组合练(13) 阅读理解主题练 4选1阅读＋7选5阅读-【步步高】2024年高考英语大二轮专题复习与增分策略（新高考）

组合练(十三)　阅读理解主题练　四选一阅读＋七选五阅读 Ⅰ.四选一阅读 A (2023·山东济南二模) For thousands of years，buildings have been used to show off power and wealth，to honor leaders or religions，and to stretch the limits of architecture.Since the 19th century，high-rise buildings have sprung up all over the world，showing the modern architecture wonders. The Empire State Building The Empire State Building，a 102-story building，was completed in New York in 1931 and was the tallest in the world until 1971.While the Empire State Building was built to be an office building，it still draws millions of tourists each year for overlooking New York.It is currently admired for its green architecture initiatives，in an effort to be a more energy-efficient and eco-friendly green building. The Jin Mao Building Completed in 1999 and standing 420.5 meters high，the Jin Mao Building is China’s tallest high-rise building.Located in Pudong District of Shanghai，the Jin Mao Tower is the 8th super tall 88-floor building，which represents the belief in Chinese culture that the number 8 brings fortune.With both modern and traditional characteristics，the Jin Mao Building is a symbol and landmark of Shanghai and a must-see for any tourist wishing for a taste of modern Shanghai. Taipei 101 With a height of 508 meters，Taipei 101 or formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Center became the world’s tallest building when it was completed in 2003.Designed by C．Y.Lee & Partners，the multi-use steel and glass high-rise was intended to prevent typhoons and earthquakes.Taipei 101 has developed into the outstanding landmark of the area，and the ideal shopping and relaxing place for locals. 语篇解读　这是一篇应用文，主题语境是“人与社会”。文章主要介绍了世界上三座现代的高层建筑奇迹。 1．What is the Empire State Building recently recognized for? A．Its functions. B．Its numerous visitors. C．Its wealth and power. D．Its going-green ideas. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据The Empire State Building部分的“It is currently admired for its green architecture initiatives，in an effort to be a more energy-efficient and eco-friendly green building.”可知，帝国大厦是一座节能环保的绿色建筑，目前因其环保建筑倡议而闻名。故选D。 2．What do Taipei 101 and the Jin Mao Building have in common? A．They are landmark buildings. B．They feature traditional cultures. C．They were built in the 20th century. D．They were designed for natural disasters. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据The Jin Mao Building 部分的“the Jin Mao Building is a symbol and landmark of Shanghai”以及Taipei 101部分的“Taipei 101 has developed into the outstanding landmark of the area”可知，金茂大厦和台北101大楼都是地标性建筑。故选A。 3．What is the purpose of this text? A．To promote green buildings. B．To recommend tourist attractions. C．To introduce famous tall buildings. D．To advertise the high-rise buildings. 答案　C 解析　写作意图题。根据第一段的“Since the 19th century，high-rise buildings have sprung up all over the world，showing the modern architecture wonders.”并综合全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界上三座现代的高层建筑奇迹，所以文章的目的是介绍著名的高层建筑。故选C。 B (2023·浙江温州三模) Recently I bought a book about signposts.Signposts aren’t very interesting，you’re thinking.Well，that，of course，depends on whether you happen to be lost！Ancient travelers would have been grateful for these when settlements were smaller and further apart.In winter，the ability to reach shelter for the night could be the difference between life and death. One of the very earliest waymarks that have been discovered is in Cumbria.Dating from Roman times，it had lain fallen until 1836，when a farmer ploughing his fields came across a sandstone shaft(碑文)．There are other stone posts that have stood by roadsides for centuries.It wasn’t until 1697 that an act was passed declaring that guide-stones must be built. This applied to remote parts of the country where there might be confusion as to which path led to the nearest market town.Later，with the appearance of the Royal Mail，the number rose still further.Nowadays many of these early road signs are designated(指定) as Listed Monuments. “How times change！” Lucy，an enthusiastic walker，to whom I loaned the book，exclaimed. “I suppose now we all rely far more upon mobile phones to guide us.” “Yet they aren’t perfect.Whenever I go out，I prefer a map.I never have to worry about running out of battery.” “I’m always grateful to whoever is placing waymarks along the route，” she added.“I suppose that however sure we are，a little outside confirmation is always welcome.” Lucy is quite right there.Life itself can offer us a great many choices of path，and sometimes it isn’t easy to know if we’ve chosen the best one. Perhaps when it comes to gratitude，we should also include thanks for those people who appear in our lives when we most need them—either giving us gentle warning that we might be heading in the wrong direction，or reassurance that we are on the right track.After all，we’d be lost without them! 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主题语境是“人与自我”。文章主要讲述了作者最近买了一本关于路标的书以及从书中了解到关于路标的知识。 4．What does the underlined word “these” in the first paragraph refer to? A．Signposts. B．Abilities. C．Settlements. D．Shelters. 答案　A 解析　代词指代题。根据画线词上文“Recently I bought a book about signposts.Signposts aren’t very interesting，you’re thinking.Well，that，of course，depends on whether you happen to be lost！”及画线词所在句“Ancient travelers would have been grateful for these when settlements were smaller and further apart.”可知，画线单词these指代的就是上文中提到的路标。故选A。 5．What contributed to the initial spread of signposts? A．The market trade. B．The act passed in 1697. C．The discovery of the sandstone. D．The appearance of the Loyal Mail. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段末句“It wasn’t until 1697 that an act was passed declaring that guide-stones must be built.”可知，直到1697年才颁布了一道法令宣布必须修建导向石，即路标。故选B。 6．What does Lucy think of signposts? A．Popular. B．Outdated. C．Imperfect. D．Helpful. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据第七段“‘I’m always grateful to whoever is placing waymarks along the route，’ she added.‘I suppose that however sure we are，a little outside confirmation is always welcome.’”可知，露西认为路标是有帮助的。故选D。 7．What does the author learn from signposts? A．To choose right tracks. B．To live a colorful life. C．To have a grateful mind. D．To offer practical choices. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为我们应该感谢那些在我们最需要的时候出现的人们，是他们指引我们走在正确的方向上。因此可推知，作者从路标中学到了要怀有感恩的心。故选C。 C (2023·福建厦门质检) For a century，Jordan Creek cut across downtown Springfield.Over the decades，the stream regularly flooded into the city’s commercial heart.Residents had been tired of the floods so they created concrete banks to cage the stream and in 1932 buried the waterway，hiding it in culverts(排水管) under city streets.It was man’s attempt to control floodwater.That was the old way of thinking. For a while，that controlled the floods.But the roads and other hard surfaces prevented water from going into the ground and allowing more rainwater into the enclosed streams than they could handle.Eventually，the water won.The neighborhood flooded in 2000,2008 and 2016.For two decades，the city discussed freeing the stream and allowing water to run over the floodplain.Finally，a project to uncover 1,100 feet of Jordan Creek and build three bridges is moving forward.The new way of thinking is to give the water some room，leave some areas for floods and just let nature be nature. Uncovering buried waterways to bring them back to life is a process known as “daylighting”．Coverings are removed and an attempt is made to restore the natural flow and the surrounding ecosystem. The primary goal of the project is flood control.But the work has a variety of benefits.Native plantings will help improve the water quality by filtering(过滤) rainwater.The stream will replace an unsightly landscape and become a “string of pearls(珍珠)” connecting parks and green areas in the city’s “Quality of Place” initiative. The benefits go beyond that.Stream restoration is neighborhood restoration.The project may promote economic development and increase property values and tax revenue.While the projects can be expensive，they end costly maintenance.Returning to nature is cheaper than maintaining concrete culverts. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主题语境是“人与自然”。文章主要介绍了人们治理约旦河的新方法——将原来掩埋的河道挖开，并介绍了该办法带来的好处。 8．What did Springfield citizens in the 1930s probably believe? A．Man can control nature. B．Life is prior to development. C．Business is the heart of a city. D．Residents should not live by a river. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Residents had been tired of the floods so they created concrete banks to cage the stream and in 1932 buried the waterway...It was man’s attempt to control floodwater.That was the old way of thinking.”可知，斯普林菲尔德的市民起初通过修建混凝土河岸、掩埋河道等方法控制洪水，由此可推知，20世纪30年代斯普林菲尔德的市民可能认为人类可以控制大自然的力量，故选A。 9．What was one result of covering Jordan Creek? A．Three bridges were removed. B．Water went into the ground. C．Floods hit the neighborhood. D．Rainwater was well handled. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“in 1932 buried the waterway，hiding it in culverts(排水管) under city streets”和第二段中“Eventually，the water won.The neighborhood flooded in 2000,2008 and 2016.”可知，人们掩埋水道后，洪水袭击了社区。故选C。 10．Which aspect of the project does paragraph 4 mainly discuss? A．Economic value. B．Construction planning. C．Flood management. D．Environmental impact. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第四段中“The primary goal of the project is flood control.But the work has a variety of benefits.”及下文的介绍可知，第四段主要讨论了该项目对环境带来的影响，故选D。 11．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Solution That Proves a Problem B．Old Thinking Inspires New Changes C．“Buried” Streams Turn into Urban Centers D．“Daylighting” Buried Waterways to Refresh Cities 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了人们治理约旦河的新方法——将原来掩埋的河道挖开，并介绍了该办法带来的好处，D项“让地下水道‘重见光明’，使城市焕然一新”符合文章大意，适合作文章标题，故选D。 D (2023·湖南邵阳三模) Construction has started on the largest telescope array(阵列) on Earth.The Square Kilometre Array (SKA)，which will contain hundreds of radio antennae(天线) spread across two continents，is now under construction in both South Africa’s Karoo region and Western Australia’s Murchison Shire. Together，the two sites—named SKA-Mid and SKA-Low，for the types of radio frequencies they will primarily detect—will enable high-resolution imaging of the whole sky，according to the Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO)，the organization that oversees the telescope.The sensitivity of the telescope will allow scientists to pick up even faint signals left over from the earliest days of the universe. “The SKA project plan has been many years in the making，” SKAO committee chair Catherine Cesarsky said in an address at the South Africa site on Dec.5.“Today，we gather here to mark another important chapter in this 30-year journey that we’ve been on together，a journey to deliver the world’s largest scientific instrument.” The Australia site will host 131,072 low-frequency antennae placed as far as 65 kilometers apart.Together，they’ll act as a radio telescope with a lens spanning nearly 400,000 square meters.Each antenna station is 2 meters tall and contains 256 antennae in an arrangement that looks a bit like a pine tree.By catching very-low-frequency signals from the whole sky，SKA-Low will be able to dig into some of the oldest echoes left over from the first billion years of the universe. The site is on the land of the Native Wajarri Yamaji，who signed a land-use agreement to ensure that the telescope did not interfere with any cultural sites and that locals would receive economic and educational benefits from the site.As a part of the agreement，the Wajarri Yamaji awarded the traditional name “Inyarrimanha Ilgari Bundara” on the site，which means “sharing the sky and stars”． Scientists around the world plan to use data from the telescope to study questions ranging from the fundamental nature of dark energy to the nature of mysterious fast radio bursts from distant galaxies(星系)． 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主题语境是“人与自然”。文章主要介绍了一个世界上最大的望远镜阵列正在建造。 12．What do scientists probably care about the telescope under construction? A．Its size. B．Its location. C．Its sensitivity. D．Its cost. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“The sensitivity of the telescope will allow scientists to pick up even faint signals left over from the earliest days of the universe.”可知，正在建造中的望远镜的灵敏度可以使科学家们接收到宇宙最早期的无线电波信号。因此可推知，科学家们可能关心正在建造的望远镜的灵敏度。故选C。 13．What can be inferred from the third paragraph? A．The SKA project is about a 30-year journey. B．The SKA project has been planned for decades. C．The biggest telescope has been constructed for years. D．The biggest telescope will be shown at the South Africa site. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The SKA project plan has been many years in the making”及“in this 30-year journey”可推断出，SKA项目已经计划了几十年。故选B。 14．What does the underlined word “host” mean in paragraph 4? A．Chair. B．Possess. C．Organize. D．Sponsor. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段内容可知，此段主要介绍了澳大利亚建筑点的构成和规模，因此可推知，画线词此处意为“拥有”。故选B。 15．How was the Australia site attained? A．Negotiating with the land owner. B．Making agreement with the scientists. C．Applying to the local government. D．Purchasing from the native village. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容并结合常识可知，澳大利亚的建筑地点的获得是与土地所有者进行了协商，签署了协议。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读 (2023·湖南衡阳二模) Navigation(导航) skills seem to come naturally to some—but others aren’t so lucky.If you are lacking in a sense of direction，especially sick of taking wrong turns，here’s how to start finding your way. To begin with，I have to be frank that I have an interest in researching this topic because my own sense of direction is absolutely rubbish. 16 I can find my way there easily enough because there are signs pointing me in the right direction.But getting back to my dining table is another story.After all，there are no helpful signs saying，“This is where you were sitting less than five minutes ago，Jane.” However，good news is that according to scientists the hippocampus(海马体)—the part of the brain associated with navigation—expands to accommodate the mental maps of those who are puzzled with directions. 17 They just need to work at it. Firstly，it’s a good idea to put the GPS away.In a University of Nottingham study，drivers who had followed step-by-step GPS instructions found it harder to work out where they’d been. 18 19 Not least it is because the amount of mental energy it requires means it’s more likely to stick in your mind.Looking at online maps on a big screen—or even studying a paper map—also allows you to get a sense of that all-important bigger picture and how everywhere fits together. Finally，try to relax when you’re on unfamiliar ground. 20 But this sudden burst of anxiety will only increase your pressure and prevent you from calmly working out which way to go. A．I always get lost when I am out. B．Yes，they can improve the sense of direction. C．Take popping to the toilet in a restaurant for example. D．They even failed to notice they’d been past the same place. E．However，they can finally manage the direction completely. F．It’s all too easy to get panicked by the suspicion of getting lost. G．Studying a larger map and memorizing the route in advance can be helpful. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主题语境是“人与自我”。文章主要讲了方向感是可以培养的，并介绍了几种培养方向感的方法。 16．答案　C 解析　细节句。由下文可知，此处作者在以自己为例，讲述自己方向感很差，在餐馆找不到回到自己原来位置的路。因此C项“以在餐馆上厕所为例”符合语境，故选C。 17．答案　B 解析　细节句。上文“those who are puzzled with directions”以及下文“They just need to work at it.”可知主语上下文相同，都由“they”指代“those who”，再根据上下文语境可知，B项“是的，他们可以改善方向感”与下文连接顺畅。故选B。 18．答案　D 解析　细节句。由上文可知，有些司机仅仅靠GPS很难找到方向，空格处应进一步说明方向感差带来的后果，因此D项“他们甚至没有注意到自己经过了同一个地方”符合语境。故选D。 19．答案　G 解析　主旨句。由本段末句可知，设空处提出的培养方向感的方法，不仅更能让人印象深刻，而且在看在线地图或纸质地图时，可以让人更好地找到目的地。空格处是本段主旨句。因此G项“研究一张更大的地图并提前记住路线可能会有所帮助”能够概括段意。故选G。 20．答案　F 解析　过渡句。上文“Finally，try to relax when you’re on unfamiliar ground.”说明的是在不熟悉的地方要保持冷静放松，设空处随即解释保持放松的原因，同时下文“But this sudden burst of anxiety”与F项中的“get panicked”相呼应，因此F项“人们很容易因为有迷路的感觉而惊慌失措”符合语境，故选F。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$