专题7.三大从句讲练-2025年福建省中考英语讲义

专题7.三大从句讲练 复合句 主从复合句由一个主句加一个或多个从句构成，从句在复合句中充当一定成分。初中阶段要求重点掌握宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句的用法。 宾语从句 宾语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查宾语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。 中考考查重点： 1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。 考点一.宾语从句的引导词 引导词 引导词的作用 例句 that 本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略 He said that Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。 what,which, who,whose, whom等连接 代词 在从句中作一定的成分,如主语、宾语、定语等 I don’t know what they are going to do.我不知道他们打算干什么。 He asked me whose the book was.他问我这本书是谁的。 when(表时间),where(表地点),why(表原因),how(表方式)等连接副词 在从句中作状语 Can you tell me where you are from?你能告诉我你来自哪里吗? Do you know how they found the place?你知道他们是怎么找到那个地方的吗? if/whether 意为“是否”,不作句子成分,但不能省略 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。 专项训练 1．（2024·四川乐山·一模）—The light in his office is still on. I wonder ________. —Maybe at midnight again. A．when he will stop working B．if he will stop working C．when will he stop working 2．（2024·上海奉贤·一模）The old saying “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” tells us ______. A．where a friend is from B．what can we do to make friends C．how can we treat a friend D．what kind of friend we should have 考点二.宾语从句的时态 主句与从句时态一致的问题 (1)如果主句是现在或将来的某种时态,那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如: I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。 He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.他已告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。 (2)如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。如: He told me that he would join in the talk.他告诉我他将会参加讨论。 (3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。如: He told me that the earth is round.(真理)他告诉我地球是圆的。 专项训练 1．（2024·河北石家庄·一模）Our teacher told us that sound _________faster in water than in the air. A．travels B．traveled C．was traveling D．has traveled 2．（2024·湖北随州·一模）From the book, my brother learned that the moon _________ around the earth. A．is moving B．moved C．moves D．has moved 考点三.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。如: Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is?你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗? 3.宾语从句的连接词 (1)that引导的宾语从句。如: The teacher told us that she was a good girl.老师告诉我们她是一个好女孩。 注意:that用于下列情况时不可省略: ①当宾语从句的主语是that时。如: He said that that was a useful book.他说那是一本有用的书。 ②当宾语从句中的状语或状语从句置于该从句句首时。如: I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it,you must pay for it.我恐怕如果你已经丢了它,你必须赔偿。 ③当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时,除第一个从句中的that可以省略外,其余从句中的that 都不可以省略。如: He said(that)the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much. 他说这部电影非常有趣,并且他非常喜欢看。 (2)whether/if引导的宾语从句。如: He asked me if/whether I was from Japan.他问我是不是来自日本。 He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.他问我是否喜欢看电视。 (3)特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。如: Could you tell me when he left for Japan?你能告诉我他什么时候去的日本吗? 专项训练 1．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）I don’t know ________ the charity show tomorrow. Can you tell me? A．when we start B．when did we start C．when we will start D．when will we start 2．（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）The idiom “Gold can’t be pure and man can’t be perfect.” tells us ________. A．how should we behave in class B．how we should view ourselves or others C．what we can do to be perfect D．how we can get gold 考点四.宾语从句的否定转移 当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。如: I don’t think he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来。 专项训练 1．（23-24九年级上·安徽宿州·期中）—Look at the boy with green hair. It’s cool. —But I don’t think students ________ to color their hair. A． should be not allowed B．shouldn’t be allowed C．should be allowed D．should allow 2．（23-24八年级下·广东汕头·期中）I ________ think there ________ more pollution. A．/; won’t be B．don’t; will be C．/; won’t have D．don’t; have 考点五.宾语从句的简化 (1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如: I hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive your e-mail. 我希望能收到你的电子邮件。 (2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn 等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+ 不定式”结构。如: She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。 (3)宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如: I don’t believe what Tom said.=I don’t believe Tom’s words.我不相信汤姆所说的话。 专项训练 1．（24-25九年级上·湖北武汉·期中）The saying “Getting to know each other is the first step in making new friends” tells us ________. A．who we need B．how to make friends C．what a friend is like D．where we should go 2．（23-24九年级下·上海宝山·开学考试）No one tells us ________, so we need your help. A．how we should do B．how to do it C．what should we do D．what to do it 考点五.宾语从句易混易错点 when,if引导的时间状语从句和宾语从句 (1)在含有when,if引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,若主句是一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时;when引导其他时态的时间状语从句时,从句时态应与主句时态保持一致。 (2)when,if引导的宾语从句,首先要保证从句是陈述句语序,然后再根据主句的时态确定从句时态。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,意为“是否”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当……的时候”。如: I don’t know when my father will come back, but I’ll ask him to call you back when he comes back. 我不知道我父亲什么时候回来,但他回来的时候我会让他给你回电话。 I don’t know if he will come back.If he comes back, I’ll tell you. 我不知道他是否会回来。如果他回来的话,我会告诉你。 考点六.宾语从句知识拓展 1.形容词后跟宾语从句 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised等。如: I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试。 I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉打扰你这么长时间。 2.名词后跟宾语从句 在no idea, question, problem等名词后跟wh-引导的宾语从句。如: I have no idea where he has gone.我不清楚他去哪儿了。 中考模拟试题 一．专项填空 1．（2024·福建莆田·一模）—Do you know ________? —Practice makes perfect. A． why is John learning Chinese B． how John improves his Chinese C．when John started learning Chinese 2．（2024·福建三明·三模）—Do you know ________? —Yes. To better explore the outer space. A．why our country built our own space station B．when our own space station was built C．how our country built our own space station 3．（2024·福建厦门·三模）—Excuse me, could you please tell me ________? —At 7 o’clock this evening. I will go with you. A．how we will go to the party B．who will attend the party C．when the party will start 4．（2024·福建厦门·二模）—I wonder _________ at a low price. —You can book one through our official APP. A． how I can buy an air ticket B． when I can buy an air ticket C．where can I buy an air ticket 5．（2024·福建宁德·二模）—Can you tell me ________? —To improve my life skills. A．how you learn cooking B．when you started to learn cooking C．why you want to learn cooking 二．语法填空 1.Find out 　　　 those things are, think hard about who you want to be, and then show yourself honestly to the people around you.  2.—Do you know　　　the Smiths left Shanghai?  —I’m not sure about the date. I only remember it was a Sunday. 3.—It’s said that the new highway has been completed. —Yes,but we don’t know　　　 it’s to be opened to traffic soon.  4.—I saw David in the teachers’ office this morning.Do you know　　　 he was there?  —He went there to hand in his homework. 5.When you had your job, you didn't have time to write down　　　 you were thinking about.  6.The professor smiled and said, “Please describe 　　　　　　you see in the test paper.”  7.Inside the case, there's a number showing 　　　　　　gave the book and when they gave the book.   8.We'll find out 　　　　　　(是否) it turns out to be a good idea or not.  定语从句 定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。 中考考查重点： 关系代词的用法； 在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。 定语从句解析： I like a girl who is beautiful. 【定语从句】 先行词 关系代词 定语从句 关系词 作用 先行词 例句 that,who,whom (whom只作 宾语) 主语、宾 语、表语 人 Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam?你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗? that,which 主语、宾 语、表语 物 She has a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台父母给买的电脑。 whose 定语 人、物 He’s a man whose opinion I respect.他是我尊重意见的人。 The classroom whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个教室是我的教室。 when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。 where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那个学校。 why 状语 原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? 考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句： 作主语 作宾语 指人 who/that who/that（可省略） 指物 which/that which/that（可省略） that(万金油) 既可以指人，又可以指物 1.who/that指人，在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who/that are playing football on the playground are from Class One.【拆分】 The boys are from Class One. The boys are playing football on the playground. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man. An old man lost his way.【变成定语从句】 第一步：找到两句话中的共有名词。 Yesterday I helped an old man. An old man lost his way. 第二步：确定主从句，把从句的名词或代词用关系词替换。 Yesterday I helped an old man. who lost his way. 第三步：要把关系词放到从句的句首。 Yesterday I helped an old man. who lost his way. 第四步：把关系词引导的从句置于先行词的后边。 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. . 2. whom/who/that指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom/who/that) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 Mr. Liu is the person. You talked about the person. (2) The man is my friend. You met the man just now.【变成定语从句】 The man is my friend. You met the man just now.【先行词在从句中做宾语可省略】 The man is my friend. You met who/that just now. The man is my friend. who/that you met just now. The man who/that you met just now is my friend. . The man you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)【拆分】 Football is a game. A game is liked by most boys (2) This is the pen. He bought the pen yesterday.【变成定语从句】 This is the pen he bought yesterday. 4.只用that,不用which 的情况： (1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导: ①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。如: Is there anything that you don’t understand?你有不懂的地方吗? Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。 ②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如: This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。 ③当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级,或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如: This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。 ④当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。如: Which is the hotel that you like best?哪一个是你最喜欢的旅馆? 专项训练 1.It is the same with our lives. Those　　　choose to live in peace must help their neighbors to live in peace.  2.“Anyone　　　has heard about Seattle’s train may think this is kind of fun,”McKaulay said.  3.Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience 　　　people cannot get at home.  4.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything　　　comes into sight is so new to me.  5.—Why don’t you like fishing? —Fishing is a hobby　　　 needs much patience,but I’m not patient at all.  6.Running Man is a very relaxing TV program　　　 is hot among the young people.  7.China is a great country with about 5,000 years of history. There are many places of interest w　　　 attract millions of tourists from all over the world every year.  8.The earth is the planet 　　　 provides us with everything we need, fresh air, clean water and so on. It’s our duty to protect it.  9.Have you ever heard of the news　　　 is about the Strawberry Concert?  考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句 when、where 和 why引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 (1) when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。 (2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词通常是表示原因的reason一词。 We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。 (3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。 That is the school where I studied three years ago.那是我三年前就读的学校。 (4)介词+关系代词 关系副词when, where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词(名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。 when 相当于“at/in/on/during + which” where 相当于“in/at/on + which” why 相当于“for + which” 王先生工作的那家工厂是一家鞋厂。 The factory is a shoe factory. Mr.Wang works in the factory. 这个句子有以下三种表达方式： The factory is a shoe factory which/that Mr. Wang works in. The factory is a shoe factory in which Mr. Wang works. The factory is a shoe factory where Mr. Wang works. 并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when, where, why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that。 (5)易混易错 1.只能用which引导的定语从句 (1)在引导非限制性定语从句时,不能用that。如: The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(此句中的which不能换成that) 这棵有四百年树龄的树在这里很有名。 (2)介词后不能用that。如: We depend on the land from which we get our food.(介词from后不能用that) 我们依靠土地获得食物。 2.判断关系代词与关系副词 用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。若谓语动词是及物动词且后面无宾语,就用关系代词;若谓语动词是及物动词且后面有宾语或谓语动词是不及物动词,则要用关系副词。如: I’ll never forget the day when I first met him.我永远不会忘记我第一次见到他的那一天。 The house where I live now was bought five years ago.我现在住的房子是五年前买的。 专项训练 1．（2024·黑龙江绥化·一模）October1, 1949 is the day ______ the PRC was founded. A．which B．when C．on that 2．（2024·四川成都·二模）Xiao Wang, we will graduate from this school in about three months. I believe we will never forget this school ________ we have studies for three years. A．where B．which C．who 3．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）—Is there a restaurant around ________ I can have something to eat? —Yes, there is a Chinese restaurant near here. A．which B．that C．where 考点三 非限制性定语从句 He will wear no clothes which will make him different from others. 限定性定语从句 他将穿没有和其他人与众不同的衣服。 He will wear no clothes, which will make him different from others. 非限制性定语从句 他将要不穿衣服，这将使他与众不同。 限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句 表意 与主句关系紧密，不能删除 与主句关系松散，可删除 功能 修饰先行词 先行词或整个句子 形式 无逗号隔开 有逗号隔开，不能使用that 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句，中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ① which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。 如：Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 ② which指代主句中的形容词。 She is always careless，which we should not be.她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。 ③ which指代主句中的某个从句。 如：He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true.他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。 ④ which指代整个主句。 如：In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。 中考模拟试题 1．（2024·福建福州·三模）We were encouraged by the speech ________ was given by the expert. A．who B．which C．what 2．（2024·福建厦门·二模）Tan Kah kee is a pioneer of Chinese overseas ________ founded schools in Singapore and China. A．which B．who C．those 3．（2024·福建宁德·二模）A true friend is someone ________ accepts your past, supports your present and encourages your future. A．whose B．which C．who 4．（2024·福建厦门·二模）Nie Er wrote many pieces of music ________ inspired Chinese people to fight for the bright future. A．which B．who C．what 5．（2024·福建福州·二模）I can’t find the book ________ my mother bought me. A．who B．when C．which 6．（2024·福建宁德·一模）The National Anti-Fraud (反诈) Center is an app ________ helps prevent us being cheated. A．what B．that C．who 7．（2024·福建福州·一模）—Why are the students in that college so excited? —Their teacher is one of the astronauts ________ have just returned from outer space. A．which B．that C．whose 8．（2024·福建三明·一模）— I think the poems ________ were written by Li Bai are beautiful. — I agree with you. A．which B．who C．whose 9．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）Zhang Guimei is the greatest teacher ________ we have known. A．who B．what C．that 10．（2023·福建厦门·模拟预测）Most students like the teachers ________ understand them well. A．which B．who C．where 状语从句 状语从句的定义 用来修饰动词和形容词，以表明动作发生或状态存在的时间，地点，原因等等的句子叫做状语从句。 考情分析：从近五年考查情况来看，状语从句是每年的必考点，从属连词的考查一般出现在单项选择或语法选择或者完形填空中，状语从句的时态(主将从现)也是一个常考点。理解句意，分析句子逻辑关系。是解题的关键。 状语从句的分类 一、时间状语从句 二、原因状语从句 三、条件状语从句 四、让步状语从句 五、目的状语从句 六、结果状语从句 七、比较状语从句 考点一 时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连接词有: when, as, while, after, before, since, ever since, as soon as, once, till, until, whenever, no sooner…than, the moment/minute/instant/second, every time, each time, any time, the first time, next time, last time, all the time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly等。 第一次见到你 一见到你 直到见到你 五岁时见到你 表示时间——时间状语从句 我就喜欢上了你。 (1)when的用法 ①when意为“当……时”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。如: I feel very happy when you come to see me.你们来看我时,我感到很高兴。 When you are crossing the street,you must be careful.你(们)过马路时,一定要小心。 I was sleeping when someone knocked at the door.当有人敲门时,我正在睡觉。 ②when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性动词,也可以用终止性动词。如: He was working at the table when I went in.当我进去的时候,他正在桌旁工作。 I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.当我在上海时,我在一家外企工作。 (2)while的用法 while引导时间状语从句时常译为“与……同时,在……期间”。while引导的从句常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。 如: They rushed in while we were discussing problems.当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。 (3)as的用法 as引导时间状语从句时可以表达“正当,一边……一边……,随着”等意思。如: We get wiser as we get older.我们随着年龄的增长而变得聪明起来。 (4)before与after的用法 before表示“在……之前”,after表示“在……之后”。如: I will always study hard before I enter Peking University.在我考入北京大学之前我将一直努力学习。 She showed me many beautiful stamps after I had got to her home.我到达她家以后,她让我看了好多漂亮的邮票。 (5)until/till的用法 till/until都表示“直到”,常可换用,但till不用于句首。not...until表示“直到……才……”。如: You may stay here until the rain stops.你可以在这里一直待到雨停。 He didn’t go to bed until he had finished his work.他直到完成工作才去睡觉。 (6)since的用法 since引导的时间状语从句,表示“自……以来”,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。如: I have worked in this company since I graduated from Peking University.我从北京大学毕业后,一直在这家公司上班。 (7)as soon as的用法 as soon as引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即发生,意为“一……就……”。该从句经常用一般现在时表示将来时态。如: As soon as he arrives,I’ll tell him.他一到,我就告诉他。 专项训练 1.There are no hospitals. 　　　they are ill, people have to get medicine from plants.   2.So I kept asking Harry if I could go, too—　　　(直到) he agreed at last!  3.—Have you ever been to the Summer Palace? —Yes. I have visited it many times 　　　 2009.  4.Students can ask for help 　　　(无论何时)they need it at school.  5.　　　 the dinner was all over,everyone helped wash the dishes.  6.Julie didn’t leave her office　　　 the police arrived.  7.We've been friends 　　　we were at school together.  考点二 条件状语从句 (1)如果主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。 I’ll visit the Great Wall if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我将去长城。 (2)引导条件状语从句的词或词组有:if,unless,in case等。 In case it rains,don’t expect me.如果下雨,就不要等我了。 专项训练 1.Our world will get better and better 　　　 each of us lives a greener life.  2.　　　 we keep our hearts open,we can experience the happiness friendship brings us.  3.I usually sleep with the window open 　　　　　　(除非) it's really cold.   考点三 原因状语从句 原因状语从句由because, as , since, now (that)（既然）,considering that（考虑到）For the reason that 由于…原因，due to the fact that 由于…事实 等引导。 (1)原因状语从句通常用because,since,as引导。这三个词所表示的语气从because到as逐渐减弱,由why提出的问题用because来回答。如: I was late because I was ill.我迟到是因为我病了。 (2)如果状语从句所表示的原因是人们已知的事实,常译为“既然”,就要用since。 Since you can’t answer the question,you can ask someone for help.既然你不能回答这个问题,你可以找别人帮忙。 注意 because和because of的区别：because是连词，引导从句，because of是短语介词，后接名词性词语，如： The football match was put off because it rained. The football match was put off because of the rain.因为下雨，足球赛延期了。 专项训练 1.She can put it anywhere in the house 　　　it is small and doesn’t take up much room.  2.I am really proud of my group　　　we􀆳re always discussing and sharing study secrets together. How important the group work is!  3.Chen Wei isn’t at school today 　　　 he is taking a robot competition in Shanghai.  考点四 让步状语从句 由though, although, as, even if/though , no matter wh-, wh-ever词，whether...or（不管...都），when, while等引导。 1. though, although 这两个连词用法基本一样，只是前者口语化，后者较正式，常位于句首，都不与 连用，但可以和yet，still，nevertheless连用。though还可作副词单独放在句尾，表示“然而”的意思。 他很累，但是他依然坚持努力工作。 He is tired, but he still keeps on working hard. =Although/though he is tired, he (still) keeps on working hard. Though /Although he was worn out, he kept on working. 2. even if（尽管；即使）, even though（尽管） 这两个复合连词意义基本相同，常用以强调让步概念，有退一步想的意思（有时用于虚拟）。表“即使”时有假设含义，一般用even if。 We'll make trip even if(though) the weather is bad. Even if I were in your place, I wouldn't take the job.（虚拟） 3. as引导让步状语时 ①形容词/副词/名词+ as +主 +谓 ②动词+ as +主 +情态动词 Child as he is, he knows a lot. Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me. Great a scientist as he is, he remains modest. Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone. 注意 在这种倒装结构中，也可以用though（不太常用），但不可用although. Bravely though the players fought, they had no chance of winning. 4.“no matter + wh-”引导让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句时“疑问句-ever”相当于“no matter +疑问词”，此时： no matter who = whoever 无论是谁 no matter what = whatever no matter which = whichever no matter where = wherever no matter how = however No matter what happened, he would not mind. It's a nice room no matter whom (whoever) it belongs to. 5.while引导让步状语从句时置于主句前，与though同，但though从句可到装，while从句不可倒装。 专项训练 1.　　　 (虽然) people around the world may enjoy doing some similar things in their free time, their interests are changing.  2.尽管那是她第一次吃中餐，但她立刻就喜欢上了中餐。 She fell in love with Chinese food, it was just her first time trying it. 3.无论你遇到什么困难，你都应尽全力克服。 what problems you meet, you should make an effort to deal with them. 4.　　　 Mike didn’t win the race,he was still wearing a smile on his face.  5.　　　the village was very small, I spent a whole day in it.  考点五 目的状语从句 由so that（以便）， in order that（为了）=for the purpose that，for fear that（= in case）（以免），lest（以防）引导，谓语常含may, might, can, could, will, would等情态动词。 (1) 引导目的状语从句的词组有so that,in order that 等, 谓语中常含有may,might,can,could,will,would 等情态动词。如: He must get up early so that he can go to work on time.他必须早点起床,以便能按时上班。 (2) 当从句主语与主句主语一致时,可用so as to,in order to。 He worked day and night in order that he could succeed. =He worked day and night in order to succeed.他夜以继日地工作为的是取得成功。 专项训练 1.（2024·重庆江北·二模）花更多的时间与父母交谈，以便他们更好地理解你。（完成译句） Spend more time talking with your parents they can understand you better. 2.（2024·重庆沙坪坝·二模）说大声点以便别人能听到你说话。（完成译句） Speak louder you can make yourself heard. 考点六 结果状语从句 1.常用的连词有so that，so ... that, too...to...,such...that, that（带古英语痕迹）。 (1)主要由so...that,such...that 引导。 so...that与such...that的区别: She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much. 她是一个如此可爱的女孩,以至于我们都很喜欢她。 当名词前面有many或much修饰时,用so而不用such。如: We have so much time that we can finish the work very well.我们有如此多的时间以至于我们能很好地完成工作。 (2)so...that句型的否定形式可用too...to...或not...enough to 代替。 He is so young that he can’t go to school. =He is too young to go to school. =He is not old enough to go to school.他太小了不能去上学。 专项训练 1．（2024·广东广州·三模）我们需要制定严格的规则，从而让这个新兴的商业模式更加成功。 We need to set strict rules this new way of business can become . 2．（2024·广东广州·二模）电影是如此励志，以致受到人们的热烈欢迎。 The film was inspiring it has been warmly received by the people. 3．（2024·广东广州·二模）它如此小巧，我们可以把它放在口袋里随身携带。 It is small we can carry it in the pocket. 4.Lance was so excited 　　　he got everything ready when Nathan got home.  5.When I knew there was going to be a free meal of hotpot to welcome the new students, I was so excited 　　　 I went to the canteen quickly.  6.It is 　　　　　　beautiful that it attracts 100,000 people every week.   考点七 比较状语从句 比较状语从句 ①常用连词than, as ...as..., not as/so... as He ran as far as he could. I'm not as/so tall as he/him. She studies harder than I（study）． ②the more ... the more...引导, 且经常以省略形式出现 The harder you try, the better you will understand. 专项训练 1．（2022·江苏无锡·二模）— Can Jimmy help us with the problem? — Yes, his promise is ________ gold. Trust him! A．as long as B．as good as C．as well as D．as much as 考点八 地点状语从句 地点状语从句 1.地点状语从句主要由where, wherever anywhere, everywhere引导。 We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 I will follow you wherever you go.无论你到何处我都要跟随你。 2.地点状语从句与定语从句的区别： where引导定语从句，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词。 Go back where you came from.（where引导地点状语从句） Go back to the village where you came from.（where引导定语从句，village为先行词） 考点九 方式状语从句 方式状语从句 由as, as if =as though引导。 Do as you like. He spoke as if he had been there before. 注意 as if, as though从句与事实相反时用虚拟语气，与事实相符，不用虚拟语气。 考点十 状语从句的省略现象 状语从句的省略现象 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同或为it, 同时从句谓语含be动词，就可省去从句的主语和be动词。 ①时间状语从句中： Don’t speak until (you are) spoken to. While (I was) in Beijing, I lived with my uncle. I want to go swimming when (it is) possible. ②条件状语从句中： Come tomorrow if (it is) possible. If (it is) so, you would be punished. Unless (it is) repaired, the TV set is of no use. ③方式状语从句中： She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone. ④其他状语从句中： Though (it was) cold, he still wore a shirt. Fill in the blanks with proper words where (it is) necessary. 中考模拟试题 1．（2024·福建莆田·一模）Dreams don’t work ________ you must work hard for them. A．if B．though C．unless 2．（2024·福建厦门·二模）We _______ by the river side when a sudden storm hit, so we made our way back. A．walked B．were walking C．have walked 3．（2024·福建三明·三模）—What are you going to do tomorrow? —I will play soccer ________ my mother lets me go out. A．if B．before C．until 4．（2024·福建宁德·二模） ________ many things have changed a lot, my love for sports hasn’t changed a bit. A．Although B．Because C．Unless 5．（2024·福建厦门·二模）—There will be more pollution ________ we keep recycling rubbish in our daily life. —I can’t agree more. A．unless B．if C．since 6．（2024·福建泉州·三模）—Mum, may I have more chocolate? —You’d better not, ________ too much sweet food is bad for health. A．while B．although C．because 7．（2024·福建泉州·二模）—Mr. Smith, can you give me advice on how to improve my writing? —Sure. ______ you work harder, you can be a much luckier dog. A．As well as B．As soon as C．As long as 8．（2024·福建泉州·一模）—I’m afraid to dance in public and I don’t think I can make it. —You never know _________ you try it. A．if B．until C．because 9．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）Mary has learned a lot about the history of Beijing ______ she can be a tour guide. A．so that B．after all C．even if 10．（2023·福建泉州·模拟预测）—You will never get anywhere __________ you have set your goal. —I quite agree with you. A．if B．unless C．since 11．（2023·福建泉州·二模）—Few people will concern the importance of health ________ they fall ill. —That’s the problem! Prevention is better than cure. A．until B．when C．as 12．（2023·福建福州·三模）________ we continue to pull together,  we’ll keep winning the game. A．As well as B．As long as C．As soon as 13．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）Why not listen to the teacher carefully ________ you can do your homework easily after class? A．so that B．such that C．in order to 14．（2023·福建漳州·二模）It is said that Zhang Sanfeng created tai chi(太极) ________ he had watched a fight between snake and a bird. A．until B．after C．when 15．（2023·福建漳州·一模）My friend helps to bring out the best in me ________ we have disagreements sometimes. A．although B．since C．because 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题7.三大从句讲练 复合句 主从复合句由一个主句加一个或多个从句构成，从句在复合句中充当一定成分。初中阶段要求重点掌握宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句的用法。 宾语从句 宾语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查宾语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。 中考考查重点： 1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。 考点一.宾语从句的引导词 引导词 引导词的作用 例句 that 本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略 He said that Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。 what,which, who,whose, whom等连接 代词 在从句中作一定的成分,如主语、宾语、定语等 I don’t know what they are going to do.我不知道他们打算干什么。 He asked me whose the book was.他问我这本书是谁的。 when(表时间),where(表地点),why(表原因),how(表方式)等连接副词 在从句中作状语 Can you tell me where you are from?你能告诉我你来自哪里吗? Do you know how they found the place?你知道他们是怎么找到那个地方的吗? if/whether 意为“是否”,不作句子成分,但不能省略 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。 专项训练 1．（2024·四川乐山·一模）—The light in his office is still on. I wonder ________. —Maybe at midnight again. A．when he will stop working B．if he will stop working C．when will he stop working 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——他办公室里的灯还亮着。我想知道他什么时候会停止工作。——也许又是午夜。 考查宾语从句。根据“I wonder”及选项可知，此处是宾语从句，从句用陈述句语序，排除C选项；结合“Maybe at midnight again”可知，此处是问时间，用when引导宾语从句。故选A。 2．（2024·上海奉贤·一模）The old saying “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” tells us ______. A．where a friend is from B．what can we do to make friends C．how can we treat a friend D．what kind of friend we should have 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“患难见真情”这句古老的谚语告诉我们应该拥有什么样的朋友。 考查宾语从句。根据“The old saying ‘A friend in need is a friend indeed.’ tells us …”可知，句子为宾语从句，应用陈述语序，排除B和C；“A friend in need is a friend indeed”正是在告诉人们要拥有在自己有困难时能伸出援手、真心对待自己的那种朋友。故选D。 考点二.宾语从句的时态 主句与从句时态一致的问题 (1)如果主句是现在或将来的某种时态,那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如: I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。 He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.他已告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。 (2)如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。如: He told me that he would join in the talk.他告诉我他将会参加讨论。 (3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。如: He told me that the earth is round.(真理)他告诉我地球是圆的。 专项训练 1．（2024·河北石家庄·一模）Our teacher told us that sound _________faster in water than in the air. A．travels B．traveled C．was traveling D．has traveled 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们的老师告诉我们，声音在水中比在空气中传播得快。 考查时态。句子是宾语从句，从句描述的是客观事实，故从句仍用一般现在时，主语是sound，谓语动词用单三。故选A。 2．（2024·湖北随州·一模）From the book, my brother learned that the moon _________ around the earth. A．is moving B．moved C．moves D．has moved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：从书中，我的弟弟了解到月球绕着地球转。 考查宾语从句的时态。根据“my brother learned that the moon…around the earth.”可知，该句是宾语从句，月球绕着地球转是客观事实，所以从句用一般现在时，故选C。 考点三.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。如: Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is?你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗? 3.宾语从句的连接词 (1)that引导的宾语从句。如: The teacher told us that she was a good girl.老师告诉我们她是一个好女孩。 注意:that用于下列情况时不可省略: ①当宾语从句的主语是that时。如: He said that that was a useful book.他说那是一本有用的书。 ②当宾语从句中的状语或状语从句置于该从句句首时。如: I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it,you must pay for it.我恐怕如果你已经丢了它,你必须赔偿。 ③当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时,除第一个从句中的that可以省略外,其余从句中的that 都不可以省略。如: He said(that)the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much. 他说这部电影非常有趣,并且他非常喜欢看。 (2)whether/if引导的宾语从句。如: He asked me if/whether I was from Japan.他问我是不是来自日本。 He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.他问我是否喜欢看电视。 (3)特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。如: Could you tell me when he left for Japan?你能告诉我他什么时候去的日本吗? 专项训练 1．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）I don’t know ________ the charity show tomorrow. Can you tell me? A．when we start B．when did we start C．when we will start D．when will we start 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不知道明天我们什么时候开始慈善演出。你能告诉我吗？ 考查宾语从句。根据“I don’t know…the charity show tomorrow.”可知，此处应用宾语从句，用陈述语序，时态为一般将来时。故选C。 2．（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）The idiom “Gold can’t be pure and man can’t be perfect.” tells us ________. A．how should we behave in class B．how we should view ourselves or others C．what we can do to be perfect D．how we can get gold 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“金无足赤，人无完人”这个谚语告诉我们如何看待自己或他人。 考查宾语从句。how should we behave in class如何在课堂上表现，宾语从句应用陈述语序，排除A；how we should view ourselves or others我们应该如何看待自己或他人；what we can do to be perfect我们可以做什么来变得完美；how we can get gold我们如何获得金子。根据“Gold can’t be pure and man can’t be perfect.”可知，此处是指我们不应该期待自己或他人完美无瑕，而应该以一种宽容和接纳的态度去看待。故选B。 考点四.宾语从句的否定转移 当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。如: I don’t think he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来。 专项训练 1．（23-24九年级上·安徽宿州·期中）—Look at the boy with green hair. It’s cool. —But I don’t think students ________ to color their hair. A． should be not allowed B．shouldn’t be allowed C．should be allowed D．should allow 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——看那个绿色头发的男孩，太酷了。——但是我认为学生不应该被允许染发。 考查情态动词的被动语态及宾语从句的否定转移。根据“But I don’t think students...to color their hair.”可知主语students与动词allow之间是被动关系，此处应用含有情态动词的被动语态，根据常识可知，学生是不允许染头发的，而含有think的主从复合句，否定前移到主句上，故此空应填should be allowed。故选C。 2．（23-24八年级下·广东汕头·期中）I ________ think there ________ more pollution. A．/; won’t be B．don’t; will be C．/; won’t have D．don’t; have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我认为不会有更多的污染。 考查宾语从句否定转移和there be句型的一般将来时。分析句子结构可知，此句为含宾语从句的复合句；主句是I think，从句表示否定时，否定要转移到主句上，所以第一空应用don’t；there be句型的将来时为there will be或there is going to be，所以第二空应用will be。故选B。 考点五.宾语从句的简化 (1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如: I hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive your e-mail. 我希望能收到你的电子邮件。 (2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn 等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+ 不定式”结构。如: She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。 (3)宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如: I don’t believe what Tom said.=I don’t believe Tom’s words.我不相信汤姆所说的话。 专项训练 1．（24-25九年级上·湖北武汉·期中）The saying “Getting to know each other is the first step in making new friends” tells us ________. A．who we need B．how to make friends C．what a friend is like D．where we should go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“相互了解是结交新朋友的第一步”这句话告诉我们如何交朋友。 考查宾语从句的简化。who we need我们需要谁；how to make friends如何交朋友；what a friend is like朋友是什么样的；where we should go我们应该去哪里。根据“Getting to know each other is the first step in making new friends”可知，交朋友要先相互了解，此处是告诉人们如何交朋友，应用how引导宾语从句，可以简化为“how+动词不定式结构”。故选B。 2．（23-24九年级下·上海宝山·开学考试）No one tells us ________, so we need your help. A．how we should do B．how to do it C．what should we do D．what to do it 【答案】B 【详解】句意：没有人告诉我们怎么做，所以我们需要你的帮助。 考查不定式和宾语从句。how we should do错误形式；how to do it如何去做；what should we do我们应该做什么；what to do it错误形式。分析句子结构可知，空处是“tells”的宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，根据“ so we need your help”可知，我们需要帮助，可推知没有人告诉我们该怎么做。故选B。 考点五.宾语从句易混易错点 when,if引导的时间状语从句和宾语从句 (1)在含有when,if引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,若主句是一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时;when引导其他时态的时间状语从句时,从句时态应与主句时态保持一致。 (2)when,if引导的宾语从句,首先要保证从句是陈述句语序,然后再根据主句的时态确定从句时态。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,意为“是否”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当……的时候”。如: I don’t know when my father will come back, but I’ll ask him to call you back when he comes back. 我不知道我父亲什么时候回来,但他回来的时候我会让他给你回电话。 I don’t know if he will come back.If he comes back, I’ll tell you. 我不知道他是否会回来。如果他回来的话,我会告诉你。 考点六.宾语从句知识拓展 1.形容词后跟宾语从句 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised等。如: I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试。 I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉打扰你这么长时间。 2.名词后跟宾语从句 在no idea, question, problem等名词后跟wh-引导的宾语从句。如: I have no idea where he has gone.我不清楚他去哪儿了。 中考模拟试题 一．专项填空 1．（2024·福建莆田·一模）—Do you know ________? —Practice makes perfect. A． why is John learning Chinese B． how John improves his Chinese C．when John started learning Chinese 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道约翰是如何提高他的汉语水平的吗？——熟能生巧。 考查宾语从句。why is John learning Chinese约翰为什么在学中文；how John improves his Chinese约翰如何提高他的中文；when John started learning Chinese约翰什么时候开始学中文的。根据答句“Practice makes perfect.”可知，此处问的是方式，即如何提高中文的，应用how引导宾语从句，故选B。 2．（2024·福建三明·三模）—Do you know ________? —Yes. To better explore the outer space. A．why our country built our own space station B．when our own space station was built C．how our country built our own space station 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道为什么我们国家建造了自己的空间站吗？——是的。为了更好地探索外太空。 考查宾语从句。why our country built our own space station为什么我们国家建造了自己的空间站；when our own space station was built当我们自己的空间站建成时；how our country built our own space station我们的国家如何建造我们自己的空间站。根据“To better explore the outer space.”可知，空处考查特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，并且回答原因，应用why引导的宾语从句。故选A。 3．（2024·福建厦门·三模）—Excuse me, could you please tell me ________? —At 7 o’clock this evening. I will go with you. A．how we will go to the party B．who will attend the party C．when the party will start 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我聚会什么时候开始吗？——今天晚上7点。我和你一起去。 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构并结合选项可知，空处所在句为宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序；根据答语“At 7 o’clock this evening.”可知，此处询问时间，应用when引导宾语从句。故选C。 4．（2024·福建厦门·二模）—I wonder _________ at a low price. —You can book one through our official APP. A． how I can buy an air ticket B． when I can buy an air ticket C．where can I buy an air ticket 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我想知道怎样才能买到便宜的机票？——你可以通过我们官方的APP预定。 考查宾语从句。根据“You can book one through our official APP.”可知，询问的是订机票的方式，用how提问。故选A。 5．（2024·福建宁德·二模）—Can you tell me ________? —To improve my life skills. A．how you learn cooking B．when you started to learn cooking C．why you want to learn cooking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你为什么想学烹饪吗？——提高我的生活技能。 考查宾语从句。how表示方式；when表示时间；why表示原因。根据答语“To improve my life skills.”可知，此处表示目的，所以从句询问原因，应用why引导宾语从句，故选C。 二．语法填空 1.Find out 　　　 those things are, think hard about who you want to be, and then show yourself honestly to the people around you.  答案　what　考查宾语从句的连接词。此处表示“找出那些东西是什么……”。“ 　　　 those things are”为宾语从句,作find out的宾语,该从句中缺少表语,且设空处意为“什么”,故填what。  2.—Do you know　　　the Smiths left Shanghai?  —I’m not sure about the date. I only remember it was a Sunday. 答案　when　句意:——你知道史密斯一家什么时候离开上海的吗?——我不确定日期。我只记得是个星期天。本题考查连接词。根据答句可知是时间,因此使用when。 3.—It’s said that the new highway has been completed. —Yes,but we don’t know　　　 it’s to be opened to traffic soon.  答案　whether　句意:——据说新的公路已经竣工了。——是的,但是我们不知道是否很快就能通车。本题考查宾语从句的连接词。whether是否,符合句意。 4.—I saw David in the teachers’ office this morning.Do you know　　　 he was there?  —He went there to hand in his homework. why　句意:——今天早晨我看见David在老师办公室,你知道他为什么在那儿吗?——他去那儿交作业了。本题考查宾语从句的连接词。根据答语中的to hand in his homework可知,去办公室是为了交作业,应用why引导从句。 5.When you had your job, you didn't have time to write down　　　 you were thinking about.  答案　what　句意:当你有工作的时候,你没有时间把你正在思考的事情写下来。本题考查宾语从句。设空处在宾语从句中作宾语。 6.The professor smiled and said, “Please describe 　　　　　　you see in the test paper.”  答案　what　句意:教授笑着说:“请描述一下你在试卷上看到的东西。”考查宾语从句。设空处作see的宾语。 7.Inside the case, there's a number showing 　　　　　　gave the book and when they gave the book.   答案　who　句意:在箱子里,有一个号码显示了是谁给的这本书以及他们什么时候给的这本书。本题考查宾语从句。设空处在宾语从句中作主语,指人。 8.We'll find out 　　　　　　(是否) it turns out to be a good idea or not.  答案　whether/if　句意:我们将会知道这是否是个好主意。是否:whether/if;分析句子可知,设空处引导宾语从句。故填whether/if。 定语从句 定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。 中考考查重点： 关系代词的用法； 在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。 定语从句解析： I like a girl who is beautiful. 【定语从句】 先行词 关系代词 定语从句 关系词 作用 先行词 例句 that,who,whom (whom只作 宾语) 主语、宾 语、表语 人 Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam?你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗? that,which 主语、宾 语、表语 物 She has a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台父母给买的电脑。 whose 定语 人、物 He’s a man whose opinion I respect.他是我尊重意见的人。 The classroom whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个教室是我的教室。 when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。 where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那个学校。 why 状语 原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? 考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句： 作主语 作宾语 指人 who/that who/that（可省略） 指物 which/that which/that（可省略） that(万金油) 既可以指人，又可以指物 1.who/that指人，在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who/that are playing football on the playground are from Class One.【拆分】 The boys are from Class One. The boys are playing football on the playground. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man. An old man lost his way.【变成定语从句】 第一步：找到两句话中的共有名词。 Yesterday I helped an old man. An old man lost his way. 第二步：确定主从句，把从句的名词或代词用关系词替换。 Yesterday I helped an old man. who lost his way. 第三步：要把关系词放到从句的句首。 Yesterday I helped an old man. who lost his way. 第四步：把关系词引导的从句置于先行词的后边。 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. . 2. whom/who/that指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom/who/that) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 Mr. Liu is the person. You talked about the person. (2) The man is my friend. You met the man just now.【变成定语从句】 The man is my friend. You met the man just now.【先行词在从句中做宾语可省略】 The man is my friend. You met who/that just now. The man is my friend. who/that you met just now. The man who/that you met just now is my friend. . The man you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)【拆分】 Football is a game. A game is liked by most boys (2) This is the pen. He bought the pen yesterday.【变成定语从句】 This is the pen he bought yesterday. 4.只用that,不用which 的情况： (1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导: ①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。如: Is there anything that you don’t understand?你有不懂的地方吗? Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。 ②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如: This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。 ③当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级,或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如: This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。 ④当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。如: Which is the hotel that you like best?哪一个是你最喜欢的旅馆? 专项训练 1.It is the same with our lives. Those　　　choose to live in peace must help their neighbors to live in peace.  答案　who　设空处所在句含有定语从句,先行词为“Those”,指代人,故关系代词用“who”。从后一句“Those who choose”也可知答案。 2.“Anyone　　　has heard about Seattle’s train may think this is kind of fun,”McKaulay said.  答案　who　句意:“任何听说过西雅图火车的人可能认为这有点好玩。”McKaulay说道。由句子结构可判断出此处引导定语从句,先行词为anyone,故填关系代词who。 3.Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience 　　　people cannot get at home.  答案　that/which　句意:电影院可能会有一个更光明的未来,如果它们能提供给人们一种在家里无法获得的电影经历。本题考查定语从句。当先行词是表示事物的名词时,关系代词用that 或 which。 4.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything　　　comes into sight is so new to me.  答案　that　句意:在过去的10年里我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。对我来说,出现在我眼前的一切都是那么新。本题考查定语从句。由先行词Everything可知关系代词只能使用that。 5.—Why don’t you like fishing? —Fishing is a hobby　　　 needs much patience,but I’m not patient at all.  答案　that/which　句意:——你为什么不喜欢钓鱼?——钓鱼是一项需要许多耐心的爱好,但是我一点耐心都没有。本题考查定语从句。先行词hobby(爱好)指事物,关系代词应用that或which。 6.Running Man is a very relaxing TV program　　　 is hot among the young people.  答案　that/which　句意:《奔跑吧兄弟》是一个十分令人放松而且在年轻人中很受欢迎的电视节目。本题考查定语从句。由先行词program可知关系代词应用that/which。 7.China is a great country with about 5,000 years of history. There are many places of interest w　　　 attract millions of tourists from all over the world every year.  答案　which　设空处为定语从句的关系词,指物,在从句中作主语,故用which。 8.The earth is the planet 　　　 provides us with everything we need, fresh air, clean water and so on. It’s our duty to protect it.  答案　that/which　句意:地球是给我们提供新鲜的空气、干净的水等我们所需要的一切的行星。保护它是我们的责任。本题考查定语从句。先行词planet指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故答案为that/which。 9.Have you ever heard of the news　　　 is about the Strawberry Concert?  答案　that/which　句意:你曾经听说过关于草莓音乐会的新闻吗?本题考查定语从句。由设空处前指物的先行词news且关系词在从句中作主语可知定语从句关系代词用that/which。 考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句 when、where 和 why引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 (1) when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。 (2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词通常是表示原因的reason一词。 We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。 (3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。 That is the school where I studied three years ago.那是我三年前就读的学校。 (4)介词+关系代词 关系副词when, where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词(名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。 when 相当于“at/in/on/during + which” where 相当于“in/at/on + which” why 相当于“for + which” 王先生工作的那家工厂是一家鞋厂。 The factory is a shoe factory. Mr.Wang works in the factory. 这个句子有以下三种表达方式： The factory is a shoe factory which/that Mr. Wang works in. The factory is a shoe factory in which Mr. Wang works. The factory is a shoe factory where Mr. Wang works. 并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when, where, why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that。 (5)易混易错 1.只能用which引导的定语从句 (1)在引导非限制性定语从句时,不能用that。如: The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(此句中的which不能换成that) 这棵有四百年树龄的树在这里很有名。 (2)介词后不能用that。如: We depend on the land from which we get our food.(介词from后不能用that) 我们依靠土地获得食物。 2.判断关系代词与关系副词 用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。若谓语动词是及物动词且后面无宾语,就用关系代词;若谓语动词是及物动词且后面有宾语或谓语动词是不及物动词,则要用关系副词。如: I’ll never forget the day when I first met him.我永远不会忘记我第一次见到他的那一天。 The house where I live now was bought five years ago.我现在住的房子是五年前买的。 专项训练 1．（2024·黑龙江绥化·一模）October1, 1949 is the day ______ the PRC was founded. A．which B．when C．on that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 考查定语从句。which先行词表物，在从句中作主语或宾语；when先行词表时间，在从句中作时间状语；on that先行词表物，在从句中作主语或宾语。分析题干可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词day是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作状语，应用关系副词when引导定语从句。故选B。 2．（2024·四川成都·二模）Xiao Wang, we will graduate from this school in about three months. I believe we will never forget this school ________ we have studies for three years. A．where B．which C．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：小王，我们大约三个月后就要从这所学校毕业了。我相信我们永远不会忘记这所学校，我们在那里学习了三年。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是this school，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用where引导定语从句。故选A。 3．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）—Is there a restaurant around ________ I can have something to eat? —Yes, there is a Chinese restaurant near here. A．which B．that C．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——附近有没有餐馆可以让我吃点东西？——是的，这附近有一家中国餐馆。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空后是定语从句部分，修饰限定先行词restaurant，定语从句成分完整，应用关系副词，where符合，故选C。 考点三 非限制性定语从句 He will wear no clothes which will make him different from others. 限定性定语从句 他将穿没有和其他人与众不同的衣服。 He will wear no clothes, which will make him different from others. 非限制性定语从句 他将要不穿衣服，这将使他与众不同。 限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句 表意 与主句关系紧密，不能删除 与主句关系松散，可删除 功能 修饰先行词 先行词或整个句子 形式 无逗号隔开 有逗号隔开，不能使用that 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句，中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ① which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。 如：Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 ② which指代主句中的形容词。 She is always careless，which we should not be.她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。 ③ which指代主句中的某个从句。 如：He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true.他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。 ④ which指代整个主句。 如：In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。 中考模拟试题 1．（2024·福建福州·三模）We were encouraged by the speech ________ was given by the expert. A．who B．which C．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：专家的演讲使我们深受鼓舞。 考查定语从句。此句是一个定语从句，先行词“the speech”是物，且在从句中作主语，所以关系代词用which。故选B。 2．（2024·福建厦门·二模）Tan Kah kee is a pioneer of Chinese overseas ________ founded schools in Singapore and China. A．which B．who C．those 【答案】B 【详解】句意：陈嘉庚是海外华侨的一个先驱，他在新加坡和中国创办了学校。 考查定语从句。which先行词指物；who先行词指人；those那些，代词，不引导定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句为定语从句，先行词是指人的“Tan Kah kee”。故选B。 3．（2024·福建宁德·二模）A true friend is someone ________ accepts your past, supports your present and encourages your future. A．whose B．which C．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：真正的朋友是接受你的过去，支持你的现在，鼓励你的未来的人。 考查定语从句关系词辨析。whose先行词为人，在从句中作定语；which先行词为事物，在从句中作主语/宾语；who先行词为人，在从句中作主语/宾语。根据“someone... accepts your past,...”可知，先行词为someone，指人，且在从句中作主语，空处需填关系代词who引导定语从句。故选C。 4．（2024·福建厦门·二模）Nie Er wrote many pieces of music ________ inspired Chinese people to fight for the bright future. A．which B．who C．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：聂耳创作了许多乐曲，激励着中国人民为美好的未来而奋斗。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是music，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句。故选A。 5．（2024·福建福州·二模）I can’t find the book ________ my mother bought me. A．who B．when C．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我找不到妈妈给我买的那本书了。 考查定语从句。who引导先行词是人的定语从句；when什么时候；which引导先行词是物的定语从句。先行词the book指物，在从句中做宾语，可知填关系代词which或that。故选C。 6．（2024·福建宁德·一模）The National Anti-Fraud (反诈) Center is an app ________ helps prevent us being cheated. A．what B．that C．who 【答案】B 【详解】句意：国家反诈骗中心是一款帮助我们防止被骗的应用程序。 考查定语从句。what什么，不引导定语从句；that当定语从句的先行词是人或物时；who当先行词是人时使用。根据先行词是“an app”，所以是that。故选B。 7．（2024·福建福州·一模）—Why are the students in that college so excited? —Their teacher is one of the astronauts ________ have just returned from outer space. A．which B．that C．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——为什么那所大学的学生如此兴奋？——他们的老师是刚刚从外太空返回的宇航员之一。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是astronauts，关系词在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句。故选B。 8．（2024·福建三明·一模）— I think the poems ________ were written by Li Bai are beautiful. — I agree with you. A．which B．who C．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我认为李白写的诗很美。 ——我同意你的看法。 考查定语从句。which指物，在从句中作主语和宾语；who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose指“……的”，在从句中作定语。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词“the poems”指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which来引导定语从句。故选A。 9．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）Zhang Guimei is the greatest teacher ________ we have known. A．who B．what C．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：张桂梅是我们所认识的最伟大的老师。 考查定语从句。who引导定语从句先行词为人，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不引导定语从句；that引导定语从句先行词为人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为teacher，表示人，但因为先行词前有最高级修饰，所以多用that引导定语从句，故选C。 10．（2023·福建厦门·模拟预测）Most students like the teachers ________ understand them well. A．which B．who C．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：大多数学生喜欢能很好理解他们的老师。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此句是定语从句，先行词“teachers”指人，且关系代词在句中作主语，因此关系代词用who。故选B。 状语从句 状语从句的定义 用来修饰动词和形容词，以表明动作发生或状态存在的时间，地点，原因等等的句子叫做状语从句。 考情分析：从近五年考查情况来看，状语从句是每年的必考点，从属连词的考查一般出现在单项选择或语法选择或者完形填空中，状语从句的时态(主将从现)也是一个常考点。理解句意，分析句子逻辑关系。是解题的关键。 状语从句的分类 一、时间状语从句 二、原因状语从句 三、条件状语从句 四、让步状语从句 五、目的状语从句 六、结果状语从句 七、比较状语从句 考点一 时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连接词有: when, as, while, after, before, since, ever since, as soon as, once, till, until, whenever, no sooner…than, the moment/minute/instant/second, every time, each time, any time, the first time, next time, last time, all the time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly等。 第一次见到你 一见到你 直到见到你 五岁时见到你 表示时间——时间状语从句 我就喜欢上了你。 (1)when的用法 ①when意为“当……时”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。如: I feel very happy when you come to see me.你们来看我时,我感到很高兴。 When you are crossing the street,you must be careful.你(们)过马路时,一定要小心。 I was sleeping when someone knocked at the door.当有人敲门时,我正在睡觉。 ②when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性动词,也可以用终止性动词。如: He was working at the table when I went in.当我进去的时候,他正在桌旁工作。 I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.当我在上海时,我在一家外企工作。 (2)while的用法 while引导时间状语从句时常译为“与……同时,在……期间”。while引导的从句常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。 如: They rushed in while we were discussing problems.当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。 (3)as的用法 as引导时间状语从句时可以表达“正当,一边……一边……,随着”等意思。如: We get wiser as we get older.我们随着年龄的增长而变得聪明起来。 (4)before与after的用法 before表示“在……之前”,after表示“在……之后”。如: I will always study hard before I enter Peking University.在我考入北京大学之前我将一直努力学习。 She showed me many beautiful stamps after I had got to her home.我到达她家以后,她让我看了好多漂亮的邮票。 (5)until/till的用法 till/until都表示“直到”,常可换用,但till不用于句首。not...until表示“直到……才……”。如: You may stay here until the rain stops.你可以在这里一直待到雨停。 He didn’t go to bed until he had finished his work.他直到完成工作才去睡觉。 (6)since的用法 since引导的时间状语从句,表示“自……以来”,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。如: I have worked in this company since I graduated from Peking University.我从北京大学毕业后,一直在这家公司上班。 (7)as soon as的用法 as soon as引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即发生,意为“一……就……”。该从句经常用一般现在时表示将来时态。如: As soon as he arrives,I’ll tell him.他一到,我就告诉他。 专项训练 1.There are no hospitals. 　　　they are ill, people have to get medicine from plants.   答案　When/If　本题考查连词。由语境可知,此处指当/如果他们生病了,他们不得不从植物中获取药物。故用When引导时间状语从句或If引导条件状语从句。 2.So I kept asking Harry if I could go, too—　　　(直到) he agreed at last!  答案　till/until　句意:因此我不停地问Harry我是否也能去——直到他最后同意了!本题考查连词的拼写。设空处引导时间状语从句,且根据汉语提示可知,应是till/until。 3.—Have you ever been to the Summer Palace? —Yes. I have visited it many times 　　　 2009.  答案　since 　句意:——你去过颐和园吗?——是的。自从2009年以来,我已经参观过很多次了。根据句子时态及空格后的过去的时间点可知,应用since。 4.Students can ask for help 　　　(无论何时)they need it at school.  答案　whenever　句意:在学校里,无论何时需要帮助,学生们都能寻求帮助。本题考查时间状语从句的引导词。 5.　　　 the dinner was all over,everyone helped wash the dishes.  答案　When　句意:当晚饭完全结束以后,每个人都帮忙洗餐具。本题考查连词。when在……以后,根据句意和语境可知答案。 6.Julie didn’t leave her office　　　 the police arrived.  答案　until　句意:直到警察到了Julie才离开她的办公室。not...until...意为“直到……才……”。 7.We've been friends 　　　we were at school together.  答案　since　句意:自从我们一起在学校的时候,我们就是朋友。本题考查连词。主句是现在完成时,从句是一般过去时,因此填since。 考点二 条件状语从句 (1)如果主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。 I’ll visit the Great Wall if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我将去长城。 (2)引导条件状语从句的词或词组有:if,unless,in case等。 In case it rains,don’t expect me.如果下雨,就不要等我了。 专项训练 1.Our world will get better and better 　　　 each of us lives a greener life.  答案　if　句意:如果我们每个人都过更环保的生活,我们的世界将会变得越来越好。 本题考查连词。根据句意可知该用if引导条件状语从句。 2.　　　 we keep our hearts open,we can experience the happiness friendship brings us.  答案　If　句意:如果我们打开心扉,我们就可以感受到友谊带给我们的快乐。本题考查状语从句。根据句意可知设空处引导条件状语从句,因此填If。 3.I usually sleep with the window open 　　　　　　(除非) it's really cold.   答案　unless　句意:我通常开着窗户睡觉,除非天气很冷。根据汉语提示可知答案。 考点三 原因状语从句 原因状语从句由because, as , since, now (that)（既然）,considering that（考虑到）For the reason that 由于…原因，due to the fact that 由于…事实 等引导。 (1)原因状语从句通常用because,since,as引导。这三个词所表示的语气从because到as逐渐减弱,由why提出的问题用because来回答。如: I was late because I was ill.我迟到是因为我病了。 (2)如果状语从句所表示的原因是人们已知的事实,常译为“既然”,就要用since。 Since you can’t answer the question,you can ask someone for help.既然你不能回答这个问题,你可以找别人帮忙。 注意 because和because of的区别：because是连词，引导从句，because of是短语介词，后接名词性词语，如： The football match was put off because it rained. The football match was put off because of the rain.因为下雨，足球赛延期了。 专项训练 1.She can put it anywhere in the house 　　　it is small and doesn’t take up much room.  答案　because/as　本题考查连词。 根据前后文的意思可知,前后文存在因果关系,前为果,后为因,故填because/as。 2.I am really proud of my group　　　we􀆳re always discussing and sharing study secrets together. How important the group work is!  答案　because　句意:我真的为我的小组感到自豪,因为我们总是一起讨论和分享学习的诀窍。小组讨论是多么重要啊!本题考查连词。根据句意可知答案。 3.Chen Wei isn’t at school today 　　　 he is taking a robot competition in Shanghai.  答案　because　句意:陈伟今天没上学,因为他正在上海参加机器人比赛。本题考查连词。“参加机器人比赛”是“没上学”的原因,应用because。 考点四 让步状语从句 由though, although, as, even if/though , no matter wh-, wh-ever词，whether...or（不管...都），when, while等引导。 1. though, although 这两个连词用法基本一样，只是前者口语化，后者较正式，常位于句首，都不与 连用，但可以和yet，still，nevertheless连用。though还可作副词单独放在句尾，表示“然而”的意思。 他很累，但是他依然坚持努力工作。 He is tired, but he still keeps on working hard. =Although/though he is tired, he (still) keeps on working hard. Though /Although he was worn out, he kept on working. 2. even if（尽管；即使）, even though（尽管） 这两个复合连词意义基本相同，常用以强调让步概念，有退一步想的意思（有时用于虚拟）。表“即使”时有假设含义，一般用even if。 We'll make trip even if(though) the weather is bad. Even if I were in your place, I wouldn't take the job.（虚拟） 3. as引导让步状语时 ①形容词/副词/名词+ as +主 +谓 ②动词+ as +主 +情态动词 Child as he is, he knows a lot. Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me. Great a scientist as he is, he remains modest. Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone. 注意 在这种倒装结构中，也可以用though（不太常用），但不可用although. Bravely though the players fought, they had no chance of winning. 4.“no matter + wh-”引导让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句时“疑问句-ever”相当于“no matter +疑问词”，此时： no matter who = whoever 无论是谁 no matter what = whatever no matter which = whichever no matter where = wherever no matter how = however No matter what happened, he would not mind. It's a nice room no matter whom (whoever) it belongs to. 5.while引导让步状语从句时置于主句前，与though同，但though从句可到装，while从句不可倒装。 专项训练 1.　　　 (虽然) people around the world may enjoy doing some similar things in their free time, their interests are changing.  答案　Although/Though　本题考查连词。此处引导让步状语从句,故填Although/Though。 2.尽管那是她第一次吃中餐，但她立刻就喜欢上了中餐。 She fell in love with Chinese food, it was just her first time trying it. 【答案】although/though 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“尽管”的英文表达。although/though意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，与but“但是”不能同时出现在同一句子中。故填although/though。 3.无论你遇到什么困难，你都应尽全力克服。 what problems you meet, you should make an effort to deal with them. 【答案】No matter 【详解】通过中英文句子对照可知, 英文句子中需要翻译的部分是“无论”，可知英文表达用no matter，且首字母要大写。故填No matter。 4.　　　 Mike didn’t win the race,he was still wearing a smile on his face.  答案　Although　句意:尽管Mike没有赢得这场比赛,但他的脸上仍然带着笑容。本题考查连词。根据句意可知设空处表让步,所以答案为Although。 5.　　　the village was very small, I spent a whole day in it.  答案　Although/Though　本题考查连词。前半句说村庄很小,而后半句却说“我”在村庄里度过了一整天,前后存在明显的转折关系,故应用表转折关系的连词Although/Though。 考点五 目的状语从句 由so that（以便）， in order that（为了）=for the purpose that，for fear that（= in case）（以免），lest（以防）引导，谓语常含may, might, can, could, will, would等情态动词。 (1) 引导目的状语从句的词组有so that,in order that 等, 谓语中常含有may,might,can,could,will,would 等情态动词。如: He must get up early so that he can go to work on time.他必须早点起床,以便能按时上班。 (2) 当从句主语与主句主语一致时,可用so as to,in order to。 He worked day and night in order that he could succeed. =He worked day and night in order to succeed.他夜以继日地工作为的是取得成功。 专项训练 1.（2024·重庆江北·二模）花更多的时间与父母交谈，以便他们更好地理解你。（完成译句） Spend more time talking with your parents they can understand you better. 【答案】 so that 【详解】根据中英文对应可知，空格处缺少“以便”，对应英文短语so that，引导目的状语从句，故填so；that。 2.（2024·重庆沙坪坝·二模）说大声点以便别人能听到你说话。（完成译句） Speak louder you can make yourself heard. 【答案】 so that 【详解】so that“以便”，引导目的状语从句，故填so；that。 考点六 结果状语从句 1.常用的连词有so that，so ... that, too...to...,such...that, that（带古英语痕迹）。 (1)主要由so...that,such...that 引导。 so...that与such...that的区别: She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much. 她是一个如此可爱的女孩,以至于我们都很喜欢她。 当名词前面有many或much修饰时,用so而不用such。如: We have so much time that we can finish the work very well.我们有如此多的时间以至于我们能很好地完成工作。 (2)so...that句型的否定形式可用too...to...或not...enough to 代替。 He is so young that he can’t go to school. =He is too young to go to school. =He is not old enough to go to school.他太小了不能去上学。 专项训练 1．（2024·广东广州·三模）我们需要制定严格的规则，从而让这个新兴的商业模式更加成功。 We need to set strict rules this new way of business can become . 【答案】 so that more successful 【详解】制定严格的规则是为了让这个模式更加成功，第一、二空处应填so that“为了，以便”引导目的状语从句；become后接形容词作表语，此处应填形容词的比较级more successful“更加成功的”。故填so；that；more；successful。 2．（2024·广东广州·二模）电影是如此励志，以致受到人们的热烈欢迎。 The film was inspiring it has been warmly received by the people. 【答案】 so that 【详解】根据中英文对比可知，空格处缺少“如此……以致……”。“如此……以致……”可以用“so...that...”来表达。“so”是副词，修饰形容词“inspiring”，“that”引导结果状语从句。故填so；that。 3．（2024·广东广州·二模）它如此小巧，我们可以把它放在口袋里随身携带。 It is small we can carry it in the pocket. 【答案】 so that 【详解】small是形容词，修饰形容词用so…that表示“如此……以至于”，引导结果状语从句，故填so；that。 4.Lance was so excited 　　　he got everything ready when Nathan got home.  答案　that　考查连词。分析空前的so excited及空后的he got everything ready可知,本句为so...that...句式,意为“如此……以至于……”。故填that。 5.When I knew there was going to be a free meal of hotpot to welcome the new students, I was so excited 　　　 I went to the canteen quickly.  答案　that　句意:当我知道为迎接新同学有一顿免费的火锅时,我感到很兴奋,马上就到了餐厅。so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”,引导状语从句。 6.It is 　　　　　　beautiful that it attracts 100,000 people every week.   答案　so　考查结果状语从句。so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”。 考点七 比较状语从句 比较状语从句 ①常用连词than, as ...as..., not as/so... as He ran as far as he could. I'm not as/so tall as he/him. She studies harder than I（study）． ②the more ... the more...引导, 且经常以省略形式出现 The harder you try, the better you will understand. 专项训练 1．（2022·江苏无锡·二模）— Can Jimmy help us with the problem? — Yes, his promise is ________ gold. Trust him! A．as long as B．as good as C．as well as D．as much as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——吉米能帮我们解决这个问题吗？——是的，他的承诺非常可靠。相信他！ 考查as … as同级比较。as long as只要；as good as与……一样好；as well as也；as much as多达。根据下文“Trust him!”提示，此处指的是他的承诺非常可靠，as good as gold意为“十分可靠”，符合句意，故选B。 考点八 地点状语从句 地点状语从句 1.地点状语从句主要由where, wherever anywhere, everywhere引导。 We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 I will follow you wherever you go.无论你到何处我都要跟随你。 2.地点状语从句与定语从句的区别： where引导定语从句，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词。 Go back where you came from.（where引导地点状语从句） Go back to the village where you came from.（where引导定语从句，village为先行词） 考点九 方式状语从句 方式状语从句 由as, as if =as though引导。 Do as you like. He spoke as if he had been there before. 注意 as if, as though从句与事实相反时用虚拟语气，与事实相符，不用虚拟语气。 考点十 状语从句的省略现象 状语从句的省略现象 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同或为it, 同时从句谓语含be动词，就可省去从句的主语和be动词。 ①时间状语从句中： Don’t speak until (you are) spoken to. While (I was) in Beijing, I lived with my uncle. I want to go swimming when (it is) possible. ②条件状语从句中： Come tomorrow if (it is) possible. If (it is) so, you would be punished. Unless (it is) repaired, the TV set is of no use. ③方式状语从句中： She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone. ④其他状语从句中： Though (it was) cold, he still wore a shirt. Fill in the blanks with proper words where (it is) necessary. 中考模拟试题 1．（2024·福建莆田·一模）Dreams don’t work ________ you must work hard for them. A．if B．though C．unless 【答案】C 【详解】句意：梦想不会实现，除非你必须为之努力。 考查连词辨析。if如果；though虽然；unless除非。根据“Dreams don’t work...you must work hard for them.”可知后句是前句的否定条件，即：如果你不为梦想努力，梦想就不会实现，应用unless引导条件状语从句。故选C。 2．（2024·福建厦门·二模）We _______ by the river side when a sudden storm hit, so we made our way back. A．walked B．were walking C．have walked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当一场突如其来的暴风雨袭来时，我们正走在河边，所以我们回去了。 考查状语从句的时态。walked步行，用于一般过去时；were walking正在走，用于过去进行时；have walked用于现在完成时。根据“when a sudden storm hit”可知，本句为when引导的时间状语从句，从句是一般过去时，所以主句应用过去进行时，表示暴风雨来临时正在发生的事，其构成是“was/were+现在分词”，主语为we，需用were。故选B。 3．（2024·福建三明·三模）—What are you going to do tomorrow? —I will play soccer ________ my mother lets me go out. A．if B．before C．until 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你明天打算做什么?  ——如果妈妈让我出去，我就去踢足球。 考查连词辨析。if如果；before在⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅之前；until直到。分析句子可知，后句是前句的肯定条件，需用if“如果”，引导条件状语从句。故选A。 4．（2024·福建宁德·二模） ________ many things have changed a lot, my love for sports hasn’t changed a bit. A．Although B．Because C．Unless 【答案】A 【详解】句意：虽然很多事情都发生了很大的变化，但我对体育的热爱丝毫没有改变。 考查从属连词辨析。Although虽然，引导让步状语从句；Because因为，引导原因状语从句；Unless除非，引导条件状语从句。根据语境可知，虽然很多事情都发生了很大的变化，但我对体育的热爱丝毫没有改变，此处为让步状语从句，Although“虽然”符合语境。故选A。 5．（2024·福建厦门·二模）—There will be more pollution ________ we keep recycling rubbish in our daily life. —I can’t agree more. A．unless B．if C．since 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——除非我们在日常生活中继续回收垃圾，否则污染会更多。——我完全同意。 考查连词辨析。unless除非；if如果；since因为。分析前后两句可知，后句是前句的否定条件，用unless引导条件状语从句。故选A。 6．（2024·福建泉州·三模）—Mum, may I have more chocolate? —You’d better not, ________ too much sweet food is bad for health. A．while B．although C．because 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我可以再吃点巧克力吗？——你最好不要吃，因为吃太多甜食对健康有害。 考查连词辨析。while然而；although尽管；because因为。根据“too much sweet food is bad for health.”可知，因为太多的甜食对健康有害，所以不能再吃巧克力了。故选C。 7．（2024·福建泉州·二模）—Mr. Smith, can you give me advice on how to improve my writing? —Sure. ______ you work harder, you can be a much luckier dog. A．As well as B．As soon as C．As long as 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——史密斯先生，你给我一些提高写作水平的建议吗？——当然。只要更加努力，你总会走运的。 考查条件状语从句。As well as以及；As soon as一……就……；As long as只要。根据“you work harder, you can be a much luckier dog.”可知，只要努力学习就可以提高自己的写作，应用as long as引导条件状语从句，故选C。 8．（2024·福建泉州·一模）—I’m afraid to dance in public and I don’t think I can make it. —You never know _________ you try it. A．if B．until C．because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我害怕在公共场合跳舞，我想我做不到。——不尝试你永远不会知道。 考查连词辨析。if如果；until直到……为止；because因为。根据“You never know ... you try it.”可推出直到试了才会知道，用until引导时间状语从句。故选B。 9．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）Mary has learned a lot about the history of Beijing ______ she can be a tour guide. A．so that B．after all C．even if 【答案】A 【详解】句意：玛丽了解了很多关于北京的历史，这样她就能当导游了。 考查连词。so that以便，为了；after all毕竟；even if即使。由“Mary has learned a lot about the history of Beijing … she can be a tour guide”可知，了解北京历史的目的是为了当导游，故此处用so that引导目的状语从句。故选C。 10．（2023·福建泉州·模拟预测）—You will never get anywhere __________ you have set your goal. —I quite agree with you. A．if B．unless C．since 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——除非你设定了目标，否则你永远不会有任何进展。——我非常同意你说的。 考查连词辨析。if如果，引导条件状语从句；unless如果不，除非，引导条件状语从句；since自从，引导时间状语从句。根据句意可知，you have set your goal（你设定目标）是去任何地方的条件，排除C。never表示“从不”是否定词，主句为否定句，故连词需用表达否定含义的unless。故选B。 11．（2023·福建泉州·二模）—Few people will concern the importance of health ________ they fall ill. —That’s the problem! Prevention is better than cure. A．until B．when C．as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——很少有人会关心健康的重要性，直到他们生病了。——这确实是个问题！预防比治疗更好。 考查连词辨析。until直到；when当……时候；as当，强调主从句动作同时发生。根据“Few people will concern the importance of health ... they fall ill.”可知，few表示“几乎没有”，表否定，主句是否定句，until用于否定句中，表示“直到……才”。故选A。 12．（2023·福建福州·三模）________ we continue to pull together,  we’ll keep winning the game. A．As well as B．As long as C．As soon as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：只要我们保持齐心协力，我们就会继续赢得这场比赛。 考查条件状语从句。as well as和……一样好；as long as只要；as soon as一……就……。根据“we continue to pull together,   we’ll keep winning the game.”可知，“我们保持齐心协力”为条件，用as long as引导条件状语从句。故选B。 13．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）Why not listen to the teacher carefully ________ you can do your homework easily after class? A．so that B．such that C．in order to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为什么不认真听老师讲课，以便于你能课下轻松地做作业呢？ 考查状语从句。so that以便于，引导目的状语从句；such that常分开使用，即such...that...引导结果状语从句；in order to为了，后面接短语，作目的状语。结合句意，认真听老师讲课是为了能在课下轻松地做作业，且空后是完整的句子，所以引导目的状语从句，用so that，故选A。 14．（2023·福建漳州·二模）It is said that Zhang Sanfeng created tai chi(太极) ________ he had watched a fight between snake and a bird. A．until B．after C．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：据说，张三丰在观看了蛇与鸟的搏斗后创造了太极拳。 考查连词辨析。until直到；after在之后；when当……时。根据“Zhang Sanfeng created tai chi(太极)…he had watched a fight between snake and a bird”可知，在观看了蛇与鸟的搏斗后创造了太极拳，故选B。 15．（2023·福建漳州·一模）My friend helps to bring out the best in me ________ we have disagreements sometimes. A．although B．since C．because 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的朋友帮助我展现出最好的一面，尽管我们有时会有分歧。 考查连词辨析。although尽管；since自从；because因为。根据“My friend helps to bring out the best in me…we have disagreements sometimes.”可知，此处指尽管“我”和朋友有分歧，但朋友还是帮助“我”。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$