专题3.连词、主谓一致讲练-2025年福建省中考英语讲义

专题3.连词、主谓一致讲练 一．连词 连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与句子，在句子中不能单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，如and, but, or, for, so 等；从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)，引出名词性从句的连词有that, whether等，引出状语从句的连词有when, because, since, if 等。 们可以得知中考对于连词的语法能力考察集中于以下两点： （1）连词词义辨析，并列连词和从属连词。 （2）状语从句 考向分析：中考对于连词的考察要求考生们： （1）掌握连词的定义； （2）掌握常用连词的用法，熟练运用。 考点一 连词的分类 连词的分类：连词分为并列连接词和从属连接词两种。 一．并列连接词连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。 and(和) but(但是) or(或者,否则) so(所以) however(然而) for(因为) as well as(也) both..and...(...和...) not only ...but also...(不但…而且…) either… or…(或…或…) neither… nor…(既不…也不…) 考点二 连词用法示例与解析 1.“ and” 1. He got up and left the room. 2. He went to Kunming and I went Harbin last year. 3. Work hard, and you will do well in the exam. 2.“or” 1. Tom or I am right. (or连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定) 2. Would you like coffee or tea? 特别用法: 句型 “祈使句, or…”= If you don’t …, you will… 3.Hurry up, or you will miss the bus. 4.Put on your clothes,or you will catch a cold. 5.Be quick, or you will be late for school. 特别用法:在否定句中否定并列成分时，用or，而不用and。例如： I can't speak English or French.我不会将英语和法语。（不能使用and） 3.“but” 1. She is sixty, but she still looks young. 2. She is tired but happy. 3. I came here not for myself but for my son. 4. Mary likes piano but Tom doesn’t (like可以省略). 5.nothing but 只有 There is nothing but people. but和however辨析 but 作为并列连词，在意义上起转折作用。but 前后的两个句子或短语在意义上形成鲜明对照。but 用来连接两个分句或两个较长的短语时，but 前面一般要加逗号。 Learning the guitar isn't difficult, but you will have to practise. 学弹吉他并不难，但是你得练习。 however 意为“可是，然而，尽管”，较 but 的意味弱，通常用作连接性状语。其位置可以在句首，句末或插入句中。当其被用来对照两个分句时，中间需要有一个逗号；当它被用作句子的插入语时，则前后应各有一个逗号。 His friends, however, had other ideas. 然而他的朋友们却另有见解。 but和although/though辨析 不能出现在同一个句子里，但可以进行同义句转换。 It was cold outside, but he still went out without a coat. = Although/Though it was cold outside, he still went out without a coat. 尽管外面很冷，但他还是没有穿大衣就出去了。 4.“for” 1. I went to sleep soon, for I was very tired. 2. The sun has risen，for the birds are singing. 比较：表示原因,译为”因为”, 表示说明、解释。与because不同，用语解释某事的原因、动机，强调因果关系。用语回答why引导的问句。 5.“both …and …” 1. Both you and I are Chinese. 2. I like both sports and music. 特别用法: both…and…的否定句表示部分否定。 3. He can’t play both tennis and volleyball. 它并不是既会打网球又会打排球。 6.either…or…, neither…nor… 1. Either you or she is wrong. 2. Can you speak either French or English? 3. Neither the teacher nor the students like this song. 特别提示: 用either…or…, neither…nor…连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定。 比较: both…and…, either…or…, neither…nor…的相互关系: 肯定句: 1. I like both A and B. 否定句: 2. I don’t like both A and B.= I like either A or B. 否定句: 3. I don’t like either A or B.= I like neither A nor B. 7.“Not only…but also…” 1. Not only you but also your father is coming. (连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定) 2. She learns not only English but also Japanese. 2.从属连接词用于引导从句,常见的从属连接词有： when(当…时候) while(正当…时候) until(直到) although/though(虽然) if(假如) as …as…(和…一样) unless (除非), because(因为) as soon as(一…就…) than(比…) whether (是否…) even if(即使) so…that(如此…以) so that…(以便), in order that(为了) as if…(仿佛) 从属连词连接从句部分 ［辨析］while、when的用法区别： while:during the time when:during or at the time while和when都是表示同时，到底句子中是用when还是while主要看从句和主句中所使用的动词是短暂性动作(瞬时动词)还是持续性动作。区别如下： 1、若主句表示的是一个短暂性的动作，而从句表示的是一个持续性动作时，两者都可用。如： He fell asleep when [while] he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。 I met him when [while] I was taking a walk in the park. 我在公园散步时遇到了他。 2、若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用 while。如： Don't talk while you're eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候，我默不作声。 3、若从句是一个短暂性动作，而主句是一个持续性动作，可以 when 但不用 while。如： When he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他进来时，我在听收音机。 It was raining hard when we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。 4、若主、从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作，一般要用 when。如： I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。 至于什么是短暂性动作，什么是持续性动作，其实有个很简单的规律。就是如果是进行时态，一般是持续性的。如果是过去式，一般是短暂性动作。 专题训练 一．选择填空 1．（2024·福建·三模）—Hi, Mike! Would you like to fly kites with me? —I’d like to, ________ I have to finish my survey first. A．but B．so C．and 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你好，迈克！你愿意和我一起放风筝吗？ ——我很想去，但是我得先完成我的调查。 考查连词辨析。but但是；so所以；and和，又。分析句子结构可知，“I’d like to”与“I have to finish my survey first”为转折关系，应用but连接句子。故选A。 2．（2024·福建厦门·二模）It’s reported that the population of India will reach about 1.7 billion by 2050 ______ that of China will fall in the next few years. A．while B．since C．before 【答案】A 【详解】句意：据报道，到2050年印度人口将达到17亿左右，而中国的人口将在未来几年下降。 考查连词。while而，然而（表对比）；since自从；before在……之前。根据“It’s reported that the population of India will reach about 1.7 billion by 2050...that of China will fall in the next few years.”可知，此处是有关于人口的两种情况的对比，应用while。故选A。 3．（2023·福建南平·二模）Growing up is not an easy thing, ________ we should face the difficulty bravely. A．or B．but C．and 【答案】B 【详解】句意：成长不是一件容易的事，但我们应该勇敢地面对困难。 考查连词辨析。or或者；but但是；and而且。根据“Growing up is not an easy thing”和“we should face the difficulty bravely”可知，前后句为转折关系，应用连词but来连接。故选B。 4．（2022·福建福州·三模）Don’t give up, ________ you will never succeed. A．so B．and C．or 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不要放弃，否则你永远不会成功。 考查连词辨析。so因此；and和；or否则。根据“Don’t give up”及“you will never succeed”可知是“祈使句+and/or +陈述句”的结构。根据“you will never succeed”可知用“or”表示对前面部分的否定导致的结果，表达“如果放弃的话你就永远不会成功”，相当于“if you give up, you will never succeed”。故选C。 5．（2021·福建泉州·二模）Students should learn both knowledge from textbooks __________ some basic skills from life. A．so B．but C．and 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学生应该学会教材上的知识及生活中的基本技能。 考查连词辨析。so所以；but但是；and和。根据原文“both”可知此处考查短语“both...and...”连接两个并列短语，故选C。 二．语法填空 1．（2023·湖南永州·三模）Nowadays COVID—19 spreads in China once in a while, our country has confidence to control it completely. 【答案】but 【详解】句意：目前，新冠肺炎疫情在中国偶尔发生，但我们有信心完全控制住疫情。分析题干可知前后是转折关系，应用转折连词but连接。故填but。 2．（2022·湖南永州·二模）China became the first country to host the Summer Winter Olympics. 【答案】and 【详解】句意：中国成为第一个举办夏季和冬季奥运会的国家。根据常识可知中国举办了夏季和冬季奥运会，并列连词and“和”符合题意，故填and。 3．（2022·湖南永州·二模）Smile to the world, the world will smile back to you. 【答案】and 【详解】句意：对世界微笑，世界也会对你微笑。根据“Smile to the world”和“the world will smile back to you”可知，句子结构是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”，前后句为递进关系，应用and连接。故填and。 4．（2022·湖南永州·一模）Mr. Li is kind to us. But sometimes he isn’t kind serious(严肃的). 【答案】but 【详解】句意：李先生对我们很好。 但有时他不友好，而是很严肃。“kind”和“serious”是转折关系，用but连接两个词语，故填but。 5．（2021·湖南常德·一模）I’d like to go to the cinema with you I am too busy now. 【答案】but 【详解】句意：我想和你一起去看电影，但我现在太忙了。空格前后句之间是转折关系，应用but连接，故填but。 6．（2020·湖南永州·二模）There are a lot of stories about UFO, no one knows whether they are true or not. 【答案】but 【详解】句意：关于不明飞行物的故事有很多，但是没有人知道它们是真是假。上文“关于不明飞行物的故事有很多”和下文“没有人知道它们是真是假”之间是转折关系，用but“但是”连接。故填but。 7．（2021·湖南永州·一模）He is a smart student, he doesn’t study hard. 【答案】but 【详解】句意：他是一个聪明的学生，但他学习不努力。“He is a smart student”与“he doesn’t study hard”是转折关系，用连词but连接，故填but。 8．（22-23九年级下·湖南永州·期末）In the evening, I either watch TV play computer games. 【答案】or 【详解】句意：晚上，我要么看电视，要么玩电脑游戏。根据“I either watch TV ... play computer games”可知用either ... or ... 表示“要么……要么……”，连接并列谓语。故填or。 9．（2024·浙江·三模）“W you do, I’ll support you forever.” my mother always says. 【答案】(W)hatever 【详解】句意：我妈妈总是说：“无论你做什么，我都会永远支持你。”根据首字母提示和“I’ll support you forever”可推知，此处表示“无论你做什么，我都会永远支持你”，whatever“无论什么”符合语境。故填(W)hatever。 10．（2023·新疆阿克苏·二模）I only have two tickets to the concert. E you or Frank can go with me. 【答案】(E)ither 【详解】句意：我只有两张音乐会的票。要么你要么Frank和我一起去。either…or…表示“要么……要么……”，二者选其一。故填(E)ither。 主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。【知识归纳】 1. 语法一致原则 使用情况 例句 “不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 The girl is fond of singing. To protect the environment is our duty. Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes. 表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式 The students are having their math class. They have been to Qingdao twice. and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式 The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式 Both Peter and Mike come from England. 有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 Jack’s glasses are broken. Linda’s shoes are black and blue. “a number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 A number of trees have been planted. The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120. 不定代词another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone, no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 Is everyone here? Something is wrong with my computer. I called last night ,but nobody was in. 主语后面跟with, along with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致 Mei Mei, with her parents, often goes to the park on Sunday. A teacher, together with some students, is standing at the gate. 主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式 This kind of car is made in China. Large quantities of water are needed. “分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot of／lots of, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式 Two thirds of the work has been finished. Most of the books are written in English. 【特例清单】 1.what从句作主语时 ，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式 What we need is time. 我们需要的是时间。 What she needs are good books. 她需要的是一些好书。 2.and连接并列主语，若前面有each, every, many a, no等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式 Each boy and each girl has got a present. 每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。 1. 意义一致原则 使用情况 例句 使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd, family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式 His family isn’t large. His family are fond of watching sports programs. 有些集合名词如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式 The police are searching for the murder. Physics is really difficult for me “the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 The young are energetic. 某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty(of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数 Half of the work has been finished. Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time. 表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式 Two pounds isn’t so heavy. Two months is a long holiday. Ten yuan is enough. Ten minus five is five. 【特例清单】 1.某些以s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式 The United States is a developed country. 美国是一个发达的国家。 2.none如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数 None of the money belongs to me. 没有一分钱是属于我的。 None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class. 我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。 3.“all/most/half/the rest of+名词”作主语，谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致 Most of her money is spent on clothes. 她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。 Half of the students watch TV twice a week. 一半的学生一周看两次电视。 三、就近原则 使用情况 例句 由or, either…or…, nor, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not…but…,not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Neither you nor he is wrong. Here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Here are some books and paper for you. There is an orange and two apples on the plate. 专题训练 一 1．There a lot to see in the museum for visitors who are interested in Chinese culture. 【答案】is 2．A journey of a thousand li （begin） with a single step. 【答案】begins 3．Lily, as well as other students, （have） learned how to type. 【答案】has 4．Neither Lily nor her parents （be） outdoors when the rainstorm came. 【答案】were 5．Xu Mengtao won the 2022 Touching China award. Never giving up （be） the key to her success. 【答案】is 6．This is my good friend, Lucy. Not only she but also I （be） good at recycling. We often make some toys out of waste. 【答案】am 7．There some good advice and ways about how to use the Internet correctly and wisely. 【答案】is 二 1．（2024·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·二模）Nowadays, China a more and more important role on the International stage with its own development. (play) 【答案】plays 【详解】句意：如今，随着自身的发展，中国在国际舞台上扮演着越来越重要的角色。根据“Nowadays”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语“China”表示单数，谓语动词应用三单。故填plays。 2．（2024·甘肃定西·二模）Lucy with her classmates (wait) for the bus when the earthquake happened. 【答案】was waiting 【详解】句意：地震发生时，露西和她的同学正在等公共汽车。根据“when the earthquake happened.”，结合所给词可知，此处是含有when的过去进行时态，结构为：was/were+现在分词。此句中真正的主语是Lucy，所以be动词用was，wait的现在分词是waiting。故填was waiting。 3．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）—When shall we leave for Hainan Island? —Dear, as soon as my online meeting (end). 【答案】ends 【详解】句意：——我们什么时候去海南岛？——亲爱的，我的在线会议一结束就去。as soon as引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主语为“my online meeting”，所以此处应用所给词的三单形式。故填ends。 4．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）Lily as well as her family (climb) the green mountain nearby at this time of year. 【答案】climbs 【详解】句意：莉莉和她的家人在每年的这个时候都会去爬附近的青山。as well as和……一样，其连接两个名词时，谓语动词应与第一个名词主语保持一致。再根据时间状语“at this time of year”可知，本句是一般现在时态，主语Lily是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，climb第三人称单数形式是climbs。故填climbs。 5．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）Look! The trousers on the bed are black. That pair of trousers on the sofa (be) blue. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：看！床上的裤子是红色的。沙发上的那条裤子是蓝色的。“That pair of trousers”作主语时，谓语动词形式要与量词一致，“pair”是单数形式，所以be动词用单数is。故填is。 6．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）The number of the people here (be) about 8,000. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：这里的人数大约有8000人。句子是一般现在时，the number of“……的数量”作主语时，谓语动词用单数is。故填is。 7．（2024·西藏拉萨·一模）Neither she nor I (be) from Canada. We are from the USA． 【答案】am 【详解】句意：她和我都不是加拿大人。我们来自美国。句子是一般现在时；根据“neither... nor...”谓语动词就近原则，可知be动词形式用am。故填am。 8．（2024·甘肃武威·二模）Nothing (be) difficult if you set your mind to it. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：世上无难事，只怕有心人。此句为俗语，句子用一般现在时，difficult为形容词，谓语用be动词，主语为Nothing，be动词用is。故填is。 9．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Nobody except the local people (know) if there will be rain tomorrow. If it rains, we will stay inside and play cards together. 【答案】knows 【详解】句意：除了当地人，没有人知道明天是否会下雨。如果下雨，我们将待在家里，一起玩扑克牌。由“except”可知，except连接并列主语，谓语动词采用就远原则，nobody作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填knows。 10．（2024·甘肃陇南·一模）There (be) no milk in the fridge. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：冰箱里没有牛奶了。这里说的是现在具体发生的事情，应用一般现在时，milk是不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is。 11．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Sue as well as her parents (have) supper yesterday when the telephone rang. 【答案】was having 【详解】句意：昨天苏和她的父母正在家里吃饭时电话铃响了。分析句子可知，本句是when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时，表示从句动作在主句动作发生过程中发生。又因as well as连接两个并列成分做主语时，谓语动词与前一个主语保持一致，第一个主语为Sue。故填was having。 12．（2024·黑龙江双鸭山·一模）Look! A woman with two girls (be) coming towards us. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：看！一个女人带着两个女孩向我们走来。根据“with two girls”可知，此处遵循“就远原则”，时态为现在进行时，主语是A woman，be动词应用单数is。故填is。 13．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）The number of the computers in our school (be) about 600. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：我们学校的电脑数量大约是600台。the number of“……的数量”，其谓语动词用单数，句子描述现在的一种状态，应用一般现在时，故be动词用is。故填is。 14．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）That mountain (know) for its beauty. 【答案】is known 【详解】句意：那座山以其美丽而闻名。根据所给词和“for its beauty”可知，此处是说那座山以其美丽而闻名。be known for“因……有名”，主语“That mountain”为第三人称单数，用系动词is，填is known。 15．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）We are happy to see that more than one student (deal) with the hard problem without anyone’s help. 【答案】has dealt 【详解】句意：我们很高兴的看到不止一个学生在没有任何人的帮助下已经解决了这个困难的问题。根据语境可知，此处表示问题已经解决，用现在完成时，主语more than one表示单数，谓语动词用has。deal的过去分词是dealt。故填has dealt。 16．（2023·甘肃武威·模拟预测）—My aunt said she called you yesterday morning, but there was no answer. —Oh, we were at home. Maybe my husband with my daughter and me (wash) my car in the garden. 【答案】was washing 【详解】句意：——我姑妈说昨天早上她跟你们打电话了，但是没人接听。——哦，我们在家里。可能我丈夫和女儿还有我正在花园里洗我的车。根据“yesterday morning”及答语可知，昨天早上姑妈打电话的那会电话没人接听，是因为那会正在花园里洗车，所以应用过去进行时，其结构为“主语+was/were+doing+其他”。又因为句子主语是“my husband with my daughter and me”，主语中含有with的短语时，谓语单复数由with之前的人称决定。“my husband”为第三人称单数，所以要用was washing。故填was washing。 17．（2023·甘肃陇南·三模）The number of visitors to the museum every day (be) more than 5,000. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：每天参观博物馆的人数超过5000人。根据“every day”可知，时态是一般现在时。“The number of+名词”作主语，谓语动词用其单数形式，故用be动词is。故填is。 18．（2023·甘肃临夏·模拟预测）Not only my parents but also I (be) going to stay at home this weekend. 【答案】am 【详解】句意：这个周末不仅我父母，我也要待在家里。“not only...but also”在连接不同主语时谓语动词形式遵循“就近原则”可知，I作主语时，谓语动词be用am。故填am。 19．（2023·甘肃庆阳·二模）There (be) a lot of dinosaurs many years ago. 【答案】were 【详解】句意：多年前有许多恐龙。根据“many years ago”可知句子应用一般过去时，句子主语a lot of dinosaurs表示复数意义，be动词应were。故填were。 10．（2023·甘肃白银·二模）There (be) a lot of old houses near here twenty years ago. 【答案】were 【详解】句意：二十年前，这里附近有很多老房子。此处是there be句型，意为“有”。根据“twenty years ago”可知，时态是一般过去时，且主语a lot of old houses是复数，故用be动词were。故填were。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题3.连词、主谓一致讲练 一．连词 连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与句子，在句子中不能单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，如and, but, or, for, so 等；从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)，引出名词性从句的连词有that, whether等，引出状语从句的连词有when, because, since, if 等。 们可以得知中考对于连词的语法能力考察集中于以下两点： （1）连词词义辨析，并列连词和从属连词。 （2）状语从句 考向分析：中考对于连词的考察要求考生们： （1）掌握连词的定义； （2）掌握常用连词的用法，熟练运用。 考点一 连词的分类 连词的分类：连词分为并列连接词和从属连接词两种。 一．并列连接词连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。 and(和) but(但是) or(或者,否则) so(所以) however(然而) for(因为) as well as(也) both..and...(...和...) not only ...but also...(不但…而且…) either… or…(或…或…) neither… nor…(既不…也不…) 考点二 连词用法示例与解析 1.“ and” 1. He got up and left the room. 2. He went to Kunming and I went Harbin last year. 3. Work hard, and you will do well in the exam. 2.“or” 1. Tom or I am right. (or连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定) 2. Would you like coffee or tea? 特别用法: 句型 “祈使句, or…”= If you don’t …, you will… 3.Hurry up, or you will miss the bus. 4.Put on your clothes,or you will catch a cold. 5.Be quick, or you will be late for school. 特别用法:在否定句中否定并列成分时，用or，而不用and。例如： I can't speak English or French.我不会将英语和法语。（不能使用and） 3.“but” 1. She is sixty, but she still looks young. 2. She is tired but happy. 3. I came here not for myself but for my son. 4. Mary likes piano but Tom doesn’t (like可以省略). 5.nothing but 只有 There is nothing but people. but和however辨析 but 作为并列连词，在意义上起转折作用。but 前后的两个句子或短语在意义上形成鲜明对照。but 用来连接两个分句或两个较长的短语时，but 前面一般要加逗号。 Learning the guitar isn't difficult, but you will have to practise. 学弹吉他并不难，但是你得练习。 however 意为“可是，然而，尽管”，较 but 的意味弱，通常用作连接性状语。其位置可以在句首，句末或插入句中。当其被用来对照两个分句时，中间需要有一个逗号；当它被用作句子的插入语时，则前后应各有一个逗号。 His friends, however, had other ideas. 然而他的朋友们却另有见解。 but和although/though辨析 不能出现在同一个句子里，但可以进行同义句转换。 It was cold outside, but he still went out without a coat. = Although/Though it was cold outside, he still went out without a coat. 尽管外面很冷，但他还是没有穿大衣就出去了。 4.“for” 1. I went to sleep soon, for I was very tired. 2. The sun has risen，for the birds are singing. 比较：表示原因,译为”因为”, 表示说明、解释。与because不同，用语解释某事的原因、动机，强调因果关系。用语回答why引导的问句。 5.“both …and …” 1. Both you and I are Chinese. 2. I like both sports and music. 特别用法: both…and…的否定句表示部分否定。 3. He can’t play both tennis and volleyball. 它并不是既会打网球又会打排球。 6.either…or…, neither…nor… 1. Either you or she is wrong. 2. Can you speak either French or English? 3. Neither the teacher nor the students like this song. 特别提示: 用either…or…, neither…nor…连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定。 比较: both…and…, either…or…, neither…nor…的相互关系: 肯定句: 1. I like both A and B. 否定句: 2. I don’t like both A and B.= I like either A or B. 否定句: 3. I don’t like either A or B.= I like neither A nor B. 7.“Not only…but also…” 1. Not only you but also your father is coming. (连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定) 2. She learns not only English but also Japanese. 2.从属连接词用于引导从句,常见的从属连接词有： when(当…时候) while(正当…时候) until(直到) although/though(虽然) if(假如) as …as…(和…一样) unless (除非), because(因为) as soon as(一…就…) than(比…) whether (是否…) even if(即使) so…that(如此…以) so that…(以便), in order that(为了) as if…(仿佛) 从属连词连接从句部分 ［辨析］while、when的用法区别： while:during the time when:during or at the time while和when都是表示同时，到底句子中是用when还是while主要看从句和主句中所使用的动词是短暂性动作(瞬时动词)还是持续性动作。区别如下： 1、若主句表示的是一个短暂性的动作，而从句表示的是一个持续性动作时，两者都可用。如： He fell asleep when [while] he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。 I met him when [while] I was taking a walk in the park. 我在公园散步时遇到了他。 2、若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用 while。如： Don't talk while you're eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候，我默不作声。 3、若从句是一个短暂性动作，而主句是一个持续性动作，可以 when 但不用 while。如： When he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他进来时，我在听收音机。 It was raining hard when we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。 4、若主、从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作，一般要用 when。如： I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。 至于什么是短暂性动作，什么是持续性动作，其实有个很简单的规律。就是如果是进行时态，一般是持续性的。如果是过去式，一般是短暂性动作。 专题训练 一．选择填空 1．（2024·福建·三模）—Hi, Mike! Would you like to fly kites with me? —I’d like to, ________ I have to finish my survey first. A．but B．so C．and 2．（2024·福建厦门·二模）It’s reported that the population of India will reach about 1.7 billion by 2050 ______ that of China will fall in the next few years. A．while B．since C．before 3．（2023·福建南平·二模）Growing up is not an easy thing, ________ we should face the difficulty bravely. A．or B．but C．and 4．（2022·福建福州·三模）Don’t give up, ________ you will never succeed. A．so B．and C．or 5．（2021·福建泉州·二模）Students should learn both knowledge from textbooks __________ some basic skills from life. A．so B．but C．and 二．语法填空 1．（2023·湖南永州·三模）Nowadays COVID—19 spreads in China once in a while, our country has confidence to control it completely. 2．（2022·湖南永州·二模）China became the first country to host the Summer Winter Olympics. 3．（2022·湖南永州·二模）Smile to the world, the world will smile back to you. 4．（2022·湖南永州·一模）Mr. Li is kind to us. But sometimes he isn’t kind serious(严肃的). 5．（2021·湖南常德·一模）I’d like to go to the cinema with you I am too busy now. 6．（2020·湖南永州·二模）There are a lot of stories about UFO, no one knows whether they are true or not. 7．（2021·湖南永州·一模）He is a smart student, he doesn’t study hard. 8．（22-23九年级下·湖南永州·期末）In the evening, I either watch TV play computer games. 9．（2024·浙江·三模）“W you do, I’ll support you forever.” my mother always says. 10．（2023·新疆阿克苏·二模）I only have two tickets to the concert. E you or Frank can go with me. 主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。【知识归纳】 1. 语法一致原则 使用情况 例句 “不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 The girl is fond of singing. To protect the environment is our duty. Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes. 表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式 The students are having their math class. They have been to Qingdao twice. and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式 The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式 Both Peter and Mike come from England. 有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 Jack’s glasses are broken. Linda’s shoes are black and blue. “a number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 A number of trees have been planted. The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120. 不定代词another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone, no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 Is everyone here? Something is wrong with my computer. I called last night ,but nobody was in. 主语后面跟with, along with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致 Mei Mei, with her parents, often goes to the park on Sunday. A teacher, together with some students, is standing at the gate. 主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式 This kind of car is made in China. Large quantities of water are needed. “分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot of／lots of, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式 Two thirds of the work has been finished. Most of the books are written in English. 【特例清单】 1.what从句作主语时 ，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式 What we need is time. 我们需要的是时间。 What she needs are good books. 她需要的是一些好书。 2.and连接并列主语，若前面有each, every, many a, no等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式 Each boy and each girl has got a present. 每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。 1. 意义一致原则 使用情况 例句 使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd, family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式 His family isn’t large. His family are fond of watching sports programs. 有些集合名词如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式 The police are searching for the murder. Physics is really difficult for me “the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 The young are energetic. 某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty(of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数 Half of the work has been finished. Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time. 表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式 Two pounds isn’t so heavy. Two months is a long holiday. Ten yuan is enough. Ten minus five is five. 【特例清单】 1.某些以s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式 The United States is a developed country. 美国是一个发达的国家。 2.none如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数 None of the money belongs to me. 没有一分钱是属于我的。 None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class. 我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。 3.“all/most/half/the rest of+名词”作主语，谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致 Most of her money is spent on clothes. 她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。 Half of the students watch TV twice a week. 一半的学生一周看两次电视。 三、就近原则 使用情况 例句 由or, either…or…, nor, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not…but…,not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Neither you nor he is wrong. Here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Here are some books and paper for you. There is an orange and two apples on the plate. 专题训练 一 1．There a lot to see in the museum for visitors who are interested in Chinese culture. 2．A journey of a thousand li （begin） with a single step. 3．Lily, as well as other students, （have） learned how to type. 4．Neither Lily nor her parents （be） outdoors when the rainstorm came. 5．Xu Mengtao won the 2022 Touching China award. Never giving up （be） the key to her success. 6．This is my good friend, Lucy. Not only she but also I （be） good at recycling. We often make some toys out of waste. 7．There some good advice and ways about how to use the Internet correctly and wisely. 二 1．（2024·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·二模）Nowadays, China a more and more important role on the International stage with its own development. (play) 2．（2024·甘肃定西·二模）Lucy with her classmates (wait) for the bus when the earthquake happened. 3．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）—When shall we leave for Hainan Island? —Dear, as soon as my online meeting (end). 4．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）Lily as well as her family (climb) the green mountain nearby at this time of year. 5．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）Look! The trousers on the bed are black. That pair of trousers on the sofa (be) blue. 6．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）The number of the people here (be) about 8,000. 7．（2024·西藏拉萨·一模）Neither she nor I (be) from Canada. We are from the USA． 8．（2024·甘肃武威·二模）Nothing (be) difficult if you set your mind to it. 9．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Nobody except the local people (know) if there will be rain tomorrow. If it rains, we will stay inside and play cards together. 10．（2024·甘肃陇南·一模）There (be) no milk in the fridge. 11．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Sue as well as her parents (have) supper yesterday when the telephone rang. 12．（2024·黑龙江双鸭山·一模）Look! A woman with two girls (be) coming towards us. 13．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）The number of the computers in our school (be) about 600. 14．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）That mountain (know) for its beauty. 15．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）We are happy to see that more than one student (deal) with the hard problem without anyone’s help. 16．（2023·甘肃武威·模拟预测）—My aunt said she called you yesterday morning, but there was no answer. —Oh, we were at home. Maybe my husband with my daughter and me (wash) my car in the garden. 17．（2023·甘肃陇南·三模）The number of visitors to the museum every day (be) more than 5,000. 18．（2023·甘肃临夏·模拟预测）Not only my parents but also I (be) going to stay at home this weekend. 19．（2023·甘肃庆阳·二模）There (be) a lot of dinosaurs many years ago. 10．（2023·甘肃白银·二模）There (be) a lot of old houses near here twenty years ago. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$