高考英语阅读理解&词汇记忆超能力养成秘籍（2024年全国1卷）-2025届高三英语一轮复习专项

高考英语阅读理解&词汇记忆超能力养成秘籍 （2024年全国1卷） 2024全国1卷A 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. restore 3. protect 4. natural areas 5. explore 6. sites 7. conducting 8. plant removal 9. seed collection 10. Habitat Restoration Team 11. volunteers 12. play a vital role in 13. restoring sensitive resources 14. endangered species 15. across the ridges and valleys 16. aged 10 and over 17. youth 18. under the age of 15 19. parent 20. signed 21. rain or shine 22. layers 23. changing weather 24. raincoat 25. if necessary 26. sunscreen 27. training 28. tools 29. community service requirements 30. aim 31. discover mineral resources 32. develop new wildlife parks 33. protect the local ecosystem 34. conduct biological research 35. the lower age limit 36. joining 37. are expected to do 38. wear a team uniform 39. at least 40. projects 2024全国1卷A HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks. C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research. 22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18. 23. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. 2024全国1卷A HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks. C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research. 22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18. 23. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. 2024全国1卷B 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. shortly after 3. performing 4. ahead of my time 5. defensive 6. coworkers 7. occasionally 8. laugh at 9. unusual methods 10. graduate 11. conventional 12. alternative 13. suffered from 14. terrible back pain 15. muscle-relaxing drugs 16. found little relief 17. an ancient Chinese practice 18. amazed 19. treatments 20. worked 21. seemed likely to 22. patients 23. a couple of years 24. pets 25. serious heart condition 26. a heart attack 27. was prepared to 28. put him to sleep 29. eased her dog’s suffering 30. keep him alive 31. an additional five months 32. reports 33. adjustment 34. is certain that 35. holistic approach 36. grow more popular with time 37. indication 38. membership 39. it surprises me that 40. odd 41. strict 42. brave 43. rude 44. inspired 45. benefited from 46. pet owners 47. steps 48. complexity 49. rare animal diseases 50. effectiveness 51. prove Farber’s point 52. emphasize its importance 53. praise 54. advocate animal protection 2024全国1卷B “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 2024全国1卷B “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2024全国1卷C 【英语词汇及表达】 1. several hundred 2. generally 3. onscreen 4. a large amount of research 5. confirms this finding 6. benefits 7. print reading 8. particularly 9. experimenters 10. posing simple tasks 11. identifying the main idea 12. require mental abstraction 13. drawing inferences 14. equally important 15. the mental aspect 16. researchers 17. proposed a theory 18. according to 19. approach digital texts 20. mindset 21. suited to social media 22. serious 23. devote less mental effort 24. reading print 25. video 26. engaging 27. increasingly 28. turn to 29. assigning an online talk 30. instead of 31. article 32. digital texts 33. educational roles 34. providing resources 35. available in print 36. maximizing 37. mental focus 38. reflection 39. called for 40. educators 41. assume 42. media 43. contain identical words 44. underlined 45. seem unlikely to last 46. hard to explain 47. notice 48. treat digital texts lightly 49. select 50. randomly 51. are suitable for 52. hold students' attention 53. convenient 54. prepare 55. develop advanced skills 56. informative 57. imply 58. apply multiple learning techniques 59. entirely 60. education 61. Ignored 2024全国1卷C Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 2024全国1卷C Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 2024全国1卷D 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. in the race to 3. document the species 4. go extinct 5. researchers 6. citizen scientists 7. collected 8. billions of records 9. biodiversity 10. in the form of 11. digital 12. detecting 13. shifts 14. variety 15. observations 16. outnumber 17. primary data 18. physical 19. increasingly using observational data 20. investigate 21. responding to 22. global change 23. usable 24. particularly interested 25. exploring 26. aspects 27. sampling 28. tend to 29. likelihood 30. take a picture of 31. instead of 32. revealed 33. lead to better global coverage 34. favor 35. certain regions 36. time periods 37. makes sense 38. mobile devices 39. encounters 40. nearby 41. attractive 42. eye-catching features 43. inform 44. quality 45. encourage 46. have an expert confirm 47. identification 48. uploaded image 49. outdated 50. mostly 51. in electronic form 52. are limited in number 53. are used for public exhibition 54. focus on 55. threatened species 56. physical specimens 57. mobile applications 58. data analysis 59. poor quality 60. improper way 61. unreliable 62. devices 63. review data 64. hire 65. check 66. identity 67. give guidance 2024全国1卷D In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 33. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 34. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 2024全国1卷D In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 33. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 34. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. $$ 高考英语阅读理解&词汇记忆超能力养成秘籍 （2024年全国1卷） 2024全国1卷A 【词汇背诵】 1. restore 恢复 2. protect 保护 3. natural areas 自然区域 4. explore 探索 5. sites 地点 6. conducting 进行 7. plant removal 植物移除 8. seed collection 种子收集 9. Habitat Restoration Team 栖息地恢复团队 10. volunteers 志愿者 11. play a vital role in 在...中发挥重要作用 12. restoring sensitive resources 恢复敏感资源 13. endangered species 濒危物种 14. across the ridges and valleys 在山脊和山谷之间 15. aged 10 and over 10岁及以上 16. youth 青少年 17. under the age of 15 15岁以下 18. parent 父母 19. signed 签名 20. rain or shine 风雨无阻 21. layers 层次 22. changing weather 变化的天气 23. raincoat 雨衣 24. if necessary 如有必要 25. sunscreen 防晒霜 26. training 培训 27. tools 工具 28. community service requirements 社区服务要求 29. aim 目标 30. discover mineral resources 发现矿产资源 31. develop new wildlife parks 开发新的野生动物公园 32. protect the local ecosystem 保护当地生态系统 33. conduct biological research 进行生物研究 34. the lower age limit 最低年龄限制 35. joining 加入 36. are expected to do 被期望去做 37. wear a team uniform 穿团队制服 38. at least 至少 39. projects 项目 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. restore 3. protect 4. natural areas 5. explore 6. sites 7. conducting 8. plant removal 9. seed collection 10. Habitat Restoration Team 11. volunteers 12. play a vital role in 13. restoring sensitive resources 14. endangered species 15. across the ridges and valleys 16. aged 10 and over 17. youth 18. under the age of 15 19. parent 20. signed 21. rain or shine 22. layers 23. changing weather 24. raincoat 25. if necessary 26. sunscreen 27. training 28. tools 29. community service requirements 30. aim 31. discover mineral resources 32. develop new wildlife parks 33. protect the local ecosystem 34. conduct biological research 35. the lower age limit 36. joining 37. are expected to do 38. wear a team uniform 39. at least 40. projects 2024全国1卷A HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks. C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research. 22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18. 23. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. 2024全国1卷A HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks. C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research. 22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18. 23. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. 2024全国1卷A 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加保护当地生态系统的栖息地恢复小组的时间地点等相关细节。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (帮助恢复和保护从马林海岬到波利纳斯岭的马林海的自然区域。我们将探索美丽的公园场地，同时进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子收集。栖息地恢复小组的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用)”可知，栖息地恢复小组的目的是保护当地生态系统。故选C项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. (欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者)”可知，参加栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。故选B项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We’ll be working rain or shine. (我们将风雨无阻地工作)”可知，身为志愿者，即使天气不好也要工作。故选B项。 2024全国1卷A 全文翻译： **栖息地恢复团队** 帮助从马林海角到波利纳斯岭恢复和保护马林的自然区域。我们将在进行入侵性植物移除、冬季种植和种子收集的同时，探索美丽的公园场地。栖息地恢复团队的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。 **团队** 五人或以上的团队需要特殊安排，并且必须提前确认。请查看《可用项目列表》并填写《团队项目请求表》。 **年龄、技能、携带物品** 欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者。阅读我们针对15岁以下青少年的《青少年政策指南》。 请携带您填写完整的《志愿者协议表》。未满18岁的志愿者必须有父母/监护人签字同意的部分。 我们将在任何天气下工作。穿着可以弄脏的衣服。根据天气变化带来多层衣物，如有必要请带雨衣。 请自带个人水壶、防晒霜和午餐。 无需经验。将提供培训和工具。满足社区服务要求。 **即将举行的活动** 时间 集合地点 1月15日星期日 上午10:00 — 下午1:00 亚历山大炮台小径起点 1月22日星期日 上午10:00 — 下午2:30 斯廷森海滩停车场 1月29日星期日 上午9:30 — 下午2:30 郊狼岭小径起点 21. 栖息地恢复团队的目标是什么？ A. 发现矿产资源。 B. 开发新的野生动物公园。 C. 保护当地生态系统。 D. 进行生物研究。 22. 加入栖息地恢复团队的最低年龄限制是多少？ A. 5岁。 B. 10岁。 C. 15岁。 D. 18岁。 23. 志愿者需要做什么？ A. 携带自己的工具。 B. 即使在恶劣天气下也要工作。 C. 穿团队制服。 D. 至少完成三个项目。 2024全国1卷B 【词汇背诵】 1. shortly after 不久之后 2. performing 执行，进行 3. ahead of my time 超前于我的时代 4. defensive 防御性的 5. coworkers 同事 6. occasionally 偶尔 7. laugh at 嘲笑 8. unusual methods 不寻常的方法 9. graduate 毕业生 10. conventional 传统的 11. alternative 替代的 12. suffered from 遭受 13. terrible back pain 严重的背痛 14. muscle-relaxing drugs 肌肉松弛药物 15. found little relief 发现几乎没有缓解 16. an ancient Chinese practice 一种古老的中国实践 17. amazed 惊讶的 18. treatments 治疗 19. worked 有效 20. seemed likely to 似乎有可能 21. patients 病人 22. a couple of years 几年 23. pets 宠物 24. serious heart condition 严重的心脏病 25. a heart attack 一次心脏病发作 26. was prepared to 准备 27. put him to sleep 让他安乐死 28. eased her dog’s suffering 减轻了她狗的痛苦 29. keep him alive 让他活着 30. an additional five months 额外的五个月 31. reports 报告 32. adjustment 调整 33. is certain that 确信 34. holistic approach 整体方法 35. grow more popular with time 随着时间的推移越来越受欢迎 36. indication 迹象 37. membership 会员资格 38. it surprises me that 这让我很惊讶 39. odd 奇怪的 40. strict 严格的 41. brave 勇敢的 42. rude 粗鲁的 43. inspired 受到启发的 44. benefited from 从中受益 45. pet owners 宠物主人 46. steps 步骤 47. complexity 复杂性 48. rare animal diseases 罕见的动物疾病 49. effectiveness 有效性 50. prove Farber’s point 证明法伯的观点 51. emphasize its importance 强调它的重要性 52. praise 表扬 53. advocate animal protection 倡导动物保护 2024全国1卷B 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. shortly after 3. performing 4. ahead of my time 5. defensive 6. coworkers 7. occasionally 8. laugh at 9. unusual methods 10. graduate 11. conventional 12. alternative 13. suffered from 14. terrible back pain 15. muscle-relaxing drugs 16. found little relief 17. an ancient Chinese practice 18. amazed 19. treatments 20. worked 21. seemed likely to 22. patients 23. a couple of years 24. pets 25. serious heart condition 26. a heart attack 27. was prepared to 28. put him to sleep 29. eased her dog’s suffering 30. keep him alive 31. an additional five months 32. reports 33. adjustment 34. is certain that 35. holistic approach 36. grow more popular with time 37. indication 38. membership 39. it surprises me that 40. odd 41. strict 42. brave 43. rude 44. inspired 45. benefited from 46. pet owners 47. steps 48. complexity 49. rare animal diseases 50. effectiveness 51. prove Farber’s point 52. emphasize its importance 53. praise 54. advocate animal protection 2024全国1卷B “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 2024全国1卷B “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 2024全国1卷B 【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点戒备的姿态，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。 【26题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。 全文翻译： “我没有疯，”威廉·法伯博士在给一只兔子做针灸后说。“我是超前于我的时代的。”如果他看起来有点防御性，可能是因为甚至他的一些同事偶尔也会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。但法伯确信他将是最后笑的人。他是越来越多美国兽医中的一员，现在正在实践“整体”医学——将传统的西方治疗与针灸、按摩疗法和草药医学结合起来。 法伯是科罗拉多州立大学的毕业生，起初他是一位更传统的兽医。20年前，当他遭受严重的背痛时，他开始对替代疗法产生兴趣。他尝试了肌肉放松药物，但发现几乎没有缓解。然后他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国实践，并且惊讶地发现他在两三次治疗后就有所改善。在兽医身上有效的方法似乎也可能在他的病人身上有效。因此，在研究这些技术几年后，他开始向宠物提供这些服务。 利·廷代尔的狗查理有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，在查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他安乐死，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她狗的痛苦，使她能够让他多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因报告说，她的马纳比在经过按摩疗法调整后，“移动得更轻松，骑乘更舒适”。 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，整体方法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的：自1982年以来，美国整体兽医医学协会的会员已经从30人增长到700多人。“有时它的效果这么好，这让我很惊讶，”他说。“我会尽一切努力帮助动物。那是我的工作。” 24. 法伯的一些同事对他有什么看法？ A. 他很奇怪。 B. 他很严格。 C. 他很勇敢。 D. 他很粗鲁。 25. 法伯为什么决定在宠物上尝试针灸？ A. 他在大学里接受了这方面的培训。 B. 他受到另一位兽医的启发。 C. 他作为病人从中受益。 D. 他想为宠物主人省钱。 26. 第三段主要谈论什么？ A. 按摩疗法的步骤。 B. 兽医工作的复杂性。 C. 罕见动物疾病的例子。 D. 整体医学的有效性。 27. 作者提到美国整体兽医医学协会的原因是什么？ A. 证明法伯的观点。 B. 强调它的重要性。 C. 表扬兽医。 D. 倡导动物保护。 2024全国1卷C 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【词汇背诵】 1. several hundred 几百 2. generally 通常 3. onscreen 在屏幕上 4. a large amount of research 大量研究 5. confirms this finding 证实了这一发现 6. benefits 好处 7. print reading 印刷阅读 8. particularly 特别是 9. experimenters 实验者 10. posing simple tasks 提出简单任务 11. identifying the main idea 识别主要思想 12. require mental abstraction 需要心理抽象 13. drawing inferences 推断 14. equally important 同样重要的 15. the mental aspect 心理方面 16. researchers 研究者 17. proposed a theory 提出理论 18. according to 根据 19. approach digital texts 处理数字文本 20. mindset 心态 21. suited to social media 适合社交媒体 22. serious 严肃的 23. devote less mental effort 投入较少的脑力 24. reading print 阅读印刷品 25. video 视频 26. engaging 吸引人的 27. increasingly 不断增加地 28. turn to 转向 29. assigning an online talk 分配在线讲座 30. instead of 而不是 31. article 文章 32. digital texts 数字文本 33. educational roles 教育角色 34. providing resources 提供资源 35. available in print 可在印刷品中找到 36. maximizing 最大化 37. mental focus 精神集中 38. reflection 反思 39. called for 需要 40. educators 教育者 41. assume 假设 42. media 媒体 43. contain identical words 包含相同的话语 44. underlined 下划线的 45. seem unlikely to last 似乎不太可能持久 46. hard to explain 难以解释 47. notice 注意到 48. treat digital texts lightly 轻视数字文本 49. select 选择 50. randomly 随机地 51. are suitable for 适合 52. hold students' attention 吸引学生的注意力 53. convenient 方便的 54. prepare 准备 55. develop advanced skills 发展高级技能 56. informative 信息丰富的 57. imply 暗示 58. apply multiple learning techniques 应用多种学习技巧 59. entirely 完全 60. education 教育 61. ignored 被忽视的 2024全国1卷C 【英语词汇及表达】 1. several hundred 2. generally 3. onscreen 4. a large amount of research 5. confirms this finding 6. benefits 7. print reading 8. particularly 9. experimenters 10. posing simple tasks 11. identifying the main idea 12. require mental abstraction 13. drawing inferences 14. equally important 15. the mental aspect 16. researchers 17. proposed a theory 18. according to 19. approach digital texts 20. mindset 21. suited to social media 22. serious 23. devote less mental effort 24. reading print 25. video 26. engaging 27. increasingly 28. turn to 29. assigning an online talk 30. instead of 31. article 32. digital texts 33. educational roles 34. providing resources 35. available in print 36. maximizing 37. mental focus 38. reflection 39. called for 40. educators 41. assume 42. media 43. contain identical words 44. underlined 45. seem unlikely to last 46. hard to explain 47. notice 48. treat digital texts lightly 49. select 50. randomly 51. are suitable for 52. hold students' attention 53. convenient 54. prepare 55. develop advanced skills 56. informative 57. imply 58. apply multiple learning techniques 59. entirely 60. education 61. Ignored 2024全国1卷C Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 2024全国1卷C Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 2024全国1卷C 【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 全文翻译 理解力在人们在屏幕上阅读文本和在纸上阅读时是否相同？听和观看内容与阅读书面文字在涵盖相同材料时是否同样有效？这两个问题的答案通常都是“否”。原因涉及多种因素，包括注意力减少、娱乐心态和在消费数字内容时倾向于多任务处理。 当阅读数百字或更多的文本时，学习通常在纸上比在屏幕上更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现。当实验者从提出简单任务——比如识别阅读段落中的主要思想——转向需要进行心理抽象的任务时，例如从文本中推断，印刷阅读的好处尤其明显。 印刷和数字阅读结果之间的差异部分与纸张的物理属性有关。纸张上有字面上的手感，以及不同页面的视觉地理。人们经常将他们对所读内容的记忆与他们在书中的位置或页面上的位置联系起来。 但同样重要的是心理方面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“浅化假说”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态来处理数字文本，这些通常不那么严肃，并且投入的精神努力比阅读印刷品时少。 音频和视频比文本更能吸引人，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术——比如说，分配一个在线讲座而不是同一个人的一篇文章。然而，心理学家已经证明，当成年人阅读新闻故事时，他们记住的内容比听或看相同的片段更多。 数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，特别是当提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了最大化需要精神集中和反思的学习，教育者不应假设所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的话语。 28. 第二段中“shine through”这个短语是什么意思？ A. 似乎不太可能持久。 B. 似乎难以解释。 C. 准备使用。 D. 变得容易注意到。 29. 浅化假说假设什么？ A. 读者轻视数字文本。 B. 数字文本更简单易懂。 C. 人们随机选择数字文本。 D. 数字文本适合社交媒体。 30. 大学教师为什么越来越多地使用音频和视频？ A. 它们可以吸引学生的注意力。 B. 它们更方便准备。 C. 它们有助于发展高级技能。 D. 它们比文本更有信息量。 31. 在最后一段中，作者暗示了什么？ A. 学生应该应用多种学习技巧。 B. 教师应该制作自己的教学材料。 C. 印刷文本在教育中不能完全被取代。 D. 不能忽视课堂外的教育。 2024全国1卷D 【词汇背诵】 1. in the race to 在竞争中 2. document the species 记录物种 3. go extinct 灭绝 4. researchers 研究人员 5. citizen scientists 公民科学家 6. collected 收集 7. billions of records 十亿条记录 8. biodiversity 生物多样性 9. in the form of 以...的形式 10. digital 数字的 11. detecting 检测 12. shifts 变化 13. variety 多样性 14. observations 观察 15. outnumber 超过 16. primary data 主要数据 17. physical 物理的，实体的 18. increasingly using observational data 越来越多地使用观察数据 19. investigate 调查 20. responding to 响应 21. global change 全球变化 22. usable 可用的 23. particularly interested 特别感兴趣的 24. exploring 探索 25. aspects 方面 26. sampling 抽样 27. tend to 倾向于 28. likelihood 可能性 29. take a picture of 拍摄...的照片 30. instead of 而不是 31. revealed 揭示 32. lead to better global coverage 带来更好的全球覆盖 33. favor 偏爱 34. certain regions 特定地区 35. time periods 时间段 36. makes sense 有意义，合理 37. mobile devices 移动设备 38. encounters 邂逅，遭遇 39. nearby 附近的 40. attractive 有吸引力的 41. eye-catching features 引人注目的特征 42. inform 通知 43. quality 质量 44. encourage 鼓励 45. have an expert confirm 让专家确认 46. identification 鉴定 47. uploaded image 上传的图像 48. outdated 过时的 49. mostly 大多数 50. in electronic form 以电子形式 51. are limited in number 数量有限 52. are used for public exhibition 用于公共展览 53. focus on 专注于 54. threatened species 受威胁的物种 55. physical specimens 物理标本 56. mobile applications 移动应用 57. data analysis 数据分析 58. poor quality 质量差 59. improper way 不当的方式 60. unreliable 不可靠的 61. devices 设备 62. review data 审查数据 63. hire 雇佣 64. check 检查 65. identity 身份 66. give guidance 提供指导 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2024全国1卷D 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. in the race to 3. document the species 4. go extinct 5. researchers 6. citizen scientists 7. collected 8. billions of records 9. biodiversity 10. in the form of 11. digital 12. detecting 13. shifts 14. variety 15. observations 16. outnumber 17. primary data 18. physical 19. increasingly using observational data 20. investigate 21. responding to 22. global change 23. usable 24. particularly interested 25. exploring 26. aspects 27. sampling 28. tend to 29. likelihood 30. take a picture of 31. instead of 32. revealed 33. lead to better global coverage 34. favor 35. certain regions 36. time periods 37. makes sense 38. mobile devices 39. encounters 40. nearby 41. attractive 42. eye-catching features 43. inform 44. quality 45. encourage 46. have an expert confirm 47. identification 48. uploaded image 49. outdated 50. mostly 51. in electronic form 52. are limited in number 53. are used for public exhibition 54. focus on 55. threatened species 56. physical specimens 57. mobile applications 58. data analysis 59. poor quality 60. improper way 61. unreliable 62. devices 63. review data 64. hire 65. check 66. identity 67. give guidance 2024全国1卷D In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 33. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 34. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 2024全国1卷D In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 33. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 34. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 2024全国1卷D【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。 在记录地球上的物种在它们灭绝之前的比赛中，研究人员和公民科学家已经收集了数十亿条记录。今天，生物多样性的大多数记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式存在。尽管它们对于检测一个地区物种数量和种类的变化很有用，但斯坦福大学的一项新研究发现，这种类型的记录并不完美。 “随着技术的发展，人们可以很容易地在移动应用程序的帮助下观察不同物种，”该研究的主要作者、斯坦福大学人文与科学学院生物学助理教授巴拉巴斯·达鲁说。“这些观察现在比来自物理标本的主要数据还要多，而且我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，所以我想知道：它们是否可用？” 达鲁和他的团队使用了一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集，测试了这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。 “我们特别感兴趣的是探索那些倾向于使数据产生偏差的抽样方面，比如公民科学家更有可能给开花植物拍照，而不是它旁边的草，”达鲁说。 他们的研究表明，大量的仅观察记录并没有带来更好的全球覆盖。此外，这些数据是有偏差的，并且偏爱某些地区、时间段和物种。这是有道理的，因为那些在移动设备上获取观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，记录他们在附近地区与物种的邂逅。这些数据也偏向于具有吸引人或引人注目特征的某些物种。 我们能如何处理不完美的生物多样性数据集？ “相当多，”达鲁解释说。“生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户过度抽样的区域，并引导他们去那些抽样不足的地方——甚至是物种。为了提高观察数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传图像的鉴定。” 关于现在收集的物种记录，我们知道什么？ A. 它们正在变得过时。 B. 它们大多是电子形式。 C. 它们数量有限。 D. 它们用于公共展览。 达鲁的研究重点是什么？ A. 受威胁的物种。 B. 物理标本。 C. 观察数据。 D. 移动应用程序。 根据研究，什么导致了偏差？ A. 数据分析中的错误。 B. 上传图片的质量差。 C. 抽样方式不当。 D. 不可靠的数据收集设备。 达鲁对生物多样性应用程序的建议是什么？ A. 审查某些地区的数据。 B. 雇佣专家检查记录。 C. 确认用户的身份。 D. 向公民科学家提供指导。 $$