第八章 构词法-【中考必备】2025年教与学英语课件PPT（人教版）

2025 教与学 中考必备 英 语 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 第一部分 基于语义的语法知识篇 第八章 构 词 法 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 目 录 CONTENTS 01 考点导图 02 考点精讲精练 03 语篇考点专练 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 考点导图 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 考点精讲精练 【概念】合成法是指将两个或两个以上的词合成一个新的单词，用连字符“-”连接或直接连写在一起。 考点1 合成法 类 别 构 成 举 例 合成名词 名词+名词 housewife家庭主妇，headache头痛 名词+动名词 handwriting笔迹，sightseeing观光 形容词+名词 highway公路，mainland大陆 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 类 别 构 成 举 例 合成动词 形容词/副词+动词 ill-treat虐待，overcome克服 名词+动词 sidetrack阻止，babysit照料(孩子) 合成 形容词 名词+形容词 duty-free免税的，worldwide遍布全世界的 形容词+名词 high-level高级的，full-time专职的 形容词+名词+-ed white-haired白发的，warm-hearted热心的 名词/形容词+现在分词 peace-loving爱好和平的，good-looking好看的 名词+过去分词 heartbroken心碎的，man-made人造的 形容词+过去分词 new-bom新生的，ready-made现成的 副词+过去分词 well-known 著名的，widespread分布广的 数词+名词 first-class一流的，second-hand二手的 数词+名词+形容词 two-year-old两岁的，two-meter-long两米长的 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 类 别 构 成 举 例 合成副词 形容词+名词 hotfoot匆忙地 形容词+副词 everywhere到处，anyhow无论如何 副词+副词 however然而 介词+名词 beforchand预先 介词+副词 forever永远 合成代词 代词宾格+-self /-selves himself他自己，themselves他们自己 物主代词+-self /-selves myself我自己，yourselves你们自己 形容词+名词 anything任何事，somebody某人 合成介词 副词+名词 outside外面 介词+副词 without没有 副词+介词 upon在….上面 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) ■（基础过关）单项填空 ( )1.Tomorrow is National Day. Everyone is looking forward to the _______ holiday. A.seven-days B.seven-day C.seven days ( )2.Mrs.Brown is such a _______ woman. She always appears when we need help. A.good-looking B.ready-made C.peace-loving D.warm-hearted B D 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) ( )3.Helen is a very _______ novelist (小说家) in Australia. Her books are sold well. A.well-dressed B.well-known C.well-born D.well-behaved ( )4. The article is easy to _______ because there are many examples. A. overcome B. update C. understand D. babysit B C 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) ( )5. This was not an easy decision. _______, it was his duty to make it. A. However B. Meanwhile C. Anyway D. Otherwise A 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) ■（能力过关）选词填空，有两词为多余项 worldwide headache well-known widespread good-looking housewife without 6.John drank too much alcohol (酒) last night, so he had a serious ____________ this morning. 7.It is a _______________ fact that bamboo is pandas' favorite food. 8.In the past, women served as ____________ while men usually made money. 9.After the storm we were ____________ electricity for five days. 10.We have companies in over 30 countries _______________. headache well-known housewives without worldwide 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 【概念】派生法是指在词根上加词缀而构成新词，有前缀法和后缀法。 1.前缀法：前缀一般改变词义，不改变词性 考点2 派生法 前 缀 意 义 举 例 dis-,im-,in-, mis-,non-,un-, ir-,il- 表示“否定；相反” dislike不喜欢，impossible不可能的，inexpensive 不昂贵的，misunderstand误会，nonsense胡说， unhappy不开心的，irregular不规则的，illegal不 合法的 re- 表示“重复；再” replay重播，rewrite重写 micro-,mini- 表示“微型的；小的” microbiology微生物学，minibus小型公共汽车 inter- 表示“相互；在……之间” international国际的，interview面试 super- 表示“超级的” supermarket超市，superpower超级大国 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 【注意】个别前缀也可以引起词性的变化。 （1）“en-+形容词 / 名词”构成动词。例 enlarge扩大，encourage鼓励 （2）“a-+动词”构成形容词。例 asleep睡着，awake醒着 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 2.后缀法：后缀一般改变词性，不改变词义 （1）常见的名词后缀 后 缀 意 义 举 例 -or,-er, -ist,-ian 表示“从事某种职业的人” actor演员，worker工人，scientist科学家，musician音乐家 -ing 表示“状态；行为” building建筑，shopping购物 -ment 表示“……的行为或结果” agreement同意，development发展 -ness,-th,-ty 表示“状态；性质” happiness幸福，truth真相，safety安全 -tion,-ation 表示“状态；行为；机构” competition比赛，action行为，organization组织 -ship 表示“关系” membership会员身份，friendship友谊 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) （2）常见的形容词后缀 后 缀 意 义 举 例 -able 表示“能……的” suitable适合的，believable可相信的 -al 表示“……的” traditional传统的，personal私人的 -ful 表示“有……性质的；充满……的” useful有用的，colorful鲜艳的 -less 表示“没有；无” helpless无助的，homeless无家可归的 -ive 表示“……性质的” active活跃的，expensive昂贵的 -ly 表示“特性” friendly友好的，lovely可爱的 -y 表示“有……特性的；多……的” healthy健康的，sunny天气晴朗的 -ous 表示“属性” dangerous危险的，famous有名的 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) （3）常见的动词后缀 后 缀 意 义 举 例 -en 表示“变成” shorten缩短，darken变黑 -fy 表示“使……化” beautify美化，purify提纯 -ize 表示“使……成为；使……化” realize实现，modernize使现代化 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) （4）常见的副词后缀 后 缀 意 义 举 例 -ly 表示“方式；程度” quickly迅速地，carefully仔细地 -ward(s) 表示“方向” forward向前，upwards向上 -wise 表示“方向；方式” clockwise顺时针方向地，likewise同样地 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) ■（基础过关）单项填空 ( )1.Look at both sides of the road _______ when you cross the road. A.care B.careful C.carefully ( )2.The performance tonight was a great _______. The band became famous overnight. A.success B.successful C.succeed C A 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) ( )3.Many strangers gave the boy helping hands when he was in _______. A.danger B.dangerously C.dangerous ( )4.If you want to know the exact _______ of the word, you'd better look it up in a dictionary. A.mean B.meaningful C.meaning A C 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) ( )5. The clouds of the Cangshan Mountain are _______. They are in different shapes from time to time. A.change B.changeable C.changeless B 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) ■（能力过关）用所给单词的适当形式填空 6. Now you don't need to wait in line to buy tickets. You can ____________ (simple) book (预订) them online. It's quite convenient. (2024黑龙江牡丹江改编) 7. As a ________________ (report), he tries to give first-hand information to the public as soon as possible.（2024内蒙古呼伦贝尔改编） simply reporter 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 8. I can't ____________ (agreement) that pupils bring their mobile phones to school.（2024黑龙江牡丹江改编） 9. It is ____________ (health) for us to do sports.（2024西藏改编） 10. If you treat others with your heart, you will get __________________ (friend) in return.（2023四川成都A卷改编） agree healthy friendship 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 考点3 转化法 【概念】转化法是指单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性的方法。这种转化并不改变单词的拼写，有一词多义现象。 词性转化 举 例 名词 →动词 book n.书→v.预定 sleep n.睡眠→v.睡觉 water n.水→v.浇水 show n.表演→v.展示 land n.土地→v.着陆 hand n.手→v.传递 动词→名词 talk v.交谈→n.谈话 look v.看→n.外表 walk v.步行→n.散步 stop v.停止→n.车站 形容词→动词 dry adj.干燥的→v. (使)变干 correct adj.正确的→v.纠正 clean adj.干净的→v.打扫 clear adj.清澈的→v.清理 open adj.开着的→v.打开 形容词→名词 daily adj. 日常的→n. 日报 final adj.最终的→n.决赛 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) ■（基础过关）单项填空 ( )1. The plane will _______ in Guangzhou in 20 minutes and we can see Mom soon. A.get B.land C.fly D.hope ( )2. John left the building with the _______ on. It was a waste of electricity. A.shoes B.watches C. beds D. lights B D 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) ( )3. We should be brave and_______ big. Nothing is impossible. A.dream B.fight C.see D.make ( )4. Peter's new _______ makes everyone shocked. He has made a big difference. A.talk B.start C.change D.sleep ( )5. The man tried to _______ his car but he failed. A.help B.stop C.water D.walk A C B 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) ■（能力过关）选词填空，有两词为多余项 right water try book talk waste sleep 6. Have you ____________ your ticket online yet? 7. I think playing computer games is a ____________ of time. 8. He can't tell the difference between the ____________ and the wrong. 9. When Mary passed the garden, she saw her mom ____________ the vegetables. 10. He'd like to have a ____________ at that project. booked waste right watering try 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 考点4 缩写和简写 【概念】缩写和简写（也被称为“截断法”或“缩短法”）主要采用“截头”“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法来生成新词。 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 1.月份、星期及序数词 月 份 缩 写 月 份 缩 写 星 期 缩 写 序数词 缩 写 January Jan. August Aug. Monday Mon. first 1st February Feb. September Sept. Tuesday Tues. second 2nd March Mar. October Oct. Wednesday Wed. third 3rd April Apr. November Nov. Thursday Thur. fourth 4th May May December Dec. Friday Fri. twentieth 20th June Jun. Saturday Sat. twenty-first 21st July Jul. Sunday Sun. fifty-fifth 55th 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 2.国家、国际组织类 PRC：中华人民共和国（People's Republic of China） UK：英国（United Kingdom） USA：美国（United States of America） EU：欧洲联盟 / 欧盟（European Union） UN：联合国 （United Nations） WTO：世界贸易组织 / 世贸组织（World Trade Organization） WHO：世界卫生组织（World Health Organization） FBI：美国联邦调查局（Federal Bureau of Investigation） 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 3.其他常见缩写 Ad：广告（Advertisement） DIY：自己动手 / 自助服务（Do It Yourself） Add.：地址（Address） ID：身份证明（Identification） BBQ：烧烤（Barbecue）P.E.：体育（Physical Education） IQ：智商（Intelligence Quotient） EQ：情商（Emotional Quotient） No.：号码 / 编号（Number） DNA：脱氧核糖核酸（Deoxyribonucleic Acid） 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) WC：厕所（Water Closet） UFO：不明飞行物（Unidentified Flying Object） CCTV：中国中央电视台（China Central Television） CBA：中国男子篮球职业联赛（China Basketball Association） NBA：美国篮球职业联赛（National Basketball Association） VIP：贵宾（Very Important Person） 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 语篇考点专练 一、短文填空 主题：乒乓球运动员王楚钦 字数：90 难度：★★ 建议用时：4 mins 请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空，使文章语法正确、完整连贯。注意：每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 well-known strong become talent successful compete happy 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) Wang Chuqin is one of China's best table tennis players. Together with his partner Sun Yingsha, he ___1____ beat the rivals (对手) and won the first mixed doubles gold at the 2024 Paris Olympics for China's table tennis team. well-known strong become talent successful compete happy successfully 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) The 24-year-old player is ___2____ for his aggressive (侵略性的) left-handed playing style. He is highly ______3______ and hard-working. “Playing table tennis brings me ___4____. My strong will to win and go after my goals helps me to grow and become better. I am looking forward to the next ___5____,” Wang told China Daily. well-known strong become talent successful compete happy well-known talented happiness competition 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________ successfully well-known talented happiness competition 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 二、语法选择 主题：关于提高英语口语的建议 字数：230 难度：★★ 建议用时：7 mins Spoken English is an important part of English learning. If you are weak in it, the ___1____ advice may help you. ( )1.A.follow B.follower C.following C 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) First of all, read widely. Lots of reading improves your vocabulary ___2____ helps you keep in touch with English. Consider reading aloud ___3____ your pronunciation of words. If you meet new words, make sure you search for their ___4____. Try to remember these words and use them in your speech. ( )2.A.and B.but C.so ( )3.A.improve B.improving C.to improve ( )4.A.mean B.meaningful C.meanings A C C 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) Second, listen more. Consider listening to English songs and try following them. You can also writes down the words of the songs and say ___5____ just as you hear them. Or you can turn to ___6____ online voice and accent software (语音软件) for help. Listening to English news on the radio is also ___7____. ( )5.A.they B.them C.their ( )6.A.a B.an C.the ( )7.A.helpful B.help C.helpless B B A 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) Third, just speak. Find a native (本土的) speaker and communicate ___8____ the person without worrying about making mistakes. A native speaker will help point out your mistakes and correct you. Making use of every chance to speak English will help improve your pronunciation. ( )8.A.for B.with C.from B 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) Finally, be active. ___9____ you need more practice, be active in your English class. Through the interaction (互动) with your teacher and classmates, you will communicate ___10____. As long as you follow these suggestions, you will be sure to improve your spoken English. （2024宁夏改编） ( )9.A.If B.Until C.Unless ( )10.A.nature B.natural C.naturally A C 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 三、短文填空 主题：《黑神话：悟空》 字数：243 难度：★★★★ 用时：9 mins 请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空，使文章语法正确、完整连贯。注意：每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 from because tradition quick excite read achieve right encourage watch he interest 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) On August 20, China's first AAA game, “Black Myth: Wukong” came out. And it ______1______ became a top seller across many platforms (平台). Its gameplay (玩法) videos have already been ______2______ more than 100 million times on Bilibili. Chinese players don't have to play foreign games. Now they can return to the Tang Dynasty in the east and become the heroes of their childhood. from because tradition quick excite read achieve right encourage watch he interest quickly watched 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) The game is based on a monkey king ___3____ a classic Chinese novel Journey to the West. The monkey has the ability to turn ___4____ into different animals and objects. “Black Myth: Wukong” not only shows a great ___5____ in game development, but also acts as a bridge in telling China's stories. “Global players will be able to get a deeper understanding of ___6____ Chinese culture while they are having fun,” according to Global Times. from because tradition quick excite read achieve right encourage watch he interest from himself achievement traditional 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) The game's huge success in China is partly ___7____ people there know the story of Journey to the West. In fact, it has also caught the ___8____ of international players. Many of them don't have this cultural background. It suggests that the game is on the ___9____ path (道路). Many overseas players have been inspired (激励) by the game and start ___10____ the book Journey to the West. Fans of the game have even started posting videos online, sharing their understanding of Chinese stories. from because tradition quick excite read achieve right encourage watch he interest because interest right reading 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) 1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________ 6. ____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________ 10. ____________ quickly watched from himself achievement traditional because interest right reading 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) THANKS! 返回目录 2025 教与学 中考必备 英语 ( 内文) $$