专题1 定位比对,同义转述　全对细节理解题(专题微讲Word)-【赢在微点·考前顶层设计】2025年高考英语大二轮专题复习

第一部分　阅读 专题一定位比对,同义转述　全对细节理解题 细节理解题 细节理解题主要有3种:直接信息理解、综合信息理解和数据计算,都是对文章具体信息提问(如what、why、how many/much、where、when、which等),相对简单。 A篇应用文 2024新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷阅读A篇都是应用文,主要考查提取信息和处理信息的能力,既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合,又注重对推理判断题的考查(如2022新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A篇第21小题考查文章出处),题目设置相对容易。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·A　体裁:应用文　主题语境:人与社会——志愿服务 HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM 主旨+关键词 Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge.We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. 关键词 Habitat Restoration Team, volunteers GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING 小标题是答题信息定位关键 Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan.15　10:00 am-1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan.22　10:00 am-2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan.29　9:30 am-2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 1.What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks. C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research. 2.What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18. 3.What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. 答案与解析　 这篇文章主要介绍了“栖息地修复团队”(Habitat Restoration Team)的活动、目标、参与者的要求和即将举行的活动。 1.C　综合信息理解题。根据题干关键部分“the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team”定位到第一段中的“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas”和“play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species”可知,栖息地修复团队的志愿者帮助恢复和保护自然区域并在恢复敏感资源和保护濒危物种方面发挥至关重要的作用,由此可知该工作队的目标是保护当地的生态系统,故选C。 “protect the local ecosystem”概括了原文的“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas”和“restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species”。 2.B　直接信息理解题。根据题干关键部分“the lower age limit”定位到小标题AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING 下的第一句“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.(欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者)”,可知加入栖息地修复工作队的最低年龄限制是 10岁,故选B。 3.B　综合信息理解题。根据小标题AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING 下的第三段第一句“We’ll be working rain or shine.”可知,做这份工作需要风雨无阻, 即“志愿者即使在恶劣天气下也要工作”,这与选项B相符。 积累　 重点词 ①habitat [̍hæbɪtæt] n.栖息地　②section [̍sekʃn] n.部分;部门　③review [rɪ̍vjuː] vt.复查;重新考虑　④sunscreen [̍sʌnskriːn] n.防晒霜　⑤ridge [rɪdʒ] n.山脊;山脉　⑥upcoming [̍ʌpkʌmɪŋ] adj.即将来临的/发生的 派生词/ 合成词 ①guard vt.警卫;守卫;保卫→guardian [̍ɡɑːdɪən] n.监护人;保护者　②restore vt.恢复→restoration [restə̍reɪʃn] n.恢复,复原　③remove vt.移除→removal [rɪ̍muːvl] n.移除,排除　④approve vt.赞成;同意;批准,认可→approval [ə̍pruːvl] n.赞成;批准;认可　⑤sensitive adj.敏感的→sensitivity [̩sensə̍tɪvətɪ] n.敏感性,灵敏度 熟词 生义 layer [̍leɪə(r)] n.层;表层,文中指“衣服” 语块 生态保护相关:①habitat restoration栖息地修复　②restore sensitive resources恢复易受影响的/需特别保护的资源　③protect endangered species保护濒危物种　④conduct biological research进行生物学研究　⑤play a vital role in在……中起极其重要的作用 招募工作相关:①fill out ... form填写……表　②under the age of……岁以下　③age limit年龄限制 习语:rain or shine (习语)不论天气好坏,风雨无阻 高考英语阅读A篇一般包括以下类型:广告、通知、海报、启事、产品宣传、旅游指南、招生、招聘等。文本中的加粗、大写、下划线、括号或图表等有助快速定位答题线索。 熟悉3种结构特点 1.大标题+小标题　文章分为几部分,各部分围绕小标题说明(如2024和2023新课标Ⅰ卷A篇,2024新课标Ⅱ卷A篇),大标题或串联小标题就是文章主旨。 2.表格(+文本)　表格每行或每列说明一个主题/事件/人物(如2023全国乙卷A篇)。 3.平行段落　(时间、地点、事件等)信息以相同顺序在不同段落呈现(如2024新课标Ⅱ卷A篇)。 题干定位法解应用文——读、圈、寻、比 按题文顺序,先读题干圈关键词(原文的同义转述、词形转换等)→寻读到文中定位答案范围,寻找有效信息→分析比对原文和选项(注意题干或选项的同义转述),对号入座。 1点注意:应用文类如考写作意图题,答案通常在首段或尾段。 高考热考法1　直接信息理解题——题干定位搜复现 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1.2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·A　体裁:应用文　主题语境:人与自然——环境保护 　　Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　括号内容是答题线索 　　Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center. Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk. Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point. 7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 设题特点 ①在原文中可直接找到和正确选项表述相同的短语或句子,通常仅涉及文章一两句话的信息。 ②无需对文章信息进行分析、概括或推理判断。 常见设问方式 主要以what、when、where、 which等特殊疑问词提问。 图解技巧1题干定位法 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ①Which of the four programs begins the earliest? A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics. C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone. ②What is the short talk at Artist Point about? A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals. C. Basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area. ③Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead. C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center. 答案与解析　 本文主要介绍了美国黄石国家公园的四个“护林员”游园项目。 1.①D　直接信息理解题。由四个“护林员”游园项目后面的起止日期可知, “Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)”是最早开始的,开始时间是5月26日。 ②D　直接信息理解题。根据题干中“the short talk at Artist Point”定位到“Canyon Talks at Artist Point”部分中的“while learning about the area’s natural and human history”及本段最后的“for this short talk”可知,这个简短的演讲是关于canyon这个地方的历史的。 ③B　直接信息理解题。根据题干中的“photography workshop”和“July 10”定位到“Photography Workshops”部分中的“7/10 ... meet at Washburn Trailhead”可知, 7月10日参加者的集合地点是Washburn Trailhead。 积累 重点词 ①enhance [ɪn̍hæns] v.增强,提高　②breathtaking [̍bre􀱺teɪkɪŋ] adj.令人惊叹的,激动人心的 ③ranger [̍reɪndʒə(r)] n.护林员 合成词 ①hands-on adj.亲自动手的,实践性的　②backcountry [̍bækkʌntri] n.偏远地区,边远地区　③workshop [̍wɜːrkʃɒp] n.讲习班,研讨会,工场,作坊 语块 ①throughout the year整年,一年到头　②from a classic viewpoint从经典观点来看 ③a variety of各种各样的　④be drawn to被……吸引 高考热考法2　综合信息理解题——锁特征同义转述 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2.2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·B　体裁:说明文　主题语境:人与社会——社会服务 　　Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. that指代上文提到的问题 “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,”says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART.“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders.“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,”Trost says.“And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,”she says. And you’ll never be without something to read. ①Why did BART start the kiosk program? A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use. C. To meet passengers’needs. D. To reduce its running costs. ②What has Trost been doing recently? A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers. C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists. 设题特点 ①正确选项与原文信息表达方式不同,一般都是原文的同义转述。即用同义词、近义词或反义词等增加题干或正确选项的干扰性。 ②有时涉及一段内多个信息点或几段的某些内容,需进行概括和归纳才能得出答案。 常见设问方式 主要对文中具体信息进行提问,如what、when、where、 how、why等。 图解技巧2 锁特征同义转述法 答案与解析　 本文主要介绍了旧金山湾区BART交通系统在火车站设置自动服务亭,提供一到五分钟短篇故事打印服务,以提升乘客出行体验。 2.①C　综合信息理解题。首段提到乘客在火车站等车或乘车时可能面临的一个常见问题是忘记带读物, 第二段用“there’s a kiosk for that (小亭就是为此而设)”引入第三段对BART 在旧金山湾区设置自助服务亭的介绍,服务亭允许乘客选择并打印短篇故事或诗歌,以便在旅途中阅读。归纳概括可知, BART启动这个项目是为了给乘客提供阅读材料,即满足乘客的需求。故选C。 ②A　综合信息理解题。根据第五段中的“we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest (在湾区向艺术家征集故事参加比赛)”及“we’ve received about 120 submissions (我们已收到大约 120份投稿)”和“The winning stories would go into our kiosk (获奖故事将会被放入自助服务亭)”可知,Trost最近在组织故事竞赛,以吸引当地作家和艺术家参与。A项Organizing a story contest是对原文信息的归纳概括。 积累　 重点词 ①original [ə̍rɪdʒənl] adj.首创的;独创的;原作的;原来的;起初的;最早的　n.原件;原作 ②launch [lɔːnʧ] vt.发射;启动　n.启动;发射　③agency [̍eɪdʒənsi] n.代理机构;机构 派生词/ 合成词 ①submit v.提交→submission [səb̍mɪʃn] n.提交(物)　②popular adj.受喜爱的;受欢迎的;流行的→popularity [̩pɒpju̍lærəti] n.受欢迎;普及;流行(popular+-ity)　③receipt-like adj.像收据一样的　④ridership [̍raɪdə̩ʃɪp] n.客流量 熟词生义 ①call n.请求,呼吁　②discourage vt.阻拦;阻止;劝阻 语块 习语:①go old school老派的;老式的;传统的　②at the end of the day归根结底 其他:①light up照亮　②do a call to发出呼吁　③as of right now截至目前　④running costs运营成本　⑤meet a need满足需要 高考热考法3　数据计算题——加减乘除巧算数 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 3.2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·A片段　体裁:应用文　主题语境:人与社会——社会生活 Bike Rental & Guided Tours 　　Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. Why MacBike 　　MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. Prices 涉及图表信息,每一行都要扫一眼 Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour 7.50 · 5.00 3 hours · 11.00 · 7.50 1 day (24 hours) · 14.75 · 9.75 Each additional day · 8.00 · 6.00 How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A.15.75. B.19.50. C.22.75. D.29.50. 设题特点 ①常涉及时间、数量、年龄、价钱、距离等数据信息的简单计算。 ②找到计算背后隐含的信息是准确解题的关键。如涉及表格信息应确定好正确的数据所对应的列或行。 常见设问方式 主要以how many/much或how long等进行提问。 图解技巧3 加减乘除巧算数 答案与解析　 本文主要介绍了MacBike自行车租赁和城市游览项目的相关信息,包括其自行车租赁的优势、租赁价目表和旅行安排的内容。 3.C　数据计算题。根据Prices部分表格提供的信息可知,带手刹和三个排挡的自行车的租金1天是14.75,2天就是29.50, 但要注意到下面一栏的信息:每多1天是支付8.00,有折扣。两天的支付费用为14.75+8.00=22.75。故选C。 没注意到下面一栏的信息的容易错选D。 积累　 重点词 ①available [ə̍veɪləbl] adj.可用的,可得到的　②sustainable [sə̍steɪnəb(ə)l] adj.可持续的;不破坏生态平衡的　③landscape [̍lændskeɪp] n. (陆上)风景,景色　④location [ləʊ̍keɪʃn] n.地点,位置 派生词/ 合成词 rental [̍rentl] n.租赁,出租(rent+-al) 课标新增词 的派生词 ①economical [̩iːkə̍nɒmɪk(ə)l] adj.经济的,实惠的　②strategic [strə̍tiːdʒɪk] adj.合适的,战略(性)的(strategy+-ic) 熟词生义 ①around adv.出现;现有;可用　②bike v.骑自行车 语块 in a wide variety多种多样(地) 猜测阅读障碍词的能力　(2024新课标Ⅰ卷A篇+3个技巧对应语篇/片段) 重点词 review vt. ①复查;重新考虑 upcoming adj. ②即将来临的/发生的 agency n. ③代理机构;机构 ridge n. ④山脊;山脉 派生词/ 合成词 sensitive+-ity→sensitivity n. ⑤敏感性,灵敏度 strategy+-ic→strategic adj. ⑥合适的,战略(性)的 guard+-ian→guardian n. ⑦监护人;保护者 rider+-ship→ridership n. ⑧客流量 熟词生义 layer 熟义:n.层;表层 生义: n. ⑨衣服 discourage 熟义: vt.使灰心;使泄气 生义:vt. ⑩阻拦;阻止;劝阻 语块 meet a need 满足需要 do a call to 发出呼吁 rain or shine 不论天气好坏,风雨无阻 go old school 老派的;老式的;传统的 分析长难句的能力 At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. 试分析:主干是①all transit agencies are doing everything; they can 是定语从句修饰②everything, 不定式to improve the rider experience为 ③目的状语。  试翻译:归根结底,所有的交通机构现在都在竭尽全力改善乘客体验。 文本语法填空再开发 Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program ①was launched (launch) last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new ②original (origin) works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something ③where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area ④to submit (submit) stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we ⑤have received (receive) about 120 submissions. The ⑥winning (win) stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a ⑦published (publish) artist.”  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$