专题4.动词时态和语态讲练-2025年福建省中考英语讲义

专题4.动词时态和语态讲练 复习动词时态复习，使学生掌握初中所学的七大时态的用法，构成。以及在实际语境中，书面表达中的运用。 考题主要在单项选择，语法填空中出现。当然书面表达中准确运用时态也会影响学生得分。动词的时态历来是中考题中考查的重头戏之一。测试重点放在根据特定语言环境区别使用一般现在时，一般过去时和现在完成时；一般现在时(过去时)与现在(过去)进行时；特定的时间状语中时态的使用；结合所获得的语言知识确定正确时态的能力等。综上所述，动词的时态在中考测试中的地位非常重要。因而考生在复习备考中必须对本专题引起足够的重视。 动词时态 考点一 一般现在时 定义：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态。 构成：do,does/be(am,is,are)——动词变三单 past now future 基本句型: 句型： do does(三单) am,is,are 陈述句 I drink water every morning. She drinks water every morning. She is late for school. 否定句 I don’t drink water every morning. She doesn’t drink water every morning. She is not late for school. 疑问句 Do you drink water every morning? Yes, I do./No,I don’t. Does she drink water every morning? Yes,she does./No,she doesn’t. Is she late for school? Yes,she is./No,she isn’t. 时间标志：一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays. 一般现在时的用法 ①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与often,always,usually,sometimes,once a week,every day等表示频度的副词或时间状语连用。如: I often go to school by bike.我经常骑自行车去上学。 ②表示客观事实或普遍真理。如: The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 ③在某些以here,there开头的句子中,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。如: There goes the bell.铃响了。 2.动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则 形式 构成 例词 第三人称 单数形式 在动词原形后加-s runs,likes 以ch,sh,ss,o,x结尾的动词,在词尾加-es teach—teaches wash—washes pass—passes go—goes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变i再加-es study—studies try—tries 以元音字母加y结尾的动词,在词尾加-s stay—stays play—plays 5.用一般现在时表示将来的情况 ①表示按规定或时间表预计将发生的动作。如: We’re going to Changchun.Our plane takes off at 8:10.我们打算去长春。我们的飞机8:10起飞。 ②当主句为一般将来时态时,在if,as soon as,until,when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如: If it doesn’t rain this afternoon,we’ll have a football match.如果今天下午不下雨,我们将进行一场足球比赛。 专项训练 一．写出下列单词的单数第三人称形式 catch go buy cost carry break lie make miss rush 二．语法填空 1.Don’t worry. Bill will help you look after your dog when you 　　　(be) away on business.  2.Grace　　　 (win)this game every time we play.  考点二 一般过去时 定义： 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。 构成：did/be(was,were)——动词变过去式 基本句型: 句型： did was,were 陈述句 I saw him yesterday. She was a student. 否定句 I didn’t see him yesterday. She wasn’t a student. 疑问句 Did you see him yesterday? Yes, I did./No,I didn’t. Was she a student? Yes,she was./No,she wasn’t. 时间标志：yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等。 一般过去时的用法 ①表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如: I got up at six this morning.今天早上我六点起的床。 We visited the factory last week.上周我们参观了那个工厂。 ②表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如: When I was in the countryside,I often swam in the river.当我在乡下时,我常常在河里游泳。 专项训练 1.Miss Zhang 　　　(订购)a dress online two weeks ago, but it hasn􀆳t arrived yet.  2.England started colonies(殖民地)later. After a few fights, they　　　(take)control of the land.  3.—How come you are late again? —I　　　because my alarm clock didn’t go off.(oversleep)  4.When I 　　　(arrive) at the hotel, it was midnight.  5.—There is someone knocking at the door. —It must be the computer repairman. I 　　　(call)him to come to fix my computer.  考点三 一般将来时 定义：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 构成：will+do/be(am,is,are) going to do 基本句型: 句型： will do be(am,is,are) going to do 陈述句 I’ll go to the zoo tomorrow. I am going to the zoo tomorrow. 否定句 I won’t go to the zoo tomorrow. I am not going to the zoo tomorrow. 疑问句 Will you go to the zoo tomorrow? Yes, I will./No,I won’t. Are you going to the zoo tomorrow? Yes,I am./No,I am not. 时间标志：一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow等。 一般将来时的用法 1.当主语是I或we时,疑问句中一般使用shall,表示征求对方意见。如: Where shall we meet tomorrow?明天我们在哪里见面? 2.“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事,还可表示已决定的、很可能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如: What are you going to do next Sunday?下周日你打算干什么? Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.看那些乌云,暴风雨就要来临了。(客观迹象) 注意:在下面几种情况下只可用shall(will)表示将来,而不可用be going to。 ①表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气地邀请或命令时。如: Will you please lend me your bike?请你把自行车借给我用一下好吗? ②表示意愿时。如: We will help him if he asks us.如果他要我们帮忙,我们愿意帮助他。 ③表示单纯的将来,与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。如: The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow morning.明天早上太阳将在6:30升起。 3.be doing表示将来 常用于这种结构的动词有go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等,表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。如: We are leaving for London.我们就要动身去伦敦了。 She is going there tomorrow.她明天要去那里。 4.“be about to+动词原形”和“be to+动词原形”结构表示即将发生的动作。如: She is about to travel by plane.她即将坐飞机去旅行。 专项训练 1.I　　　(send)you some photos of Edinburgh Castle next time.  2.Next year, they 　　　　　　(make) a CD of their songs and start a charity.   3.But surely, people believe, his dream 　　　　　　(come) true in the near future.  考点四 现在进行时 定义：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (am is are ) +doing——动词变现在分词 句型： be (am is are ) +doing 陈述句 He is washing the dishes now. 否定句 He is not washing the dishes now. 疑问句 Is he washing the dishes now? Yes, he is./No,he isn’t. 时间标志：现在进行时的时间状语有:now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等。 如：What are you doing now?(你现在在干什么？) I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说) 现在进行时的用法 ①表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如: —What are you doing?——你在做什么? —I am reading English.——我在读英语。 ②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。如: They are studying hard this term.他们这学期学习一直很努力。 ③go,leave,arrive,start等动词用现在进行时表示将来。如: I am going to Beijing this Sunday.本周日我打算去北京。 ④当时间状语为now,these days等或当句子中含有look,listen,can you see,can’t you see之类的暗示词时,要用现在进行时。但应注意下列这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中。 a.与感官相关的动词,如see,hear等。 b.表示喜欢或厌恶的动词,如like,love等。 c.表示希望的动词,如want,would like等。 d.表示状态的动词,如be等。 e.表示归属的动词,如have等。 f.表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词,如know,forget等。 2.动词现在分词的变化规则 形式 构成 例词 现在分词 在动词原形后加-ing read—reading 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing live—living write—writing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ing sit—sitting begin—beginning 少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ing die—dying lie—lying tie—tying 专项训练 1.Research company Nielsen found that in the UK, sales of e-books are f　　　 while sales of paper books are rising.  2.Look! The boys are k　　　(踢) the ball around in the yard.  3.Please don’t make so much noise. The baby　　　(sleep)now.  4.—Mum,where is Dad? —He　　　 (plant)flowers in the garden now.  考点五 过去进行时 定义：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (was，were ) +doing——动词变现在分词 基本句型: 句型： be (was,were) +doing 陈述句 He was washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 否定句 He was not washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 疑问句 Was he washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday? Yes, he was./No,he wasn’t. 时间标志：过去进行时的时间状语有：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。 过去进行时的用法 1.表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then,at that time,this time yesterday,at ten yesterday等连用。如: —What were you doing at nine last night?——昨天晚上九点你正在干什么? —I was watching TV at that time.——那时我正在看电视。 2.注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用: ①主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,主句用过去进行时(从句用一般过去时)。 ②从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,从句用过去进行时(主句用一般过去时)。 ③若主、从句动作开始的时间不存在先后关系(即同时发生)或无所谓先后时,主从句可同时使用过去进行时,此时的时间状语从句一般由while来引导。 3.一般过去时和过去进行时的区别 一般来说,如果强调过去某个时候或某段时间曾有过某个(已完成的)动作时应用一般过去时;而如果强调动作在过去某个时候或某段时间内正在进行(是否完成不明确)时则应用过去进行时。 专项训练 1.My mother　　　(cook)dinner when I got home yesterday.  2.I saw Jeff in the park.He　　　 (sit)on the grass and reading a book.  3.—Why did the car hit the boy? —Because the driver 　　　 (talk)on the phone at that time.  考点六 现在完成时 定义：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 构成：have (has)+done——动词变过去分词 基本句型: past now future 句型： have done has done 陈述句 I have seen that film before. She has seen that film before. 否定句 I haven’t seen that film before She hasn’t seen that film before. 疑问句 Have you (ever) seen that film before? Yes, I have./No,I haven’t. Has she (ever) seen that film before? Yes, she has./No,she hasn’t. 时间标志：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。 现在完成时的用法 ①表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如: —Have you had your lunch yet?——你吃过午饭了吗? —Yes,I have.I’ve just had it.——是的,我刚吃过。(说明现在饱了。) I have lost my pen.我把钢笔弄丢了。(过去某个时间丢的,现在还没有找到。) I have already watched the TV play.我已经看过这部电视剧了。 —Have you found your lost pen yet?——你找到丢失的钢笔了吗? —No.I haven’t found it yet.——没有,我还没有找到。 注意:already,yet常和现在完成时连用。already用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末表示惊讶。yet用在疑问句和否定句中。 ②表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和for+时间段或since+时间点连用,表示持续的动作或状态,多为延续性动词。如: We have lived here since 2000.自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里。(说明一直住在这里,也许还会住下去。) 2.几个副词在现在完成时中的用法 ①just 意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。如: He has just come back from Beijing.他刚从北京回来。 ②ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。如: Have you ever been to Shanghai?你去过上海吗? ③never意为“从来没有”,常与before 连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。如: I have never traveled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。 ④since+时间点/for+时间段。如: I have been in Beijing for two years.我在北京两年了。 3.延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法 ①现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。如:我离开这所学校已八年了。 误:I’ve left this school for eight years. 正:I’ve been away from this school for eight years.他借用我的词典已两天了。 误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days. 正:He has kept my dictionary for two days. 不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。如: I haven’t gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。 ②非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法: a.将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy borrow open close begin/start come finish die put on wake up fall asleep join leave b.将时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。 c.用句型“It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”表示。如: It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。 4.动词的过去式与过去分词 ①规则变化 形式 构成 例词 过去式与 过去分词 (规则变化) 在动词原形后加-ed work—worked 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed carry—carried study—studied 以e结尾的动词,直接加-d live—lived 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母后再加-ed stop—stopped plan—planned 专项训练 1.She looked at me and said,“Oh, thank you very much, but someone 　　　(give) me food earlier and I’m quite full now.  2.You might be surprised to hear that the number of people sleeping rough(露宿)in London has doubled in the last five years and has i　　　 by 30% across the rest of the country during the last two years.  3.She 　　　(study) English in the school since she left her hometown.  4.My mother　　　(be)a good example for me since I was young.  5.It’s nice to see you again. We　　　(see)each other since 2014.  被动语态 考点一 被动语态定义 1. 被动语态定义：主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。 主动语态改写为被动语态： 主动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语(人/物) + 其他 + 状语 (动作的执行者) (各种时态形式) (动作的承受者) 被动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + by +人 / 物 + 其他 + 状语 (动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者) 主动语态： I play basketball. 被动语态：Basketball is played by me. 考点二 被动语态构成 英语中被动语态由“助动词be +动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。具体结构见下表： 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 ①be ② do/does 一般过去时 ①was/were ②did 一般将来时 will + do be(am,is,are) going to + do 过去将来时 would+do be(was,were) going to+do 现在完成时 have/has + done 过去完成时 had + done 现在进行时 be(am,is,are) + doing 过去进行时 be(was,were) +doing 情态动词 情态动词 + do 不定时 to do 考点三.被动语态的用法 1.被动语态主要用于下列几种情况: (1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:This watch was made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。 (2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如:More trees must be planted every year.每年都应该种更多的树。 (3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如: Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的使用广泛) 2.不用被动语态的情况 (1)主动句中的宾语是each other或反身代词时,不能用被动语态。如: They help each other study English.他们互相帮助学习英语。 (2)当主动句的谓语动词是表示状态的及物动词时,不能用于被动语态。如: She has dark hair and brown eyes.她一头黑发,眼睛是棕色的。 (3)主动句中的宾语是不定式或动名词时,不能用于被动语态。如: My brother enjoys watching TV.我弟弟喜欢看电视。 He asked to have a try.他请求试一试。 考点四.　主动语态和被动语态的转换 1.主动语态变为被动语态 (1)要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。 (2)把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格代词变成宾格代词,并由by引出。 (3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 如:We asked him to sing an English song.(变为被动语态)→He was asked to sing an English song by us. 2.“S+V+Oi+Od”结构变为被动语态 谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如: She gave me a book.(变为被动语态)→I was given a book by her. A book was given to me by her. 3.短语动词变为被动语态 许多由不及物动词和介词、副词等构成的短语动词相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。但是短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。如: The old should be politely spoken to.(to不可省略) 4.“S+V+O+Oc”结构变为被动语态 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。如: I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)→Jane was heard playing the piano in her room. 5.不带to的不定式作宾补变为被动语态时,应加上不定式符号to He makes the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态)→The girl is made to stay at home by him. 考点五. 易混易错点 被动语态和系表结构的区别 (1)被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者,而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如: The shop was closed by the police.(动作)这个商店被警察查封了。 The shop is closed today.(状态)这个商店今天不营业。 (2)系表结构中的-ed形式的形容词常有固定的介词搭配,被动语态结构中常由by引出动作的执行者。如: Miss Wang is satisfied with us.(系表结构)王老师对我们很满意。 (3)系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时,而被动语态结构则可用于多种时态。 (4)系表结构可以用very,so,quite,too,rather等词修饰,而被动语态可以用greatly,widely等词修饰。 I was not so satisfied with what you said.我对你说的不是很满意。 I was greatly moved by this moving story.我被这个感人的故事深深感动了。 (5)谓语动词带有时间、地点或方式状语时,多半是被动语态。 The window was broken yesterday.这个窗户是昨天被打破的。 (6)被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成,而系表结构除了用be之外,还可以用其他连系动词。 He became interested in English.他开始对英语感兴趣了。 考点六.拓展 1.表示“据说、据报道”等时,也用被动语态。 It’s said that he is going abroad with his parents.据说他要随他的父母去国外。 It’s reported that many people have been lost in the earthquake.据报道,地震已造成许多人失踪。 2.祈使句变为被动句时,用“Let+宾语+be+过去分词”句式;否定祈使句变为被动句时,用“Don’t let+宾语+be+过去分词”句式。 Keep the book on the desk.→Let the book be kept on the desk. Don’t put the knife here.→Don’t let the knife be put here. 3.在口语和非正式文体中,“get+过去分词”短语也常用于表示被动意义。 Watch out for the fire, or you’ll get burnt.当心火,否则你会被烧伤的。 一般现在时的被动语态专练 1.It’s also 　　　(call)the Double Ninth Festival.  2.—How clean your car is! —Thank you.It　　　 (wash)very often.  3.When you　　　 (give)a difficult task,try to continue with it and finish it.  一般过去时的被动语态专练 1.Emily is glad that she 　　　(praise) for her honesty at that meeting.  2.These model cars　　　 (make)in China in 2013.  3.Everybody　　　 (move)deeply after they heard the story.  一般将来时的被动语态专练 1.A new road　　　(build)near my school next year.  2.Now it’s much easier to shop online.When your order is ready,the things you want to buy will　　　 (send)to you soon.  含有情态动词的被动语态专练 1.Children should　　　(educate)to be honest from a young age.  2.Teenagers should 　　　 to take care of themselves from a young age.  A.educate B.be educating C.have educated D.be educated 中考模拟训练 一．选择填空 1．（2024·福建莆田·一模）—How did the accident happen? —The driver ________ on the phone at that time. A．talked B．is talking C．was talking 2．（2024·福建福州·三模）So far, he ________ his hometown for nearly 10 years. A．left B．has left C．has been away from 3．（2024·福建莆田·一模）Why not let the girl try again? She will do it better if she ________ a second chance. A．is given B．will give C．gives 4．（2024·福建莆田·一模）For the past 20 years, the Touching China (感动中国) ________ people from all walks of life across the country. A．honored B．honors C．has honored 5．（2024·福建厦门·二模）The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs. A．write, showing B．writing; show C．writing; showing 6．（23-24八年级下·福建泉州·期末）—Mr. Smith, when shall I hand in my homework? —As soon as you ________ it. A．finish B．finished C．will finish 7．（2024·福建三明·三模）—Who is the one that knows AI best in your class? —Peter. He ________ the classes on it since he was six years old. A．takes B．took C．has taken 8．（2024·福建厦门·三模）The Shenzhou-17 astronauts ________ to Earth safely on April 30, 2024. A．returned B．will return C．have returned 9．（2024·福建厦门·二模）—What’s the noise, Tom? —Oh. Some children _________ in the yard. A．are playing B．play C．played 10．（2024·福建宁德·二模）—Dear, come over for dinner. —Oh, mom. I ________ it with my friend. I’m full now. A．am having B．have had C．will have 11．（2024·福建厦门·二模）—Hurry up! The deliveryman (送货员) just called me and said the food I ordered ________. —Take it easy. You can ask him to leave it outside the door. A．arrives B．arriving C．has arrived 12．（2024·福建厦门·二模）—I saw your light was still on at 11:30 last night. —Oh, I ________ for my math test. A．prepared B．am preparing C．was preparing 13．（2024·福建福州·三模）—Our school ________ all kinds of after-school services for students since 2021. —That sounds great! A．provides B．is providing C．has provided 14．（2024·福建泉州·三模）—Richard, it seems that you have known a lot about Fujian. —Of course. I ________ in Fujian for ten years. A．stayed B．will stay C．have stayed 15．（2024·福建泉州·三模）—The car can not start. What can I do? —Don’t worry. Tom and I ________ it a push. A．give B．gave C．will give 16．（2024·福建莆田·一模）My flight to Beijing ________ just now because of the bad weather. A．cancelled B．was cancelled C．will be cancelled 17．（2024·福建福州·三模）—We must spend more time on the arts from now on. —Certainly. We ________ in the coming music and art exam. A．are test B．will test C．will be tested 18．（2024·福建厦门·二模）It’s said that more libraries __________ soon. A．are built B．have been built C．will be built 19．（2024·福建三明·三模）—It’s reported that the 9th Asian Winter Games ________ in Harbin in 2025. —What exciting news! A．was held B．is held C．will be held 20．（2024·福建厦门·三模）—A beach volleyball match ________ in Xiamen yesterday. Did you watch it? —Yeah! It was very exciting. A．is held B．was held C．held 二．语法填空 1．（2025·上海黄浦·一模）My parents me to stay calm in stressful situations and to think before acting. （advice） 2．（2025·上海宝山·一模）Emily worked hard for years and finally in achieving her dream of becoming an actress. (success) 3．（2024·江苏南京·三模）—Tom, hurry up! The traffic will be busy soon and we may be late for dinner. —Wait a minute, Mum. I (tidy) my bookshelf, and I’ll be ready in a minute. 4．（2024·江苏南京·二模）The story (be) popular with children in China for many years. 5．（23-24八年级上·甘肃白银·期中）His parents hope he can follow his heart when he (choose) his job. 6．（2024·甘肃酒泉·三模）He (chat) with his friends through WeChat when he was free. 7．（2024·甘肃酒泉·三模）Sometimes they strongly (agree) with each other, so they need to communicate more often. 8．（2024·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·二模）—When shall we go shopping? —As soon as my online meeting . (end) 9．（2024·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·二模）The book you’ve just to me is really interesting. I really enjoy it. (lend) 10．（2024·甘肃兰州·二模）Many parents think going to school must be put first, so teenagers shouldn’t be (encourage) to work part-time. 11．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）What I think is that more and more people (buy) electric cars sooner or later. 12．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）—What will you do for the summer vacation? —Pardon? I’m sorry. I (think) about something else. 13．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）Mom the kitchen every morning. (clean) 14．（2024·甘肃武威·三模）Nowadays, this book (sell) well. 15．（2024·西藏日喀则·二模）He was fifty-six. In two years, he (be) fifty-eight. 16．（2024·西藏日喀则·二模）—Mike, why do you come here so late? The concert (finish) since half an hour ago. —What a pity! No wonder all the singers have left. 17．（2024·西藏日喀则·二模）How time flies! I (enter) a senior high school this September. 18．（2024·西藏日喀则·二模）At this time yesterday, I (prepare) for a science exam here. 19．（2024·辽宁辽阳·二模）If I (not be) busy tomorrow , I will go hiking with you . 20．（2024·甘肃陇南·三模）I haven’t (see) the film before. 21．（2024·甘肃陇南·三模）You won’t succeed unless you (work) hard. 22．（2024·江苏淮安·二模）—Nick, what were you doing at this time last night? —I (play) chess with my grandfather. 23．（2024·甘肃临夏·二模）I (clean) my room when Jim came to visit me. 24．（2024·甘肃陇南·二模）My friend Lucy often (get) lost in new places. 25．（2024·江苏扬州·三模）He aside his book and walked straight to the door. (lay) 26．（2024·江苏南京·三模）It was she that stole the box. Look, she was (lie) to everyone! 27．（2024·内蒙古包头·二模）—What the headmaster said at the graduation have in many students’ minds. (stick) —I agree. It was very inspiring. 28．（2024·江苏南京·二模）Xiao Ming is crazy about basketball, so lots of photos of the stars are (hang) on the wall in his bedroom. 29．（2024·内蒙古包头·二模）On May 9, the Olympic torch for the Paris 2024 Games was lit. The torch relay its journey to Paris. (begin) 30．（2024·内蒙古乌兰察布·二模）Since the day we met, we have each other for ten years. (know) 31．（2024·江苏南京·三模）All the tourists were deeply (impress) by the great beauty of the view from the top of the mountain. 32．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）Should any one of us (offer) any information about when and where to meet him last Sunday? 33．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Nowadays, some best research reports on physics, biology, and maths (write) in English. 34．（2024·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·二模）Too much water is in our home every day. Do you have any ideas on how to save it? (waste) 35．（2024·甘肃平凉·三模）When I was young, we (teach) to treat older people with respect. 36．（2024·辽宁辽阳·二模）Children (not allow) to go out alone on school nights. 37．（2024·甘肃武威·三模）This famous scientist (invite) to our school to give a speech next week. 38．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）The Chinese poem, Love Seeds, was by poet Wang Wei. (write) 39．（2024·江苏南京·二模）The artists are (encourage) to tell good Chinese stories in their favorite art forms. 40．（2024·甘肃陇南·二模）The artists are (allow) to tell good Chinese stories in their favorite art forms. 41．（2024·甘肃兰州·三模）It’s (say) that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. 42．（2024·甘肃兰州·三模）Peter was (invite) to the party, but he didn’t show up. 43．（2024·甘肃临夏·二模）It’s said that paper cutting (invent) for the first time about 1, 500 years ago. 44．（2024·江苏扬州·三模）Texts appeared on animal bones and bamboo before they were on paper. (write) 45．（2024·内蒙古包头·二模）The Spring Festival, one of the traditional Chinese Festivals, was officially as a United Nations holiday in December, 2023. (list) 46．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）Luckily, the injured (受伤的) people (send) to the hospital in time. 47．（2024·江苏南京·二模）It was said that twice-cooked pork (create) by a Chinese poet called Su Dongpo in the Song Dynasty. 48．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）Things can be better if more work (do) for the situation now. 49．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）It’s said that a new bridge across Lihu Lake (build) in three years. 50．（2024·江苏南京·一模）We’re going to hold a party to welcome the new exchange students on Friday afternoon and Lin Ling and Wu Peng are (choose) to be the hosts. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题4.动词时态和语态讲练 复习动词时态复习，使学生掌握初中所学的七大时态的用法，构成。以及在实际语境中，书面表达中的运用。 考题主要在单项选择，语法填空中出现。当然书面表达中准确运用时态也会影响学生得分。动词的时态历来是中考题中考查的重头戏之一。测试重点放在根据特定语言环境区别使用一般现在时，一般过去时和现在完成时；一般现在时(过去时)与现在(过去)进行时；特定的时间状语中时态的使用；结合所获得的语言知识确定正确时态的能力等。综上所述，动词的时态在中考测试中的地位非常重要。因而考生在复习备考中必须对本专题引起足够的重视。 动词时态 考点一 一般现在时 定义：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态。 构成：do,does/be(am,is,are)——动词变三单 past now future 基本句型: 句型： do does(三单) am,is,are 陈述句 I drink water every morning. She drinks water every morning. She is late for school. 否定句 I don’t drink water every morning. She doesn’t drink water every morning. She is not late for school. 疑问句 Do you drink water every morning? Yes, I do./No,I don’t. Does she drink water every morning? Yes,she does./No,she doesn’t. Is she late for school? Yes,she is./No,she isn’t. 时间标志：一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays. 一般现在时的用法 ①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与often,always,usually,sometimes,once a week,every day等表示频度的副词或时间状语连用。如: I often go to school by bike.我经常骑自行车去上学。 ②表示客观事实或普遍真理。如: The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 ③在某些以here,there开头的句子中,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。如: There goes the bell.铃响了。 2.动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则 形式 构成 例词 第三人称 单数形式 在动词原形后加-s runs,likes 以ch,sh,ss,o,x结尾的动词,在词尾加-es teach—teaches wash—washes pass—passes go—goes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变i再加-es study—studies try—tries 以元音字母加y结尾的动词,在词尾加-s stay—stays play—plays 5.用一般现在时表示将来的情况 ①表示按规定或时间表预计将发生的动作。如: We’re going to Changchun.Our plane takes off at 8:10.我们打算去长春。我们的飞机8:10起飞。 ②当主句为一般将来时态时,在if,as soon as,until,when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如: If it doesn’t rain this afternoon,we’ll have a football match.如果今天下午不下雨,我们将进行一场足球比赛。 专项训练 一．写出下列单词的单数第三人称形式 catch catches go goes buy buys cost costs carry carries break breaks lie lies make makes miss misses rush rushes 二．语法填空 1.Don’t worry. Bill will help you look after your dog when you 　　　(be) away on business.  答案　are　句意:别担心。在你出差的时候,Bill会帮你照顾你的狗。本题考查状语从句的时态。在含时间状语从句的复合句中,当主句时态为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 2.Grace　　　 (win)this game every time we play.  答案　wins　句意:每次我们玩这个游戏Grace都赢。本题考查动词的时态。根据题干中的every time we play可知此空用一般现在时,主语Grace是第三人称单数,因此谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式。 考点二 一般过去时 定义： 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。 构成：did/be(was,were)——动词变过去式 基本句型: 句型： did was,were 陈述句 I saw him yesterday. She was a student. 否定句 I didn’t see him yesterday. She wasn’t a student. 疑问句 Did you see him yesterday? Yes, I did./No,I didn’t. Was she a student? Yes,she was./No,she wasn’t. 时间标志：yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等。 一般过去时的用法 ①表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如: I got up at six this morning.今天早上我六点起的床。 We visited the factory last week.上周我们参观了那个工厂。 ②表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如: When I was in the countryside,I often swam in the river.当我在乡下时,我常常在河里游泳。 专项训练 1.Miss Zhang 　　　(订购)a dress online two weeks ago, but it hasn􀆳t arrived yet.  答案　ordered 　句意:张小姐两周前在网上订购了一件连衣裙,但是它还没有到货。根据two weeks ago可知,应用动词过去式,故填ordered。 2.England started colonies(殖民地)later. After a few fights, they　　　(take)control of the land.  答案　took　句意:经过几次战斗,他们控制了这块土地。根据语境可知需用动词过去式。take的过去式为took。 3.—How come you are late again? —I　　　because my alarm clock didn’t go off.(oversleep)  答案　overslept　根据句意“因为闹钟没响而睡过头”可知用一般过去时。 4.When I 　　　(arrive) at the hotel, it was midnight.  答案　arrived　句意:当我到达那家宾馆时,是午夜了。本题考查动词的时态。由it was midnight可知描述的是过去的事情,故此处应填动词arrive的过去式arrived。 5.—There is someone knocking at the door. —It must be the computer repairman. I 　　　(call)him to come to fix my computer.  答案　called　句意:——有人在敲门。——一定是修电脑的。我刚才给他打电话,让他来修我的电脑。本题考查动词的时态。根据句意可知应使用一般过去时,表示过去发生的事情。 考点三 一般将来时 定义：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 构成：will+do/be(am,is,are) going to do 基本句型: 句型： will do be(am,is,are) going to do 陈述句 I’ll go to the zoo tomorrow. I am going to the zoo tomorrow. 否定句 I won’t go to the zoo tomorrow. I am not going to the zoo tomorrow. 疑问句 Will you go to the zoo tomorrow? Yes, I will./No,I won’t. Are you going to the zoo tomorrow? Yes,I am./No,I am not. 时间标志：一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow等。 一般将来时的用法 1.当主语是I或we时,疑问句中一般使用shall,表示征求对方意见。如: Where shall we meet tomorrow?明天我们在哪里见面? 2.“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事,还可表示已决定的、很可能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如: What are you going to do next Sunday?下周日你打算干什么? Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.看那些乌云,暴风雨就要来临了。(客观迹象) 注意:在下面几种情况下只可用shall(will)表示将来,而不可用be going to。 ①表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气地邀请或命令时。如: Will you please lend me your bike?请你把自行车借给我用一下好吗? ②表示意愿时。如: We will help him if he asks us.如果他要我们帮忙,我们愿意帮助他。 ③表示单纯的将来,与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。如: The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow morning.明天早上太阳将在6:30升起。 3.be doing表示将来 常用于这种结构的动词有go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等,表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。如: We are leaving for London.我们就要动身去伦敦了。 She is going there tomorrow.她明天要去那里。 4.“be about to+动词原形”和“be to+动词原形”结构表示即将发生的动作。如: She is about to travel by plane.她即将坐飞机去旅行。 专项训练 1.I　　　(send)you some photos of Edinburgh Castle next time.  答案　will send/am going to send　句意:下一次我会寄给你一些Edinburgh Castle的照片。关键词next time提示应用一般将来时。 2.Next year, they 　　　　　　(make) a CD of their songs and start a charity.   答案　will make/are going to make 　根据 Next year 可知是明年的计划,所以使用一般将来时。主语是they,故答案是will make/are going to make。 3.But surely, people believe, his dream 　　　　　　(come) true in the near future.  答案　will come　本题考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in the near future可知用一般将来时。 考点四 现在进行时 定义：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (am is are ) +doing——动词变现在分词 句型： be (am is are ) +doing 陈述句 He is washing the dishes now. 否定句 He is not washing the dishes now. 疑问句 Is he washing the dishes now? Yes, he is./No,he isn’t. 时间标志：现在进行时的时间状语有:now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等。 如：What are you doing now?(你现在在干什么？) I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说) 现在进行时的用法 ①表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如: —What are you doing?——你在做什么? —I am reading English.——我在读英语。 ②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。如: They are studying hard this term.他们这学期学习一直很努力。 ③go,leave,arrive,start等动词用现在进行时表示将来。如: I am going to Beijing this Sunday.本周日我打算去北京。 ④当时间状语为now,these days等或当句子中含有look,listen,can you see,can’t you see之类的暗示词时,要用现在进行时。但应注意下列这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中。 a.与感官相关的动词,如see,hear等。 b.表示喜欢或厌恶的动词,如like,love等。 c.表示希望的动词,如want,would like等。 d.表示状态的动词,如be等。 e.表示归属的动词,如have等。 f.表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词,如know,forget等。 2.动词现在分词的变化规则 形式 构成 例词 现在分词 在动词原形后加-ing read—reading 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing live—living write—writing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ing sit—sitting begin—beginning 少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ing die—dying lie—lying tie—tying 专项训练 1.Research company Nielsen found that in the UK, sales of e-books are f　　　 while sales of paper books are rising.  答案　falling　此处表示“电子书的销售量正在下降”。be+doing为现在进行时。 2.Look! The boys are k　　　(踢) the ball around in the yard.  答案　kicking　根据提示可知要填动词。因为有“Look!” 故用现在进行时;are 后面用动词的现在分词形式。 3.Please don’t make so much noise. The baby　　　(sleep)now.  答案　is sleeping　句意:请不要这么吵闹。婴儿正在睡觉。本题考查时态。根据时间状语now,可知用现在进行时。 4.—Mum,where is Dad? —He　　　 (plant)flowers in the garden now.  答案　is planting　本题考查动词的时态。根据答语中的时间状语now,以及问句中“爸爸在哪儿”可知,要用现在进行时。 考点五 过去进行时 定义：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (was，were ) +doing——动词变现在分词 基本句型: 句型： be (was,were) +doing 陈述句 He was washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 否定句 He was not washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 疑问句 Was he washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday? Yes, he was./No,he wasn’t. 时间标志：过去进行时的时间状语有：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。 过去进行时的用法 1.表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then,at that time,this time yesterday,at ten yesterday等连用。如: —What were you doing at nine last night?——昨天晚上九点你正在干什么? —I was watching TV at that time.——那时我正在看电视。 2.注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用: ①主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,主句用过去进行时(从句用一般过去时)。 ②从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,从句用过去进行时(主句用一般过去时)。 ③若主、从句动作开始的时间不存在先后关系(即同时发生)或无所谓先后时,主从句可同时使用过去进行时,此时的时间状语从句一般由while来引导。 3.一般过去时和过去进行时的区别 一般来说,如果强调过去某个时候或某段时间曾有过某个(已完成的)动作时应用一般过去时;而如果强调动作在过去某个时候或某段时间内正在进行(是否完成不明确)时则应用过去进行时。 专项训练 1.My mother　　　(cook)dinner when I got home yesterday.  答案　was cooking　句意:昨天我到家的时候,妈妈正在做饭。本题考查动词的时态。从句when I got home yesterday为过去时,所以主句应用过去进行时。 2.I saw Jeff in the park.He　　　 (sit)on the grass and reading a book.  答案　was sitting　句意:我在公园里看到了Jeff。他正坐在草地上读书。本题考查动词的时态。根据前句的时态可知本空应用过去的某种时态,再根据and reading可知此空应用过去进行时。 3.—Why did the car hit the boy? —Because the driver 　　　 (talk)on the phone at that time.  答案　was talking　句意:——为什么这辆车撞到这个男孩了?——因为司机那个时候正在打电话。本题考查动词时态。根据句意和关键词at that time可知,设空处应使用过去进行时。 考点六 现在完成时 定义：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 构成：have (has)+done——动词变过去分词 基本句型: past now future 句型： have done has done 陈述句 I have seen that film before. She has seen that film before. 否定句 I haven’t seen that film before She hasn’t seen that film before. 疑问句 Have you (ever) seen that film before? Yes, I have./No,I haven’t. Has she (ever) seen that film before? Yes, she has./No,she hasn’t. 时间标志：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。 现在完成时的用法 ①表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如: —Have you had your lunch yet?——你吃过午饭了吗? —Yes,I have.I’ve just had it.——是的,我刚吃过。(说明现在饱了。) I have lost my pen.我把钢笔弄丢了。(过去某个时间丢的,现在还没有找到。) I have already watched the TV play.我已经看过这部电视剧了。 —Have you found your lost pen yet?——你找到丢失的钢笔了吗? —No.I haven’t found it yet.——没有,我还没有找到。 注意:already,yet常和现在完成时连用。already用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末表示惊讶。yet用在疑问句和否定句中。 ②表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和for+时间段或since+时间点连用,表示持续的动作或状态,多为延续性动词。如: We have lived here since 2000.自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里。(说明一直住在这里,也许还会住下去。) 2.几个副词在现在完成时中的用法 ①just 意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。如: He has just come back from Beijing.他刚从北京回来。 ②ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。如: Have you ever been to Shanghai?你去过上海吗? ③never意为“从来没有”,常与before 连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。如: I have never traveled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。 ④since+时间点/for+时间段。如: I have been in Beijing for two years.我在北京两年了。 3.延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法 ①现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。如:我离开这所学校已八年了。 误:I’ve left this school for eight years. 正:I’ve been away from this school for eight years.他借用我的词典已两天了。 误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days. 正:He has kept my dictionary for two days. 不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。如: I haven’t gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。 ②非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法: a.将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep open be open close be closed begin/start be on come be here finish be over die be dead put on wear wake up be awake fall asleep be asleep join be in leave be away b.将时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。 c.用句型“It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”表示。如: It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。 4.动词的过去式与过去分词 ①规则变化 形式 构成 例词 过去式与 过去分词 (规则变化) 在动词原形后加-ed work—worked 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed carry—carried study—studied 以e结尾的动词,直接加-d live—lived 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母后再加-ed stop—stopped plan—planned 专项训练 1.She looked at me and said,“Oh, thank you very much, but someone 　　　(give) me food earlier and I’m quite full now.  答案　has given　根据后面一句提到“我现在很饱了”可知,已经有人给过她食物了,所以用现在完成时,故填has given。 2.You might be surprised to hear that the number of people sleeping rough(露宿)in London has doubled in the last five years and has i　　　 by 30% across the rest of the country during the last two years.  答案　increased 　句意:听到这些你可能会吃惊。在过去的五年中,伦敦露宿街头的人的数量已经翻倍,而近两年,英国其他地方的数量增长了30%。根据句意及首字母可知填increased。注意要用过去分词和has构成现在完成时。 3.She 　　　(study) English in the school since she left her hometown.  答案　has studied　句意:她自从离开家乡就在这所学校学习英语。时态为现在完成时。 4.My mother　　　(be)a good example for me since I was young.  答案　has been　句意:我妈妈从我小的时候就给我树立了好的榜样。本题考查动词时态。由题干中的since I was young可知主句应用现在完成时,结构为have/has done。 5.It’s nice to see you again. We　　　(see)each other since 2014.  答案　haven’t seen　句意:再次见到你很高兴。自从2014年我们就没见到过。本题考查时态。通过时间状语since 2014可知,应该是现在完成时。 被动语态 考点一 被动语态定义 1. 被动语态定义：主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。 主动语态改写为被动语态： 主动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语(人/物) + 其他 + 状语 (动作的执行者) (各种时态形式) (动作的承受者) 被动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + by +人 / 物 + 其他 + 状语 (动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者) 主动语态： I play basketball. 被动语态：Basketball is played by me. 考点二 被动语态构成 英语中被动语态由“助动词be +动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。具体结构见下表： 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 ①be ② do/does be(am,is,are)+done 一般过去时 ①was/were ②did be(was,were)+done 一般将来时 will + do be(am,is,are) going to + do will be done be(am is are) going to be done 过去将来时 would+do be(was,were) going to+do would be done be(was,were) going to be done 现在完成时 have/has + done have(has) been done 过去完成时 had + done had been done 现在进行时 be(am,is,are) + doing be(am,is,are)+being done 过去进行时 be(was,were) +doing be(was,were)+being done 情态动词 情态动词 + do 情态动词 + be + done 不定时 to do to be done 考点三.被动语态的用法 1.被动语态主要用于下列几种情况: (1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:This watch was made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。 (2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如:More trees must be planted every year.每年都应该种更多的树。 (3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如: Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的使用广泛) 2.不用被动语态的情况 (1)主动句中的宾语是each other或反身代词时,不能用被动语态。如: They help each other study English.他们互相帮助学习英语。 (2)当主动句的谓语动词是表示状态的及物动词时,不能用于被动语态。如: She has dark hair and brown eyes.她一头黑发,眼睛是棕色的。 (3)主动句中的宾语是不定式或动名词时,不能用于被动语态。如: My brother enjoys watching TV.我弟弟喜欢看电视。 He asked to have a try.他请求试一试。 考点四.　主动语态和被动语态的转换 1.主动语态变为被动语态 (1)要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。 (2)把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格代词变成宾格代词,并由by引出。 (3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 如:We asked him to sing an English song.(变为被动语态)→He was asked to sing an English song by us. 2.“S+V+Oi+Od”结构变为被动语态 谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如: She gave me a book.(变为被动语态)→I was given a book by her. A book was given to me by her. 3.短语动词变为被动语态 许多由不及物动词和介词、副词等构成的短语动词相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。但是短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。如: The old should be politely spoken to.(to不可省略) 4.“S+V+O+Oc”结构变为被动语态 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。如: I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)→Jane was heard playing the piano in her room. 5.不带to的不定式作宾补变为被动语态时,应加上不定式符号to He makes the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态)→The girl is made to stay at home by him. 考点五. 易混易错点 被动语态和系表结构的区别 (1)被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者,而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如: The shop was closed by the police.(动作)这个商店被警察查封了。 The shop is closed today.(状态)这个商店今天不营业。 (2)系表结构中的-ed形式的形容词常有固定的介词搭配,被动语态结构中常由by引出动作的执行者。如: Miss Wang is satisfied with us.(系表结构)王老师对我们很满意。 (3)系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时,而被动语态结构则可用于多种时态。 (4)系表结构可以用very,so,quite,too,rather等词修饰,而被动语态可以用greatly,widely等词修饰。 I was not so satisfied with what you said.我对你说的不是很满意。 I was greatly moved by this moving story.我被这个感人的故事深深感动了。 (5)谓语动词带有时间、地点或方式状语时,多半是被动语态。 The window was broken yesterday.这个窗户是昨天被打破的。 (6)被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成,而系表结构除了用be之外,还可以用其他连系动词。 He became interested in English.他开始对英语感兴趣了。 考点六.拓展 1.表示“据说、据报道”等时,也用被动语态。 It’s said that he is going abroad with his parents.据说他要随他的父母去国外。 It’s reported that many people have been lost in the earthquake.据报道,地震已造成许多人失踪。 2.祈使句变为被动句时,用“Let+宾语+be+过去分词”句式;否定祈使句变为被动句时,用“Don’t let+宾语+be+过去分词”句式。 Keep the book on the desk.→Let the book be kept on the desk. Don’t put the knife here.→Don’t let the knife be put here. 3.在口语和非正式文体中,“get+过去分词”短语也常用于表示被动意义。 Watch out for the fire, or you’ll get burnt.当心火,否则你会被烧伤的。 一般现在时的被动语态专练 1.It’s also 　　　(call)the Double Ninth Festival.  答案　called　它又被称作重阳节。根据语义可知本句应为被动语态,应用过去分词called。 2.—How clean your car is! —Thank you.It　　　 (wash)very often.  答案　is washed　句意:——你的汽车多干净啊!——谢谢你。它常常被清洗。考查被动语态。It指汽车,动词wash和It之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,由very often可知应用一般现在时。 3.When you　　　 (give)a difficult task,try to continue with it and finish it.  答案　are given　句意:当给你一项困难的任务时,要尽力继续做并且完成它。由句意可知主语you为动作give的承受者,又根据主句为祈使句,可知从句应用一般现在时的被动语态。 一般过去时的被动语态专练 1.Emily is glad that she 　　　(praise) for her honesty at that meeting.  答案　was praised　句意:Emily很高兴,在那次会议上她因为她的诚实受到了表扬。本题考查被动语态。she 和praise之间是被动关系。由at that meeting可知,从句应用一般过去时,故使用一般过去时的被动语态。 2.These model cars　　　 (make)in China in 2013.  答案　were made　本题考查动词的被动语态。根据时间状语in 2013可知,此处应用一般过去时;model cars 应是“被制作”,故用被动语态。 3.Everybody　　　 (move)deeply after they heard the story.  答案　was moved　句意:每个人听了这个故事之后都被深深地感动了。本题考查动词的被动语态。由heard可知本空应用一般过去时。everybody和move之间是被动关系,所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。 一般将来时的被动语态专练 1.A new road　　　(build)near my school next year.  答案　will be built　句意:在我的学校附近有一条新路明年将被建成。本题考查被动语态和时态。句子主语为A new road,它与build之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,时间状语为next year,所以用一般将来时的被动语态。 2.Now it’s much easier to shop online.When your order is ready,the things you want to buy will　　　 (send)to you soon.  答案　be sent　句意:现在网上购物容易多了。在你下单后,你想买的东西很快就会邮寄给你。本题考查一般将来时的被动语态。things和send之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;when引导的时间状语从句是一般现在时,主句要用一般将来时。 含有情态动词的被动语态专练 1.Children should　　　(educate)to be honest from a young age.  答案　be educated　句意:孩子应该从小被教育要诚实。本题考查动词的被动语态。children和educate之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;又因设空处前有情态动词,故应用含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+动词过去分词。 2.Teenagers should 　　　 to take care of themselves from a young age.  A.educate B.be educating C.have educated D.be educated 答案　D　句意:青少年应该从小时候就被教导自己照顾自己。本题考查被动语态。由于本句中主语与谓语构成被 中考模拟训练 一．选择填空 1．（2024·福建莆田·一模）—How did the accident happen? —The driver ________ on the phone at that time. A．talked B．is talking C．was talking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——事故是怎么发生的？——当时司机正在打电话。 考查时态。根据“at that time”可知，表示过去某个时间正在做某事，用过去进行时态。故选C。 2．（2024·福建福州·三模）So far, he ________ his hometown for nearly 10 years. A．left B．has left C．has been away from 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到目前为止，他已经离开家乡将近10年了。 考查现在完成时。根据“So far,”可知，本句是现在完成时(have/has done)，可排除A选项；再根据“for nearly 10 years”可知，句中谓语动词要用延续性动词或者表示状态的词。leave是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用，因此需要用表示状态的词“be away from”。故选C。 3．（2024·福建莆田·一模）Why not let the girl try again? She will do it better if she ________ a second chance. A．is given B．will give C．gives 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为什么不让那女孩再试一次呢？如果再给她一次机会，她会做得更好。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。is given一般现在时的被动语态；will give一般将来时；gives一般现在时第三人称单数。主语she与动词give之间存在着被动关系，而主句又是一般将来时，if引导的条件状语从句应该用一般现在时，故本题为一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。 4．（2024·福建莆田·一模）For the past 20 years, the Touching China (感动中国) ________ people from all walks of life across the country. A．honored B．honors C．has honored 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的20年里，感动中国表彰了全国各行各业的人们。 考查时态。根据“for the past 20 years”可知，句子的时态为现在完成时，现在完成时的结构为have/has+动词的过去分词。故选C。 5．（2024·福建厦门·二模）The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs. A．write, showing B．writing; show C．writing; showing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师们过去常常在黑板上写关键点，但现在他们习惯于通过PPT展示。 考查used to及非谓语动词。used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”，固定词组；get used to doing sth.“习惯于做某事”，固定词组。故选A。 6．（23-24八年级下·福建泉州·期末）—Mr. Smith, when shall I hand in my homework? —As soon as you ________ it. A．finish B．finished C．will finish 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——史密斯先生，我什么时候交作业？——你一做完它，就交上来。 考查时态。finish完成，as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故选A。 7．（2024·福建三明·三模）—Who is the one that knows AI best in your class? —Peter. He ________ the classes on it since he was six years old. A．takes B．took C．has taken 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你班上谁最了解人工智能？——彼得。他从六岁起就开始上这门课。 考查时态。根据“since he was six years old”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 8．（2024·福建厦门·三模）The Shenzhou-17 astronauts ________ to Earth safely on April 30, 2024. A．returned B．will return C．have returned 【答案】A 【详解】句意：2024年4月30日，神舟17号宇航员安全返回地球。 考查动词时态。returned返回，一般过去时；will return返回，一般将来时；have returned已经返回，现在完成时。根据“on April 30, 2024”可知，本句描述的是发生过的事情，因此用一般过去时。故选A。 9．（2024·福建厦门·二模）—What’s the noise, Tom? —Oh. Some children _________ in the yard. A．are playing B．play C．played 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——汤姆，什么声音？——哦。一些孩子在院子里玩。 考查时态。根据“What’s the noise”可知那些孩子正在院子里玩，用现在进行时am/is/are doing。故选A。 10．（2024·福建宁德·二模）—Dear, come over for dinner. —Oh, mom. I ________ it with my friend. I’m full now. A．am having B．have had C．will have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——亲爱的，过来吃饭吧。——哦，妈妈。我和我的朋友一起吃过饭了。我现在吃饱了。 考查现在完成时。am having为现在进行时；have had为现在完成时；will have为一般将来时。根据“I’m full now.”可知，此处指“我”现在很饱，因为“我”已经和朋友吃过饭了，表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”，应填have had。故选B。 11．（2024·福建厦门·二模）—Hurry up! The deliveryman (送货员) just called me and said the food I ordered ________. —Take it easy. You can ask him to leave it outside the door. A．arrives B．arriving C．has arrived 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——快点！送货员刚刚打电话给我，说我点的食物已经到了。——别紧张。你可以让他把它放在门外。 考查动词时态。根据“Hurry up!”可知，此处表示过去的动作对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时。故选C。 12．（2024·福建厦门·二模）—I saw your light was still on at 11:30 last night. —Oh, I ________ for my math test. A．prepared B．am preparing C．was preparing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我昨晚11点半看到你的灯还亮着。——哦，我在准备数学考试。 考查时态。根据“at 11:30 last night.”可知昨天晚上11点半正在准备数学考试，用过去进行时was/were doing。故选C。 13．（2024·福建福州·三模）—Our school ________ all kinds of after-school services for students since 2021. —That sounds great! A．provides B．is providing C．has provided 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我校从2021年开始为学生提供各种课外服务。——听起来不错！ 考查动词时态。根据“since 2021”可知，本句是现在完成时，结构为have/has done，故选C。 14．（2024·福建泉州·三模）—Richard, it seems that you have known a lot about Fujian. —Of course. I ________ in Fujian for ten years. A．stayed B．will stay C．have stayed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——理查德，你好像对福建了解很多。——当然。我在福建呆了十年了。 考查现在完成时的用法。根据时间状语“for ten years”可判断，本句时态为现在完成时。故选C。 15．（2024·福建泉州·三模）—The car can not start. What can I do? —Don’t worry. Tom and I ________ it a push. A．give B．gave C．will give 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——汽车发动不起来了。我能做什么？——别担心。汤姆和我去推一把。 考查动词时态。根据“Don’t worry. Tom and I... it a push”可知，是安慰对方，表示打算推一把，事情还未发生，所以用一般将来时（will do），故选C。 16．（2024·福建莆田·一模）My flight to Beijing ________ just now because of the bad weather. A．cancelled B．was cancelled C．will be cancelled 【答案】B 【详解】句意：因为天气不好，我去北京的航班取消了。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语“just now”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，主语My flight与谓语动词之间是被动关系，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语动词构成是was/were done，主语是My flight，be动词用was，cancel的过去分词形式为cancelled。故选B。 17．（2024·福建福州·三模）—We must spend more time on the arts from now on. —Certainly. We ________ in the coming music and art exam. A．are test B．will test C．will be tested 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们必须从现在开始花更多的时间在艺术上。——当然。我们将在即将到来的音乐和艺术考试中接受测试。 考查被动语态。根据题干可知，主语“We”和动词“test”之间是被动关系，结合“from now on”和答语可知，句子描述的是将来的事情，因此使用一般将来时的被动语态“will be done”。故选C。 18．（2024·福建厦门·二模）It’s said that more libraries __________ soon. A．are built B．have been built C．will be built 【答案】C 【详解】句意：据说不久将建更多的图书馆。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“soon”可知，句子时态是一般将来时；主语与谓语是被动关系，故选C。 19．（2024·福建三明·三模）—It’s reported that the 9th Asian Winter Games ________ in Harbin in 2025. —What exciting news! A．was held B．is held C．will be held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——据悉，第九届亚洲冬季运动会将于2025年在哈尔滨举行。——多么令人兴奋的消息！ 考查动词时态和语态。根据“in 2025”可知，本句是一般将来时；结合选项可知，需用一般将来时的被动语态(will be done)。故选C。 20．（2024·福建厦门·三模）—A beach volleyball match ________ in Xiamen yesterday. Did you watch it? —Yeah! It was very exciting. A．is held B．was held C．held 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——昨天厦门举行了一场沙滩排球赛。你看了吗？——是的！这非常令人兴奋。 考查时态及语态。根据“yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；分析句子结构可知，句子主语与谓语为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。故选B。 二．语法填空 1．（2025·上海黄浦·一模）My parents me to stay calm in stressful situations and to think before acting. （advice） 【答案】advise 【详解】句意：我的父母建议我在紧张的情况下保持冷静，在行动之前要好好思考。根据句意和提示词可知，空处缺少动词，本句时态是一般现在时，主语my parents，动词用原形，advice名词，建议；此处应用其动词“advise”。故填advise。 2．（2025·上海宝山·一模）Emily worked hard for years and finally in achieving her dream of becoming an actress. (success) 【答案】succeeded 【详解】句意：艾米丽努力了多年，终于成功实现了成为演员的梦想。根据“Emily worked hard for years and finally...in achieving her dream”可知此处and连接两个并列谓语，succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填succeeded。 3．（2024·江苏南京·三模）—Tom, hurry up! The traffic will be busy soon and we may be late for dinner. —Wait a minute, Mum. I (tidy) my bookshelf, and I’ll be ready in a minute. 【答案】am tidying 【详解】句意：——汤姆，快点儿！交通很快就会很繁忙，我们吃饭可能会迟到。——等一下，妈妈。我正在整理我的书架，一会儿就准备好。理解语境可知，此处是两个人对话时正在发生的事情，用现在进行时be doing。主语是I，助动词be用am。故填am tidying。 4．（2024·江苏南京·二模）The story (be) popular with children in China for many years. 【答案】has been 【详解】句意：这个故事在中国受到孩子们的欢迎已经有很多年了。根据“for many years”可知，本句是现在完成时，主语是三单，助动词用has。故填has been。 5．（23-24八年级上·甘肃白银·期中）His parents hope he can follow his heart when he (choose) his job. 【答案】chooses 【详解】句意：他的父母希望他在选择工作时能听从自己的意愿。根据“His parents hope he can follow his heart”可知句子用一般现在时，主语是he，谓语动词用单数chooses“选择”。故填chooses。 6．（2024·甘肃酒泉·三模）He (chat) with his friends through WeChat when he was free. 【答案】chatted 【详解】句意：他有空的时候，他通过微信与朋友聊天。根据“He…with his friends through WeChat when he was free.”可知，他有空的时候，他通过微信与朋友聊天；此句时态为一般过去时，He作主语，谓语动词应用动词的过去式；chat“聊天”，动词，其过去式为chatted。故填chatted。 7．（2024·甘肃酒泉·三模）Sometimes they strongly (agree) with each other, so they need to communicate more often. 【答案】disagree 【详解】句意：有时他们彼此意见相左，所以他们需要更频繁地沟通。根据“so they need to communicate more often”可知，空处应该表示意见不合，空处应用agree“同意”的否定形式disagree，disagree with sb“与某人意见不合”；根据sometimes可知，时态为一般现在时，主语they是复数形式，谓语动词用原形。故填disagree。 8．（2024·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·二模）—When shall we go shopping? —As soon as my online meeting . (end) 【答案】ends 【详解】句意：——我们什么时候去购物？——等我的在线会议一结束就去。此处是as soon as引导的时间状语从句，需满足“主将从现”原则，完整句子应为“We shall go shopping as soon as my online meeting...”，as soon as引导的从句部分应用一般现在时；从句的主语是“my online meeting”，动词用三单形式。故填ends。 9．（2024·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·二模）The book you’ve just to me is really interesting. I really enjoy it. (lend) 【答案】lent 【详解】句意：你刚刚借给我的那本书真有趣，我真的很喜欢。由“you’ve”可知用现在完成时，have+过去分词，lend的过去分词是lent，故填lent。 10．（2024·甘肃兰州·二模）Many parents think going to school must be put first, so teenagers shouldn’t be (encourage) to work part-time. 【答案】encouraged 【详解】句意：许多家长认为上学必须放在第一位，所以不应该鼓励青少年做兼职。be动词后加过去分词构成被动语态，be encouraged to do“被鼓励做某事”，故填encouraged。 11．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）What I think is that more and more people (buy) electric cars sooner or later. 【答案】will buy 【详解】句意：我认为迟早会有越来越多的人买电动汽车。buy“买”。根据“sooner or later”可知，句子为一般将来时，故此处应用“will+动词原形”的结构。故填will buy。 12．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）—What will you do for the summer vacation? —Pardon? I’m sorry. I (think) about something else. 【答案】was thinking 【详解】句意：——暑假你打算做什么？——能再重复一遍吗？我很抱歉。我在想别的事。think“想”。根据“Pardon? I’m sorry. I...about something else”可知，在对方问问题的时候，正好在想别的事，表示过去某个时刻正在做的事，应用过去进行时，即“was/were doing”的结构，由于主语为I，故be动词应用was。故填was thinking。 13．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）Mom the kitchen every morning. (clean) 【答案】cleans 【详解】句意：妈妈每天早上打扫厨房。根据“every morning.”可知，本句是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式。故填cleans。 14．（2024·甘肃武威·三模）Nowadays, this book (sell) well. 【答案】sells 【详解】句意：现在，这本书卖得很好。根据“this book”和“well”可知动词sell描述主语this book的特征时，应用主动表被动，根据“Nowadays”可知句子用一般现在时，主语为this book，谓语动词用三单形式。故填sells。 15．（2024·西藏日喀则·二模）He was fifty-six. In two years, he (be) fifty-eight. 【答案】would be 【详解】句意：他五十六岁。再过两年，他就58岁了。根据“He was fifty-six.”可知，本句是描述过去发生的事情，结合“In two years”可知，本句需用过去将来时，表示从过去某个时间看将要或将来发生的事，其结构为：would do。故填would be。 16．（2024·西藏日喀则·二模）—Mike, why do you come here so late? The concert (finish) since half an hour ago. —What a pity! No wonder all the singers have left. 【答案】has been over 【详解】句意：——迈克，你为什么来得这么晚？音乐会半小时前就结束了。——真遗憾！难怪所有的歌手都走了。finish“完成”，结合“since half an hour ago”可知，本句是现在完成时，谓语动词和一段时间连用，需要用对应的延续性动词be over，主语是三单，助动词用has。故填has been over。 17．（2024·西藏日喀则·二模）How time flies! I (enter) a senior high school this September. 【答案】will enter 【详解】句意：时间过得真快！今年九月我就要上高中了。根据“this September”并结合句意可知此句应用一般将来时，因此此空应用“will enter”。故填will enter。 18．（2024·西藏日喀则·二模）At this time yesterday, I (prepare) for a science exam here. 【答案】was preparing 【详解】句意：昨天的这个时候，我正在这里为科学考试做准备。根据时间状语“At this time yesterday”可知此句应用过去进行时“主语+was/were+动词的现在分词”，主语是“I”，因此be动词用“was”，动词变为现在分词“preparing”。故填was preparing。 19．（2024·辽宁辽阳·二模）If I (not be) busy tomorrow , I will go hiking with you . 【答案】am not 【详解】句意：如果明天我不忙，我将和你一起去远足。这是if引导的条件状语从句，遵从“主将从现”的原则，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。I是第一人称，否定形式是I am not。故填I am not。 20．（2024·甘肃陇南·三模）I haven’t (see) the film before. 【答案】seen 【详解】句意：我以前没看过这部电影。空前是助动词haven’t，空处应用see的过去分词seen，与haven’t构成现在完成时的谓语结构。故填seen。 21．（2024·甘肃陇南·三模）You won’t succeed unless you (work) hard. 【答案】work 【详解】句意：除非你努力工作，否则你不会成功。unless引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，从句主语为“you”，所以此处应用动词原形。故填work。 22．（2024·江苏淮安·二模）—Nick, what were you doing at this time last night? —I (play) chess with my grandfather. 【答案】was playing 【详解】句意：——尼克，你昨晚这个时候在干什么？——我正在和我的爷爷下棋。根据“Nick, what were you doing at this time last night?”可知，表示过去某个时间点正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时，其构成为“was/were doing”，由于主语I为第一人称单数，故be动词应用was。故填was playing。 23．（2024·甘肃临夏·二模）I (clean) my room when Jim came to visit me. 【答案】was cleaning 【详解】句意：吉姆来看我时，我正在打扫房间。由“I…my room when Jim came to visit me”可知，此处表示当吉姆进来时，我正在做什么，应用过去进行时，其结构为：was/were+动词ing，I是主语，be动词用was。故填was cleaning。 24．（2024·甘肃陇南·二模）My friend Lucy often (get) lost in new places. 【答案】gets 【详解】句意：我的朋友露西经常在新的地方迷路。结合“often”可知，句子用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用三单形式，故填gets。 25．（2024·江苏扬州·三模）He aside his book and walked straight to the door. (lay) 【答案】laid 【详解】句意：他放下书，径直向门口走去。根据“ walked”可知，谓语动词的时态是一般过去时，lay“放置”，其过去式为laid。故填laid。 26．（2024·江苏南京·三模）It was she that stole the box. Look, she was (lie) to everyone! 【答案】lying 【详解】句意：是她偷了那个盒子。听着，她对所有人都撒了谎！lie“撒谎”，动词，又结合“Look”及“she was…to everyone”可知，此处指她对所有人撒了谎，时态为过去进行时，其结构为“was doing”，应用其现在分词形式lying，意为“撒谎”。故填lying。 27．（2024·内蒙古包头·二模）—What the headmaster said at the graduation have in many students’ minds. (stick) —I agree. It was very inspiring. 【答案】stuck 【详解】句意：——校长在毕业典礼上所说的话铭刻在许多学生的心中了。——我同意。这是非常鼓舞人心的。根据“have”可知，此处时态为现在完成时，结构为have done，此处应使用动词过去分词。故填stuck。 28．（2024·江苏南京·二模）Xiao Ming is crazy about basketball, so lots of photos of the stars are (hang) on the wall in his bedroom. 【答案】hung 【详解】句意：小明非常喜欢篮球，所以他卧室的墙上挂着许多明星的照片。主语“lots of photos of the stars”与动词hang之间是被动关系，所以此处用被动语态be done的结构，空格前已有are，此空应填hang的过去分词hung，故填hung。 29．（2024·内蒙古包头·二模）On May 9, the Olympic torch for the Paris 2024 Games was lit. The torch relay its journey to Paris. (begin) 【答案】began 【详解】句意：5月9日，2024年巴黎奥运会的火炬被点燃。火炬接力开始了它的巴黎之旅。根据“On May 9, the Olympic torch for the Paris 2024 Games was lit.”可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，使用一般过去时，begin的过去式为began。故填began。 30．（2024·内蒙古乌兰察布·二模）Since the day we met, we have each other for ten years. (know) 【答案】known 【详解】句意：从我们相遇的那一天起，我们就认识了十年。根据“Since the day we met”可知句子用现在完成时，故此处用过去分词known。故填known。 31．（2024·江苏南京·三模）All the tourists were deeply (impress) by the great beauty of the view from the top of the mountain. 【答案】impressed 【详解】句意：山顶的美景给所有游客留下了深刻的印象。根据“All the tourists were deeply…(impress) by the great beauty of the view from the top of the mountain.”可知，此处为一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done，应用动词过去分词impressed表示。故填impressed。 32．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）Should any one of us (offer) any information about when and where to meet him last Sunday? 【答案】be offered 【详解】句意：关于上周六何时何地去见他，难道不应该给我们中任何一个人提供一些信息吗？主语“any one of us”和谓语动词“offer”是被动关系，此处为含有情态动词should的被动语态，其谓语动词结构为“should be done”，故此处应用be offered。故填be offered。 33．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Nowadays, some best research reports on physics, biology, and maths (write) in English. 【答案】are written 【详解】句意：现在，一些关于物理、生物和数学的最好的研究报告都是用英语写的。句子主语是“some best research reports”，是复数形式，与write之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。且句子描述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”。主语是复数形式，be动词用are，write的过去分词是written。故填are written。 34．（2024·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·二模）Too much water is in our home every day. Do you have any ideas on how to save it? (waste) 【答案】wasted 【详解】句意：我们家每天都浪费太多的水。你对如何节约用水有什么想法吗？主语water和动词waste“浪费”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据every day可知，时态是一般现在时，所以此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构是：am/is/are+动词过去分词，句中已有be动词is，所以空格处应填waste的过去分词wasted。故填wasted。 35．（2024·甘肃平凉·三模）When I was young, we (teach) to treat older people with respect. 【答案】were taught 【详解】句意：在我年幼时，我们被教导要尊重老年人。根据“When I was young”可知，此处时态为一般过去时；根据teach sb. to do sth.“教导某人做某事”，转换为被动语态是sb. be taught to do sth.“某人被教导做某事”，题干we与teach之间是被动关系，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语为we，应用were。故填were taught。 36．（2024·辽宁辽阳·二模）Children (not allow) to go out alone on school nights. 【答案】aren’t allowed 【详解】句意：孩子们不允许在上学的晚上独自外出。主语Children和allow之间是被动关系，表示不被允许，结构为be+done，讲述的是通常的情况时态为一般现在时，主语children是复数形式，be动词用are，否定形式为aren’t，allow的过去分词为allowed。故填aren’t allowed。 37．（2024·甘肃武威·三模）This famous scientist (invite) to our school to give a speech next week. 【答案】will be invited 【详解】句意：这位著名的科学家下周将被邀请到我们学校作演讲。根据“next week”可知时态为一般将来时；主语“This famous scientist”与动词invite存在被动关系，故应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为wil be done。故填will be invited。 38．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）The Chinese poem, Love Seeds, was by poet Wang Wei. (write) 【答案】written 【详解】句意：中国诗《相思》由诗人王维创作。根据所给单词及“The Chinese poem, Love Seeds”可知，两者之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，was已给出，故为一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were+done。write的过去分词为written。故填written。 39．（2024·江苏南京·二模）The artists are (encourage) to tell good Chinese stories in their favorite art forms. 【答案】encouraged 【详解】句意：鼓励艺术家们用自己喜欢的艺术形式讲好中国故事。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，句子主语与谓语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态be done。故填encouraged。 40．（2024·甘肃陇南·二模）The artists are (allow) to tell good Chinese stories in their favorite art forms. 【答案】allowed 【详解】句意：艺术家们被允许用他们最喜欢的艺术形式讲述好的中国故事。allow“允许”，动词，与主语The artists构成被动关系，所以用被动语态“be done”，动词用过去分词，故填allowed。 41．（2024·甘肃兰州·三模）It’s (say) that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. 【答案】said 【详解】句意：据说茶是在6世纪和7世纪被带到韩国和日本的。分析句子结构可知，it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正主语。it与said之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，该句中“is+过去分词”构成被动语态，say的过去分词为said。“it is said that+从句”表示“据说”。故填said。 42．（2024·甘肃兰州·三模）Peter was (invite) to the party, but he didn’t show up. 【答案】invited 【详解】句意：彼得被邀请参加聚会，但他没有出现。根据“Peter was...to the party, but he didn’t show up.”可知，彼得应该是被邀请去参加聚会，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”，空前已有was，空处应用invite的过去分词。故填invited。 43．（2024·甘肃临夏·二模）It’s said that paper cutting (invent) for the first time about 1, 500 years ago. 【答案】was invented 【详解】句意：据说剪纸最早是在1500年前发明的。主语“paper cutting”与动词“invent”是被动关系，空处用被动语态be done；由“about 1, 500 years ago”可知，时态是一般过去时，主语是三单，be动词用was，invent的过去分词是invented。故填was invented。 44．（2024·江苏扬州·三模）Texts appeared on animal bones and bamboo before they were on paper. (write) 【答案】written 【详解】句意：文字在写在纸上之前就出现在动物的骨头和竹子上。主语they指代前面的“Texts”，与谓语write之间是动宾关系，因此空处用过去分词written与were一起构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填written。 45．（2024·内蒙古包头·二模）The Spring Festival, one of the traditional Chinese Festivals, was officially as a United Nations holiday in December, 2023. (list) 【答案】listed 【详解】句意：春节是中国的传统节日之一，于2023年12月被正式列为联合国法定假日。由“as a United Nations holiday”及空格前的be动词可知是被列为法定假日，使用被动语态，即“be done”的形式。故填listed。 46．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）Luckily, the injured (受伤的) people (send) to the hospital in time. 【答案】were sent 【详解】句意：幸运的是，受伤的人被及时送到了医院。根据“the injured (受伤的) people…to the hospital in time”可知主语与send之间为被动关系，结构为“be+动词过去分词”；且时态为一般过去时，主语为the injured people。故填were sent。 47．（2024·江苏南京·二模）It was said that twice-cooked pork (create) by a Chinese poet called Su Dongpo in the Song Dynasty. 【答案】was created 【详解】句意：据说回锅肉是由中国宋代诗人苏东坡创造的。主语“twice-cooked pork”和谓语动词“create”是逻辑上的被动关系，故使用被动语态。被动语态是由be动词加动词的过去分词构成。由于此事发生在过去，be动词要使用过去式，主语为不可数名词，动词用单三形式，故填was created。 48．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）Things can be better if more work (do) for the situation now. 【答案】is done 【详解】句意：如果针对目前的情况做更多的工作，事情会变得更好。分析句子结构可知，空格处从句为if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主情从现”的原则。空格处谓语动词do与主语“more work”为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语“work”为不可数名词，结构用is done。故填is done。 49．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）It’s said that a new bridge across Lihu Lake (build) in three years. 【答案】will be built 【详解】句意：据说三年后将在蠡湖上建一座新桥。根据“in three years”可知，时态为一般将来时，主语Lihu Lake与build之间是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will be+动词过去分词，build的过去分词为built。故填will be built。 50．（2024·江苏南京·一模）We’re going to hold a party to welcome the new exchange students on Friday afternoon and Lin Ling and Wu Peng are (choose) to be the hosts. 【答案】chosen 【详解】句意：星期五下午，我们将举行一个晚会来欢迎新来的交换生，林玲和吴鹏被选为主持人。choose“选择”，动词，根据“Lin Ling and Wu Peng are...to be the hosts.”可知，此处使用动词过去分词，与are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填chosen。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$