Unit 5 First Aid 词汇讲解 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

词 汇 讲 解 选择性必修二 Unit 5 First Aid 1 单词预习检测 —— 英汉互译 1. 技巧；技能 n __________ 2. 器官 n __________ 3. 光线；射线 n __________ 4. 触觉 _______________ 5. 酸；酸性物质 n __________ 6. 较小的；次要的；轻微的 adj __________ 7. 电的；电动的；用电的 adj __________ 8. 触击；触电 _____________ 9.牺牲品；受害者；患者 n _________ 10. 神经 n __________ 11. 松的；宽松的 adj __________ organ acid minor electric technique ray sense of touch electric shock victim nerve loose 2 12. 急迫的；迫切的 adj __________ 13. （使）减轻；（使）缓解；（使）宽慰 v __________ 14. *leaflet n ____________________________ 15. *toxin n _________ 16. radiation n ____________ 17. millimetre / millimeter n ______ 18. *layer n __________ 19. *swollen adj ________________ 20. *swell v ____________ 21. *blister n _______ 22. *underneath prep ____________ 23. fabric n __________________ ease 散页印刷品；传单；小册子 毒素 放射；辐射 urgent 毫米 层；层次 肿胀的；肿起的 膨胀；肿胀 水疱 在……下方 织物；织品；结构 3 重难点词精讲 一词多义 搭配义 ease organ词族 词族 electric swallow 一词多义 wrap 一词多义 slip 一词多义 辨析义 elderly 辨析义 delay 搭配义 electrical adj 电气科学的；与（用）电有关的 of or about electricity： Other flexible task was assigned by an electrical engineer. It’s OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it — if not, turn it off! electricity n [U] 电；电学；电流： In case of emergency, please cut off electricity. Are there enough waves in the bay to make / produce / generate electricity? Shall we turn on / off electricity? 温故 选必一U2 必修一U4 1. electric electric adj ［常用于名词前］电的；电动的；用电的 producing or using electricity： Have you got some electric appliances, such as an electric iron / fan / light?  令人激动的 very exciting： The atmosphere here at the meeting is electric. electric shock 触击；触电 同族词: electric, electrical, electrically, electrician, electricity 知新 将句子译成英语。 我轻而易举地回答了这个问题。 __________________________ I answered the question easily. 2. ease with ease ease n [U]  舒适；悠闲；自在： After their retirement, the couple lived a life of ease.  容易；不费力： Anne was intelligent and capable of passing her exams with ease (= easily). at ease 放松；舒适；自在： stand at ease His mind was at ease knowing that the children were safe. He is smart and humorous, and I feel at ease with him. put sb at (one’s) ease 使某人放松： He was nervous at first but her warm welcome soon put him at ease. 基本义：舒适 v  vi & vt （使）减轻；（使）缓解；（使）宽慰： Friends help to ease the discomfort / pain / stress / burden and give us comfort. The situation there has never really eased off. It would ease my mind to know where she was settled.  vi & vt（使）小心缓慢地移动： She eased her injured foot into her shoe.  vt 使容易；使顺利： ease (sb / oneself) into（使某人）熟悉（新工作等）： After taking care of the baby, she eased herself back into work. 同族词：ease, easy, easily, uneasy 名词动词化 organ 词族 organ（器官 / 人体组织）+ -ise（使……化）→ organise 使有组织地运行，引申为“组织” organ organic adj 有机的 organised adj 有组织的；有条理的 organisation n 组织 organiser n 组织者 organism adj 生物；有机体 reorganise v 重新组织 organise v 组织 3. swallow 看图猜词义 swallow 吞下；咽下 swallow v  vt & vi 吞下；咽下： He put a grape into his mouth and swallowed it whole.  vt 抑制： I swallowed my pride and went to a very lonely naturalisation ceremony, arriving by myself. swallow up 吞没；淹没；吞并；用尽： Beyond the light of the fire everything was swallowed up in the blackness of darkness. n [C] 燕子： As the proverb says, one swallow doesn’t make a summer. 名词词源义是“燕子” 动词词源义是 “咽下” “吞咽”食物等 “吞咽”感情等 某物“吞咽”某物 swallow语义网络图 吞咽 swallow v (基本义) “吞咽”食物等 吞下；咽下 抑制 “吞咽”感情等 某物“吞咽”某物 吞没； 淹没；吞并 4. wrap vt （用……）包；裹： Wrap the burnt area loosely with a clean cloth if possible. Diana is taking the opportunity to wrap up Christmas presents for the family. Methods that get information from controls are very handy to wrap in this way. （用……）缠绕；围住： It was so cold outside that I wrapped a scarf tightly around my face. 【词汇拓展】 ► wrapper n [C]（食品等的）包装材料；包装纸 ► wrapping n [C] & [U] 用于包装的材料 基本义：包、裹 课文 slip v  vi 滑倒；滑落： When he got out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor. In cold weather, people slip on the ice and cars slide down hills knocking into each other. She slipped out of the house before the others were awake.  vi 溜 (slide)；悄悄逝去： Time is slipping away and now is not the moment for indecision. slip的词源义和基本义是“滑行（move softly and quickly）”。 slip v 词源解读 “滑行”一小段距离后（几乎）摔倒 悄悄“滑行” 课文  vi & vt 把……悄悄地放在；（把……）（迅速地）穿上 / 脱下： He mentioned a book, of which the title has slipped my memory.  vi 陷入： It is so easy to slip into feeling that we are not good enough. slip one’s mind 被遗忘 n [C] 滑倒；片；条；纸条；小错误： It’s because I passed a slip of paper for John to Helen in class. 同形异义词 使某物悄悄、迅速地“滑行” “滑行”到某种状态 同形异义词 同形异义词指拼写相同，但意义毫无联系的词。常见的同形异义词有case, light, tear, lead, post 等。 学习时要注意同形异义词与多义词的区别：同形异义词各源自不同的词，而多义词的词源是同一个词。多义词的释义之间有联系，而同形异义词的释义之间无联系。 slip 的动词释义“滑倒”和名词释义“纸条”分别来自不同的词源。动词释义“滑倒”来源于slippen（滑行、滑动），名词释义“纸条”来源于slippe（砍、劈），引申为词义 “纸条”。 17 slip, slide 辨析 二者都与“滑”有关。 slip 指意外地滑动一段很短的距离，然后一般是跌倒或轻微失去平衡。 As Don skated on the ice, he slipped and fell in the snow. slide 指在一个平面上滑过，可以指人、物或液体。 The children had fun sliding down the slide all afternoon. 5. elderly 高考链接 根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成句子。 When it was time for the volunteers to leave, the _____________（老年人）thanked them for their kindness. （2009 浙江） old people elderly people elderly 比 old 更正式、更委婉 19 elderly 构词解读：elder (older) + -ly (形容词后缀) elder ■ adj［只用于名词前］年龄较大的；年长的： I have an elder brother / sister who was born in China. ■ n [C] ［用单数］［正式用语］年龄较大者： Of the twin brothers, Tom is the elder by a few minutes. ［用复数］长者；长辈： A delegation of village elders from arrived, headed by its chief. elderly adj［委婉用语］（人）较老的；上了年纪的： Hello, ladies and gentlemen! Today, we have invited Prof. Stone to talk about the role of elderly people in our society. Chongyang Festival, the traditional Chinese festival for the elderly, which falls on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, is coming around. 选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。 old, elderly 1. She’s getting ______ — she will be 75 next year. 2. When their children lived far away from them, these ___________ people felt cut off from the world.（2016 浙江） 3. The association（协会）is advising the pregnant women, the very young and the _________ to avoid such foods. old指年老的、年纪大的；elderly比old更正式，是old的委婉语，指年纪较大的、上了年纪的。 析 辨 old old / elderly elderly 6. delay vi & vt 耽误；延误；推迟 (put off)： You’ll lose your chance if you delay. My flight was delayed because of the heavy rain. delay doing sth: He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment. n [C] & [U] 耽误；延误；推迟： Too many orders on 11th November caused a delay in delivery. After a long delay, the plane finally took off. Please send him the urgent information without delay (= immediately). 重难点词精讲 后缀 -(i)fy & -ship grab 一词多义 practical tight 英语释义 一词多义 motion 词根 desperate 一词多义 interrupt 一词多义 scream 一词多义 interrupt v  vt & vi 打断；打扰 ： Chen Wei had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. I’m sorry to interrupt your conversation, but I have something urgent to tell you.  vt 中断；阻断： Traffic was interrupted by a snowstorm which lasted three days. ► interruption n [U] & [C] 打扰；中断 构词：inter- (between 在……中间) + rupt (to break 破) → 在中间破入 → 打断；中断 1. interrupt 词源 课文改 2. scream 《呐喊》（The Scream） ，爱德华·蒙克1893年的作品。这幅画是表现主义绘画的代表。画作的主体是在血红色映衬下一个极其痛苦的表情。红色的背景源于1883年印度尼西亚喀拉喀托火山爆发，火山灰把天空染红了。蒙克将画面中沉闷、焦虑并且孤独的情感，表现到了一种极致。 爱德华·蒙克（1863—1944），挪威表现主义画家、版画复制匠，现代表现主义绘画的先驱。其主要作品有《呐喊》（The Scream）、《生命之舞》、《卡尔约翰街的夜晚》等。 scream v  vi & vt（因疼痛、兴奋、恐惧等）尖叫： scream in / with fear / pain / laughter She screamed, grabbing her purse and the keys.  vt & vi 高声喊；尖声叫 (yell)： We both screamed for several minutes as we drove over the bridge. She screamed at him to “stop it” as they struggled on the ground.  vi（机器、汽笛等）发出尖锐刺耳的声音；（风）呼啸： The air-raid siren (警报) screamed through the whole town. n [C] 尖叫声；尖锐刺耳的声音： The extremely frightened woman give / let out a scream and fainted away. Alice gave a little scream of laughter. “Oh, hush!” 基本义 出于某种目的“尖叫” 机器、风等“尖叫” desperate adj  绝望的： His desperate friends were slapping him on the back. At one point, we were so desperate that we thought we could not hold on. ［常用于名词前］（行动）孤注一掷的；铤而走险的；不顾一切的： She had to made a desperate attempt to leave her husband. Doctors were fighting a desperate battle to save the little girl’s life. 构词：de- (without 没有) + sper (hope 希望) + -ate → 没有希望的 → 绝望的 (基本义) 3. desperate词源解读 因“绝望”所以不顾一切 课文  （局势）极危急的；极严重的： The children are in desperate need of love and attention.  极度渴望的；极需要的： Giving a helping hand to those who are desperate for help can make our society more harmonious. 【词汇拓展】 ► desperately adv 绝望地；非常 ► desperation n [U] 绝望；拼命；不顾一切 想摆脱“绝望的”困境而极需某物 局势令人“绝望的” 4. practical nation（国家）+ -al → national adj culture（文化）+ -al → cultural adj industry（工业）+ -al → industrial adj logic（逻辑）+ -al → logical adj practice（实践）+ -al → practical adj 实际的；实践的 后缀-al可加在名词后构成形容词，意为“……的 (of)”“有……性质的 (having the nature of)”。 国家的 文化（上）的 工业的 符合逻辑的 practical adj （事物）实际的；实践的 relating to real situations and events rather than ideas： The paper seems to me of no practical importance. John is a teacher with practical experience.  切实可行的；实用的 反 impractical： Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre is quick, practical, and easy. Let’s listen to your problems and offer you some practical advice. I’d like to wear practical clothes rather than fashionable ones. 课文 注重实际的；务实的 反 impractical： In a few weeks, we’ll be having a lot more practical experience. 【词汇拓展】 practically adv ［口语］几乎；差不多： There’s practically no difference between the two options.  实际上；事实上： It sounds like a good idea, but I don’t think it will work practically. 奥黛丽·赫本（Audrey Hepburn，1929—1993），英国电影和舞台剧女演员，曾出演《罗马假日》(Roman Holiday) 《蒂凡尼的早餐》《窈窕淑女》等影片。她一生中共获得五次奥斯卡最佳女主角提名。 晚年时，奥黛丽·赫本投身慈善事业，是联合国儿童基金会亲善大使的代表人物，为第三世界妇女与孩童争取权益。1992年被授予美国“总统自由勋章”，1993年获奥斯卡人道主义奖 。1999年，她被美国电影学会评为“百年来最伟大的女演员”第三位。 5. grab 机遇很少凭空出现。因此，当它们出现时，你一定要抓住。 ——奥黛丽·赫本 grab v  vt & vi（试图）抓住 (seize)： Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. Have you grabbed the opportunity / chance?  vt［非正式用语］（因忙碌而）赶紧 / 抓紧吃 / 喝 / 睡 to get some food or sleep quickly because you are busy： From this point on, you’ll have free time to explore the city and grab some lunch. Why don’t you go off and grab some more sleep?  vt 吸引；引人注意： The Beatles immediately grabbed the attention of young people. ■ n [C]［常用单数］抓取；抢夺 seize / grasp / take (up) the opportunity 课文 grab 语义网络图 （猛然的）抓取  吸引；引人注意 （因忙碌而）赶紧 / 抓紧吃 / 喝 / 睡 （试图）抓住 “抓住”某人的注意力 “抓住”时机吃、喝、睡 “抓住”某人或某物 抓住 （基本义） grab 动词 名词 36 A man visiting a graveyard saw a tombstone that reads, “Here lies John Kelly, a lawyer and an honest man.” “How about that!” he exclaimed. “Money is so tight that they’ve got three people buried in one grave!”  6. tight A JOke 词源义：紧密的。tight 的基本义引申为“紧的”。 tight adj  紧的；绷紧的 反 loose： The drawer is so tight that I can’t open it. She is wearing a tight pair of jeans. （时间、空间）紧凑的；（经济）紧张的： I can’t see you next week because the schedule is very tight. There was a tight group of people around the speaker. Money was always tight, but we had a roof over our heads, food on the table, clothes on our backs. 2008 浙江 tight 词源解读 时间、空间、经济等“紧的” 具体事物之间“紧的” （关系） 紧密的： a It was a tight community and newcomers were not welcome.  严格的： The airport security is very tight. adv 紧紧地；充分地： Shut the door tight or it will be broken. You are welcome. Sleep tight and have a sweet dream. 【词汇拓展】 ► tighten vi & vt（使）变紧；（使）加紧 ► tightly adv 紧紧地 关系“紧的” 要求等“紧的” tight 语义网络图 紧的；绷紧的 （时间、空间）紧凑的；（经济）紧张的 具体事物之间“紧的” （关系） 紧密的 要求等“紧的” 严格的 时间、空间、经济等 “紧的” 关系“紧的” 紧的 基本义 tight 词根 前缀 / 后缀 单词 派生词   mot   pro- (向前 forward) promote v 促进；晋升 promotion n 促进；晋升 re- (向后、往回 back) remote adj 遥远的 -ive motive n 动机 motivate v 激励 -or motor n 发动机；马达 -ion motion n 运动；动 e- (外 out); -ion emotion n 感情；情绪 emotional adj 情绪 (上)的；情感 (上) 的 7. motion 可以看出， 词根mot意为“动 / 移动 (move)”，由该词根构成的词大多含有此义。 motion n  [C] & [U]（物体的）运动；动： The law, of course, is not a real law, such as Newton’s laws of gravity and motion. The doors are not to be used when the train is in motion.  [C]（示意）动作 (gesture)： Doyle glanced back at Bodie, and made a slight motion with his head. set / put sth in motion 使某事物开始： I thought a phone call to the right person might set the wheels in motion. 基本义：（运）动 身体的“运动” 物体的“运动” 使役动词后缀 -(i)fy 使役动词后缀-(i)fy通常加在形容词和名词后构成动词，意为“使成为 (to make)”“使……变成 (to make into)” just + -ify → justify v quality + -fy → qualify v electric + -fy → electrify v pure + -ify → purify v solid + -ify → solidify v terror + -ify → terrify v pretty + -ify → prettify v sign + -ify → signify v 使……有正当理由 使……有资格 使电气化 / 使通电 / 使激动 使纯净 / 净化 （使）凝固 / 变成固体 使恐惧 粉饰 / 美化 表示 / 说明 名词后缀 -ship member + -ship → membership n 会员身份 friend + -ship → friendship n 友谊 leader + -ship → leadership n 领导力；领导才能 citizen + -ship → citizenship n 公民权利；公民身份 scholar + -ship → scholarship n 奖学金 partner + -ship → partnership n 伙伴关系 champion + -ship → championship n 冠军地位 reader + -ship → readership n 读者人数 sportsman + -ship → sportsmanship n 体育精神 craftsman + -ship → craftsmanship n 工匠技艺 后缀 -ship 通常加在名词后，构成抽象名词。常见的意思有： 表示“地位”“资格”“职位”： ____________________________________ 表示“状态”“性质”“品质”：________________________________________ 表示“技艺”“技能”：________________ 表示“……的（人）数”：_____________ membership, citizenship, scholarship, championship friendship, leadership, partnership, sportsmanship craftsmanship readership Thank you! $$