专题2 EXERCISE 25 体裁之——议论文-【金版教程】2025年高考英语大二轮刷题首选卷课件PPT

WELCOME UNIT PART Ⅱ　技巧娴熟练——题型突破 专题二　阅读 EXERCISE25　 体裁之——议论文 较易题(占比20%)　中档题(占比60%)　拔高题(占比20%) 阅读 A B C D E 难度 ★★ ★ ★★ ★★ ★★★ 高考英语《课标》要求的词汇量是3，500左右，实际上能够达到4，500才是最理想的状态。 A B 目录 CONTENTS 1 2 C 3 D 4 E 5 A (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. A When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine__through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. A But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. A Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对比纸质阅读与数字阅读的差异和效果，强调纸质阅读对深度学习和记忆的重要性。 A 1．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线短语上文“When reading texts ... this finding.”可知，当阅读几百字或更多字的文本时，纸质阅读通常比屏幕阅读更能取得良好的学习效果，接着谈到大量的研究证实了这一发现。所以画线短语所在部分意为“当实验人员从提出简单的任务转向需要抽象思维的任务时，纸质阅读的好处尤其明显”，由此可推知，画线短语表示“显而易见”。故选D。 A 2．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. B．Digital texts are simpler to understand. C．People select digital texts randomly. D．Digital texts are suitable for social media. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“which are often not so serious”以及“devote less mental effort”可知，在对待电子文本的时候，读者通常不是很严肃，同时比阅读纸质文本时投入的精力要少，即读者对电子文本不是很重视。故选A。 A 3．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A．They can hold students' attention. B．They are more convenient to prepare. C．They help develop advanced skills. D．They are more informative than text. 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Audio (音频) and video ... to these technologies”可知，音频和视频比文字更吸引人，所以大学教师越来越多地改用这些技术。故选A。 A 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, for maximizing learning ... when they contain identical words.”可知，教育工作者不应该认为所有媒体的效果是一样的。由此可推知，本文主要介绍了纸质阅读在学习效果方面相较于数字阅读的优势，暗示了纸质文本在教育中是不能完全被取代的。故选C。 A 词汇：①entertainment n. 娱乐，娱乐表演；招待，款待　②identify v. 认出，识别；查明，确认；发现　③property n. 特性，性质；财产；地产　④propose v. 提出(理论或解释)；提议；建议　⑤assume v. 假定，假设　⑥a large amount of 大量的 佳句：When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. 当阅读几百字或更多文字的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。 A B (2024·陕西省榆林市高三三模)People have speculated (思索) for centuries about a future without work. Some imagine that the coming work­free world will be defined by inequality: A few wealthy people will own all the wealth, and the masses will struggle in a wasteland. A different prediction holds that without jobs to give their lives meaning, future people will simply become lazy and depressed. But it doesn't necessarily follow from these findings that a world without work would be filled with dissatisfaction. Such visions are based on the downsides of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the absence of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could provide strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. B These days, spare time is relatively rare for most workers. “When I come home from a hard day's work, I often feel tired，” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland, adding, “In a world in which I don't have to work, I might feel rather different—perhaps different enough to throw myself into a hobby with the enthusiasm usually reserved for professional matters.” Daniel Everett, an anthropologist (人类学家) at Bentley University studied a group of hunter­gatherers in the Amazon called the Piraha for years. According to Everett, while some might consider hunting and gathering as work, hunter­gatherers don't. “They think of it as fun，” he says. “They don't have a concept of work the way we do.” B Everett described a typical day for the Piraha: A man might get up, spend a few hours fishing, have a barbecue, and play until the evening. Does this relaxing life lead to the depression and purposelessness seen among so many of today's unemployed? “I've never seen anything like depression there, except people who are physically ill，” Everett says. While many may consider work necessary for human life, work as it exists today is a relatively new invention in the course of human culture. “We don't think it's desirable to just sit around with nothing to do，” says Everett. “For the Piraha, it's quite a pleasant state.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人们对于没有工作的未来生活可能出现的态度。 B 1．What does the author think of a redesigned work­free society? A．It may offer distinct leisure and labor situations. B．It may widen the gap between rich and poor. C．It will certainly lead to social dissatisfaction. D．It will allow laborers enough leisure time. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the absence of work ... the future of labor and leisure.”可知，作者认为一个重新设计的、没有工作的社会可能会提供与当前社会完全不同的劳动和休闲情境。故选A。 B 2．Why are the hunter­gatherers mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To inspire us to learn from them. B．To show a work­free life in the future. C．To justify the previous views on work. D．To show a different viewpoint on work. 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“According to Everett ... a concept of work the way we do.”可知，狩猎采集者的生活方式为我们提供了一个不同于现代工作模式的视角，让我们重新审视工作的意义和价值。由此可推知，第四段提到了狩猎采集者是为了展示一种不同的工作观点。故选D。 B 3．What's the author's attitude towards the coming work­free world? A．Objective. B．Optimistic. C．Negative. D．Concerned. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In a world ... for professional matters.(在一个我不必工作的世界里，我可能会感觉很不一样——也许这种不一样足以让我带着通常为专业事务保留的热情投入到一项爱好中去。)”和最后一段中的“While many may consider work ... says Everett.(虽然许多人可能认为工作是人类生活的必需，但今天存在的工作在人类文化进程中是一项相对较新的发明。Everett (埃弗雷特)说：‘我们认为无所事事是不可取的。’)”可知，作者既提到了没有工作的好处，也指出了其可能存在的问题。由此可推知，作者对没有工作的世界持客观态度。故选A。 B 4．What can we conclude from the text? A．Daniel Everett prefers to sit around doing nothing. B．The work­free life makes the Piraha purposeless. C．Physical sickness is seldom seen among the Piraha. D．A work­free life may contribute to depression. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A different prediction ... lazy and depressed.”可知，无工作可能使人们感到生活无意义和情绪低落。由此可推知，无工作的生活可能会导致沮丧。故选D。 B 词汇：①prediction n. 预言之事；预测(行为)　②depressed adj. 抑郁的，沮丧的；萧条的，不景气的　③circumstance n. 条件，情况　④reserve v. 拥有，保留(某种权利)；预订　n. 储备；保护区　⑤physically adv. 身体上，肉体上；按自然规律，实际上　⑥in the absence of 缺乏，不存在 佳句：A different prediction holds that without jobs to give their lives meaning, future people will simply become lazy and depressed. 另一种预测认为，如果没有工作赋予生活意义，未来的人只会变得懒惰和沮丧。 B C (2024·江西省八所重点中学高三联考)Survival is every living being's basic instinct. Animals, you may have noticed, know how to make do in the worst of the situations; they can manage for days without food, water, and decent habitat. Humans too had the same survival instincts and the ability to care for themselves and their kind. With the development of the society, we have gained a lot of comfort and ease in our lifestyle, but unfortunately, with this cozy life, we have lost touch with our basic instincts. We are so dependent on the comforts around us that if you take them away, we do not know how to make do without them. We instantly begin to panic and fail to think logically. C Man is the most intelligent of nature's creation. Our achievements in every field are a distinct example of that. Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the creator? If you do not agree with me, then look around at the state of panic and chaos we are currently in. What is the cause of it? A virus outbreak? No. It's the inability to deal with it calmly and the lack of faith in our abilities to get through it safely. We are looking at our governments for help. Why in such urgent circumstances are we still being needy and dependent? We are well equipped with skills to look after ourselves, pull through this and protect our loved ones; more and in a better way than any government ever could. All we need to do is be prepared for the worst like the world is coming to an end, and only then will you be able to survive. C Frank Marshall's Ultimate Survival Code will walk you through, step by step and help you restore the lost faith in yourself. It will guide you on to what you should do to survive any disaster, man­made or natural, on your own, with the right kind of advance preparation. It talks about disaster management at the most basic levels and how being prepared at an early stage can save you a lot of grief later. It is a survival guide based on the real­life experiences of an army man aiming to teach you the basic survival methods when a disaster strikes. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人类在面对灾难时，由于过度依赖现代文明而失去了基本的生存本能。作者借此呼吁人们恢复自我生存能力。 C 1.What does the underlined word “creator” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Nature. B．Achievement. C．Mankind. D．Government. 解析：指代判断题。根据画线词所在句“Then why is it ... more than the creator？(那么，为什么我们会变得如此依赖我们的创造物，以至于我们开始对创造物的信任超过创造者？)”可推知，画线词creator指创造这些人类的发明或成果的主体，即人类自身。故选C。 C 2．What does the writer recommend us to do in disasters? A．Be equipped with multiple skills. B．Be appreciative of human's creations. C．Be calm and dependent on our capabilities. D．Be faithful about the help from governments. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We are well equipped ... be able to survive.”可知，作者建议我们在灾难面前保持冷静，依靠自己的能力，并做好充分的准备。故选C。 C 3．What might the writer agree with? A．A full preparation can help you survive the disasters. B．Animals are better survivors than humans in disasters. C．A pandemic is the cause of the loss of logical thinking. D．Modernization is to blame for the panic we are in. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Frank Marshall's Ultimate Survival Code ... advance preparation.(Frank Marshall(弗兰克·马歇尔)的《终极生存法则》将一步步引导你，帮助你恢复对自己失去的信心。它将指导你如何通过适当的提前准备独自度过任何灾难，无论是人为的还是自然的。)”可推知，作者同意充分的准备可以帮助你度过灾难。故选A。 C 4．What might Frank Marshall be? A．A noted psychologist. B．A retired soldier. C．A film review writer. D．A magazine publisher. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It is a survival guide ... when a disaster strikes.(这是一本基于一个军人的真实生活经历的生存指南，旨在教你灾难发生时的基本生存方法。)”可推知，Frank Marshall可能是一位退休的士兵。故选B。 C 词汇：①logically adv. 逻辑上；合乎逻辑地　②currently adv. 现时，当前　③outbreak n. 爆发，突然发生　④be dependent on 依赖于…… ⑤be equipped with 配备有……；装有…… 佳句：With the development of the society, we have gained a lot of comfort and ease in our lifestyle, but unfortunately, with this cozy life, we have lost touch with our basic instincts. 随着社会的发展，我们的生活方式变得舒适和安逸，但不幸的是，在这种舒适的生活中，我们失去了基本的生存本能。 C D (2024·山东省菏泽市高三质量检测(二))In an era of digital technology, the art of writing by hand has slowly been downgraded to a past entertainment. However, recent research suggests that this physical act is essential to brain health and development, having multiple cognitive (认知的) benefits. It is time we should reevaluate the potential benefits it may have on our mental capacities. According to numerous studies, writing by hand stimulates more complex and diverse brain connections essential for encoding new information and forming memories. For instance, a recent investigation found that brain connectivity patterns were far more complicated and widespread for participants who wrote by hand compared to those who typed. Thus, it is clear that handwriting has a distinct and significant impact on our brain health. D Handwriting isn't just good for our brains health—it also has clear, practical benefits. Research has shown that students who take handwritten notes score significantly higher on quizzes, demonstrating improved learning. This extends beyond the classroom too. People who recorded information on paper calendars demonstrated more brain activity and recalled information faster than those who used smartphones. The act of handwriting, therefore, could be a valuable tool for students preparing for exams and adults managing daily tasks. D Despite its clear benefits, handwriting has been on the decline. However, 25 states in the US have reintroduced writing back into school curriculums. This is a step in the right direction, as previous research has also indicated that handwriting is essential in children's brain development. Preliterate (未识字的) children who wrote by hand demonstrated brain activity in a circuit of the brain used in learning to read, further strengthening the link between handwriting and cognitive development. D It is clear that handwriting is a valuable activity that has the potential to enhance our brain health, learning, memory, and problem­solving skills. As we continue to navigate the digital age, it is important not to overlook the value of this seemingly simple activity. So, the next time you reach for your keyboard, remember the benefits of picking up a pen instead. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了书写对我们的心智能力的益处，未来它将成为教育的重要组成部分。 D 1．What do people usually think of handwriting at present? A．It has become an old­fashioned skill. B．It has many cognitive benefits in life. C．It has been replaced by digital devices. D．It has been a popular entertainment. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In an era of ... a past entertainment.”可知，目前，人们通常把手写看成一种已经过时的技能。故选A。 D 2．What does the author mainly show about handwriting in Paragraph 3? A．It is beneficial to brain health. B．It helps students score higher on quizzes. C．It stimulates diverse brain connection. D．It has good effects on learning and memory. 解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Research has shown ... who used smartphones.(研究表明，做手写笔记的学生在测验中得分明显更高，这表明他们的学习能力有所提高。这也延伸到了课堂之外。在纸质日历上记录信息的人比使用智能手机的人大脑活动更活跃，回忆信息的速度也更快。)”可知，该段主要讲述手写对学习和记忆的影响。故选D。 D 3．Why is previous research mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To make a comparison. B．To add further evidence. C．To show different opinions. D．To explain the brain activity. 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“as previous research has also ... cognitive development(因为之前的研究也表明，书写对儿童的大脑发育至关重要。识字之前用手写字的儿童在学习阅读的大脑回路中表现出大脑活动，进一步加强了书写和认知发展之间的联系)”可推知，该段提及之前的研究是为了进一步证实书写的好处。故选B。 D 4．What's the purpose of the passage? A．To illustrate a finding on handwriting. B．To emphasize the importance of handwriting. C．To show the wide application of handwriting. D．To introduce the artistic value of handwriting. 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章论述了书写对我们的心智能力的益处，希望读者重视书写。由此可推知，文章的目的是强调书写的重要性。故选B。 D 词汇：①stimulate v. 促进，激发　②investigation n. 调查，审查　③distinct adj. 明显的；不同的，有区别的　④demonstrate v. 证明；示范，演示；表露　⑤potential adj. 潜在的，可能的　n. (事物的)潜力，可能性　⑥on the decline 在衰退中 佳句：As we continue to navigate the digital age, it is important not to overlook the value of this seemingly simple activity. 当我们继续在数字时代航行时，重要的是不要忽视这个看似简单的活动的价值。 D E (2024·河南省商丘市部分名校高三模拟(三))Ten million Americans are considering freelancing (从事自由职业), according to Upwork's Great Resignation survey. Among those planning to quit their jobs, 52% are giving freelancing serious consideration. What's more, many are choosing freelancing over full­time work; it's no longer just a fallback or a side job. E 43 One of the key benefits of freelancing is that you get to choose your own workload. Unrealistic expectations at work and the lack of boundaries have seen many a full­time worker burn out. However, freelancers have much more control over their workloads. This is not to say that freelancers don't burn out. They manage their workload better and prioritize other aspects of their life. They don't usually get to choose their boss or their teammates at a traditional job. They get to choose who they work with. Unlike full­time workers, freelancers have greater freedom to do the work they enjoy—and say no to the work they don't. This results in greater job satisfaction. E 44 Of course, there are disadvantages of pursuing freelancing. Employees in many countries receive benefits that are part of their employment contracts. When you're a freelancer, you work for yourself so you let go of these benefits. Your workload may be inconsistent. Sometimes when it rains, it pours and you may have multiple projects on your plate. At other times, you may not have much work. This fluctuation in cash flow can feel like a huge negative for new freelancers. As a business owner, your business's success or failure is entirely dependent on you, which can feel overwhelming. You will also have to learn to become your own best advocate, promoting your products to find new projects and clients and expand your business. E 45 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章分析了从事自由职业的利弊。 Of course, to freelance or not to freelance depends on yourself. Anyway, businesses are increasingly adding skills. Independent professionals are powering the rebuild. Therefore, more businesses are open to remote work, hiring talent irrespective of their distance from a corporate office. This changing attitude has increased the number of opportunities for freelancers to find high­paying and meaningful work. E 46 1．What contributes to a freelancer's greater job satisfaction? A．Making self­selection of job types. B．Being free from taking responsibility. C．Enjoying welfare provided by government. D．Developing harmonious interpersonal relationships. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unlike full­time workers ... This results in greater job satisfaction.”可知，自行选择工作类型使自由职业者有更大的工作满意度。故选A。 E 47 2．What does the underlined word “fluctuation” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Development. B．Unsteadiness. C．Inefficiency. D．Exchange. 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Sometimes when it rains ... you may not have much work.(有时，祸不单行，你可能有多个项目要做。在其他时候，你可能没有太多的工作。)”可知，画线词所在句意为“这种现金流的波动对新的自由职业者来说可能是一个巨大的负面影响”。因此，fluctuation意为“波动，不稳定性”。故选B。 E 48 3．What will a freelancer have to do to develop his business? A．Market himself. B．Consult professionals. C．Depend on clients. D．Improve employment contracts. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“You will also have to learn ... and expand your business.”可推知，为了开发业务，自由职业者不得不自己营销。故选A。 E 49 4．What does the author think of the future of freelancing? A．Challenging. B．Unpredictable. C．Promising. D．Changeless. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Therefore, more businesses ... meaningful work.(因此，越来越多的企业对远程工作持开放态度，雇用人才时不再考虑他们与公司办公室的距离。这种态度的改变增加了自由职业者找到高薪和有意义工作的机会。)”可推知，作者认为自由职业者的未来前景很好。故选C。 E 50 词汇：①consideration n. 考虑，斟酌；体贴，关心 ②expectation n. 期待，预期　③prioritize v. 按优先顺序列出　④negative adj. 负面的；消极的；否定的　n. 否定　⑤overwhelming adj. 难以抗拒的，令人不知所措的；巨大的，压倒性的 ⑥burn out 疲惫不堪；精疲力竭；烧毁 佳句：Sometimes when it rains, it pours and you may have multiple projects on your plate. 有时，祸不单行，你可能有多个项目要做。 E 51 R $$