内容正文:
第三部分题型策略篇
高考题型三
完形填空
解读高考命题
揭开神秘面纱◆◆
1.任务要求
对培养考生的人生观和价值观有着积极的
完形填空题型要求考生将一篇留有15个
作用。
空白的语篇还原。考生须从每题提供的四个选
(3)命题特点:遵循以主题语境为引领的基
项中选出最佳选项,使补全后的语篇语义通顺,
本原则,要求考生基于语篇语境完成作答,规避
前后连贯,结构完整。
单纯的语法知识考查。语篇首句不设空。本题
2.考查要点
型以考查实词辨析为主,即动词(短语)、名词、
该题型主要考查考生在阅读理解基础上的
形容词、副词和代词等,以考查虚词为辅,即连
词汇运用能力、逻辑推理能力、推测判断能力、
词、介词等。题目选项词性一致,且都能与空格
整体把握语篇主旨大意及篇章结构的能力。
前后的词语搭配,构成一定的语法结构,干扰作
3.试题分析
用强。
(1)选材特点:文章主要为记叙文或夹叙夹
由此可知,要想完全攻克完形填空题目,考
议文。材料大多选自英美国家原汁原味的作
生必须具备语篇意识能力,灵活运用英语语言
品,语言地道,具有浓厚的英语语言文化色彩。
综合知识的能力以及阅读理解、逻辑推理、推测
(2)主题语境:语篇主题语境围绕“人与自
判断等基于语篇解决问题的能力。这些能力都
我、人与社会、人与自然”展开,话题贴近高中学
体现了英语学科核心素养。因此在备考中,考
生的日常生活,并具有一定的启发性或哲理性,
生应注重加强对这些能力的培养。
◆点拨题型技法
探析典型考法
方法1利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
确判断。
完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固
方法3利用平行结构解题
定结构和固定句式,此类试题比较容易,考生要
“平行结构”指的是结构相同或相似、意思
注意积累总结
密切相连、语气一致的句子或词组组成一串排
方法2利用生活常识和文化背景解题
列的语言现象。如由and,or连接的短语或句
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科
子,又如“the十比较级,the十比较级”结构。平
学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在
行结构的形式整齐匀称,内容联系紧密。掌握
做题时,若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景
这些结构极为相似的句子可大大提高解题
知识和生活常识,巧妙地加以运用,特别是注意
效率。
中西文化的差异,将会大大简化复杂的分析与
方法4利用逻辑关系解题
判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,从而轻松地做出正
此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知
-169
艺术生文化课考前100天英语
信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案,主要应用于
runner,Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm
完形填空的两类题型:一是考查连接词和起连
to see if she could walk forward with 46.
接词作用的短语:二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
She couldn't.Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue
方法5利用语境暗示分析法解题
climb onto her back and carried her all the way
上下文语境具体体现为:全文的中心主线
to the finish line,then another 300 feet to
和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔
where Lenoue could get 48 attention.
接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中,我们通
Once there,Lenoue was 49 and later
常可以通过上下文语境暗示,即根据已知信息,
taken to a hospital,where she learned that she
推导出正确答案。
had serious injuries in one of her knees.She
方法6利用语义复现解题
would have struggled with extreme 50 to
复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同
make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's
义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词
help.
或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇
As for Bailey,she is more 51 about
文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起。因此,考生
why her act is considered a big 52."She
可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语
was just crying.I couldn't 53 her,Bailey
境,利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。
told the reporter."I feel like I was just doing
方法7利用作者态度或感情色彩关联
the right thing.”
解题
Although the two young women were
在高考完形填空文章中,我们一定要在快
strangers before the 54,they've since
速阅读文章的过程中,仔细找出能够反映作者
become friends.Neither won the race.but the
态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、
55 of human kindness won the day
形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做
41.A.designed
B.followed
题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定
某些题目的正确答案。
C.changed
D.finished
【典例1】(2023·新课标全国I卷)
42.A.delay
B.chance
On Oct.11,hundreds of runners competed
C.trouble
D.excuse
in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie
43.A.judge
B.volunteer
Bailey should have 41 the course earlier
C.classmate
D.competitor
than she did.Her 42 came because she
44.A.race
B.school
was carrying a 43 across the finish line.
C.town
D.training
As reported by a local newspaper,Bailey
45.A.agreed
B.returned
was more than two-thirds of the way through
C.stopped
D.promised
her 44 when a runner in front of her began
46.A.courage
B.aid
crying in pain.She 45 to help her fellow
C.patience
D.advice
170
第三部分题型策略篇
47.A.went away
B.stood up
her”可知,此处指她的比赛(race)。故答案
C.stepped aside
D.bent down
为A项。
48.A.medical
B.public
45.C解析:根据下文的“to help her fellow
C.constant
D.equal
runner'”可知,此处指Bailey停下来(stopped)
49.A.interrupted
B.assessed
去帮助她的竞争对手。故答案为C项。
C.identified
D.appreciated
46.B解析:根据上文的“Bailey took her arm
50.A.hunger
B.pain
to see if she could walk forward'”可知,此处
C.cold
D.tiredness
指Bailey抓着L,enoue的胳膊想看看在她的
51.A.worried
B.ashamed
帮助(aid)下I,enoue是不是可以向前走。故
C.confused
D.discouraged
答案为B项。
52.A.game
B.problem
47.D解析:根据下文的“let Lenoue climb.
C.lesson
D.deal
the finish line”可知,此处是指Bailey弯腰
53.A.leave
B.cure
(bent down)让Lenoue爬到她的背上。go
C.bother
away“离开”;stand up“起立";step aside
D.understand
“站到一边,下台,让位”。故答案为D项。
54.A.ride
B.test
48.A解析:根据下文的“Once there,Lenoue
C.meet
D.show
was
and later taken to a hospital"
55.A.secret
B.display
以及“that aid checkpoint”可知,Bailey把
C.benefit
D.exchange
Lenoue背到一个她可以得到医疗处理
【分析】
(medical attention)的地方。故答案为
4l.D解析:根据下文的“earlier than she did”
A项。
和“across the finish line”可知,此处指
49.B解析:根据下文的“later taken to a
Bailey本应该要早一,点完成(finished)比赛
hospital'”可知,Lenoue在这里先接受评估
的。should have finished..意思是“本应
(assessed),然后被送往医院。interrupt“打
该完成…”。故答案为D项。
断”;identify“识别”;appreciate'“感激”。故
42.A解析:根据下文的“because she was
答案为B项。
carrying a
across the finish line"
50.B解析:根据上文的“crying in pain”及下
以及下文描述可知,Bailey因为帮助竟争对
文“she had serious injuries in one of her
手而耽搁(delay)了。故答案为A项。
knees'”可知,如果没有Bailey的帮助,
43.D解析:根据第二段的“when a runner,.,
Lenoue会在极度疼痛(pain)中挣扎着到达
the finish line”可知,Bailey背着她的竞争对
那个医疗检查点。故答案为B项。
手(competitor)通过了终,点线。故答案为
5l.C解析:根据下文的“why her act is
D项。
considered a big
”和“I feel,.the
44.A解析:根据上文的“more than two-thirds
right thing..”可知,Bailey是很疑惑的
of the way”以及下文的“a runner in front of
(confused)。故答案为C项。
171
艺术生文化课考前100天英语
52.D解析:根据下文Bailey对记者说的话可
them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
以看出,Bailey对其他人认为她的行为是一
The flight was 33 and Tiffy was a
件重要的大事(a big deal)很不理解。故答
great passenger.The next day,she 34
案为D项。
with Karen and made it back to George in
53.A解析:根据上文的“to help her fellow
Virginia within a few days.He was so 35
runner'”以及“She was just crying..”可知,这
and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.It felt
里是指Bailey不能丢下(leave)她。cure“治
great to know that I had helped bring this
愈”:bother“打扰”:understand“理解”。故
family together again.
答案为A项。
21.A.turn
B.budget
54.C解析:根据上文可知,她们两个在这个比
C.schedule
D.connection
赛(meet)之前是不认识的。故答案为C项。
22.A.food
B.shelter
55.B解析:根据全文的描述可知,这里指的是
C.medicine
D.transportation
人性善良的展示(display)赢得了最终胜利。
23.A.desperately
B.temporarily
故答案为B项。
C.secretly
D.originally
【典例2】(2023·斯课标全国Ⅱ卷)
24.A.appeared
B.proved
In April last year,I saw a post on the
C.happened
D.showed
PNP(Pilots N Paws)website from a family in
25.A.waited
B.offered
Topeka.They had to move to Virginia but they
C.hurried
D.failed
were on a very tight 21.They could not
26.A.see off
B.look for
afford to pay for 22 for their dog,Tiffy,
C.hand over
D.pick up
and 23 wanted to take her with them.
27.A.confused
B.nervous
It just 24 that I was planning another
C.annoyed
D.curious
PNP flight with another pilot,Karen,who
28.A.hard
B.fine
25 to take Tiffy from Kansas City to
C.common
D.lucky
Virginia.What I was to do was fly to Topeka to
29.A.coworker
B.passenger
26 Tiffy.
C.stranger
D.neighbor
When I met Tiffy's owners,they seemed
30.A.speed up
B.work out
very 27.George,the husband,was trying
C.come back
D.take off
to be calm,but I could tell this was 28 for
31.A.feed
B.follow
him,having to leave his dog to a 29 and
C.change
D.load
trust that everything would 30
32.A.call
B.join
After some goodbyes,I asked George and
C.leave
D.serve
his wife to help me 31 Tiffy into the plane.
33.A.unnecessary
B.unexpected
I promised to take care of Tiffy and 32
C.unavoidable
D.uneventful
172
第三部分题型策略篇
34.A.returned
B.fought
27.B解析:根据下文中的“George,the
C.flew
D.agreed
husband,was trying to be calm”可知,当作
35.A.thankful
B.generous
者见到Tify的主人时,他们看起来特别紧
C.proud
D.sympathetic
张(nervous)。confused“迷惑的”;annoyed
【分析】
“烦恼的”;curious“好奇的”。
2l.B解析:根据下文中的“They could not
28.A解析:根据下文中的“having to leave his
afford to pay for
for their dog"可
dog to a
and trust that everything
知,他们的预算(budget)很紧张。turn“转
would
”可知,此处表示作者能看出
动,机会”;schedule“工作计划,日程安排”;
这件事对George来说很难(hard)。
connection'“联系,关联,联结”。
29.C解析:根据上文可知,作者和这家人不认
22.D解析:根据上文中的“They had to move
识,所以这家人是在把他们的狗交给一个陌生
to Virginia”和下文中的“take Tiffy..
Virginia”可知,他们支付不起狗的运输
人(stranger)。coworker'“同事”;passenger
(transportation)费用。food“食物”;shelter
“乘客”:neighbor'“邻居”。
“庇护,居所”;medicine“药品”。
30.B解析:根据上文中的“leave his dog to
23.A解析:根据上文中的“I saw a post on the
a
”可知,他不得不相信一切都会进
PNP (Pilots N Paws)website from a family
展顺利(work out)。speed up“加速”;come
in Topeka'”可知,他们预算紧张,不能支付他
back“再度流行”:take off"突然成功”
们家狗的运输费用,但是他们在网上发帖子
3l.D解析:根据下文中的“into the plane”可
求助,可见他们极度地(desperately)想带上
知,作者让George和他妻子帮忙把Tiffy装
狗。temporarily'“暂时”;secretly“秋密地”;
上(load)飞机。feed“喂养”:follow“跟随”;
originally'“原来,起初”。
change'“改变”。
24.C解析:根据下文中的“I was planning
32.A解析:根据下文中的“as soon as we got
another PNP flight'”可知,作者碰巧也要去。
to Kansas City'”以及生活常识可知,作者承
It just happened that.,“碰巧…”。
诺会照顾狗,且一到达堪萨斯城就打电话
appear“出现”;prove“证明”;show“显示”。
(call)给他们。join“参加,加入”;leave“离
25.B解析:根据下文中的“take Tiffy from
开”;serve“"接待”。
Kansas City to Virginia'”以及下文的叙述可
知,Karen主动提出(offered)把Tiffy从堪
33.D解析:根据下文中的“Tiffy was a great
萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。
passenger'”可知,这次飞行平安无事
26.D解析:根据上文中的“What I was to do
(uneventful)。unnecessary“不必要的”;
was fly to Topeka”可知,作者飞往Topeka
unexpected“出乎意料的”;unavoidable“无法
就是为了接(pick up)Tiffy。see off
避免的”。
“为…送行”:look for'“寻找”;hand over
34.C解析:上文提到Karen是一个飞行员,愿
“移交”。
意把Tify从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚,所以
-173
艺术生文化课考前100天英语
Tiffy是和Karen一起飞(flew)去弗吉尼
Now,every year when my husband pulls
亚的。
our camper out of the garage,we are filled
35.A解析:根据下文中的“sent me a nice
with a sense of 54,wondering what
e-mail with pictures”可知,George非常感激
camping fun and
55
we will experience
(thankful)作者。generous“慷慨的,大方
next.
的”;proud“自豪的,骄傲的”:sympathetic
41.A.ideas
B.jokes
“同情的,有同情心的”。
C.memories
D.discoveries
【典例3】(2022·新高考全国I卷)
42.A.camped
B.drove
My husband,our children and I have had
C.walked
D.cycled
wonderful camping experiences over the past
43.A.annoyed
B.surprised
ten years.
C.disappointed
D.worried
Some of our 41 are funny,especially
44.A.unhurt
B.unfortunate
from the early years when our children were
C.uncomfortable
D.unafraid
little.Once,we 42 along Chalk Creek.I
45.A.due to
B.instead of
was 43 that our 15-month-old boy would
C.apart from
D.as for
fall into the creek(小溪).I tied a rope around
46.A.worked
B.happened
his waist to keep him near to our spot.That
C.mattered
D.changed
lasted about ten minutes.He was 44,and
47.A.signed up
B.calmed down
his crying let the whole campground know it.
C.checked out
D.headed off
So 45 tying him up,I just kept a close eye
48.A.arranged
B.interrupted
on him.It 46-he didn't end up in the
C.completed
D.recorded
creek.My three-year-old,however,did.
49.A.wind
B.noise
Another time,we rented a boat in
Vallecito Lake.The sky was clear when we
C.temperature
D.speed
47,but storms move in fast in the
50.A.find
B.hide
mountains,and this one quickly 48 our
C.start
D.fix
peaceful morning trip.The 49 picked up
51.A.luck
B.answer
and thunder rolled.My husband stopped
C.wonder
D.signal
fishing to 50 the motor.Nothing.He tried
52.A.patiently
B.tirelessly
again.No 51.We were stuck in the
C.doubtfully
D.helplessly
middle of the lake with a dead motor.As we all
53.A.sorry
B.brave
sat there 52,a fisherman pulled up,threw
C.safe
D.right
us a rope and towed (us back.We were
54.A.relief
B.duty
53.
C.pride
D.excitement
174
第三部分题型策略篇
55.A.failure
B.adventure
just kept a close eye on him.”可推知,为了
C.performance
D.conflict
不让孩子哭,“我”不再用绳子绑住他,而是
【分析】
紧盯着他。due to意为“由于”;instead of意
41.C解析:考查名词。根据上文中的
为“代替,而不是”;apart from意为“除…
“experiences over the past ten years”和下
以外”;as for意为“至于”。故选B。
句中的“Once”以及第三段中的“Another
46.A解析:考查动词。根据下文中的“he
time”可知,此处指“我们”的一些记忆。idea
didn't end up in the creek”可推知,他没有掉
意为“看法”:joke意为“笑话”:memory意为
进小溪里,也就是说,“我”紧盯着孩子的这
“回忆,记忆”;discovery意为“发现”。故选C。
一做法起作用了。work意为“奏效;产生预
42.A解析:考查动词。根据下文“his crying
期的结果(或作用)”;happen意为“(尤指偶
let the whole campground know it”中的
然)发生”;matter意为“要紧,有重大影响”;
campground可知,此处指“我们”在Chalk
change意为“改变”。故选A。
Creek岸边露营。camp意为“宿营,露营”;
47.D解析:考查动词短语。根据上下文内容
drive意为“驾驶,开车”;walk意为“走,行
可推知,“我们”出发的时候,天空是睛朗的,
走”;cycle意为“骑自行车”。故选A。
但山里的暴风雨很快就来了。sign up意为
43.D解析:考查形容词。根据下文内容尤其
“报名参加(课程)”;calm down意为“冷静下
是该段中的“I tied a rope around his waist
来”;check out意为“结账退房;查实”;head
to keep him near to our spot.”可推知,此处
off意为“离开(某地去别处)”。故选D。
指“我”担心自己十五个月大的儿子会掉进
48.B解析:考查动词。上文提到山里的暴风
小溪里。annoyed意为“恼怒的”;surprised
雨很快就来了,由此可推知,“我们”平静的
意为“惊讶的”;disappointed意为“失望的”;
晨间旅行被迫中断了。arrange意为“安
worried意为“担心的,担忧的”。故选D。
排”;interrupt意为“使暂停,使中断”;
44.C解析:考查形容词。根据上文中的“I tied
complete意为“完成”;record意为“记录”。
a rope around his waist to keep him near to
故选B。
our spot.”和下文中的“his crying let the
49.A解析:考查名词。根据上文中的“storms
whole campground know it'”可推知,为了不
move in fast'”和下文中的“thunder rolled'”可
让孩子掉进小溪里,“我”用绳子绑住了他,
推知,此处指风越来越大,雷声隆隆。pick
绳子绑在他的腰部使他感到不舒服,所以他
up在该句中意为“增强”。wind意为“风”;
哭了。unhurt意为“未受伤的”;unfortunate
noise意为“噪声”;temperature意为“温度”;
意为“不幸的”;uncomfortable意为“感到难
speed意为“速度”。故选A.
受的,感觉不舒服的”;unafraid意为“不害怕
50.C解析:考查动词。根据下文中的
的”。故选C。
“Nothing.He tried again,”和“We were
45.B解析:考查短语。根据上文中的“That
stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead
lasted about ten minutes.”和下文中的“I
motor..”可推知,此处指“我”的丈夫停止钓
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艺术生文化课考前100天英语
鱼,然后去启动船的发动机。find意为“发
(把船)停了下来,扔给“我们”一根绳子,把
现”:hide意为“藏,躲避”;start意为“发动,
“我们”拖了回去。由此可推知,“我们”安全
启动”:fix意为“使固定,安装”。故选C。
了。sorry意为“遗憾的,悲伤的”;brave意
5l.A解析:考查名词。根据下文中的“We
为“勇敢的”;safe意为“安全的”;right意为
were stuck in the middle of the lake with a
“右边的;正确的”。故选C。
dead motor.”可推知,“我”的丈夫第二次仍
54.D解析:考查名词。根据下文中的
然没能成功地启动发动机,“我们”被困在了
"wondering what camping fun and
湖中央,也就是说,“我们”不走运。uck意
we will experience next'”可推知,
为“好运,运气”;answer意为“回答”;wonder
此处指每年当“我”的丈夫把“我们”的野营
意为“奇迹”;signal意为“信号”。故选A。
车从车库里拖出来时,“我们”都充满了兴奋
52.D解析:考查副词。根据上文中的“storms
感。relief意为“宽慰”;duty意为“责任”;
move in fast in the mountains"和“We were
pride意为“自豪”;excitement意为“激动;
stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead
兴奋”。故选D。
motor..”可知,暴风雨迅速降临,而“我们”租
55.B解析:考查名词。通读全文可知,“我们”
的船的发动机却启动不了,“我们”被困在湖
的两次露营经历都非常有趣,但同时也是惊
中央。由此可推知,此处指“我们”无助地坐
险的,因为在露营时会有意想不到的危险情
在那里。patiently意为“耐心地”;tirelessly
况发生。failure意为“失败,失败的人(或事
意为“不知疲倦地”;doubtfully意为“怀疑
物)”;adventure意为“冒险”;performance
地”;helplessly意为“无助地”。故选D。
意为“表演”:conflict意为“冲突;争执”。故
53.C解析:考查形容词。上文提到,一位渔民
选B.
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