2025届高考英语阅读理解&词汇记忆超能力养成秘籍（2018年全国I卷 高考英语真题精讲）

高考英语阅读理解&词汇记忆超能力养成秘籍 （2018年全国I卷 高考英语真题精讲） 2018全国1卷A 词汇背诵 1. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. reserve 预订 3. spot 地点 4. before availability 在可用性之前 5. cherry 樱桃 6. blossoms 花朵 7. disappear 消失 8. knowledgeable guides 知识渊博的导游 9. entertain 娱乐 10. interesting 有趣的 11. presidents 总统 12. congress 国会 13. memorials 纪念碑 14. riders 骑行者 15. are equipped with 配备了 16. reflective vests 反光背心 17. safety lights 安全灯 18. tour 旅行团/游览 19. book in advance 提前预订 20. famous 著名的 21. national park 国家公园 22. visit well-known museums 参观知名博物馆 23. cameras 相机 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. reserve 3. spot 4. before availability 5. cherry 6. blossoms 7. disappear 8. knowledgeable guides 9. entertain 10. interesting 11. presidents 12. congress 13. memorials 14. riders 15. are equipped with 16. reflective vests 17. safety lights 18. tour 19. book in advance 20. famous 21. national park 22. visit well-known museums 23. cameras 2018全国1卷A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (7miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 21. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights. 2018全国1卷A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour In Washington D.C. Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (7miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 21. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights. 2018全国1卷A 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了在Washington, D.C. 骑自行车旅行的四条路线的相关行程及注意事项。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.中的Reserve your spot before availability可知，这个骑行项目需要提前预约。故选A。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.中的Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.可知，在这个活动中，你可以享受有趣的故事。故选D。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour中的All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。故选D。 全文翻译： 华盛顿特区自行车之旅 华盛顿特区樱花自行车之旅 时长：3小时 这个小型团体自行车之旅是观赏华盛顿特区世界闻名的樱花树和美丽花朵的绝佳方式。你的导游将提供关于这些树木和它们盛开的著名纪念碑的历史课程。在樱花消失之前预订你的位置吧！ 华盛顿首都纪念碑自行车之旅 时长：3小时（4英里） 加入一个有导游的自行车之旅，观赏华盛顿特区最受欢迎的一些纪念碑。在你的导游在每个站点分享独特的事实和历史时，探索国家广场上的纪念碑和纪念物。导游之旅包括自行车、头盔、饼干和瓶装水。 华盛顿特区首都城市自行车之旅 时长：3小时 无论是上午还是下午，这个自行车之旅都非常适合新来华盛顿特区的人和当地居民，他们希望以最小的努力以健康的方式体验华盛顿特区。知识渊博的导游将用关于总统、国会、纪念碑和公园的最有趣的故事来娱乐你。舒适的自行车和顺畅的游览路线使在景点之间的骑行变得有趣和放松。 华盛顿特区首都夜间自行车之旅 时长：3小时（7英里） 加入一个小型团体自行车之旅，在华盛顿特区的中心进行一晚的探索。当你在国会山和国家广场的遗址骑行时，近距离接触纪念碑和纪念物。频繁停车拍照，导游提供独特的事实和历史。旅行包括自行车、头盔和瓶装水。所有骑行者都配备了反光背心和安全灯。 21. 你需要提前预订哪个旅行团？ A. 华盛顿特区樱花自行车之旅。 B. 华盛顿首都纪念碑自行车之旅。 C. 华盛顿特区首都城市自行车之旅。 D. 华盛顿特区首都夜间自行车之旅。 22. 在首都城市自行车之旅中你会做什么？ A. 遇见名人。 B. 去国家公园。 C. 参观知名博物馆。 D. 享受有趣的故事。 23. 以下哪项是夜间自行车之旅提供的？ A. 城市地图。 B. 相机。 C. 餐食。 D. 安全灯。 2018全国1卷B 词汇背诵 1. is used to grilling guests 习惯于激烈采访嘉宾 2. sofa 沙发 3. cooking up a storm in her latest role 在她的最新角色中大展身手 4. prepare 准备 5. delicious and nutritious 美味且营养 6. meals 餐食 7. on a tight budget 在紧张的预算下 8. with the help of 在...的帮助下 9. chef 厨师 10. offers top tips 提供顶级建议 11. reduce food waste 减少食物浪费 12. preparing recipes 准备食谱 13. per family 每个家庭 14. viewers 观众 15. advice 建议 16. value 价值 17. the vast range of health products 广泛的健康产品 18. market 市场 19. weekly household expense 每周家庭支出 20. special 特别的 21. come to the aid of 援助 22. in need of some delicious inspiration 需要一些美味的灵感 23. transforms 转变 24. celebration 庆祝 25. expensive 昂贵的 26. tasty 美味的 27. embarrassing 令人尴尬的 28. a new programme 一个新的节目 29. dislikes 讨厌 30. a light budget 预算紧张 31. cooking materials 烹饪材料 32. prepares food 准备食物 33. assists her in 协助她 34. cooking matters 烹饪事宜 35. invites 邀请 36. intend to 打算 37. summarize the previous paragraphs 总结前几段 38. provide some advice for the readers 为读者提供一些建议 39. add some background information 添加一些背景信息 40. introduce a new topic for discussion 引入一个新话题进行讨论 41. a suitable title 一个合适的标题 42. keeping fit 保持健康 43. eating smart 聪明饮食 44. balancing our daily diet 平衡我们的每日饮食 45. perfect 完美的 2018全国1卷B 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. is used to grilling guests 3. sofa 4. cooking up a storm in her latest role 5. prepare 6. delicious and nutritious 7. meals 8. on a tight budget 9. with the help of 10. chef 11. offers top tips 12. reduce food waste 13. preparing recipes 14. per family 15. viewers 16. advice 17. value 18. the vast range of health products 19. market 20. weekly household expense 21. special 22. come to the aid of 23. in need of some delicious inspiration 24. transforms 25. celebration 26. expensive 27. tasty 28. embarrassing 29. a new programme 30. dislikes 31. a light budget 32. cooking materials 33. prepares food 34. assists her in 35. cooking matters 36. invites 37. intend to 38. summarize the previous paragraphs 39. provide some advice for the readers 40. add some background information 41. introduce a new topic for discussion 42. a suitable title 43. keeping fit 44. eating smart 45. balancing our daily diet 46. perfect 2018全国1卷B Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11. "We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. " The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme. C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a light budget for her family. 25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids. C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her. 26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 27.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less 2018全国1卷B Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11. "We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. " The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme. C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a light budget for her family. 25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids. C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her. 26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 27.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less 2018全国1卷B 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选B。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day.可知，Susanna在厨师Matt Tebbutt的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时花费低于£5的一个家庭一整天的食谱。故选C。解题关键词：同义词表达with the help of和help。 【26题详解】 写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.可知，Save Money: Good Food节目是Save Money: Good Health节目之后，给观众一些建议：如何从市场上众多的健康产品中获取价值。也就是给这个节目补充背景信息，故选C。 【27题详解】 主旨要义题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章中的prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.（在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口且有营养的饭菜）；how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. 如何减少食物浪费同时花费低于£5的一个家庭一整天的食谱；how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. 我们自己做这种食物有多便宜；less expensive but still tasty recipes.不贵但仍然可口的食谱。故D项Cooking Well for Less是最佳标题。 全文翻译： 英国早安的苏珊娜·里德习惯了每天早上在沙发上对嘉宾进行激烈采访，但在她的最新角色中，她正在掀起一场风暴——向家庭展示如何在紧张的预算下准备美味且营养的餐食。 在《省钱：好食物》节目中，她每周访问一个不同的家庭，并在厨师马特·特布特的帮助下提供如何减少食物浪费的顶级贴士，同时为每个家庭每天准备低于5英镑的食谱。这位《英国早安》的主持人表示，她已经能够将自己学到的很多东西付诸实践，为自己14岁的儿子萨姆、13岁的芬恩和11岁的杰克准备餐食。 “我们喜欢墨西哥吉事果，所以我从我当地的墨西哥外卖餐厅用手机购买它们，”她解释道。“我为一份支付5英镑，但马特每份只需26便士，因为它们是面粉、水、糖和油制成的。每个人都可以买外卖食品，但有时我们并不知道我们可以自己以多么低的成本制作这些食物。” 这个八部分系列节目《省钱：好食物》紧随ITV的《省钱：好健康》之后，后者给观众提供了如何从市场上众多健康产品中获得价值的建议。 随着食物成为我们每周最大的家庭支出，苏珊娜和马特每周都会与一个不同的家庭共度时光。在今晚的复活节特别节目中，他们帮助一个需要在预算内获得一些美味灵感的家庭。团队用更便宜但仍然美味的食谱改变了家庭漫长的周末庆祝活动。 24. 关于苏珊娜·里德我们了解到什么？ A. 她喜欢让嘉宾尴尬。 B. 她开始了一个新的节目。 C. 她不喜欢一大早工作。 D. 她为家庭预算很紧张。 25. 马特·特布特如何帮助苏珊娜？ A. 他为她购买烹饪材料。 B. 他为她的孩子准备食物。 C. 他协助她处理烹饪事宜。 D. 他为她邀请嘉宾家庭。 26. 作者在第四段打算做什么？ A. 总结前几段。 B. 为读者提供一些建议。 C. 提供一些背景信息。 D. 引入一个新话题进行讨论。 27. 文章的合适标题是什么？ A. 通过聪明饮食保持健康 B. 平衡我们的每日饮食 C. 让自己成为一个完美厨师 D. 少花钱烹饪得好 2018全国1卷C 词汇背诵 1. languages 语言 2. for thousands of years 数千年来 3. in recent times 近来，最近时期 4. populated 居住着 5. hunter-gatherers 狩猎采集者 6. tightly 紧密地 7. developed their own patterns of speech 发展出他们自己的语言模式 8. independent of each other 相互独立 9. experts 专家 10. ten million people 一千万人 11. perhaps 可能，或许 12. trade 贸易 13. industrialization 工业化 14. the development of the nation-state 民族国家的发展 15. the spread of universal compulsory education 普及义务教育的推广 16. especially 特别是 17. globalisation 全球化 18. communications 通讯 19. caused 导致 20. disappear 消失 21. increasingly taking over 越来越多地取代 22. at present 目前 23. speakers 使用者 24. mere 仅仅，只不过 25. which means... 这意味着... 26. are close to 接近 27. elderly speakers 老年使用者 28. left 剩下 29. infer about 推断 30. large in number 数量庞大 31. similar patterns 相似的模式 32. were closely connected 紧密相连 33. explains 解释 34. underlined 划线 35. complex 复杂的 36. advanced 先进的 37. powerful 强大的 38. modern 现代的 39. less than 少于 40. created 创建 41. lifestyles 生活方式 42. reflected 反映 43. results in 导致 44. geography 地理 45. determines 决定 46. evolution 演变，进化 2018全国1卷C 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. languages 3. for thousands of years 4. in recent times 5. populated 6. hunter-gatherers 7. tightly 8. developed their own patterns of speech 9. independent of each other 10. experts 11. ten million people 12. perhaps 13. trade 14. industrialization 15. the development of the nation-state 16. the spread of universal compulsory education 17. especially 18. globalisation 19. communications 20. caused 21. disappear 22. increasingly taking over 23. at present 24. speakers 25. mere 26. ,which means... 27. are close to 28. elderly speakers 29. left 30. infer about 31. large in number 32. similar patters 33. were closely connected 34. explains 35. underlined 36. complex 37. advanced 38. powerful 39. modern 40. less than 41. created 42. lifestyles 43. reflected 44. results in 45. geography 46. determines 47. evolution 2018全国1卷C Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected 29. Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？ A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern. 30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A. About 6,800 . B. About 3,400 C. About 2,400 D. About 1,200. 31. What is the main idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages. C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution. 2018全国1卷C Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected. 29. Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？ A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern. 30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A. About 6,800 . B. About 3,400 C. About 2,400 D. About 1,200. 31. What is the main idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages. C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution. 2018全国1卷C 【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other... when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人组成的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式……当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了12,000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。 【29题详解】 猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在快速替代其他语言。由此推知dominant languages意为“强有力的语言”。故选C。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400。故选B。 【31题详解】 主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。 全文翻译： 语言已经来来去去了数千年，但最近时期，语言的产生变少了，消失的变多了。当世界还居住着狩猎采集者时，小型、紧密联系的群体独立发展出了他们自己的语言模式。一些语言专家认为，一万年前，当世界只有五到一千万人时，他们之间可能说着大约12000种语言。 不久之后，这些人中的许多开始定居成为农民，他们的语言也变得更稳定，数量也减少了。近几个世纪以来，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和普及义务教育的推广，特别是过去几十年的全球化和更好的通讯，都导致了许多语言的消失，像英语、西班牙语和汉语这样的主导语言越来越多地取而代之。 目前，世界上大约有6800种语言。这些语言的分布极其不均。一般规则是，温带地区的语言相对较少，通常被很多人使用，而炎热、湿润的地区则有很多，通常被少数人使用。欧洲只有大约200种语言：美洲大约1000种，非洲2400种；亚洲和太平洋地区大约3200种，其中仅巴布亚新几内亚就有800多种。语言使用者的中位数仅为6000，这意味着世界上一半的语言使用者少于这个数字。 已经有超过400种语言接近消亡，只剩下少数老年使用者。随机挑选，比如喀麦隆的布苏语（剩下8个使用者），墨西哥的查帕内科语（150个使用者），美国的利潘阿帕奇语（两三个使用者）或澳大利亚的瓦吉古语（一个使用者，带有疑问）：这些语言似乎都没有太大的生存机会。 28. 我们能推断出狩猎采集时期语言的什么特点？ A. 它们发展得非常快。B. 它们数量庞大。C. 它们有相似的模式。D. 它们紧密相连。 29. 下列哪项最能解释第二段中“dominant”的含义？ A. 复杂的。B. 先进的。C. 强大的。D. 现代的。 30. 目前有多少种语言的使用者少于6000人？ A. 大约6800种。B. 大约3400种。C. 大约2400种。D. 大约1200种。 31. 文章的主要观点是什么？ A. 将创造新的语言。 B. 人们的生活方式反映在语言中。 C. 人类的发展导致语言减少。 D. 地理决定语言的演变。 2018全国1卷D 词汇背诵 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. culture 文化 2. gets rid of 摆脱，丢弃 3. worn technology 磨损的技术 4. at the first sight of 一看到 5. shiny 闪亮的 6. go out of style 过时 7. environment 环境 8. wallets 钱包，这里指花费 9. outdated devices 过时的设备 10. consume 消耗 11. energy 能源 12. figure out 计算出，弄清楚 13. power 电力 14. colleagues 同事 15. tracked 追踪 16. environmental costs 环境成本 17. product 产品 18. throughout its life 整个生命周期 19. minerals are mined 矿物被开采 20. data 数据 21. researchers 研究人员 22. explored 探索 23. consumers 消费者 24. replaced 替换 25. products 产品 26. electronics 电子产品 27. serve more than one function 多功能 28. tablet 平板电脑 29. word processing 文字处理 30. TV viewing 电视观看 31. on-demand entertainment 点播娱乐 32. instead of 而不是 33. desktop computers 台式电脑 34. cut energy consumption 减少能源消耗 35. author 作者 36. environment-friendly 对环境友好的 37. quickly 快速地 38. conduct the research 进行研究 39. reduce 减少 40. test the life cycle of a product 测试产品的生命周期 41. update 更新 42. electricity consumption 电力消耗 43. following 下列的，以下的 44. suggest 建议 45. electronic devices 电子设备 46. take them apart 将它们拆开 47. upgrade 升级 48. recycle 回收 2018全国1卷D 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. culture 3. gets rid of 4. worn technology 5. at the first sight of 6. shiny 7. go out of style 8. environment 9. wallets 10. outdated devices 11. consume 12. energy 13. figure out 14. power 15. colleagues 16. tracked 17. environmental costs 18. product 19. throughout its life 20. minerals are mined 21. data 22. researchers 23. explored 24. consumers 25. replaced 26. products 27. electronics 28. serve more than one function 29. tablet 30. word processing 31. TV viewing 32. on-demand entertainment 33. instead of 34. desktop computers 35. cut energy consumption 36. author 37. environment-friendly 38. quickly 39. conduct the research 40. reduce 41. test the life cycle of a product 42. update 43. electricity consumption 44. following 45. suggest 46. electronic devices 47. take them apart 48. upgrade 49. recycle 2018全国1卷D We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 32. What does the author think of new devices? A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old. C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly. 33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research? A. To reduce the cost of minerals. B. To test the life cycle of a product. C. To update consumers on new technology. D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 34. Which of the following uses the least energy? A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet. C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer. 35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart. C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them. 2018全国1卷D We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 32. What does the author think of new devices? A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old. C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly. 33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research? A. To reduce the cost of minerals. B. To test the life cycle of a product. C. To update consumers on new technology. D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 34. Which of the following uses the least energy? A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet. C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer. 35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart. C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them. 2018全国1卷D 【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章指出纽约罗彻斯特理工学院的Callie Babbitt和她的同事研究证实：旧电子设备要比新设备耗能高，所以作者主张使用新电子设备，既经济又环保。 【32题详解】 观点态度题。根据文章第一段中的That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.可知，使用旧的电子设备对环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能量。由此推知作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。故选A。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life可知，Babbitt’s team研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电。故选D。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.可知，平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备，可以降低44%的耗能。故选B。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。故选A。 全文翻译： 我们可能认为自己是一种文化，一看到闪亮新奇的东西就会抛弃我们磨损的技术，但一项新研究表明，即使这些设备过时了，我们也会持续使用它们。这对环境——以及我们的钱包——是个坏消息，因为这些过时的设备比做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能源。 为了弄清楚这些设备使用了多少电力，Callie Babbitt和她的同事们在纽约的罗切斯特理工学院追踪了每个产品在其整个生命周期中的环境成本——从开采其矿物开始，直到我们停止使用这些设备。这种方法提供了自20世纪90年代初以来家庭能源使用如何演变的读数。设备按代分组——1992年定义了台式电脑、基本移动电话和盒式电视机。1997年数字相机出现在现场。2002年，MP3播放器、智能手机和液晶电视进入了家庭，然后是2007年出现的平板电脑和电子阅读器。 然而，随着我们积累了更多的设备，我们并没有扔掉旧的。“客厅的电视被替换后被放在孩子的房间里，突然有一天，你发现每个房间都有一台电视，”一位研究人员说。每个家庭的电子设备平均数量从1992年的4个增加到2007年的13个。我们不仅保留这些旧设备——我们还继续使用它们。根据Babbitt团队的分析，旧台式监视器和带有阴极射线管的盒式电视是最糟糕的设备，它们的能源消耗和对温室气体排放的贡献在1992年到2007年期间增加了一倍多。 那么解决方案是什么呢？团队的数据只到2007年，但研究人员还探索了如果消费者用一个多功能的新电子产品替换旧产品，比如一个用于文字处理和电视观看的平板电脑，会发生什么。他们发现，与电视和台式电脑相比，更多地在平板电脑上进行点播娱乐观看可以减少44%的能源消耗。 32. 作者对新设备有什么看法？ A. 它们对环境友好。B. 它们不比旧的好。C. 它们在家里使用成本更高。D. 它们很快就过时了。 33. Babbitt的团队为什么进行这项研究？ A. 为了降低矿物成本。 B. 为了测试产品的生命周期。 C. 为了向消费者更新新技术。 D. 为了找出设备的电力消耗。 34. 以下哪个设备使用的能量最少？ A. 盒式电视。B. 平板电脑。C. 液晶电视。D. 台式电脑。 35. 文章建议人们如何处理旧电子设备？ A. 停止使用它们。B. 把它们拆开。C. 升级它们。D. 回收它们。 $$ 高考英语阅读理解&词汇记忆超能力养成秘籍 （2018年全国I卷 高考英语真题精讲） 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2018全国1卷A 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. reserve 3. spot 4. before availability 5. cherry 6. blossoms 7. disappear 8. knowledgeable guides 9. entertain 10. interesting 11. presidents 12. congress 13. memorials 14. riders 15. are equipped with 16. reflective vests 17. safety lights 18. tour 19. book in advance 20. famous 21. national park 22. visit well-known museums 23. cameras 2018全国1卷A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (7miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 21. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights. 2018全国1卷A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour In Washington D.C. Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (7miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 21. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights. 2018全国1卷B 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. is used to grilling guests 3. sofa 4. cooking up a storm in her latest role 5. prepare 6. delicious and nutritious 7. meals 8. on a tight budget 9. with the help of 10. chef 11. offers top tips 12. reduce food waste 13. preparing recipes 14. per family 15. viewers 16. advice 17. value 18. the vast range of health products 19. market 20. weekly household expense 21. special 22. come to the aid of 23. in need of some delicious inspiration 24. transforms 25. celebration 26. expensive 27. tasty 28. embarrassing 29. a new programme 30. dislikes 31. a light budget 32. cooking materials 33. prepares food 34. assists her in 35. cooking matters 36. invites 37. intend to 38. summarize the previous paragraphs 39. provide some advice for the readers 40. add some background information 41. introduce a new topic for discussion 42. a suitable title 43. keeping fit 44. eating smart 45. balancing our daily diet 46. perfect 2018全国1卷B Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11. "We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. " The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme. C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a light budget for her family. 25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids. C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her. 26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 27.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less 2018全国1卷B Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11. "We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. " The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme. C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a light budget for her family. 25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids. C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her. 26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 27.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less 2018全国1卷C 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. languages 3. for thousands of years 4. in recent times 5. populated 6. hunter-gatherers 7. tightly 8. developed their own patterns of speech 9. independent of each other 10. experts 11. ten million people 12. perhaps 13. trade 14. industrialization 15. the development of the nation-state 16. the spread of universal compulsory education 17. especially 18. globalisation 19. communications 20. caused 21. disappear 22. increasingly taking over 23. at present 24. speakers 25. mere 26. ,which means... 27. are close to 28. elderly speakers 29. left 30. infer about 31. large in number 32. similar patters 33. were closely connected 34. explains 35. underlined 36. complex 37. advanced 38. powerful 39. modern 40. less than 41. created 42. lifestyles 43. reflected 44. results in 45. geography 46. determines 47. evolution 2018全国1卷C Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected 29. Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？ A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern. 30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A. About 6,800 . B. About 3,400 C. About 2,400 D. About 1,200. 31. What is the main idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages. C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution. 2018全国1卷C Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected. 29. Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？ A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern. 30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A. About 6,800 . B. About 3,400 C. About 2,400 D. About 1,200. 31. What is the main idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages. C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution. 2018全国1卷D 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. culture 3. gets rid of 4. worn technology 5. at the first sight of 6. shiny 7. go out of style 8. environment 9. wallets 10. outdated devices 11. consume 12. energy 13. figure out 14. power 15. colleagues 16. tracked 17. environmental costs 18. product 19. throughout its life 20. minerals are mined 21. data 22. researchers 23. explored 24. consumers 25. replaced 26. products 27. electronics 28. serve more than one function 29. tablet 30. word processing 31. TV viewing 32. on-demand entertainment 33. instead of 34. desktop computers 35. cut energy consumption 36. author 37. environment-friendly 38. quickly 39. conduct the research 40. reduce 41. test the life cycle of a product 42. update 43. electricity consumption 44. following 45. suggest 46. electronic devices 47. take them apart 48. upgrade 49. recycle 2018全国1卷D We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 32. What does the author think of new devices? A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old. C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly. 33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research? A. To reduce the cost of minerals. B. To test the life cycle of a product. C. To update consumers on new technology. D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 34. Which of the following uses the least energy? A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet. C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer. 35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart. C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them. 2018全国1卷D We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 32. What does the author think of new devices? A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old. C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly. 33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research? A. To reduce the cost of minerals. B. To test the life cycle of a product. C. To update consumers on new technology. D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 34. Which of the following uses the least energy? A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet. C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer. 35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart. C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them. $$