morning trip”可推知,此处指风暴来临,作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B。 arrange “安排”; interrupt “中断”; complete “完成”; record “记录”。 ( 词类活用 　 ① dead 熟义 : adj. 死的 ; 过时的 　 n. 死人 　 生义 : adj. ( 因为缺电 ) 不运行的 , 不转动的 ② roll 熟义 : v. 翻滚 ; 滚动 ; 翻身 　 生义 : v. 发出持续的声音 ) 新角度3　派生/合成而来的新词 合成词的词义通常是组成合成词的各个单词的含义的组合,遇到此类单词可将其拆解为自己熟悉的单词, 明确各个单词的含义,再组合其意思,推测含义。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 4.　　After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me (load) Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and (call) them as soon as we got to Kansas City. 作者: Topeka→Kansas City (Karen) The flight was 　①　, and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she (flew) with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so 　②　 and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷片段) ①A. unnecessary B. unexpected C. unavoidable D. uneventful 课标派生词汇 ②A. thankful B. generous C. proud D. sympathetic 5.　　The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to (witness) a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives (蜂箱) are placed in the 　①　. Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 　②　.  I (followed) beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He (gathered) handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and (lit) the bunch to create a torch (火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began (climbing). He stopped every few minutes to move the (rope) higher up the tree trunk. 　③　, Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. (2023·浙江高考1月片段)  ①A. courtyards B. fields C. treetops D. caves ②A. urgent B. dangerous C. expensive D. pointless ③A. Finally B. Surprisingly C. Naturally D. Immediately 拆词解意　除①小题选项中设置的合成词treetop外,该片段中的合成词还有: south-east “东南方的”, hand-carved =hand+carve+-d “手工雕刻的”, beekeeper= bee+keep+-er “养蜂人”, grassland=grass+land “草地”。 答案与解析　 4.①D　平行结构解题。根据下文中的“Tiffy was a great passenger”可知,这次飞行是很顺利的。unnecessary (un-不+necessary 必要的) “不必要的”; unexpected (un-不+expect 预料+-ed) “出乎意料的”; unavoidable (un-不+avoid+able 可……的) “无法避免的”; uneventful (un-不+event+-ful 充满……的→没什么大事的) “平淡的;平静无事的”。 ②A　平行结构解题。根据下文中的“sent me a nice e-mail with pictures”可知, George非常感激作者。thankful (thank+-ful) “感激的”; generous “慷慨的,大方的”; proud “自豪的,骄傲的”; sympathetic (sympathy+-etic) “同情的,有同情心的”。 5.①C　由下文的“Reaching them to get the honey is difficult”和“got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground”可推知, 蜂箱离地面很高,应该是挂在树梢上。 合成词tree+top=treetop (树梢)。 ②B　正因为蜂箱挂在树梢上,所以拿到蜂箱很危险,空处与and前的difficult呼应。 urgent “紧急的”; dangerous “危险的”; expensive “昂贵的”; pointless “无意义的” [point (意义)+-less (无)=pointless (无意义的)]。 ③A　经过不断攀爬和移动绳索,养蜂人最终到达了离地面约20米高的蜂箱。 finally “最终;终于”; surprisingly “令人惊讶地”; naturally “顺理成章地;自然地”; immediately “立刻”。 新角度4　生僻词汇/地道语块 6.　　Once there, Lenoue was 　①　 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme (pain) to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help. As for Bailey, she is more (confused) about why her act is considered a big 　②　. “She was just crying. I couldn’t (leave) her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷片段)  ①A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated对点题 ②A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal 7.　　One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the (kitchen) to help my grandmother wash dishes. ________, my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood. Born just before WWⅡ, my grandmother (experienced) an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. (2024·全国甲卷片段) A. As always B. By the way C. For example D. Here and now 答案与解析　 6.①B　根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知,她是先接受了检查,再被送往医院,也就是先接受评估。 interrupt “打断; 中断”; assess “评估”; identify “确认; 认出; 发现”; appreciate “感激”。 合成词　checkpoint n. 检查点 ②D　根据后文Bailey的回答“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”可知, Bailey觉得自己只是做了一件该做的事,所以让她疑惑的是为什么认为她的行为很了不起。 地道语块　a big deal 非常重要的/令人激动的事/情况 7.A　根据语境,结合下文的“my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood”可推知,此处指作者的祖母经常给作者讲童年故事,这次一如既往地给作者讲她童年的故事。故选A。as always “一如既往;像往常一样”; by the way “顺便说一句”; for example “例如”; here and now “此时此地”。 猜测阅读障碍词的能力　(2024新课标Ⅰ卷完形+4个角度对应片段) 重点词 uphill adv. ①朝上坡方向,向山上 adj. ②上坡的 budget n. ③预算 派生词/ 合成词 de-+motivated →demotivated adj. ④失去动力的 event→eventful →uneventful n. ⑤平淡的;平静无事的 bore+-dom →boredom n.⑥无聊;厌倦 check+point =checkpoint n. ⑦检查点 熟词 生义 train 熟义:n.火车; 列车 生义: vt. ⑧训练;培训;接受训练;教育;培养……的能力(或素质) mature 熟义:adj.明白事理的;成熟的;像成人似的 生义:v. ⑨成熟;有判断力 dead 熟义:adj.死的; 过时的　n.死人 生义:adj. ⑩(因为缺电)不运行的,不转动的 roll 熟义:v.翻滚;滚动;翻身 生义:v. 发出持续的声音 地道语块 a big deal 非常重要的/令人激动的事/情况 as always 一如既往 文本语法填空再利用　 When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend won a marathon race. Feeling ①motivated (motivate), I started running regularly, but then two things ②happened (happen). First, a girl I met one day told me she was training for a “super”, ③referring (refer) to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my ④longest (long) run—15 miles. To be honest, I hated it! Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure ⑤boredom (bore) of jogging, I decided that the only reason I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$