内容正文:
艺术生文化课考前100天英语
专题五
非谓语动词
◆感悟真题悟考向◆。
l.(2024·新课标全国I卷)These sepals open
8.(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer,I have
on warm days
(give)the inside
spent the last two years
(record)
plants sunshine and fresh air.
everything I discovered.
2.(2023·新课标全国I卷)Shanghai may be
9.(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years,
the
(recognize)home of the soup
people have told fables(寓言)
(teach)
dumplings,but food historians will actually
a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
point you to the neighboring canal town of
10.(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town
Nanxiang as riaolongbao's birthplace.
in the heart of America where all life
3.(2023·新课标全国I卷)Nanxiang aside,
seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with
the best xiaolongbao have a fine skin,
its
surroundings,"her fable begins,
allowing them
(lift)out of the
borrow)some familiar words
steamer basket without tearing or spilling
from many age-old fables.
any of their contents.
1l.(2o23·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style,
4.(2023·新课标全国I卷)No matter where I
however,is a serious message
buy them,though,one steamer basket is
(intend)for everyone.
rarely enough,yet two seems greedy,and so
12.(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged
I am always left
(want)more next
man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步)4O
time.
days to Xi'an,as a first step
5.(2023·新课标全国Ⅱ卷)They talk to the
(journey).the Belt and Road route(路线)
flood of international tourists and to
visit)Chinese zookeepers who
by foot.
often come to check on the pandas,which
13.(2o22·全国甲卷)nspired by the Belt and
are on loan from China.
Road Forum for International Cooperation
6.(2o23·全国乙卷)Beijing is a city bridging
(hold)in Beijing,Cao decided to
the ancient and the modern.From Buddhist
cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬)
temples to museums,narrow hutong to royal
to the ancient Silk Road.
palaces,it is home to more than 3,000 years
14.(2022·全国甲卷)Hef1ew4,700
of glorious history even down to its layout,
kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.
with the city keeping its carefully
20,
(plan)to hike back to Xi'an
(build)system of ring roads.
in five months.
7.(2023·全国乙卷)
(visit)several
15.(2o22·全国乙卷)It can help to build a
times over the last 10 years,I was amazed by
community with a
(share)future
the co-existence of old and new,and how a
for mankind...
city was able to keep such a rich heritage(
16.(2022·全国乙卷)
(strengthen)
while constantly growing.
the connection with young people,the event
-130
第二部分语法突破篇
included a number of public promotional
19.(2022·浙江卷)But Cobb and others are
activities on social media,
(invite)
now
questioning that idea-pushing
twenty-nine tea professionals from around
conferences to provide more chances to
the world to have thirty-six hours of
participate remotely and
(change)
uninterrupted live broadcasts.
their personal behavior to do their part in
17.(2022·新高考全国I卷)
(cover)
dealing with the climate change crisis.
an area about three times the size of
20.(2022·浙江卷)That approach brought
Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will
Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%,
be one of the first national parks in the
and she plans
continue)the
country.
practice,“It has been fairly rewarding,”
18.(2022·新高考全国I卷)The plan will
she says,“a really positive change.”
extend protection to a significant number of
21.(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible
areas that were previously unprotected,
(walk)or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
bringing many of the existing protected
22.(2o21·全国乙卷)Activities there range
areas for giant pandas under one authority
from whale watching to hiking(远足)and
increase )effectiveness and
accommodations aim
(have)a low
reduce inconsistencies in management.
impact on the natural environment.
◆
点拨规则明技法◆◆
一、非谓语动词的时态和语态
后关系定时态。
语态形式
(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动
类别
时态形式
主动
被动
词所表示的动作之后或同时发生,用非谓语
一般式
to do
to be done
动词的一般式。
动词不定式
进行式
to be doing
(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动
to have been
词所表示的动作之前,用非谓语动词的完
完成式
to have done
done
成式。
一般式
doing
being done
Having finished his homework,he went
动词-ing形式
having been
to bed.
完成式
having done
done
他完成作业之后就去睡觉了。
动词ed形式
一般式
done
二、非谓语动词作状语
L.主动形式、被动形式
1.动词不定式作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等
非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)
(1)作目的状语,有时用in order to或so as to。
之间存在主谓或动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间
We will continue our campaign to prevent
存在主谓关系时,用主动形式;与逻辑主语之
and control air pollution to make our sky blue
间存在动宾关系时,用被动形式。
again.
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great
我们将继续我们的运动,以预防和控制空气
importance.
明天举行的会议非常重要。
污染,使我们的天空再次蔚蓝
2.时间先后关系
(2)作结果状语,常用结构enough to,too.·.
根据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先
to.,,only to等。
131
艺术生文化课考前100天英语
I'm too tired to stay up any longer.
常用的有considering that.,(鉴于…;考
我太累了,实在不能熬夜了。
虑到…);generally speaking(总的来说);
(3)作原因状语,此时常与表示情感的形容词连
judging by/from.,(从…来看;依据…
用,如glad,happy,frightened,surprised等。
来判断);supposing that,.,(假定…):
I was frightened to find that in front of my
providing that..(假定…);owing to..
door sat a dog.
(由于…);talking/.speaking of.,(谈
我惊恐地发现门前坐着一只狗。
及…);given that..(考虑到…);
2.动词-ing形式作状语
provided that..(如果…);to tell the
动词ing形式作状语,常表原因、伴随、时间、
truth(实话实说);to be honest(老实说)等。
结果等,与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓
三、非谓语动词作定语
关系。
1.动词不定式作定语
His parents died,leaving him an orphan.
动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或
他的父母去世了,他成了孤儿。
代词之后,与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的
【点睛】
主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系。
动词不定式作结果状语时,常表示意想不到
DShe is always the first to come and the last
的结果:而动词-ing形式作结果状语时,常表
to leave.(主谓关系)
示自然而然的结果。
她总是第一个到最后一个离开」
3.过去分词作状语
2I can't think of any good advice to give
(1)过去分词作状语,分词与句子主语之间存
her.(动宾关系)
在逻辑上的动宾关系。
我想不出任何好的建议给她。
Seriously injured,she has to be sent to
3His last appeal to come and see her went
hospital at once.
unanswered.(同位关系)
她受了重伤,必须马上送往医院。
没有人答应他最后要来看她的请求。
(2)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往
2.分词作定语
往用于一些系表结构中,此时这些过去分词
既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状
(1)现在分词作定语
态,如lost(迷路的),seated(坐着的),hidden
该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用
(隐瞒的),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),
来表示正在进行的动作时,用动词-ing形式。
dressed in(穿着…的),tired of(对…感
The lecture,starting at 7:00 p.m.last
到厌倦的)等。
night,was followed by an observation of the
Absorbed in the book,he didn't notice me
moon with telescopes.
enter the room.
这次演讲开始于昨天晚上7点,紧接着是用
他完全被这本书所吸引,没有注意到我进入
望远镜观看月球的活动。
房间。
【点睛】
【点睛】
被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示
独立成分作状语,其形式不受上下文的影响。
正在进行时,用现在分词的被动式作定语。
132
第二部分语法突破篇
(2)过去分词作定语
experience the consequences of their actions
过去分词作定语,分词与被修饰的名词之间
can do better.
是逻辑上的动宾关系。
相反,那些让青少年体会了他们行为后果的
Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is
人能够做得更优秀。
home to a great number of outstanding
3.固定短语,如advise/allow/encourage/
figures.
request/,warn sb..to do sth.等中,不定式形
始建于1911年的清华大学培养出了众多杰
式的非谓语动词作宾语补足语。
出人物。
4.with/without的复合结构:with/without-+名
【点睛】
词十doing(主动、进行)/done(被动、完成)
作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有doing和
todo(目的、将来)。
done两种。doing表示正在进行;done表示
Without anyone noticing,I stole into the
已经完成。
room.
3.动名词作定语
没有人注意到,我偷偷溜进了房间。
表示被修饰词的某种用途,在意义上相当于
五、非谓语动词作宾语
“名词十for十doing”,此时动名词常置于被修
1.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语有
饰词的前面。
suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practice,
DIn sight of Shackleton's landing place,our
allow,advise,risk,keep,keep on,avoid,
boat hit rock.
escape,enjoy,consider,excuse,finish,
在能看到沙克尔顿的登陆点时,我们的船触
miss,insist on,look forward to,feel like,
礁了。
get down to,object to等。
2No flying machine will fly from New York
We don't allow diving in the pool.
to Paris.
泳池内不淮跳水。
没有飞行器会从纽约飞到巴黎。
2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语有wish,
四、非谓语动词作补足语
l.感官动词和短语(see,watch,observe,
hope,decide,refuse,promise,pretend,
notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel)后面的
manage,plan,fail,choose,would like等。
宾语补足语常见的非谓语动词形式有三种
Your father has at last decided to stop
(do,doing,done)。do表示主动和完成(被
smoking.
动句中不定式符号to要还原),doing表示主
你的父亲终于决定戒烟了。
动或正在进行,done表示被动或完成。
【点睛】
The missing boy was last seen playing near
如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语,常用t
the river.
作形式宾语,将真正的宾语后置。
失踪的小男孩最后一次被看到时正在河边
I find it impossible to change her idea.
玩耍。
我发现不可能改变她的想法。
2.s动词let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find
3.既可跟动名词又可跟不定式的动词和短语有
后接非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。
remember,forget,regret,stop,go on,
On the contrary,those who let teenagers
mean,start,begin,try等。
133
艺术生文化课考前100天英语
forget/,remember to do sth.忘记/记得去做某事;
性的动作,不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性
forget/remember doing sth..忘记/记得做了
的或尚未发生的动作。
某事
Facing up to your problems rather than
regret to do sth..对要做某事感到遗憾;
running away from them is the best approach
regret doing sth.后悔做了某事
to working them out.
try to do sth.尽力去做某事;
直面问题而不是逃避问题才是解决问题的最
try doing sth.尝试做某事
佳途径。
mean to do想要/打算做;
(2)t作形式主语,代替真正作主语的动词不
mean doing意味着做
定式或动名词。常见句型有Itis/was no
I meant to go,but my father would not
use/good doing sth.,It is/was not any use/
allow me to.
good doing sth.,It is/was of little use/good
我想去,但是我的父亲不让我去。
doing sth.,It is/was useless doing sth.,It's
2To raise wage means increasing purchasing
a waste of time doing sth.,It is easy/
power.
important/vital/necessary/difficult to do sth.
提高工资意味着增加购买力。
4.“疑问词十不定式”结构
It's important for the figures to be updated
动词不定式可以与疑问代词及疑问副词(why
regularly.
除外)等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主
经常性地更新数据是非常重要的。
语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。
2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去
DI didn't know how to get back to the
分词、动名词和不定式。
village.
现在分词作表语意为“令人感到…的”,而
我不知道怎样回到村子。
过去分词作表语意为“感到…的”。
2 Experience tells you what to do;
Please describe a dog that is frightening.
confidence allows you to do it.
请描述一只令人害怕的狗。
经验告诉你应该做什么,而信心让你去实现
Please describe a dog that is frightened.
这件事。
请描述一只惊恐的狗。
5.固定结构“do/have/其他动词+sth.+but
【点睛】
except(to)do sth.”中的不定式用法。此结
get,become,look,seem,appear等系动词
构要遵循前有实义动词do,but后则无to,反
后可跟过去分词作表语,表示被动或主语的
之则有to的原则。
状态。
She had no choice but to cry in the face of the
This quotation from Winston Churchill tells
difficulty.
us that we shouldn't get discouraged right
面对困难,除了哭泣,她别无选择。
after failure.
六、非谓语动词作主语、表语
温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句话告诉我们,失败之
1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式
后不应该气馁。
(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯
134专题五非谓语动词
动宾关系,故应用过去分词作定语,修饰名词future。故填
【感悟真题悟考向】
shared.
1,to give解析:考查非谓语动词。此处作目的状语,应用动词
16.第个空填To strengthen解析:考查非谓语动词,句意:
不定式。故填to give
为了加强与年轻人的联系,此次活动包括在社文媒体上(进
2.recogni2ed解析:考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作定语.修
行)的许多公众宣传活动·空处应用动词不定式作目的秋
饰名词home,且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。故填过
语,且空处位于句首,故填To strengthen.
去分词recognized
第二个空填inviting解析:考查非谓语动调。分析句子结构
3.to be lifted解析:考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文
可知,空处应填非谓语动词,逐排主语evmt与所给动词
的ciaolongba0,此处表示“小笼包被从蒸笼里拿出来”,thm
invite之间是主动关系,故空处应填动词的-ing形式。故填
与Iift是逻辑上的动宾关系,此处构成allow sth.to he done
inviting.
结构,意为“光许某享被做”。故填to be lifted
17.Covering解析:考查非谓语动词。逐辑主语the GPNP与
4.wanting解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处
提示动词cover之间是主谓关系,所以此处应用动诃的-ig
考查“leave sh.doing sth.“结构,表示“使我想着下次多
形式。空处位于句首,所填单词的首字母应大写,故填
吃点”。故填wanting.
Covering。
5.visiting解析:考查非n语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作
18.to increase解析:考查非谓语动词。根据上下文语境可知
前置定语,修饰空后的“Chinese2 ookeepers”,visit与Chinese
该计刻是要提高管理的有效性,并诚少管理上的不一数。因
keepers之间为辽辑上的主谓关系,此处意为“来访的中国
此空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填t0 increase。
动物园管理员”。故填visiting
I9.changing解析:考查兼谓语动词,空处与上文的pushing
6.built解析:考查非谓语动词.此处为with的复合结构
并列解释说明idea。故填changing。
system of ring roads与build之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用
20.to continue解析:考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth,意为“计
过去分词。故填built
划做某事”,为固定搭配。故填动词不定式to continue,.
7.Having visited解析:考查非谓语动词。钻合句意及句中的
2L,to wal解析:考查固定句型。分析句子结构可知,此处是
状语“over the last I0 years”可知,visit所表示的动作已经发
因定句型“1tis十udi,十(for sb.)to do sth.”,其中It是形式
生多次,且发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。故填Havg
主语.动词不定式短语是具正的主语。故填t0wk
visited.
22.to have解析:考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth.为因定搭
8.recording解析:考查非谓语动词,此处考查“spend some
配,意为“旨在做某事”。故填1 o have
ime(Gin)doing sth..”结构。故填recording.
专题六并列句和状语从句
9.to teach解析:考查非谓语动词。空处与后面的“or to pass'”
【感悟真题悟考向】
是并列关系,此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach
L,nd解析:考查连词。空前“hear the Chinese language'”和空
10.borrowing解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,
后“see how Tang's play was being performed”为并列结构,月
begins是句子的谓语动词,空处为非谓语,与逻辑主语her
nd连接。故填and,
fable之间是主谓关系。故填现在分词borrowing
2,but/yt解析:考查连词。根据语境可知,前后分句之间是转
1l.intended解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,is是
折关系。故填but yet。
句子的谓语动词,空处为非谓语作后置定语。be intended for
3.nd解析:考查连词。根据语境可知,interational cooperation
是国定用法。故填过去分词intended
和ultural exchanges之间为并列关系。故填并列连词l
12.to journey解析:考查非谓语动词。a first step to do sth.为
4nd解析:考查连诃。空后的“leaving.”和上文中的
因定搭配,意为“微某事的第一步”。所给词j0 urney在句中
“protecting,,"“preserving,,"“protecting,.,"之间为并列
作动词,意为“旅行”。故填t0 journey
关系,应用并列连可nd连接。故填and
13.hld解析:考查非丽语动词。分析句子结构可知,该句已有
5.ad解析:考查连词.分析句子结构可知,空格后的动词
谓语动词,故空处应填所给动词的非谓语动词形式。所给词
offers与前面的动词highlights构成并列美系。故填and。
hold与其逻辑主语the Belt and Road Forum for International
6,d解析:考查违词。分析句子结构可知,此空前后连接两
Cooperation之间是动宾美系,故填held
个t引导的宾语从句,且根据语境可知,前后两个从句之间
14.planning解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,孩句
是并列关系。故填并列连词d
已有谓语动词flw,故空处应填所给词的辖丽语动词形式,
7,When.As解析:考查状语从句,这是一个主从复合句,逗号
且主语He和plan之间是主动关系。故填planning。
前面是时间状语从句。句意:当他问河两岸的村民哪里能找
15.shared解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处需
到那位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指向河边。应用whn或s
填非谓语动词。所给动词share与其逻辑主语future之间是
引导.且首字诗需大写。故填When或As