专题1.名词、冠词、代词、介词讲练-2025年福建省中考英语讲义

2025-02-10
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 名词,代词,介词,冠词
使用场景 中考复习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 福建省
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 1.38 MB
发布时间 2025-02-10
更新时间 2025-02-10
作者 小米夏
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-02-10
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专题1名词、冠词、代词、介词讲练 一.名词 中考考点分布: 一、名词词义辨析(重点) 二、名词的数 三、名词所有格 考点一 名词的分类 英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类: 1.专有名词指特定的或独一无二的人或物(人名、地名、节日、星期、月份、国家名、景观名)。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。 如:Beijing, Tom, English,the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 人名:Tom,Peter,Mr Yang 地名:Europe,New York,People’s Square 节日、月份、星期:Christmas,February,Saturday 注意:有些单词字母的大小写不同,词义也不一样。如: Rose罗斯(姓名)——rose玫瑰花 China中国——china陶瓷或中国(不特指) 2.普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 如:pupil, family, man, foot. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如:box, child, orange;a dog,two dogs,100 dogs 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information . 用量词来计数不可数名词: A glass of water 区分单词可数不可数 可数名词:像表示人或事物的名词和集体名词等。 不可数名词:物质名词或抽象名词。(液体,空气,粉末状) 常见的不可数名词:bread,rice,milk,water,air,advice,homework,money等。 考点二 名词的数 一.英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1.名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下: ①在单数名词词尾加s。 如:map→maps, boy→boys, horse→horses, table→ tables. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es. 如:class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches. 字母o结尾,在后面加s (元音字母a,e,i,o,u) (1)词末为两个元音字母的词 如:zoos,bamboos,coos,radios,studios(艺术家的工作室)。 (2)某些外来词和缩写,加 s.如 photos,solos,pianos,kilos(千克),tobaccos。 ③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。 ——boys 如:family→families, city→cities, party→parties. activity→activities ④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。 如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives. 2.不规则变化: 男人女人a变e, man→men,woman→women 鹅足牙oo变ee, goose→geese,foot→feet,tooth→teeth 老鼠虱子也好记,ous变ic, mouse→mice louse→lice 孩子加上ren,鱼鹿绵羊不用变。 child→children,fish→fish,deer→deer,sheep→sheep 以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数,前后两个名词都变复数,如:manservant→menservants, woman student→women students. 二.不可数名词一般没有复数形式(用is),说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词,不用不定关系a/an修饰。 如:The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。 如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk. 常见的不可数名词 water水,milk 牛奶;juice 果汁;powder粉,rice米饭,salt 盐,food食物,fruit水果,chocolate 巧克力,fish鱼肉,meat 肉,bread面包,paper 纸,exercise 锻炼,information 信息,news 新闻,homework 作业,hair 头发,population人口,money 钱,advice 建议 专题训练 1.So I had to download       (sentence) onto my phone and I listened and practised them again and again.  2.Skating with Nathan was certainly a better offer than working on the project. He could learn some new    (skill) with the help of Nathan.  3.One of my       (cousin) went over to her house and taught her how to use it.  4.Yuan Longping, the “Father of Hybrid Rice”, won many       (奖) for his rice research.  5.They got him to the back of the line and three big       (女士) said they would watch him and stop him going forward.  6.He was one of the most cheerful     (man) in the world.  7.Bye added that summer camps are important to both kids and       (parent).  8.At her first concert, she played in a band with many       (adult).  9.Jack and Mike are two plants. They are neighbors. One day, Jack’s       (leaf) touch Mike.  考点三 名词的格 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下: (1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如:Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书),men's room (男厕所)。 (2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如:Teachers’ Day(教师节) (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如: today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息), China’s population(中国的人口). (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如: a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿). Jack’s picture= a picture of jack ① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所) ② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) ③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格, 如:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友) 专题训练 1.Three years ago, I paid a visit to my       (uncle) home in Sydney.  2.Suddenly the old woman stopped because she saw the     (stranger)face.  3.He saw that the bus driver was no longer sitting in the       (driver) seat—she had passed out and collapsed(晕倒) on the bus stairs.  4.In summer, we have two        (month)holiday. It is in July and August.  考点四 名词的主谓一致 (1)主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式: 如:The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明) The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷) (2)glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如: The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买) (3)a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如: A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句) (4)there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定(就近原则)。 如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子) There + be (表示有,某地有某物,一种空间关系) There is a table and four chairs in the room. 就近原则 have(表示有,拥有,一种所属关系) I have a table and four chairs in the room. There have 错误的 考点五 名词构词法 名词(构成名词的后缀) 后缀 示例 ­ence某些动词或形容词后面加后缀-ence 构成相应的抽象名词 exist—existence存在; enter(进入)-entrance(入口处) ­ance;-ence,-ancy,-ency某些动词或形容词后面加后缀-ance 构成相应的抽象名词,表示性质或状态 accept—acceptance接受;exist-existence存在;tend-tendency趋势 important(重要的)-importance(重要性) ­tion表示行为的过程或状态 produce—production生产; attract-attraction吸引力 ­sion表示行为的过程 express—expression表达 ­ment;表示行为结果或具体工具 develop—development发展;equip(装备)-equipment(装备,设备) ­ness; 形容词后加后缀-ness blind—blindness失明; cold—coldness(寒冷) ­age;表示状态、总称或场所,物品;费用 marry—marriage婚姻;villa别墅--village村庄; post--postage邮费;short-shortage短缺 ­th;表示状态、性质或动作 warm—warmth温暖;long-length长度;grow-growth生长 ­ure 表示状态、情况或行为的结果 please—pleasure快乐;depart—departure离开; expose-exposure暴露;press-pressure压力 ­dom表示总称、集体、身份、状态 wise—wisdom智慧;bore使厌烦--boredom厌烦 y,-ty,-ity某些形容词后面加-y-ty,-ity 等表示性质状态的后缀,构成抽象名词 difficult(困难的)-difficulty(困难) electric(电的)-electricity(电) -al表示行为、过程或状态 approve-approval赞成;survive-survival存活 -ship表示状态或地位 member-membership会员资格 -er,-or,-ant表示.....的人或物 employ-employ雇主;laugh-laughter笑声;assist-assistant助手 -ist表示......专家,从事......的人 science-scientist科学家;special-specialist专家 -cy表示状态或性质 accurate-accuracy准确性;fluent-fluency流利; 专题训练 1.But today, most people have more than enough.So it may now be harming our       (健康).  2.For my       (safe),he did not jump up to greet me, although his moving tail clearly showed that he was happy to see me.  3.But today, most people have more than enough.So it may now be harming our       (healthy).  4.Every year, it attracts millions of       (visit) from home and abroad.  考点六 易混易错点辨析 易混一:sound,voice,noise sound “声音”,指耳朵能听到的各种声音。e.g. I heard the sound of the bell. voice “嗓音”,指人的说话声。e.g. She has a beautiful voice. noise “噪音”,即心理感受不好的声音。词组:make a noise/make much noise等。 易混二:job,work job “工作”,指长期的职业,可数。 work “工作”,可以作名词或动词。作名词表示“工作”时指一般的事,不可数;作名词表示“作品”时可数。 易混三:a number of,the number of a number of表示“大量的;许多”,谓语动词用复数。 如:A number of people are playing chess. the number of表示“……的数量”,谓语动词用单数。 如:The number of people in the room is 50. 易混四:idea,advice,suggestion idea表示“主意”,可数。 如:a good idea 一个好主意 advice表示“建议;忠告”,不可数。 如:a piece of advice suggestion意同advice,可数。 易混五:news,information,message,instruction news表示“新闻;消息”,不可数。如:two pieces of news information表示“信息”,不可数。如:some information about the Great Wall message表示“便条;口信;短信”,可数。 常用词组:leave a message(留便条); take a message to...(捎口信给……) instruction表示“说明;须知;指令”,可数。 如:some instructions about how and when to take this medicine 易混六:house,family,home house表示“住宅”,指的是具体的房子或建筑物。 family表示“家;家庭”,强调家庭成员。 home意为“家”,带有眷恋等感情色彩,具有抽象意义。 易混七:problem,question problem表示出现的、提出的、需要解决的问题。 question表示问、答的问题。 易混八:floor,ground floor表示室内,车内等的地板。 ground表示室外的地面。 易混九:road,way,street road表示“公路,马路”,较具体; 常用短语:on the road(在路上),across the road(过马路)等。 way表示“路线,方法,方面”,较抽象, 常用短语:in this way(用这种方式), in a way/in some ways(在某些方面), on the/one's way to(在去某地的路上), in the/one's way(挡道,阻碍), the way to(到某地的路)。 street意为“街” 常用短语:in/on the street(在街上),across the street(过街)等。 易混十:reason,cause,excuse reason表示“原因,理由”,常与for连用。 cause表示“起因,导致……的原因”,常与of连用。 excuse表示“借口”,指不存在的理由。 易混十一:population,people,person population表示“人口”,不指具体的人,常用large,big,small 修饰。提问时用“What”。 people表示“人”,一定是复数。提问时用“How many”。 person表示“人”,可以是单数也可以是复数。 中考模拟试题 一.选择填空 1.(2023·福建厦门·三模)—May I have some ________, Dad?   —We’ve eaten all of them. Let’s make some new ones now. A.tea B.pancakes C.salt 2.(2023·福建·模拟预测)We needn’t buy any CDs for them. ________ children never listen to CDs. A.Most B.Most the C.The most of 3.(2022·福建莆田·一模)Su Bingtian set a new Asian _______ of 9.83 seconds in the Tokyo Olympics Men’s 100m semifinal (半决赛). A.rule B.record C.message 4.(2022·福建福州·一模)Good ________ happens when one person is expressing his ideas and the other is listening carefully, and giving his opinions sometimes. A.celebration B.information C.communication 5.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模)Mr Smith’s ________ is no better than a wild guess, we don’t need to trust it. A.ceremony B.prediction C.ecosystem 二.语法填空 1.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)The toy models at the store are not only for but also for adults. (child) 2.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)The headmaster made a wonderful on the school Open Day yesterday. (speak) 3.(2025·上海闵行·一模)The fact that I didn’t have enough experience was really a big . (vantage) 4.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)Lucy bought several as gifts for her friends, each with its own design. (scarf) 5.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)Elsie usually asks her friend for a when she can’t figure out the puzzle. (solve) 6.(24-25九年级上·上海闵行·期末)It’s our family to exchange gifts on New Year’s Eve. (traditional) 7.(24-25九年级上·上海闵行·期末)Pan and his teammates were treated as when they came back to China.(hero) 8.(2024·云南昆明·一模)After a two-hour discussion, they finally reached an on how to carry on online study. (agree) 9.(2024·云南昆明·一模)Every years, thousands of come to Yunnan to enjoy the beauty of nature. (visit) 10.(2024·云南昆明·一模)Zheng Qinwen’s excellent achievements in tennis make her the of our nation. (proud) 11.(2023·甘肃陇南·三模)She agreed to take part in Tom’s birthday (celebrate). 12.(2024·云南德宏·一模)The movie Chang An tells about some poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Wang Wei. (story) 13.(24-25八年级上·全国·课后作业)Tourists can see many western-style (build) in Shanghai Disneyland. 14.(2024·江苏南京·三模)So if you want to become a (science) when you grow up, English can help you go a long way in your future study. 15.(2024·甘肃酒泉·三模)I enjoy the warm weather because it’s perfect to do outdoor (activity). 16.(2024·甘肃酒泉·三模)Tim refused Jacky’s (invite) because they had an argument yesterday. 17.(2024·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·二模)She had a bad and broke her leg because of the heavy snow. (fall) 18.(2024·云南昆明·二模)The beautiful painting is made from grass, leaves and . (flower) 19.(2024·江苏扬州·三模)A friend of the is coming to see him. (invent) 20.(2024·江苏扬州·二模)A famous saying goes like this, “Mind in peace brings you real .”(happy) 二.冠词 中考考查重点: 一、冠词的用法; 二、不用冠词的情况; 考点1 冠词的分类 分类 说明 例子 不定冠词 a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前 a gift 一份礼物,a plane 一架飞机,a useful book 一本有用的书 an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前 an hour 一小时,an apple 一个苹果,an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩 定冠词 the 只有一种形式,一般用于特指 the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔,the Chinese movie 那部中国影片 考点2 冠词的基本用法 一、 不定冠词a、an的用法 1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前,泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别: (1)若随后的单词以辅音音素开头,用 a。如:a lot of,a good idea,a pear。 (2)若随后的单词以元音音素开头,用 an。如:an example,an orange,an apple。 专题训练 1.Several years ago, I worked for       English newspaper which was doing such research.  2.He could learn some new skills with the help of Nathan. It would be       exciting experience.  3.Ed went to study art in Paris and became       artist.  4.Your best friend is telling you       joke, but you can’t catch it!  5.In the kitchen,there was       surprise for Claudio—his favorite pancakes.  6.What’s amazing is that Beth hasn’t ever been to       drum lesson.   二、定冠词the的用法 用法 例子 1. 用于特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。 This is the city where my grandfather once lived. 2. 用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。 Would you mind my opening the window? 3. 用于复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用"a或an",以后再次提到用"the") Jim lives in a small village. In the village, there is an old tree. 4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。 Spring is the first season of a year. This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen. 5. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前。 in the east 在东方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部 6.用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。 the sun, the moon, play the piano 7.用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。 The Turners are at breakfast table. 8.与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。 The young should help the old. 9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great Wall, the United States 10用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 13. 用在某些固定的表达法。 in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 in the world 在世界上 all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 在去……去的路上 专题训练 1.But with social⁃distancing(社交距离)rules in       United States, many summer camps face difficult decisions.  2.For       first time in his life, Mr Happy lost his smile.  3.I took him to       computer in my room and said,“Right here.”   4.Although the Olympic Winter Games may not have as many players as the Olympic Summer Games, they share       same Olympic spirit.  5.Once we tried to burn chemicals,       chemicals produced many colors of flames (火焰),including bright orange and dark green.  三、不用冠词的情况 用法 例子 1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。 Paper is made of wood. 2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。 Go along this road. Every student likes English in our class. 3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 My parents are teachers. 4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。 Today is Children’s Day. It’s hot in summer. 5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。 He went to school without breakfast. Let’s play football after school. 6.在某些固定短语中。 in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school 中考模拟试题 一.选择填空 1.(2024·福建福州·三模)Peter never tells a lie. He is such ________ honest boy that all of us like him. A.an B.a C.the 2.(2024·福建厦门·二模)You can be just ________ one you want to be, a doctor, a firefighter or a postman. A.a B.an C.the 3.(2024·福建厦门·三模)Eric is ________ honest boy because he never tells lies. A.the B.an C.a 4.(2024·福建厦门·二模)The soup is tasteless. Pass me __________ salt over there, please. A.a B.an C.the 5.(2024·福建宁德·二模)Youdao Dictionary is ________ useful tool for English learners. A.a B.an C.the 二.语法填空 1.(2023·湖南永州·二模)—Do you know the official motto of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, Lin Tao? —Yes, it’s “Together for Shared Future”. 2.(2023·湖南永州·二模)ChatGPT is great step in science and technology. 3.(2023·湖南永州·三模)Although Tom is only 8-year-old boy, he can do lots of housework. 4.(2023·湖南常德·二模)I want to be artist because I like painting very much. 5.(2023·湖南永州·二模)Where’s my shirt, Mum? It’s on chair in your room, maybe. 6.(2023·湖南永州·一模)In China, it’s impolite to hit empty bowl with your chopsticks. 7.(2023·湖南永州·一模)Lucy is such honest girl that we all believe in her. 8.(2023·湖南永州·一模)You can trust Tom. He is honest boy. 9.(2023·湖南永州·一模)It is useful invention. 10.(2022·湖南永州·二模)July 1st, 2021 is 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. 三、代词 代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词和疑问代词等。代词几乎是每年中考的考查部分,近三年中考的考查仍集中在不定代词上,所考题量占所考代词的 60% 以上。试题注重语境和情境,要求能够根据真实的语言环境运用各类代词。 考点一 人称代词 1、 人称代词:人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。 I like him. 主语 谓语 宾语 代词充当主语的时候用主格,充当宾语的时候用宾格。 人称代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称   单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 汉语 我 我们 你 你们 他 她 它 他们 主格 宾格 (1)主格用来作句子的主语。如: I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) (2)宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。 如:Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?) We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信) (3)人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如:--Who is it?(是谁?) –It’s I/me.(是我。) (4)三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如: Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿?) –You and me.(你和我) 人称代词中几个注意的情况: 第一人称单数代词 " I(我)" 不论在什么地方都要大写。 I study English every day.我天天学习英语。 " she "常常代替国家,城市,宠物等,表示一种亲密或爱抚的感情。 I live in China。She is a great country.我住在中国.她是一个伟大的国家。 " it " 可指身份不清人、天气、环境、时间。可用作形式主语、形式宾语或强调句型。 It's me. Open the door,please.是我,请开门。 " they " 有时代替一般人. They say you are good at computer.他们说你精通计算机。 考点二 物主代词 物主代词:说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。 物主代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称   单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 汉语 我的 我们的 你的 你们的 他的 她的 它的 他们的 形容词性 名词性 (1)形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如: Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗?) I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) They are their books.(是他们的书) (2)名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如: This is your cup,but where is my cup(mine)?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿?) Your classroom is very big, but ours(our classroom) is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小) (3)“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如: A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。) [试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。) 考点三 反身代词 反身代词:表示我自己,你自己,他自己,我们自己,你们自己,他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。 反身代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称   单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 汉语 我自己 我们自己 你自己 你们自己 他自己 她自己 它自己 他们自己 反身代词第一,二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加 "-self " (复数加 -selves )构成。 第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式-self(复数加 -selves )构成。 (1)反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如: Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的) (2)在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如: The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好) help oneself用法 用作招呼客人吃东西时的客套话,其意为“请随便吃”“请吃”。 Help yourself to the fruit. 吃点水果吧。 Make yourself at home, and help yourself to anything you like. 请不要拘束,喜欢吃什么就吃什么。 enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun用法 自我欣赏,自娱;玩得痛快,过得愉快。 Did you enjoy yourself of the party?你在宴会上愉快吗? "enjoy oneself doing sth"=have fun doing sth.表示做某件事情非常的开心,陶醉于做某事,侧重于表现在“做什么”。 The girl enjoy herself playing in the garden. 专题训练 1.And the children next to you enjoy       (they), singing and laughing.  2.Thanks to       (they) hard work, the first irrigation(灌溉)network in the world appeared.   3.Will's friends could hear       (he) reporting the emergency.   4.The curator(馆长) was proud to have such a painting in       (he) museum and congratulated John on his discovery.  5.When the old lady got in, Andrea could see that she was in a long dress and had a hat pulled down low over       (she) eyes.  6.My father said if I couldn't make fifty rupees today,he wouldn't allow       (I) to eat anything.   7.—Is that your car? —No, m       is parked over the road.   8.Ms. Yang said she based the boy on a student of       (她的)years ago.   考点四 指示代词 指示代词: 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。 单数 复数 含义 this(这个) these(这些) 指较近的人和物 that(那个) those(那些) 指较远的人和物 such (这样的人/物) 指上文提过的人和物 same (同样的人/物) 指和上文提过的相同的人和物 it (这人/这物) 指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时 指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。如: What’s this?(这是什么?) That model plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句) Remember never to do such things.(记得永远不要做这样的事情) Do the same as the teacher tells you. (按老师说的做) ---Who is it?(是谁?) ---It’s me!(是我!) 考点五 疑问代词 疑问代词:表示“谁(who),谁 (whom),谁的(whose),什么(what),哪个或哪些 (which)”等词叫疑问代词。关系代词:用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词, 连接代词:用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。英语中连接代词主要有:what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁的)。 考点六 不定代词 不定代词:没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词,常用不定代词如下: 单数 含义 some any no none / / each (every) one either, neither so the other, another 复合不 定代词 不可数 含义 much little, a little all / / / / / 复数 含义 many few, a few ones both others, the others 注:复合不定代词有16个:something, someone, somebody somewhere,anything, anyone, anybody, nothing,nobody, no one, everything, everyone, everybody,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere. (1)some和 any 的用法: some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。 如:There are some apples on the table. / There is some water in the bottle. some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如:Would you like some coffee with sugar? any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如:They didn’t have any friends here. / Have you got any questions to ask? any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend. (2)all和both的用法: all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词;也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。 both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。 (3)every和each用法: every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念; each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念; every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。 如:Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干) (4)either和neither的用法: either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”;neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个中的每一个都不”。 neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。 如:I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行) --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐公车去还是坐轿车去?一个都不坐,我坐火车去。) either…or…或者,或者; 不是,就是neither…nor…既不,也不 拓展 1.若连接两个单数数名词/代词作主语,后面动词用单数。 Either Mary or Lucy is coming. 不是玛丽来,就是露西来。 2.若连接两个复数名词/代词作主语,后面动词用复数。 Neither my parents nor my grandparents are coming. 我的父母不来,我的爷爷奶奶也不来。 3.如果一个单数名词/代词和一个复数名词/代词一起作主语时,动词的单复数形式必须和最靠近的一个主语保持一致。(就近原则) Either my parents or Lucy is coming. 不是我的父母来,就是露西来。 There__is___ a book and two pens on the table. Neither my parents nor Lucy is coming. 我的父母和露西都没来。 (5) one, other、the other和another的用法: One........another(再一个) This one is broken. Please give me another. one........the other I have two pens. One is blue. The other (pen) is black. one........the others some........the others some........others Some students like English and other students (others) like physics. (6) many,much,a few,a little,few,little 许多 有一些,有一点 几乎没有 修饰可数名词 many (boys) a few few (boys) 修饰不可数名词 much (milk) a little little (milk) (7) 复合不定代词 somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing,where,one 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。 some 一般用于肯定句中;any一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。 修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如:Do you want to eat something special? 专题训练 1.Mike decides to do    (anything). He produces chemicals(化学物质).  2.Suppose you saw a big bag left behind by someone on the street. There was       (没有人) around you.  3.      (两者都不) of the twin sisters likes the cheesecake because it is too sweet.  中考模拟试题 一.选择填空 1.(2024·福建福州·三模)He has tried many ways to solve this problem, but ________ of them works. A.none B.either C.neither 2.(2024·福建莆田·一模)—All the books here are useful to you. Which one do you like best? —________. I’m too busy to read these days. A.Neither B.None C.Either 3.(2024·福建厦门·二模)________ thought he could hold on. However, he won the game at last. A.Everybody B.Somebody C.Nobody 4.(2024·福建厦门·三模)—Which film would you like to watch tonight, You Only Live Once or Article 20? — ________ is OK. Both of them are good movies. A.Neither B.Either C.Both 5.(2024·福建厦门·二模)I tried many ways to solve the problem, but __________ of them worked. A.either B.none C.neither 6.(2024·福建宁德·二模)—Helen, have you ever been to the Fujian Provincial Museum with Jane? —________ of us has. We plan to go there next week. A.Either B.Neither C.None 7.(2024·福建厦门·二模)—What a lovely soft toy! Whose is it? —It’s ________. It is Loong Chenchen, the official mascot (吉祥物) of the 2024 Spring Festival Gala. A.mine B.my C.me 8.(2024·福建厦门·二模)—Shall we go to Wuyi Mountain or Qingyuan Mountain this weekend? —________ is OK, as long as we can get close to the nature. A.Both B.Either C.Neither 9.(2024·福建福州·三模)—Bob always keeps ________ room tidy. —Yes. He really sets a good example for us. A.he B.him C.his 10.(2024·福建泉州·三模)—How can we go to the library this Sunday, by bike or on foot? —________ is OK. It’s up to you. A.Both B.Neither C.Either 11.(2024·福建福州·二模)—Have you finished your work yet?         —No, not yet. I think it’ll take ten  ________ minutes. A.another B.more C.other 二.语法填空 1.(2023·云南德宏·一模)In my spare time, I often listen to music to relax . (I) 2.(2024·上海奉贤·一模)The door will open when people come close to it. (It) 3.(2020·云南普洱·二模)Deng Yaping taught (she) English after she left the table tennis team. 4.(2024·云南德宏·一模)We are really proud that we cooked all the dishes by . (we) 5.(2024·云南昆明·三模)The film YOLO (热辣滚烫) tells us how a kind woman tries to challenge and love (her). 6.(2024·江苏扬州·三模)Everyone makes mistakes. What you should do is to accept them and treat them as chances to improve (you), boys and girls. 7.(2024·江苏南京·三模)Students have to keep improving (they), or they will fall behind. 8.(2024·西藏日喀则·二模)Every time Jim climbed a mountain, he felt proud of (him). 9.(2024·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·二模)The red umbrella is mine and the blue one belongs to . (he) 10.(2024·甘肃陇南·三模)All the students enjoyed (they) and showed their talents in the Art Festival. 11.(2024·四川达州·一模)This book belongs to you. Where is (me)? 12.(2024·云南楚雄·三模)This is favorite park to visit on weekends. (we) 13.(2024·江苏淮安·三模)After hearing the bad news, she took a deep breath to calm (she) down. 14.(2024·甘肃天水·二模)David has a horse with a white mark on (it) head. 15.(2024·云南曲靖·二模)Nowadays most kids are smart enough to teach how to go online. (they) 16.(2024·云南楚雄·三模)Kids, you should remember to take a good look at before you judge others. (you) 17.(2024·上海杨浦·三模)Kids, you should learn to look after when we’re not at home. (your) 18.(2024·西藏日喀则·一模)Nobody taught the old lady to use WeChat. She learned it by (she). 19.(2024·四川遂宁·一模)Teenagers should be encouraged to make decisions by (them). 20.(2024·黑龙江双鸭山·二模)The C919, China’s self-developed large passenger plane, made (it) first commercial (商业的) flight from Shanghai to Beijing in May 2023. 四、介词 中考考查重点: 1. 介词辨析; 2. 介词短语辨析。 介词是一种虚词,它不能单独担任句子成分,必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语,才能担任句子成分。 考点一 时间介词 in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后 on在(某日) at在… (时刻) during在…期间 before在…以前 after在…以后 from从…(时)起(to ) by到…为止(by far,by now) about大约... until直到…时 for有…(之久) since自从…(至今) ⑴ 时间介词in、on、at的用法区别: 表示时间时, in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后in 10 days), 用in来表示一天中的早中晚,月份,季节或年份 in the morning/afternoon/evening在早晨,下午,晚上 in January/February在一月,二月 in Spring在春天 in 2020 在2020年 in the 1990s 在十九世纪九十年代 I usually get up at 7:00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七点钟起床) on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, 表示在星期几/某日 on Monday :在星期一 on January fifth:在1月5日 on Christmas Day :在圣诞节那一天 也可用at Christmas on New Year's Day:在新年那天 on Friday morning/on a cold/warm/hot/cool morning 如:He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/ 用 at 来表示在某一刻: at dawn/daybreak:在黎明 at six:在6点钟  at night/midnight:在晚上/午夜 用 at 来表示在……岁时 at sixteen/at the age of sixteen :16岁的时候 in年in月on日期 at在具体时刻 from 从什么时候,from...to... for...一段时间 I have lived here for 10 years. 考点二 方位介词 in在...里面 on在...上面 at在…处 between在...之间 over在....上方(正) under在...下方 above在…前 below低于... in front of在...前 behind在...后, up在...上面 near靠近... around在…周围 among在…中间 along在…近旁, 中间 by在...旁 against倚着... beside在...旁边 across在…对面 close to靠近... 1.方位介词at ,in, on, to, at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在„„附近,旁边”。arrive in 大地点(城市以上) arrive at 小地点(城市以下) in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在„范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻,接壤,“在„„上面”。 to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤;或“到……” next to 2.方位介词above,over,on 在……上 above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对; over指垂直的上方(正上方),与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk. 3.below,under 在...下面 under表示在...正下方 below表示在...下,不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line. 4.in front of,in the front of在...前面 in front of…意思是“在...前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括;其反义词是behind(在„„的后面)。 There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。) in the front of 意思是“在...的前部”,即甲物在乙物的前部.反义词是at the back of…(在„„范围内的后部)。 There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。 Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里) 考点三 方式介词 as作为/当作... by用/由/乘坐/被... in用…(语言) like与…一样 on骑(车)/徒(步), 通过(收音机/电视机) through通过... with用(材料), 用(手/脚/耳/眼) without没有… over通过(收音机) by、in与with表示方式的用法区别:都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者;in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。with表示行为动作的工具,后面的名词一般要有冠词;by表示动作的手段,后面的名词一律不带冠词。 如:We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路) Please write that article(文章) in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章) Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。) It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的) 考点四 涉及介词 about关于... except除了… besides除了…还... to对…而言 for对于/就…而言 of…的,有关... on关于/有关... towards针对... in在…(方面) with就…而言 except与besides的区别:except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含;而besides“除了”则表示包含,即“不仅……又……”。如:Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了故宫博物院)/ Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除了汉语之外,他还学其他许多功课)(“汉语”也是他学的功课之一) 考点五 介词短语 1 at once 立刻 2 at last 最后 3 at first 起先,首先 4 at the age of... 在……岁时 5 at the end of...在……之末 6 at the beginning of... 在……之初 7 at the foot of... 在……脚下 8 at the same time 同时 9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10 with one’ s help 在某人的帮助下,由于某人的帮助 11 with the help of ... 在……的帮助下 12 with a smile 面带笑容 13 with one’ s own eyes 亲眼看见 14 after a while 过了一会儿 15 from now on 从现在起 16 from then on 从那时起 17 for example 例如 18 far away from 远离 19 from morning till night 从早到晚 20 by and by 不久 21 by air mail 寄航空邮件 22 by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车 23 by ordinary mail 寄平信 24 by the way 顺便说 25 by the window 在窗边 26 by the end of... 到……底为止 27 little by little 逐渐地 28 in all 总共 29 in fact 事实上 30 in one’ s twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31 in a hurry 匆忙 32 in the middle of 在……中间 33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻,很快 34 in time (on time) 及时 35 in public 公众,公开地 36 in order to 为了…… 37 in front of 在……前面 38 in the sun 在阳光下 39 in the end 最后,终于 40 in surprise 惊奇地 41 in turn 依次 42 of course 当然 43 a bit (of) 有一点儿 44 a lot of 许多 45 a little 一点儿 46 on one’ s way to 某人在去……的路上 47 on foot 步行,走路 48 a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49 on the other hand 另一方面 50 at/on the weekend 在周末 51 on the left (right) 在左(右)边 52 on the other side of 在……另一边 53 on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播) 54 to one’ s joy 使……高兴的是 55 to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的是 中考模拟试题 一.选择填空 1.(2024·福建莆田·一模)There was a level 7.3 earthquake that happened in Taiwan ________ April 3rd, 2024. A.in B.at C.on 2.(2024·福建厦门·二模)Russian President Vladimir Putin paid a visit to Harbin _______ May 17, 2024. A.in B.on C.at 3.(2024·福建厦门·二模)In order to improve our writing skills, our teacher asked each of us to keep a dairy ________ English every day. A.at B.on C.in 4.(2024·福建厦门·二模)They sat on the beach and watched the setting sun disappear gradually ________ the horizen (地平线). A.below B.beside C.above 5.(2024·福建厦门·二模)Chinese runner Wu Yanni won the women’s 100-meter hurdles (跨栏) final of the World with a time of 12.86 seconds ________ May 12th, 2024. A.on B.at C.in 6.(2024·福建福州·三模)The “Belt and Road” International Fine Arts Exhibition was held at the Quanzhou Maritime Museum ________ December 9. A.in B.at C.on 7.(2024·福建·三模)World Book Day is ________ April 23rd every year. A.in B.on C.at 8.(2024·福建泉州·二模)—How about taking a high-speed train to Xi’an this summer holiday? —Good idea! It is an ancient city ______ the northwest of China. A.to B.in C.on 9.(2024·福建南平·二模)Our school hosted a study trip ________ March, 2024. A.on B.in C.at 10.(2024·福建三明·二模)There was a level 7.3 earthquake that happened __________ Taiwan on April 3rd, 2024. A.in B.at C.on 二.语法填空 1.(2024·江苏苏州·二模)Nora opened the box. To her surprise, it was a gold watch. 2.(2024·江苏南通·一模) I’m thirsty. I prefer a cup of tea anything in it. 3.(2024·山东青岛·一模)Look at the picture on the right! There is a bridge the river. 4.(2023·吉林松原·模拟预测)He could improve his pronunciation reading aloud. 5.(2023·湖南永州·二模)Don’t wait the end to regret. 6.(2023·湖南永州·三模)We usually buy some things online on November 11th every year a lower price. 7.(2023·湖南永州·二模)We usually don’t have classes at school Sundays. 8.(2023·湖南永州·一模)Tree Planting Day is March 12, we should plant more trees to protect our earth. 9.(2022·吉林·模拟预测) the sun, nothing would grow. 10.(2022·湖南永州·二模)Gu Ailing who was born 2003 is one of the most successful athletes in the world. 11.(2022·吉林·三模)Li Ming runs fastest his classmates. 12.(2022·吉林·一模) your help, the program couldn’t have been so successful. 13.(2022·吉林四平·一模)This CD must belong Lucy. She likes rock music. 14.(2022·湖南永州·模拟预测)I ran with my friend 5:30 yesterday afternoon. 15.(2022·吉林白山·二模)Everyone Bob went on a school trip last Sunday. It was a pity that he was ill in bed. 16.(2022·吉林白城·模拟预测)Lucy is my closest friend. There is no secret her and me. 17.(2022·吉林·一模)I like the sweater yellow. It is so beautiful and cheap. 18.(2022·湖南永州·一模)She spends much time her homework every day. 19.(2022·江苏南通·一模)—Yuzuru Hanyu is always praised as a prince on ice. —In fact, nobody was born good at all things enough practice. 20.(2022·江苏南通·一模)Some hot words, like yyds and emo, are popular young people now. 试卷第1页,共3页 试卷第1页,共3页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 专题1名词、冠词、代词、介词讲练 一.名词 中考考点分布: 一、名词词义辨析(重点) 二、名词的数 三、名词所有格 考点一 名词的分类 英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类: 1.专有名词指特定的或独一无二的人或物(人名、地名、节日、星期、月份、国家名、景观名)。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。 如:Beijing, Tom, English,the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 人名:Tom,Peter,Mr Yang 地名:Europe,New York,People’s Square 节日、月份、星期:Christmas,February,Saturday 注意:有些单词字母的大小写不同,词义也不一样。如: Rose罗斯(姓名)——rose玫瑰花 China中国——china陶瓷或中国(不特指) 2.普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 如:pupil, family, man, foot. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如:box, child, orange;a dog,two dogs,100 dogs 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information . 用量词来计数不可数名词: A glass of water 区分单词可数不可数 可数名词:像表示人或事物的名词和集体名词等。 不可数名词:物质名词或抽象名词。(液体,空气,粉末状) 常见的不可数名词:bread,rice,milk,water,air,advice,homework,money等。 考点二 名词的数 一.英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1.名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下: ①在单数名词词尾加s。 如:map→maps, boy→boys, horse→horses, table→ tables. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es. 如:class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches. 字母o结尾,在后面加s (元音字母a,e,i,o,u) (1)词末为两个元音字母的词 如:zoos,bamboos,coos,radios,studios(艺术家的工作室)。 (2)某些外来词和缩写,加 s.如 photos,solos,pianos,kilos(千克),tobaccos。 ③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。 ——boys 如:family→families, city→cities, party→parties. activity→activities ④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。 如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives. 2.不规则变化: 男人女人a变e, man→men,woman→women 鹅足牙oo变ee, goose→geese,foot→feet,tooth→teeth 老鼠虱子也好记,ous变ic, mouse→mice louse→lice 孩子加上ren,鱼鹿绵羊不用变。 child→children,fish→fish,deer→deer,sheep→sheep 以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数,前后两个名词都变复数,如:manservant→menservants, woman student→women students. 二.不可数名词一般没有复数形式(用is),说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词,不用不定关系a/an修饰。 如:The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。 如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk. 常见的不可数名词 water水,milk 牛奶;juice 果汁;powder粉,rice米饭,salt 盐,food食物,fruit水果,chocolate 巧克力,fish鱼肉,meat 肉,bread面包,paper 纸,exercise 锻炼,information 信息,news 新闻,homework 作业,hair 头发,population人口,money 钱,advice 建议 专题训练 1.So I had to download       (sentence) onto my phone and I listened and practised them again and again.  答案 sentences 考查名词复数。设空句中them指代的是设空处的名词,因此应使用复数形式。故答案为sentences。 2.Skating with Nathan was certainly a better offer than working on the project. He could learn some new    (skill) with the help of Nathan.  答案 skills 考查名词复数。设空处提示词skill是可数名词,根据some可知这里应为名词复数,故填skills。 3.One of my       (cousin) went over to her house and taught her how to use it.  答案 cousins 考查名词复数。one of+可数名词复数,故填cousins。 4.Yuan Longping, the “Father of Hybrid Rice”, won many       (奖) for his rice research.  答案 prizes 考查名词复数。由many可知,此空填可数名词复数。 5.They got him to the back of the line and three big       (女士) said they would watch him and stop him going forward.  答案 ladies 考查名词复数。由three可知,此空用名词复数。 6.He was one of the most cheerful     (man) in the world.  答案 men 考查名词的数。由one of可知设空处用名词复数形式。 7.Bye added that summer camps are important to both kids and       (parent).  答案 parents 考查名词的数。由关键词kids可知,此处应用名词复数形式。 8.At her first concert, she played in a band with many       (adult).  答案 adults 考查名词的数。由关键词many可知设空处用名词复数形式。 9.Jack and Mike are two plants. They are neighbors. One day, Jack’s       (leaf) touch Mike.  答案 leaves leaf是可数名词,根据touch可知应用leaf的复数形式,故填leaves。 考点三 名词的格 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下: (1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如:Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书),men's room (男厕所)。 (2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如:Teachers’ Day(教师节) (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如: today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息), China’s population(中国的人口). (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如: a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿). Jack’s picture= a picture of jack ① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所) ② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) ③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格, 如:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友) 专题训练 1.Three years ago, I paid a visit to my       (uncle) home in Sydney.  答案 uncle’s 考查名词所有格。后面有名词home,因此用名词所有格形式。 2.Suddenly the old woman stopped because she saw the     (stranger)face.  答案 stranger’s 本题考查名词所有格。设空处修饰其后的名词face,即陌生人的脸,face为名词单数。因此答案为stranger’s。 3.He saw that the bus driver was no longer sitting in the       (driver) seat—she had passed out and collapsed(晕倒) on the bus stairs.  答案 driver’s 本题考查名词所有格。设空处提示词driver和其后单词seat之间为所属关系,因此答案是driver’s。 5.In summer, we have two        (month)holiday. It is in July and August.  答案 months’ 本题考查名词所有格。由后句可知,此处表示有两个月的假期,因此用复数名词的所有格months’。 考点四 名词的主谓一致 (1)主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式: 如:The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明) The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷) (2)glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如: The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买) (3)a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如: A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句) (4)there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定(就近原则)。 如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子) There + be (表示有,某地有某物,一种空间关系) There is a table and four chairs in the room. 就近原则 have(表示有,拥有,一种所属关系) I have a table and four chairs in the room. There have 错误的 考点五 名词构词法 名词(构成名词的后缀) 后缀 示例 ­ence某些动词或形容词后面加后缀-ence 构成相应的抽象名词 exist—existence存在; enter(进入)-entrance(入口处) ­ance;-ence,-ancy,-ency某些动词或形容词后面加后缀-ance 构成相应的抽象名词,表示性质或状态 accept—acceptance接受;exist-existence存在;tend-tendency趋势 important(重要的)-importance(重要性) ­tion表示行为的过程或状态 produce—production生产; attract-attraction吸引力 ­sion表示行为的过程 express—expression表达 ­ment;表示行为结果或具体工具 develop—development发展;equip(装备)-equipment(装备,设备) ­ness; 形容词后加后缀-ness blind—blindness失明; cold—coldness(寒冷) ­age;表示状态、总称或场所,物品;费用 marry—marriage婚姻;villa别墅--village村庄; post--postage邮费;short-shortage短缺 ­th;表示状态、性质或动作 warm—warmth温暖;long-length长度;grow-growth生长 ­ure 表示状态、情况或行为的结果 please—pleasure快乐;depart—departure离开; expose-exposure暴露;press-pressure压力 ­dom表示总称、集体、身份、状态 wise—wisdom智慧;bore使厌烦--boredom厌烦 y,-ty,-ity某些形容词后面加-y-ty,-ity 等表示性质状态的后缀,构成抽象名词 difficult(困难的)-difficulty(困难) electric(电的)-electricity(电) -al表示行为、过程或状态 approve-approval赞成;survive-survival存活 -ship表示状态或地位 member-membership会员资格 -er,-or,-ant表示.....的人或物 employ-employ雇主;laugh-laughter笑声;assist-assistant助手 -ist表示......专家,从事......的人 science-scientist科学家;special-specialist专家 -cy表示状态或性质 accurate-accuracy准确性;fluent-fluency流利; 专题训练 1.But today, most people have more than enough.So it may now be harming our       (健康).  答案 health 考查名词。因为前面有our,因此此处用名词形式health。 2.For my       (safe),he did not jump up to greet me, although his moving tail clearly showed that he was happy to see me.  答案 safety 考查名词。形容词性物主代词my后加名词,safety“安全”为不可数名词。故填safety。 3.But today, most people have more than enough.So it may now be harming our       (healthy).  答案 health 考查名词。因为前面有our,因此此处用名词形式health。 4.Every year, it attracts millions of       (visit) from home and abroad.  答案 visitors 本题考查名词的数。设空处提示词是可数名词,设空处前有millions of,因此使用其复数形式。 考点六 易混易错点辨析 易混一:sound,voice,noise sound “声音”,指耳朵能听到的各种声音。e.g. I heard the sound of the bell. voice “嗓音”,指人的说话声。e.g. She has a beautiful voice. noise “噪音”,即心理感受不好的声音。词组:make a noise/make much noise等。 易混二:job,work job “工作”,指长期的职业,可数。 work “工作”,可以作名词或动词。作名词表示“工作”时指一般的事,不可数;作名词表示“作品”时可数。 易混三:a number of,the number of a number of表示“大量的;许多”,谓语动词用复数。 如:A number of people are playing chess. the number of表示“……的数量”,谓语动词用单数。 如:The number of people in the room is 50. 易混四:idea,advice,suggestion idea表示“主意”,可数。 如:a good idea 一个好主意 advice表示“建议;忠告”,不可数。 如:a piece of advice suggestion意同advice,可数。 易混五:news,information,message,instruction news表示“新闻;消息”,不可数。如:two pieces of news information表示“信息”,不可数。如:some information about the Great Wall message表示“便条;口信;短信”,可数。 常用词组:leave a message(留便条); take a message to...(捎口信给……) instruction表示“说明;须知;指令”,可数。 如:some instructions about how and when to take this medicine 易混六:house,family,home house表示“住宅”,指的是具体的房子或建筑物。 family表示“家;家庭”,强调家庭成员。 home意为“家”,带有眷恋等感情色彩,具有抽象意义。 易混七:problem,question problem表示出现的、提出的、需要解决的问题。 question表示问、答的问题。 易混八:floor,ground floor表示室内,车内等的地板。 ground表示室外的地面。 易混九:road,way,street road表示“公路,马路”,较具体; 常用短语:on the road(在路上),across the road(过马路)等。 way表示“路线,方法,方面”,较抽象, 常用短语:in this way(用这种方式), in a way/in some ways(在某些方面), on the/one's way to(在去某地的路上), in the/one's way(挡道,阻碍), the way to(到某地的路)。 street意为“街” 常用短语:in/on the street(在街上),across the street(过街)等。 易混十:reason,cause,excuse reason表示“原因,理由”,常与for连用。 cause表示“起因,导致……的原因”,常与of连用。 excuse表示“借口”,指不存在的理由。 易混十一:population,people,person population表示“人口”,不指具体的人,常用large,big,small 修饰。提问时用“What”。 people表示“人”,一定是复数。提问时用“How many”。 person表示“人”,可以是单数也可以是复数。 中考模拟试题 一.选择填空 1.(2023·福建厦门·三模)—May I have some ________, Dad?   —We’ve eaten all of them. Let’s make some new ones now. A.tea B.pancakes C.salt 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我可以吃些薄煎饼吗,爸爸?——我们已经把它们全吃了。让我们现在做一些新的。 考查可数名词的复数。tea茶,不可数名词;pancakes薄煎饼,可数名词;salt盐,不可数名词。根据“ them;ones” 可知,答题空内需要填一个可数名词,且前面有“some”,因此要填可数名词的复数形式。故选B。 2.(2023·福建·模拟预测)We needn’t buy any CDs for them. ________ children never listen to CDs. A.Most B.Most the C.The most of 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们不需要给他们买CD。大多数孩子从来不听CD。 考查名词的修饰词。根据“... children never listen to CDs”和所给选项可知,此处指大多数孩子;most+名词/most of the+名词“大多数……”,只有A选项符合语法结构。故选A。 3.(2022·福建莆田·一模)Su Bingtian set a new Asian _______ of 9.83 seconds in the Tokyo Olympics Men’s 100m semifinal (半决赛). A.rule B.record C.message 【答案】B 【详解】句意:苏炳添在东京奥运会男子100米半决赛中创造了一个9.83秒的新的亚洲记录。 考查名词辨析。rule规则;recond记录;message信息。根据“9.83 seconds”可知是新的亚洲记录,故选B。 4.(2022·福建福州·一模)Good ________ happens when one person is expressing his ideas and the other is listening carefully, and giving his opinions sometimes. A.celebration B.information C.communication 【答案】C 【详解】句意:良好的沟通发生在一个人表达他的想法,另一个人仔细倾听,有时给出他的意见。 考查名词辨析。celebration庆祝;information信息;communication沟通。根据“when one person is expressing his ideas and the other is listening carefully, and giving his opinions sometimes”可知,形容的是“沟通”,故选C。 5.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模)Mr Smith’s ________ is no better than a wild guess, we don’t need to trust it. A.ceremony B.prediction C.ecosystem 【答案】B 【详解】句意:史密斯先生的预言不过是胡乱猜测,我们不必相信。 考查名词词义辨析。ceremony典礼;prediction预言;ecosystem生态系统。根据“we don’t need to trust it”可知,这里指史密斯先生的预言是胡乱猜测,故选B。 二.语法填空 1.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)The toy models at the store are not only for but also for adults. (child) 【答案】children 【详解】句意:商店里的玩具模型不仅适合儿童,也适合成人。设空处和adults构成并列结构,因此需要用名词的复数形式children。故填children。 2.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)The headmaster made a wonderful on the school Open Day yesterday. (speak) 【答案】speech 【详解】句意:昨天学校开放日,校长做了一个精彩的演讲。speak意为 “发言,说话,讲话”,是动词原形,其名词形式为speech,意为 “演讲”,made a wonderful speech意为 “发表了精彩的演讲”,符合语境。故填speech。 3.(2025·上海闵行·一模)The fact that I didn’t have enough experience was really a big . (vantage) 【答案】disadvantage 【详解】句意:事实上,我没有足够的经验是一个很大的劣势。根据“The fact that I didn’t have enough experience was really a big”可知,横线处需填名词单数,此处表达“我没有足够的经验是一个很大的劣势”。“vantage”意为“优势”,名词,其反义词为disadvantage。故填disadvantage。 4.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)Lucy bought several as gifts for her friends, each with its own design. (scarf) 【答案】scarves 【详解】句意:露西买了几条围巾作为礼物送给她的朋友,每条都有自己的设计。scarf“围巾”是可数名词,several后加复数名词,scarf的复数形式是scarves。故填scarves。 5.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)Elsie usually asks her friend for a when she can’t figure out the puzzle. (solve) 【答案】solution 【详解】句意:当埃尔西想不出这个谜题时,她通常会向她的朋友寻求解决办法。根据“Elsie usually asks her friend for a”可知,设空处应该填名词,solution“解决办法”,a接可数名词单数。故填solution。 6.(24-25九年级上·上海闵行·期末)It’s our family to exchange gifts on New Year’s Eve. (traditional) 【答案】tradition 【详解】句意:在除夕交换礼物是我们家的传统。根据“It’s our family ...”和所给词汇可知,此空需填名词单数,traditional意为 “传统的”,形容词,其名词形式为tradition。故填tradition。 7.(24-25九年级上·上海闵行·期末)Pan and his teammates were treated as when they came back to China.(hero) 【答案】heroes 【详解】句意:当潘和他的队友返回中国,他们被看作是英雄。根据“Pan and his teammates were treated as...when they came back to China.”可知,潘和他的队友们被看作是英雄,hero“英雄”,用复数形式heroes。故填heroes。 8.(2024·云南昆明·一模)After a two-hour discussion, they finally reached an on how to carry on online study. (agree) 【答案】agreement 【详解】句意:经过两个小时的讨论,他们终于就如何进行在线学习达成了一致。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处应填入名词作宾语,agree的名词形式为agreement,为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且空前有不定冠词an修饰,故应用其单数形式。故填agreement。 9.(2024·云南昆明·一模)Every years, thousands of come to Yunnan to enjoy the beauty of nature. (visit) 【答案】visitors 【详解】句意:每年都有成千上万的游客来云南欣赏大自然的美丽。根据“…come to Yunnan to enjoy the beauty of nature”的语境可知,此处指游客来云南欣赏大自然的美丽,visitor“游客”符合,根据空前的“thousands of”可知,此处应用复数形式visitors。故填visitors。 10.(2024·云南昆明·一模)Zheng Qinwen’s excellent achievements in tennis make her the of our nation. (proud) 【答案】pride 【详解】句意:郑钦文在网球上的卓越成就使她成为我们国家的骄傲。根据“make her the...of our nation”可知,空处需填入一个名词,pride“骄傲”,不可数名词,the pride of our nation“我们国家的骄傲”。故填pride。 11.(2023·甘肃陇南·三模)She agreed to take part in Tom’s birthday (celebrate). 【答案】celebration 【详解】句意:她同意参加汤姆的生日庆典。根据“She agreed to take part in Tom’s birthday”可知,此处需要填入名词形式celebration“庆祝”,此处指的汤姆的生日庆典,填名词单数。故填celebration。 12.(2024·云南德宏·一模)The movie Chang An tells about some poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Wang Wei. (story) 【答案】stories 【详解】句意:电影《长安》讲述了一些诗人的故事,如李白、杜甫和王维。story“故事”,可数名词;因空格前没有限定词,故应用名词复数,story的复数为stories。故填stories。 13.(24-25八年级上·全国·课后作业)Tourists can see many western-style (build) in Shanghai Disneyland. 【答案】buildings 【详解】句意:游客可以在上海迪士尼乐园看到许多西方风格的建筑。根据“many western-style...”可知,此处表示许多西方风格的建筑,build“建造”,动词,其名词为building“建筑物”,many后面接可数名词复数,故填buildings。 14.(2024·江苏南京·三模)So if you want to become a (science) when you grow up, English can help you go a long way in your future study. 【答案】scientist 【详解】句意:所以如果你想在长大后成为一名科学家,英语可以在你未来的学习中帮助你走得更远。根据“if you want to become a ....(science) when you grow up”可知,这里需要填入一个表示职业的名词。science是“科学”的意思,其对应的职业名词是scientist,表示“科学家”,a后跟单数名词。故填scientist。 15.(2024·甘肃酒泉·三模)I enjoy the warm weather because it’s perfect to do outdoor (activity). 【答案】activities 【详解】句意:我喜欢温暖的天气,因为它非常适合做户外活动。activity“活动”,此处应用名词复数表泛指,故填activities。 16.(2024·甘肃酒泉·三模)Tim refused Jacky’s (invite) because they had an argument yesterday. 【答案】invitation 【详解】句意:蒂姆拒绝了杰克的邀请,因为他们昨天吵架了。根据“Jacky’s”可知,Jacky’s是名词所有格形式,意为“……的”,其后应接名词,因此空处应填提示单词invite的名词形式invitation“邀请”。故填invitation。 17.(2024·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·二模)She had a bad and broke her leg because of the heavy snow. (fall) 【答案】fall 【详解】句意:因为大雪,她重重地摔了一跤,摔断了腿。a后接可数名词的单数形式,结合提示词可知,空格处应填名词fall“跌倒”。故填fall。 18.(2024·云南昆明·二模)The beautiful painting is made from grass, leaves and . (flower) 【答案】flowers 【详解】句意:这幅美丽的画是由草、树叶和花制成的。flower“花”,可数名词。此处泛指花,所以空格处应填flower的复数形式flowers。故填flowers。 19.(2024·江苏扬州·三模)A friend of the is coming to see him. (invent) 【答案】inventor/inventor’s 【详解】句意:这位发明家的一位朋友要来看他。根据“A friend of the”可知是指这位发明家的一位朋友,inventor“发明家”,A friend of the inventor着重说明他是发明家的唯一一个朋友;A friend of the inventor’s着重说明发明家不止他一个朋友,两种情况此题都符合,故填inventor/inventor’s。 20.(2024·江苏扬州·二模)A famous saying goes like this, “Mind in peace brings you real .”(happy) 【答案】happiness 【详解】句意:有句名言是这样说的:“心平气和,幸福才真实。”由“ brings you real...”可知需填名词作宾语;happy开心的,形容词,对应名词是happiness,不可数。故填happiness。 二.冠词 中考考查重点: 一、冠词的用法; 二、不用冠词的情况; 考点1 冠词的分类 分类 说明 例子 不定冠词 a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前 a gift 一份礼物,a plane 一架飞机,a useful book 一本有用的书 an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前 an hour 一小时,an apple 一个苹果,an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩 定冠词 the 只有一种形式,一般用于特指 the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔,the Chinese movie 那部中国影片 考点2 冠词的基本用法 一、 不定冠词a、an的用法 1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前,泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别: (1)若随后的单词以辅音音素开头,用 a。如:a lot of,a good idea,a pear。 (2)若随后的单词以元音音素开头,用 an。如:an example,an orange,an apple。 专题训练 1.Several years ago, I worked for       English newspaper which was doing such research.  答案 an 考查冠词。设空处修饰其后的English newspaper,由语境可知,此处表泛指,又因English以元音音素开头,因此设空处填不定冠词an。 2.He could learn some new skills with the help of Nathan. It would be       exciting experience.  答案 an 考查冠词。在本句中,名词experience“经历,体验”是可数名词,此处表泛指,即一次令人兴奋的经历/体验,exciting为元音音素开头的单词,故使用不定冠词an。 3.Ed went to study art in Paris and became       artist.  答案 an 考查冠词。这里为泛指,表示一名艺术家,所以填不定冠词,且artist以元音音素开头,因此答案是an。 4.Your best friend is telling you       joke, but you can’t catch it!  答案 a 本题考查不定冠词。tell a joke 讲笑话。 5.In the kitchen,there was       surprise for Claudio—his favorite pancakes.  答案 a 本题考查冠词。此处表泛指,且surprise以辅音音素开头,故填a。 6.What’s amazing is that Beth hasn’t ever been to       drum lesson.   答案 a 本题考查冠词。此处表示泛指,且drum以辅音音素开头,故填a。 二、定冠词the的用法 用法 例子 1. 用于特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。 This is the city where my grandfather once lived. 2. 用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。 Would you mind my opening the window? 3. 用于复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用"a或an",以后再次提到用"the") Jim lives in a small village. In the village, there is an old tree. 4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。 Spring is the first season of a year. This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen. 5. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前。 in the east 在东方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部 6.用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。 the sun, the moon, play the piano 7.用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。 The Turners are at breakfast table. 8.与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。 The young should help the old. 9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great Wall, the United States 10用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 13. 用在某些固定的表达法。 in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 in the world 在世界上 all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 在去……去的路上 专题训练 1.But with social⁃distancing(社交距离)rules in       United States, many summer camps face difficult decisions.  答案 the 考查冠词。the United States美国。 2.For       first time in his life, Mr Happy lost his smile.  答案 the 句意:Happy先生第一次失去了他的笑容。考查冠词。for the first time为固定搭配。 3.I took him to       computer in my room and said,“Right here.”   答案 the 考查冠词。设空处后的 computer有介词短语in my room修饰,因此设空处使用定冠词。 4.Although the Olympic Winter Games may not have as many players as the Olympic Summer Games, they share       same Olympic spirit.  答案 the 本题考查冠词。固定短语the same意为“同样”,故填the。 5.Once we tried to burn chemicals,       chemicals produced many colors of flames (火焰),including bright orange and dark green.  答案 the 本题考查冠词。根据burn chemicals可知,此处第二次提到chemicals,因此用定冠词the。故填the。 三、不用冠词的情况 用法 例子 1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。 Paper is made of wood. 2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。 Go along this road. Every student likes English in our class. 3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 My parents are teachers. 4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。 Today is Children’s Day. It’s hot in summer. 5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。 He went to school without breakfast. Let’s play football after school. 6.在某些固定短语中。 in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school 中考模拟试题 一.选择填空 1.(2024·福建福州·三模)Peter never tells a lie. He is such ________ honest boy that all of us like him. A.an B.a C.the 【答案】A 【详解】句意:彼得从不撒谎。他是一个如此诚实的男孩,以至于我们所有人都喜欢他。 考查冠词用法。根据“such...honest boy”可知,此处泛指一个诚实的男孩,honest以元音音素开头,其前用不定冠词an。故选A。 2.(2024·福建厦门·二模)You can be just ________ one you want to be, a doctor, a firefighter or a postman. A.a B.an C.the 【答案】C 【详解】句意:你可以成为你想成为的人,医生、消防员或邮递员。 考查冠词。a不定冠词,用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,表泛指;an不定冠词,用在以元音音素开头的单词前,表泛指;the定冠词,表特指。根据空后的“you want to be”可知,此处表示特指的含义。故选C。 3.(2024·福建厦门·三模)Eric is ________ honest boy because he never tells lies. A.the B.an C.a 【答案】B 【详解】句意:埃里克是一个诚实的孩子,因为他从来不说谎。 考查冠词。the定冠词,表特指;an不定冠词,表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;a不定冠词,表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。根据句意可知,此处表示泛指的含义,应用不定冠词;根据空后的“honest”是以元音音素开头的单词可知,此处应用an。故选B。 4.(2024·福建厦门·二模)The soup is tasteless. Pass me __________ salt over there, please. A.a B.an C.the 【答案】C 【详解】句意:汤没味道。请将那边的盐递给我。 考查冠词用法。根据“salt over there”可知是特指那边的盐,用定冠词the。故选C。 5.(2024·福建宁德·二模)Youdao Dictionary is ________ useful tool for English learners. A.a B.an C.the 【答案】A 【详解】句意:有道词典是英语学习者的一个有用的工具。 考查冠词用法。a表泛指,不定冠词,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an表泛指,不定冠词,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the表特指,定冠词。根据“…useful tool”可知,此处是指一个有用的工具,应用不定冠词表示泛指,且useful是以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a修饰。故选A。 二.语法填空 1.(2023·湖南永州·二模)—Do you know the official motto of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, Lin Tao? —Yes, it’s “Together for Shared Future”. 【答案】a 【详解】句意:——林涛,你知道北京2022年冬奥会的官方口号是什么吗?——是的。它是“一起向未来”。Future在此处是抽象名词具体化了,所以是泛指“一个”,且Shared以辅音音素开头,所以用不定冠词a,故填a。 2.(2023·湖南永州·二模)ChatGPT is great step in science and technology. 【答案】a 【详解】句意:ChatGPT是科学技术的一大进步。空格后为名词“step”,故空格处应填不定冠词表示“一”的概念,great以辅音音素开头,故应用不定冠词a,故填a。 3.(2023·湖南永州·三模)Although Tom is only 8-year-old boy, he can do lots of housework. 【答案】an 【详解】句意: 虽然汤姆只是一个8岁的男孩,但他能做很多家务。此处是泛指一个8岁的男孩,应用不定冠词,8是以元音音素开头,应用an。故填an。 4.(2023·湖南常德·二模)I want to be artist because I like painting very much. 【答案】an 【详解】句意:我想成为一名艺术家,因为我非常喜欢绘画。artist“艺术家”是可数名词单数形式,此处指“一名艺术家”,且artist是元音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词an修饰,故填an。 5.(2023·湖南永州·二模)Where’s my shirt, Mum? It’s on chair in your room, maybe. 【答案】the 【详解】句意:妈妈,我的衬衫在哪里?也许在你房间的椅子上。此处特指房间的椅子上,用定冠词the,故填the。 6.(2023·湖南永州·一模)In China, it’s impolite to hit empty bowl with your chopsticks. 【答案】an 【详解】句意:在中国,用筷子打空碗是不礼貌的。名词bowl是可数名词单数,前面需用不定冠词限定,empty是元音音素开头,应用an。故填an。 7.(2023·湖南永州·一模)Lucy is such honest girl that we all believe in her. 【答案】an 【详解】句意:露西是一个非常诚实的女孩,我们都信任她。根据“girl ”是单数名词可知,此处指“一个女孩”,且空后honest是以元音音素开头,所以不定冠词用an。故填an。 8.(2023·湖南永州·一模)You can trust Tom. He is honest boy. 【答案】an 【详解】句意:你可以相信汤姆。他是个诚实的孩子。此处是表示泛指,且honest以元音音素开头,应用an。故填an。 9.(2023·湖南永州·一模)It is useful invention. 【答案】a 【详解】句意:这是一项有用的发明。invention“发明”,可数名词单数,前面应该使用冠词a/an修饰,useful开头为辅音音素。故填a。 10.(2022·湖南永州·二模)July 1st, 2021 is 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. 【答案】the 【详解】句意:2021年7月1日是中国共产党成立100周年。根据“100th anniversary”可知,在序数词前应用定冠词the来限定。故填the。 三、代词 代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词和疑问代词等。代词几乎是每年中考的考查部分,近三年中考的考查仍集中在不定代词上,所考题量占所考代词的 60% 以上。试题注重语境和情境,要求能够根据真实的语言环境运用各类代词。 考点一 人称代词 1、 人称代词:人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。 I like him. 主语 谓语 宾语 代词充当主语的时候用主格,充当宾语的时候用宾格。 人称代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称   单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 汉语 我 我们 你 你们 他 她 它 他们 主格 I  we  you  you  he  she   it they  宾格 me  us  you  you  him  her  it  them  (1)主格用来作句子的主语。如: I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) (2)宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。 如:Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?) We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信) (3)人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如:--Who is it?(是谁?) –It’s I/me.(是我。) (4)三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如: Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿?) –You and me.(你和我) 人称代词中几个注意的情况: 第一人称单数代词 " I(我)" 不论在什么地方都要大写。 I study English every day.我天天学习英语。 " she "常常代替国家,城市,宠物等,表示一种亲密或爱抚的感情。 I live in China。She is a great country.我住在中国.她是一个伟大的国家。 " it " 可指身份不清人、天气、环境、时间。可用作形式主语、形式宾语或强调句型。 It's me. Open the door,please.是我,请开门。 " they " 有时代替一般人. They say you are good at computer.他们说你精通计算机。 考点二 物主代词 物主代词:说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。 物主代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称   单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 汉语 我的 我们的 你的 你们的 他的 她的 它的 他们的 形容词性 my  our  your  your  his  her  its  their  名词性 mine  ours  yours  yours  his  hers  its  theirs  (1)形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如: Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗?) I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) They are their books.(是他们的书) (2)名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如: This is your cup,but where is my cup(mine)?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿?) Your classroom is very big, but ours(our classroom) is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小) (3)“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如: A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。) [试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。) 考点三 反身代词 反身代词:表示我自己,你自己,他自己,我们自己,你们自己,他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。 反身代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称   单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 汉语 我自己 我们自己 你自己 你们自己 他自己 她自己 它自己 他们自己 myself  ourselves  yourself  yourselves  himself  herself  itself  themselves  反身代词第一,二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加 "-self " (复数加 -selves )构成。 第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式-self(复数加 -selves )构成。 (1)反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如: Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的) (2)在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如: The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好) help oneself用法 用作招呼客人吃东西时的客套话,其意为“请随便吃”“请吃”。 Help yourself to the fruit. 吃点水果吧。 Make yourself at home, and help yourself to anything you like. 请不要拘束,喜欢吃什么就吃什么。 enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun用法 自我欣赏,自娱;玩得痛快,过得愉快。 Did you enjoy yourself of the party?你在宴会上愉快吗? "enjoy oneself doing sth"=have fun doing sth.表示做某件事情非常的开心,陶醉于做某事,侧重于表现在“做什么”。 The girl enjoy herself playing in the garden. 专题训练 1.And the children next to you enjoy       (they), singing and laughing.  答案 themselves 本句中设空处与enjoy构成短语,enjoy oneself玩得高兴,过得愉快。 2.Thanks to       (they) hard work, the first irrigation(灌溉)network in the world appeared.   答案 their 设空处后出现了名词work,因此使用形容词性物主代词。 3.Will's friends could hear       (he) reporting the emergency.   答案 him 设空处前是谓语动词could hear,设空处作谓语动词的宾语,因此要使用人称代词的宾格形式。 4.The curator(馆长) was proud to have such a painting in       (he) museum and congratulated John on his discovery.  答案 his 句意:馆长因为在他的博物馆里有这样一幅画而自豪,并且祝贺John的这一发现。设空处修饰其后的名词museum,因此使用形容词性物主代词。 5.When the old lady got in, Andrea could see that she was in a long dress and had a hat pulled down low over       (she) eyes.  答案 her 设空处修饰其后的名词eyes,因此使用形容词性物主代词。 6.My father said if I couldn't make fifty rupees today,he wouldn't allow       (I) to eat anything.   答案 me 设空处作谓语动词wouldn't allow的宾语,因此使用人称代词的宾格形式。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。 7.—Is that your car? —No, m       is parked over the road.   答案 mine 句意:——那是你的车吗?——不是,我的车停在马路对面。本题考查物主代词。设空处作主语,故用名词性物主代词mine。 8.Ms. Yang said she based the boy on a student of       (她的)years ago.   答案 hers 句意:杨女士说她是以数年前她的一个学生为原型来创作这个男孩的角色的。本题考查代词。设空处后没有名词,因此使用名词性物主代词。 考点四 指示代词 指示代词: 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。 单数 复数 含义 this(这个) these(这些) 指较近的人和物 that(那个) those(那些) 指较远的人和物 such (这样的人/物) 指上文提过的人和物 same (同样的人/物) 指和上文提过的相同的人和物 it (这人/这物) 指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时 指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。如: What’s this?(这是什么?) That model plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句) Remember never to do such things.(记得永远不要做这样的事情) Do the same as the teacher tells you. (按老师说的做) ---Who is it?(是谁?) ---It’s me!(是我!) 考点五 疑问代词 疑问代词:表示“谁(who),谁 (whom),谁的(whose),什么(what),哪个或哪些 (which)”等词叫疑问代词。关系代词:用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词, 连接代词:用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。英语中连接代词主要有:what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁的)。 考点六 不定代词 不定代词:没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词,常用不定代词如下: 单数 含义 some any no none / / each (every) one either, neither so the other, another 复合不 定代词 不可数 含义 much little, a little all / / / / / 复数 含义 many few, a few ones both others, the others 注:复合不定代词有16个:something, someone, somebody somewhere,anything, anyone, anybody, nothing,nobody, no one, everything, everyone, everybody,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere. (1)some和 any 的用法: some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。 如:There are some apples on the table. / There is some water in the bottle. some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如:Would you like some coffee with sugar? any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如:They didn’t have any friends here. / Have you got any questions to ask? any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend. (2)all和both的用法: all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词;也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。 both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。 (3)every和each用法: every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念; each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念; every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。 如:Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干) (4)either和neither的用法: either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”;neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个中的每一个都不”。 neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。 如:I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行) --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐公车去还是坐轿车去?一个都不坐,我坐火车去。) either…or…或者,或者; 不是,就是neither…nor…既不,也不 拓展 1.若连接两个单数数名词/代词作主语,后面动词用单数。 Either Mary or Lucy is coming. 不是玛丽来,就是露西来。 2.若连接两个复数名词/代词作主语,后面动词用复数。 Neither my parents nor my grandparents are coming. 我的父母不来,我的爷爷奶奶也不来。 3.如果一个单数名词/代词和一个复数名词/代词一起作主语时,动词的单复数形式必须和最靠近的一个主语保持一致。(就近原则) Either my parents or Lucy is coming. 不是我的父母来,就是露西来。 There__is___ a book and two pens on the table. Neither my parents nor Lucy is coming. 我的父母和露西都没来。 (5) one, other、the other和another的用法: One........another(再一个) This one is broken. Please give me another. one........the other I have two pens. One is blue. The other (pen) is black. one........the others some........the others some........others Some students like English and other students (others) like physics. (6) many,much,a few,a little,few,little 许多 有一些,有一点 几乎没有 修饰可数名词 many (boys) a few few (boys) 修饰不可数名词 much (milk) a little little (milk) (7) 复合不定代词 somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing,where,one 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。 some 一般用于肯定句中;any一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。 修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如:Do you want to eat something special? 专题训练 1.Mike decides to do    (anything). He produces chemicals(化学物质).  答案 something 肯定句中不定代词应用something,故填something。 2.Suppose you saw a big bag left behind by someone on the street. There was       (没有人) around you.  答案 nobody 句意:假设你看见大街上有人落下一个大袋子。你的周围没有人。本题考查不定代词。根据汉语提示可知答案为nobody。 3.      (两者都不) of the twin sisters likes the cheesecake because it is too sweet.  答案 Neither 句意:这对双胞胎姐妹都不喜欢奶酪蛋糕,因为它太甜了。本题考查不定代词。 中考模拟试题 一.选择填空 1.(2024·福建福州·三模)He has tried many ways to solve this problem, but ________ of them works. A.none B.either C.neither 【答案】A 【详解】句意:他尝试了许多方法来解决这个问题,但没有一个奏效。 考查代词辨析。none都不(三者或三者以上);either两者中的任一;neither两者都不。根据“He has tried many ways...”可知,此处表示三者以上,表示三者或者三者以上的否定用none。故选A。 2.(2024·福建莆田·一模)—All the books here are useful to you. Which one do you like best? —________. I’m too busy to read these days. A.Neither B.None C.Either 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——这里所有的书对你都有用。你最喜欢哪一本?——都没有。我最近太忙了,无暇阅读。 考查不定代词。Neither两者都不;None没有一个,毫无,用于三个或更多的选择中;Either两个选择中任意一个。在这个对话中,“All the books”指的是三本或更多的书,所以使用“None”是最合适的。故选B。 3.(2024·福建厦门·二模)________ thought he could hold on. However, he won the game at last. A.Everybody B.Somebody C.Nobody 【答案】C 【详解】句意:没人认为他能坚持住。然而,他最终赢得了比赛。 考查代词辨析。Everybody每个人;Somebody某人;Nobody没有人。根据“thought he could hold on. However, he won the game at last.”可知转折词前表示没有人认为他能坚持住。故选C。 4.(2024·福建厦门·三模)—Which film would you like to watch tonight, You Only Live Once or Article 20? — ________ is OK. Both of them are good movies. A.Neither B.Either C.Both 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——今晚你想看哪部电影,《热辣滚烫》还是《第20条》? ——都可以。它们都是好电影。 考查代词辨析。neither两者都不;either(两者中的)任何一个;both两者都。根据“Both of them are good movies.”可知,这两部电影都可以,排除A选项。谓语动词“is”是单数,而both作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式,排除C。故选B。 5.(2024·福建厦门·二模)I tried many ways to solve the problem, but __________ of them worked. A.either B.none C.neither 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我尝试了很多方法来解决这个问题,但都没有奏效。 考查代词辨析。either两者之一;none全都不;neither两者都不。根据“I tried many ways to solve the problem, but...of them worked.”可知转折词后表示这些方法都不奏效,表示“全都不”用none。故选B。 6.(2024·福建宁德·二模)—Helen, have you ever been to the Fujian Provincial Museum with Jane? —________ of us has. We plan to go there next week. A.Either B.Neither C.None 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——海伦,你和简去过福建省博物馆吗? ——我们都没有。我们计划下周去那里。 考查不定代词。Either两中其一;Neither两者都不;None三者或三者以上都不。根据“Helen, have you ever been to the Fujian Provincial Museum with Jane?”可知,此处是指海伦和简两个人,排除C;再根据“We plan to go there next week.”可知,此处是指两人都没有去,计划下周去,排除A。故选B。 7.(2024·福建厦门·二模)—What a lovely soft toy! Whose is it? —It’s ________. It is Loong Chenchen, the official mascot (吉祥物) of the 2024 Spring Festival Gala. A.mine B.my C.me 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——多么可爱的毛绒玩具!这是谁的?——是我的。它是龙辰辰,2024年春晚的官方吉祥物。 考查名词性物主代词。mine我的,名词性物主代词; my我的;形容词性物主代词; me我,宾格。根据“Whose is it?”可知,空处是指“我的毛绒玩具”,空后无名词,用名词性物主代词。故选A。 8.(2024·福建厦门·二模)—Shall we go to Wuyi Mountain or Qingyuan Mountain this weekend? —________ is OK, as long as we can get close to the nature. A.Both B.Either C.Neither 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——这个周末我们去武夷山还是去清远山?——都可以,只要能接近自然就好。 考查代词辨析。both两者都;either两者中的任意一个;neither两者都不。根据“as long as we can get close to the nature.”可知,去武夷山和去清远山都可以,结合be动词is可知,both不符合,应用either,故选B。 9.(2024·福建福州·三模)—Bob always keeps ________ room tidy. —Yes. He really sets a good example for us. A.he B.him C.his 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——鲍勃总是保持房间整洁。——是的。他真的为我们树立了一个好榜样。 考查代词辨析。he他,主格;him他,宾格;his他的,形容词性物主代词。根据空后的名词“room”可知,应用形容词性物主代词修饰。故选C。 10.(2024·福建泉州·三模)—How can we go to the library this Sunday, by bike or on foot? —________ is OK. It’s up to you. A.Both B.Neither C.Either 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——这个星期天我们怎么去图书馆,骑自行车还是步行?——任何一种都可以。这取决于你。 考查代词辨析。both两者都;neither两者都不;either(两者之中)任意一个。根据“is”和“It’s up to you”可知,两种中任何一个都可以,故选C。 11.(2024·福建福州·二模)—Have you finished your work yet?         —No, not yet. I think it’ll take ten  ________ minutes. A.another B.more C.other 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你完成工作了吗?——不,还没有。我想还需要十分钟。 考查代词辨析。another三者及以上的另一个;more更多;other其他的,表泛指。根据“I think it’ll take ten…minutes.”可知,此处指的是“还需要十分钟”,another+基数词+名词=基数词+more+名词,意为“还要……”。因此此处用more。故选B。 二.语法填空 1.(2023·云南德宏·一模)In my spare time, I often listen to music to relax . (I) 【答案】myself 【详解】句意:在业余时间,我经常听音乐来放松自己。根据“I often listen to music to relax”可知,此处指“放松我自己”,表示“某人自己”用反身代词,I的反身代词为myself。故填myself。 2.(2024·上海奉贤·一模)The door will open when people come close to it. (It) 【答案】itself 【详解】句意:当人们靠近它时,门会自动打开。分析句子结构可知,此处用反身代词itself强调动作是由主语自己完成的。故填itself。 3.(2020·云南普洱·二模)Deng Yaping taught (she) English after she left the table tennis team. 【答案】herself 【详解】句意:邓亚萍离开乒乓球队后自学英语。teach oneself“自学”,she的反身代词herself,意为“她自己”。故填herself。 4.(2024·云南德宏·一模)We are really proud that we cooked all the dishes by . (we) 【答案】ourselves 【详解】句意:我们真的很自豪,所有的菜都是我们自己做的。by oneself“独自”,we对应的反身代词为ourselves,意为“我们自己”。故填ourselves。 5.(2024·云南昆明·三模)The film YOLO (热辣滚烫) tells us how a kind woman tries to challenge and love (her). 【答案】herself 【详解】句意:电影《热辣滚烫》告诉了我们一位善良的女性如何努力挑战自己和爱自己。根据“how a kind woman tries to challenge and love...(her)”可知,此处指爱自己,空处应用her的反身代词herself“她自己”。故填herself。 6.(2024·江苏扬州·三模)Everyone makes mistakes. What you should do is to accept them and treat them as chances to improve (you), boys and girls. 【答案】yourselves 【详解】句意:每个人都会犯错。你应该做的是接受他们,并将他们视为提高自己的机会,男孩女孩们。根据“What you should do is to accept them and treat them as chances to improve”可知是提高自己,根据“boys and girls”可知此处用反身代词yourselves“你们自己”。故填yourselves。 7.(2024·江苏南京·三模)Students have to keep improving (they), or they will fall behind. 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意:学生必须不断提高自己,否则就会落后。动词improve后面需要接一个宾语,结合提示词及句意可知,宾语应该是反身代词themselves,指“他们自己”。故填themselves。 8.(2024·西藏日喀则·二模)Every time Jim climbed a mountain, he felt proud of (him). 【答案】himself 【详解】句意:每次Jim爬上一座山,他都为自己感到骄傲。此句主语是“he”,宾语和主语指同一人时,应用反身代词“himself”。故填himself。 9.(2024·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·二模)The red umbrella is mine and the blue one belongs to . (he) 【答案】him 【详解】句意:红色的伞是我的,蓝色的那把伞属于他。设空处前是介词to,填he的宾格形式him“他”,故填him。 10.(2024·甘肃陇南·三模)All the students enjoyed (they) and showed their talents in the Art Festival. 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意:在艺术节上,所有的学生都玩得很开心,并展示了他们的才华。enjoy oneself“玩得开心”,为固定短语,they的反身代词为themselves。故填themselves。 11.(2024·四川达州·一模)This book belongs to you. Where is (me)? 【答案】mine 【详解】句意:这本书是你的。我的(书)呢?此处表示“我的书”,空格后无名词,应填名词性物主代词mine,故填mine。 12.(2024·云南楚雄·三模)This is favorite park to visit on weekends. (we) 【答案】our 【详解】句意:这是我们周末最喜欢去的公园。根据“This is...favorite park to visit on weekends.”可知,空后是名词“favorite park”,空处应填入we的形容词性物主代词our“我们的”。故填our。 13.(2024·江苏淮安·三模)After hearing the bad news, she took a deep breath to calm (she) down. 【答案】herself 【详解】句意:在听到这个坏消息后,她深呼吸让她自己冷静下来。主语是she,此处是让她自己冷静,用反身代词,she的反身代词为herself“她自己”。故填herself。 14.(2024·甘肃天水·二模)David has a horse with a white mark on (it) head. 【答案】its 【详解】句意:大卫有一匹头上有白色印记的马。结合提示词和空后的名词“head”可知,空格处应填形容词性物主代词its “它的”,表示所属关系。故填its。 15.(2024·云南曲靖·二模)Nowadays most kids are smart enough to teach how to go online. (they) 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意:如今,大多数孩子都足够聪明,能够自学如何上网。根据“Nowadays most kids are smart enough to teach…how to go online.”可知是指他们能够自学如何上网。teach oneself“自学”,themselves“他们自己”,故填themselves。 16.(2024·云南楚雄·三模)Kids, you should remember to take a good look at before you judge others. (you) 【答案】yourselves 【详解】句意:孩子们,在评判别人之前,你们应该记得好好审视自己。 根据“Kids, you should remember to take a good look at…before you judge others. ”及所给单词可知此处要填you的反身代词,表示你们自己。故填yourselves。 17.(2024·上海杨浦·三模)Kids, you should learn to look after when we’re not at home. (your) 【答案】yourselves 【详解】句意:孩子们,当我们不在家时,你们应该学会照顾你们自己。look after oneself“照顾自己”,your对应的反身代词是yourself和yourselves,由“kids”可知此处用复数形式,故填yourselves。 18.(2024·西藏日喀则·一模)Nobody taught the old lady to use WeChat. She learned it by (she). 【答案】herself 【详解】句意:没人教这位老太太用微信。她是自学的。by oneself“独自”,这里应用反身代词herself“她自己”。故填herself。 19.(2024·四川遂宁·一模)Teenagers should be encouraged to make decisions by (them). 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意:应该鼓励青少年自己做决定。此处指“自己做决定”,by oneself“独自”,此处用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 20.(2024·黑龙江双鸭山·二模)The C919, China’s self-developed large passenger plane, made (it) first commercial (商业的) flight from Shanghai to Beijing in May 2023. 【答案】its 【详解】句意:C919是中国自主研发的大型客机,于2023年5月首次从上海飞往北京。由序数词前加限定词及提示词it可知,空处填形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 四、介词 中考考查重点: 1. 介词辨析; 2. 介词短语辨析。 介词是一种虚词,它不能单独担任句子成分,必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语,才能担任句子成分。 考点一 时间介词 in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后 on在(某日) at在… (时刻) during在…期间 before在…以前 after在…以后 from从…(时)起(to ) by到…为止(by far,by now) about大约... until直到…时 for有…(之久) since自从…(至今) ⑴ 时间介词in、on、at的用法区别: 表示时间时, in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后in 10 days), 用in来表示一天中的早中晚,月份,季节或年份 in the morning/afternoon/evening在早晨,下午,晚上 in January/February在一月,二月 in Spring在春天 in 2020 在2020年 in the 1990s 在十九世纪九十年代 I usually get up at 7:00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七点钟起床) on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, 表示在星期几/某日 on Monday :在星期一 on January fifth:在1月5日 on Christmas Day :在圣诞节那一天 也可用at Christmas on New Year's Day:在新年那天 on Friday morning/on a cold/warm/hot/cool morning 如:He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/ 用 at 来表示在某一刻: at dawn/daybreak:在黎明 at six:在6点钟  at night/midnight:在晚上/午夜 用 at 来表示在……岁时 at sixteen/at the age of sixteen :16岁的时候 in年in月on日期 at在具体时刻 from 从什么时候,from...to... for...一段时间 I have lived here for 10 years. 考点二 方位介词 in在...里面 on在...上面 at在…处 between在...之间 over在....上方(正) under在...下方 above在…前 below低于... in front of在...前 behind在...后, up在...上面 near靠近... around在…周围 among在…中间 along在…近旁, 中间 by在...旁 against倚着... beside在...旁边 across在…对面 close to靠近... 1.方位介词at ,in, on, to, at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在„„附近,旁边”。arrive in 大地点(城市以上) arrive at 小地点(城市以下) in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在„范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻,接壤,“在„„上面”。 to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤;或“到……” next to 2.方位介词above,over,on 在……上 above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对; over指垂直的上方(正上方),与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk. 3.below,under 在...下面 under表示在...正下方 below表示在...下,不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line. 4.in front of,in the front of在...前面 in front of…意思是“在...前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括;其反义词是behind(在„„的后面)。 There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。) in the front of 意思是“在...的前部”,即甲物在乙物的前部.反义词是at the back of…(在„„范围内的后部)。 There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。 Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里) 考点三 方式介词 as作为/当作... by用/由/乘坐/被... in用…(语言) like与…一样 on骑(车)/徒(步), 通过(收音机/电视机) through通过... with用(材料), 用(手/脚/耳/眼) without没有… over通过(收音机) by、in与with表示方式的用法区别:都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者;in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。with表示行为动作的工具,后面的名词一般要有冠词;by表示动作的手段,后面的名词一律不带冠词。 如:We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路) Please write that article(文章) in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章) Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。) It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的) 考点四 涉及介词 about关于... except除了… besides除了…还... to对…而言 for对于/就…而言 of…的,有关... on关于/有关... towards针对... in在…(方面) with就…而言 except与besides的区别:except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含;而besides“除了”则表示包含,即“不仅……又……”。如:Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了故宫博物院)/ Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除了汉语之外,他还学其他许多功课)(“汉语”也是他学的功课之一) 考点五 介词短语 1 at once 立刻 2 at last 最后 3 at first 起先,首先 4 at the age of... 在……岁时 5 at the end of...在……之末 6 at the beginning of... 在……之初 7 at the foot of... 在……脚下 8 at the same time 同时 9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10 with one’ s help 在某人的帮助下,由于某人的帮助 11 with the help of ... 在……的帮助下 12 with a smile 面带笑容 13 with one’ s own eyes 亲眼看见 14 after a while 过了一会儿 15 from now on 从现在起 16 from then on 从那时起 17 for example 例如 18 far away from 远离 19 from morning till night 从早到晚 20 by and by 不久 21 by air mail 寄航空邮件 22 by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车 23 by ordinary mail 寄平信 24 by the way 顺便说 25 by the window 在窗边 26 by the end of... 到……底为止 27 little by little 逐渐地 28 in all 总共 29 in fact 事实上 30 in one’ s twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31 in a hurry 匆忙 32 in the middle of 在……中间 33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻,很快 34 in time (on time) 及时 35 in public 公众,公开地 36 in order to 为了…… 37 in front of 在……前面 38 in the sun 在阳光下 39 in the end 最后,终于 40 in surprise 惊奇地 41 in turn 依次 42 of course 当然 43 a bit (of) 有一点儿 44 a lot of 许多 45 a little 一点儿 46 on one’ s way to 某人在去……的路上 47 on foot 步行,走路 48 a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49 on the other hand 另一方面 50 at/on the weekend 在周末 51 on the left (right) 在左(右)边 52 on the other side of 在……另一边 53 on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播) 54 to one’ s joy 使……高兴的是 55 to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的是 中考模拟试题 一.选择填空 1.(2024·福建莆田·一模)There was a level 7.3 earthquake that happened in Taiwan ________ April 3rd, 2024. A.in B.at C.on 【答案】C 【详解】句意:2024年4月3日, 台湾发生了7.3级地震。 考查介词用法。in用于月、年等较长时间段;at用于具体时间点;on用于具体的某一天或日期。此处表示具体日期“4月3日”,用介词on。故选C。 2.(2024·福建厦门·二模)Russian President Vladimir Putin paid a visit to Harbin _______ May 17, 2024. A.in B.on C.at 【答案】B 【详解】句意:2024年5月17日,俄罗斯总统普京访问了哈尔滨。 考查时间介词。in后接年、月、季节等大概时间;on后跟具体日期;at后接时刻。由“May 17, 2024”可知,此处是具体日期,应用介词on。故选B。 3.(2024·福建厦门·二模)In order to improve our writing skills, our teacher asked each of us to keep a dairy ________ English every day. A.at B.on C.in 【答案】C 【详解】句意:为了提高我们的写作技巧,老师要求我们每个人每天用英语写一篇日记。 考查介词辨析。at在;on在……上面;in表示使用某种语言。根据“keep a dairy...English”可知,此处指用英语写日记,介词in符合题意。故选C。 4.(2024·福建厦门·二模)They sat on the beach and watched the setting sun disappear gradually ________ the horizen (地平线). A.below B.beside C.above 【答案】A 【详解】句意:他们坐在海滩上,看着落日渐渐消失在地平线下。 考查介词辨析。below在……下面,指位置低于某水平面或参照物;beside在……旁边,指位于旁边;above在……上面,指位置高于某水平面或参照物。根据“watched the setting sun disappear”,可知,太阳消失的方向应该是往地平线下面。故选A。 5.(2024·福建厦门·二模)Chinese runner Wu Yanni won the women’s 100-meter hurdles (跨栏) final of the World with a time of 12.86 seconds ________ May 12th, 2024. A.on B.at C.in 【答案】A 【详解】句意:2024年5月12日,中国选手吴燕妮在世界女子100米栏决赛中以12秒86的成绩夺冠。 考查介词。on指具体的某一天和星期几或星期几上午、下午、晚上之前; at用于具体的某一时刻之前;in用于年月季节之前。根据“May 12th”可知是指在具体某一天,故选A。 6.(2024·福建福州·三模)The “Belt and Road” International Fine Arts Exhibition was held at the Quanzhou Maritime Museum ________ December 9. A.in B.at C.on 【答案】C 【详解】句意:“一带一路”国际美展12月9日在泉州海事博物馆举行。 考查时间介词的用法。in后接某年某月某季节;at后接具体时刻;on后接具体一天。“December 9”是具体的一天,介词用on,故选C。 7.(2024·福建·三模)World Book Day is ________ April 23rd every year. A.in B.on C.at 【答案】B 【详解】句意:世界读书日在每年的4月23日。 考查介词辨析。in用在年、月、季节、泛指的上午、下午、晚上等;on用在具体某一天或在某个特定的早晨、下午、晚上等;at用在具体时刻;“April 23rd”是具体某一天,应用介词on。故选B。 8.(2024·福建泉州·二模)—How about taking a high-speed train to Xi’an this summer holiday? —Good idea! It is an ancient city ______ the northwest of China. A.to B.in C.on 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——这个暑假坐高铁去西安怎么样?——好主意!它是中国西北部的一座古城。 考查地点方位介词辨析。to接壤,不相邻;in在某个范围内;on接壤,相邻。根据“It is an ancient city… the northwest of China”可知,西安在中国的西北部,属于在中国境内,故选B。 9.(2024·福建南平·二模)Our school hosted a study trip ________ March, 2024. A.on B.in C.at 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我们学校在2024年3月组织了一次学习旅行。 考查介词辨析。on后接具体某一天或者具体某一天早晨、下午、晚上;in后接年份、月份、季节等;at后接具体某一时刻。根据“March”可知,此处指的是“三月份”,因此用介词in。故选B。 10.(2024·福建三明·二模)There was a level 7.3 earthquake that happened __________ Taiwan on April 3rd, 2024. A.in B.at C.on 【答案】A 【详解】句意为:2024年4月3日,台湾发生7.3级地震。 考查介词词义辨析。in在,接大地点;at在,接小地点;on在……上。台湾是大地方。故选A。 二.语法填空 1.(2024·江苏苏州·二模)Nora opened the box. To her surprise, it was a gold watch. 【答案】inside 【详解】句意:诺拉打开盒子。令她惊讶的是,里面是一块金表。根据“Nora opened the box.”可知盒子里是一块金表,inside“在……里面”。故填inside。 2.(2024·江苏南通·一模) I’m thirsty. I prefer a cup of tea anything in it. 【答案】without 【详解】句意:我渴了。我更喜欢一杯什么都没有的茶。根据“a cup of tea...anything in it”可知是茶里什么都没有,此处表示伴随用介词without,表示“没有”。故选without。 3.(2024·山东青岛·一模)Look at the picture on the right! There is a bridge the river. 【答案】over 【详解】句意:看右边的图片!河上有一座桥。根据图片可知,桥在河的正上方,用方位介词over表示。故填over。 4.(2023·吉林松原·模拟预测)He could improve his pronunciation reading aloud. 【答案】by 【详解】句意:他可以通过大声朗读来提高发音。根据“He could improve his pronunciation ... reading aloud.”可知,此处应是通过大声朗读来提高发音,by“通过”,by doing“通过做某事”,故填by。 5.(2023·湖南永州·二模)Don’t wait the end to regret. 【答案】until 【详解】句意:不要等到最后才后悔。根据前文Don’t可知,此句考查not...until...引导的时间状语从句,意为“直到……才……”,故填until。 6.(2023·湖南永州·三模)We usually buy some things online on November 11th every year a lower price. 【答案】at 【详解】句意: 我们通常在每年的11月11日在网上以较低的价格购买一些东西。根据“a lower price.”可知,表示“以……价格”,使用介词at。故填at。 7.(2023·湖南永州·二模)We usually don’t have classes at school Sundays. 【答案】on 【详解】句意:我们星期天通常不在学校上课。在星期几用介词on。由Sundays可知,这里用介词on。故填on。 8.(2023·湖南永州·一模)Tree Planting Day is March 12, we should plant more trees to protect our earth. 【答案】on 【详解】句意:植树节在3月12日,我们应该种更多的树来保护我们的地球。根据“March 12”是具体的日期可知,空处应用时间介词on,故填on。 9.(2022·吉林·模拟预测) the sun, nothing would grow. 【答案】Without 【详解】句意:没有太阳,什么都不会生长。根据“...the sun, nothing would grow.”可知,没有太阳,什么都不会生长。without“没有”符合语境,故填Without。 10.(2022·湖南永州·二模)Gu Ailing who was born 2003 is one of the most successful athletes in the world. 【答案】in 【详解】句意:2003年出生的谷爱凌是世界上最成功的运动员之一。空后跟的是2003,是年份,其前应该用介词in,be born in 2003意为“2003年出生”,故填in。 11.(2022·吉林·三模)Li Ming runs fastest his classmates. 【答案】among 【详解】句意:李明在同学中跑得最快。根据“Li Ming runs fastest...his classmates.”可知是指在同学之间,among“在……之间(三者及以上)”,是介词。故填among。 12.(2022·吉林·一模) your help, the program couldn’t have been so successful. 【答案】Without 【详解】句意:没有你的帮助,这个项目不可能会这么成功。根据“...your help, the program couldn’t have been so successful.”可知,此处“the program couldn’t have been so successful”有情态动词,表虚拟语气,表示为这个项目不可能会这么成功,所以句子的“...your help”部分应表示为若没有你们的帮助,此空应是without“没有”,后接your help“你们的帮助”,构成介宾结构。故填Without。 13.(2022·吉林四平·一模)This CD must belong Lucy. She likes rock music. 【答案】to 【详解】句意:这张CD一定是露西的。 她喜欢摇滚乐。根据“She likes rock music.”可知这张CD一定是露西的。由前面的关键词belong,可知此处考查固定词组belong to,意为“属于”。故填to。 14.(2022·湖南永州·模拟预测)I ran with my friend 5:30 yesterday afternoon. 【答案】at 【详解】句意:昨天下午5:30我和朋友一起跑步。空后的5:30是具体的时间,需用介词at。故填at。 15.(2022·吉林白山·二模)Everyone Bob went on a school trip last Sunday. It was a pity that he was ill in bed. 【答案】except 【详解】句意:上周日,除了鲍勃外,其他人都去学校旅行了。很遗憾,他卧病在床。由下文“It was a pity that he was ill in bed”可知,除了鲍勃没有去旅行,用介词except“除了”;故填except。 16.(2022·吉林白城·模拟预测)Lucy is my closest friend. There is no secret her and me. 【答案】between 【详解】句意:露西是我最亲密的朋友。在我和她之间没有秘密。根据“ Lucy is my closest friend. ”可知,是最好的朋友,应该是之间没有秘密,between…and...“在……和……之间”,固定搭配,故填between。 17.(2022·吉林·一模)I like the sweater yellow. It is so beautiful and cheap. 【答案】in 【详解】句意:我喜欢黄色的毛衣。又漂亮又便宜。根据关键词the sweater和yellow可知此处为in yellow“黄色的”,介词短语作后置定语修饰sweater。故填in。 18.(2022·湖南永州·一模)She spends much time her homework every day. 【答案】on 【详解】句意:她每天在她作业上花费许多时间。固定搭配sb spend some time on sth“某人在某事上花费多长时间”,故填on。 19.(2022·江苏南通·一模)—Yuzuru Hanyu is always praised as a prince on ice. —In fact, nobody was born good at all things enough practice. 【答案】without 【详解】句意:——羽生结弦一直被誉为冰上王子。——事实上,如果没有足够的练习,没有人天生擅长所有的事情。根据“nobody was born good at all things...enough practice.”可知没有足够的练习不能擅长所有事情,表示“没有”用介词without。故填without。 20.(2022·江苏南通·一模)Some hot words, like yyds and emo, are popular young people now. 【答案】among 【详解】句意:一些热词,如yyds和emo,现在在年轻人中很流行。根据“Some hot words, like yyds and emo, are popular...young people now.”可知,热词在年轻人中很流行,among“在(三者及以上)之中”符合语境,故填among。 试卷第1页,共3页 试卷第1页,共3页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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专题1.名词、冠词、代词、介词讲练-2025年福建省中考英语讲义
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专题1.名词、冠词、代词、介词讲练-2025年福建省中考英语讲义
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专题1.名词、冠词、代词、介词讲练-2025年福建省中考英语讲义
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