Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记•巧练（译林版2020选择必修第三册）

Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites 【速记清单】 单元重点单词短语句型语法 考点词汇 1．preserve vt.保护，维护，保存；维持 n．保护区→preserved adj.保藏的；腌制的→well­preserved adj.保存良好的→preservation n．保护 [教材原句]　If so, you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.如果是这样，你们也许已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址。 preserve sb./sth.from sth.保护某人/某物免受…… nature preserve自然保护区 2．urgent adj.紧急的；紧迫的；催促的，急切的→urgency n．紧急；迫切→urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策 n．强烈的欲望；冲动 [教材原句]　Unfortunately, they face a variety of dangers and many of them are in urgent need of protection.很遗憾，它们正面临各种危险，其中多处急需保护。 urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事 urge sth.on sb.极力主张某人某事 it is urged that...(should) do sth.极力主张……做某事 feel/have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事 3. wear down 使磨损，使逐渐磨平 (教材原句)The long-term natural forces，such as wind，water and temperature，can gradually wear down heritage sites. 长期的自然力，比如风、水和温度，会逐渐侵蚀遗产地。 4．ruin vt.毁坏，破坏；使破产，毁灭 n．毁灭，毁坏；破产；残垣断壁 [教材原句]　Natural disasters, the sudden and powerful natural forces，can lead to the destruction of heritage sites: in 2003，a terrible earthquake shook south­eastern Iran and ruined large parts of the city of Bam, an incredible UNESCO cultural heritage site.自然灾害这种突发而强大的自然力会破坏遗产地：2003年，一场可怕的地震袭击了伊朗东南部，摧毁了巴姆古城的大部分地区。该古城是一处令人叹为观止的联合国教科文组织文化遗产地。 (1)ruin oneself自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉 (2)be/lie in ruins毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪 fall/go/come into ruin毁灭；败落 5．conflict n．(军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致vi.冲突，抵触 [教材原句]　In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out, fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose.在一些经常爆发内战的冲突地区，战士甚至会故意炸毁遗产地。 in conflict with...over...在……上与……有冲突/争执 come into conflict with...与……发生冲突/发生争执/发生矛盾 conflict with...与……有冲突，与……相抵触 6．conflict n．(军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致vi.冲突，抵触 [教材原句]　In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out, fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose.在一些经常爆发内战的冲突地区，战士甚至会故意炸毁遗产地。 in conflict with...over...在……上与……有冲突/争执 come into conflict with...与……发生冲突/发生争执/发生矛盾 conflict with...与……有冲突，与……相抵触 7．consultation n．咨询，商讨；就诊→consult vi.咨询；商量，商议vt.咨询，向……请教；商量→consultant n．顾问；会诊医师 [教材原句]　After close consultation with the specialists，the local government couldn't agree on how to make the repairs safely.经过与专家们的密切协商，当地政府未能就如何安全地进行修理达成一致意见。 consult (with) sb.about/on sth.向某人咨询/请教某事；就某事和某人商量 consult a dictionary 查阅字典 8．suspend vt.暂停；悬，挂 [教材原句]　Therefore，the repair work was suspended.因此，维修工作暂停了。 suspend sb.from sth.使某人暂时停学/停职 suspend sth.from sth.将某物悬挂于…… 9.interrupt vt.打扰,插嘴;使暂停,使中断→interruption n.打扰;插嘴;障碍物 (教材原句)Sorry to interrupt you, Miss Ma.不好意思,打断你了,马小姐。 (1)interrupt...with...　 因……打断…… be interrupted by 被……打断 (2)without interruption 连续地;不断地 10.vote vt.&vi.投票,表决 n.选票;投票 (教材原句)For example, it votes to determine which sites are to be listed as UNESCO heritage sites and monitors the state of conservation.例如, 它投票决定哪些遗址将被列入联合国教科文组织的遗产名录,并且监督保护状况。 (1)vote for 　　　　 投票赞成……;表决 vote against... 投票反对…… vote on... 就……表决 (2)votes for/against... 支持/反对……的选票 have/take a vote on 就……表决 put...to the vote 付诸表决 11.reserve n.自然保护区;储备 vt.预订;预留;保留→reservation n.预订,预约 (1)reserve...for...　　 为……而保留;贮备 (2)with reserve 有条件地;有保留地 without reserve 无条件地;无保留地 keep in reserve 留作预备 nature reserve 自然保护区 12.submit vt.& vi. 提交,呈递;屈服→submission n.投降,服从;提交 (教材原句) They submitted the proposal which contained detailed research on the 33 sites along the corridor.它们递交了提案,其中包含了对廊道沿线 33 处遗迹的详细研究。 submit sth. to sb. 把某物呈送给某人 submit to 提交;向……提出; 服从,屈服 submit(oneself)to... 向……顺从;屈服;投降 13.assign vt.指定,指派;分配;确定→assignment n. 分配;任务;作业 assign sth. to sb. =assign sb. sth.把某物派给某人 / 分配给某人某物 assign sb. to sth. 任命、指定某人到某一职位 assign work 派活;指派工作 14.ban vt.明令禁止,取缔;禁止做某事 n.禁令 (1)ban sb. from sth./doing sth.禁止某人做某事 (2)a ban on... 关于……的禁令 lift the ban 解禁;取消禁令 【名师点津】表示“阻止/ 禁止某人做某事”的搭配常见的还有: prevent sb.(from)doing sth. stop sb.(from)doing sth. keep sb. from doing sth. prohibit sb. from doing sth. prohibit sb. to do sth. forbid sb. to do sth. 考点句型 1． If so If so, you might already understand why UVESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind. 如果是这样，你们可能已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织保护对人类具有重要意义的文化和自然遗址。 if any如果有的话 if possible如果有可能 if so如果这样的话 if not如果不;不然的话 名师点津 if so表示肯定意义,如果表示否定意义,则用if not。 2. it is + adj. + that… 　[教材原句]　Millions of tourists travel to UNESCO World Heritage Sites every year, so it is only natural that the sites suffer a bit of wear and tear. 每年有数百万的游客前往联合国教科文组织的世界遗产地旅游，所以这些遗产地遭受一些磨损是很自然的事情。 (1)It is＋adj.(clear, apparent, obvious, possible, probable, likely, certain, natural ...)＋that从句(谓语动词用陈述语气) (2)It is ＋n.(a pity, a shame, one's duty, no use, no good, no wonder, no surprise ...)＋that从句(谓语动词用陈述语气) (3)It is ＋v.­ed (said, believed, known, estimated, announced, expected ...)＋that从句(谓语动词用陈述语气) (4)It is ＋adj.(necessary, important, essential ...)/v.­ed (suggested, recommended, demanded, required ...)＋that从句[谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should) do”] (5)It＋vi.(happen, occur, appear, seem ...)＋that从句(谓语动词用陈述语气) 3. “the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句型，表示“越……，越……” [教材原句]　The_more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites，the_more likely we are to treat them with respect.我们越明白遗产地突出的普遍价值，就越可能会尊重它们。 (1)“the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..”， 表示“越……，越……”，其中的比较级可用形容词的比较级，也可用副词的比较级； (2)“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”， 表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，前一分句相当于条件状语从句，后一分句相当于主句，意为“越……，越……”； (3)“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化； (4)“more and more＋多音节或部分双音节形容词/副词原级”，表示“越来越……”。 4. It is/was...that/who...强调句型 [教材原句]　It is in places like these that we cannot help but be humbled, come to understand our limitations as human beings, and know that our duty is to protect them for future generations. 正是在这样的地方,我们不得不谦卑,开始认识到我们作为人类的局限性,并知道我们的责任是为子孙后代保护它们。 (1)基本句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分. (2)一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分? (3)特殊疑问句:疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was+it+that+句子其他部分? (4)not...until...结构的强调句型:It is/was not until...that... 考点语法 考点1．连接词 (1)that that引导同位语从句时本身没有词义，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves around the sun.他提到了哥白尼的关于地球绕太阳转的说法。 (2)whether whether引导同位语从句时意为“是否”，但不充当句子成分；if不可引导同位语从句。 The users of smart watches have brought up some doubt whether their privacy will be violated. 智能手表用户对自己的隐私是否会受到侵犯提出了一些疑问。 考点2．连接代词who，whom，what，which等 连接代词不但起连接作用，也在从句中作名词或代词所作的成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语等。若缺少连接代词，则从句不完整。 The question who should do the job requires considering/to be considered. 谁应该做这个工作的问题还需考虑。 考点3．连接副词when，where，why，how 连接副词不但起连接作用，还在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。 I haven’t answered the question how I will deal with the matter. 我还没有回答我将如何处理这件事的问题。 考点4、同位语从句中应注意的问题 1.同位语从句常用于下列名词之后: news,idea,fact,promise,order,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),possibility, decision,answer, belief, information, knowledge, law, opinion, plan, truth, advice, announcement, argument, claim, conclusion, evidence, explanation, feeling, impression, proposal, remark, reply, report, reason, saying, statement, warning, wish等。 2、同位语从句和定语从句的区别 (1)同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系;而定语从句是修饰先行词。 (2) that在同位语从句中无词义,不充当句子成分;而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。 (3)whether, how, what可以引导同位语从句,不能引导定语从句。 (4) who, whom, which, when, where, why引导同位语从句,保持原来疑问词的含义,而引导定语从句时,不具有疑问词的含义。 一. 单词拼写 1．It was reported that the accident was caused by a woman who suddenly (倒下) in the street. 2．Environmental damage threatens the whole of c (文明) 3．The magician’s performance was so impressive that it was i (极好，难以置信). 4．Continuous failures have completely (摧毁) her hopes for happiness. 5．The ancient temple and other cultural relics are well (保护). 6．Unfortunately, the two countries had many c and the war broke out. 7．Students are required to (评估) the effectiveness of different communication strategies in their group projects. 8．Your brain will get used to this way of thinking and people will recognize your i (主动性) and reward you for it. 9．Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in r . 10．The (扩张) of the railway network has facilitated the movement of goods and people across the country. 二. 选词填空 in danger, be awed by, in need of, at risk, wear out, lead to a great deal of, break out, on purpose, demand for 1．There were moments when I wondered: did she do this , or was it all just a game, an act? 2．There was damp everywhere and the entire building was rewiring. 3．You must be absolutely ; as a result, you will be in low spirits. 4．I also had friends who gave me encouragement. 5．The new system may be more economic but a decline in programme quality. 6．He was 29 when war . 7．All of us will struggle fairly hard to survive if we are . 8．The principal effect of the new houses was to inflate prices. 9．I David’s courage. 10．As with all diseases, certain groups will be more than others. 三. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．There is an (urge) need to take the victim to the hospital at once. 2．The bad weather (ruin) our trip last week. 3．As well as being home to a wide (diverse) of ocean species, the reef can boost tourism and fishing in the local area, providing many job opportunities. 4．There are (current) around 1,100 sites in more than 160 countries worldwide. 5．For instance, the Great Pyramid of Giza is now several metres shorter than it was (original). 6． (fortunate), they face a variety of dangers and many of them are in urgent need of protection. Let’s look at some specific issues. 7．After close consultation with the (specialist), the local government couldn’t agree on how to make the repairs safely. 8．Since its founding in 2004, the cultural fair has seen a continuous (expand) in its exhibition scale, visitor number and degree of internationalization. 9．His (apply) to the court for bail has been refused. 10. According to the professor studying insect movements, the mass (migrate) of monarch butterflies remains a mystery. 四. 完成句子 1．如果给他们一个展示自己画作的机会，他们一定会给我们一个大大的惊喜。(if条件状语从句的省略) , they are bound to give us a big surprise. 2．在我看来，重要的是在我们的日常生活中我们应该重视的是朋友而不是手机。(it＋be＋形容词＋that +虚拟语气) In my opinion, it is important that instead of phones in our daily life. 3．正是乔丹令人印象深刻的技术使得这场比赛给我留下深刻的印象。（强调句） made the competition . 4．与娱乐相比，我认为关于健康和文化的栏目（column）更重要。（同位语从句） Compared to the entertainment, I hold the view . 5．你越是关注负面情绪，就越难将注意力转移到其他事情。(The more…the more ) 6．英语可以被全世界理解，但有一些语言离开本国只有少数人说。(while) ( 8 / 8 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites 【速记清单】 单元重点单词短语句型语法 考点词汇 1．preserve vt.保护，维护，保存；维持 n．保护区→preserved adj.保藏的；腌制的→well­preserved adj.保存良好的→preservation n．保护 [教材原句]　If so, you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.如果是这样，你们也许已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址。 preserve sb./sth.from sth.保护某人/某物免受…… nature preserve自然保护区 2．urgent adj.紧急的；紧迫的；催促的，急切的→urgency n．紧急；迫切→urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策 n．强烈的欲望；冲动 [教材原句]　Unfortunately, they face a variety of dangers and many of them are in urgent need of protection.很遗憾，它们正面临各种危险，其中多处急需保护。 urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事 urge sth.on sb.极力主张某人某事 it is urged that...(should) do sth.极力主张……做某事 feel/have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事 3. wear down 使磨损，使逐渐磨平 (教材原句)The long-term natural forces，such as wind，water and temperature，can gradually wear down heritage sites. 长期的自然力，比如风、水和温度，会逐渐侵蚀遗产地。 4．ruin vt.毁坏，破坏；使破产，毁灭 n．毁灭，毁坏；破产；残垣断壁 [教材原句]　Natural disasters, the sudden and powerful natural forces，can lead to the destruction of heritage sites: in 2003，a terrible earthquake shook south­eastern Iran and ruined large parts of the city of Bam, an incredible UNESCO cultural heritage site.自然灾害这种突发而强大的自然力会破坏遗产地：2003年，一场可怕的地震袭击了伊朗东南部，摧毁了巴姆古城的大部分地区。该古城是一处令人叹为观止的联合国教科文组织文化遗产地。 (1)ruin oneself自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉 (2)be/lie in ruins毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪 fall/go/come into ruin毁灭；败落 5．conflict n．(军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致vi.冲突，抵触 [教材原句]　In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out, fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose.在一些经常爆发内战的冲突地区，战士甚至会故意炸毁遗产地。 in conflict with...over...在……上与……有冲突/争执 come into conflict with...与……发生冲突/发生争执/发生矛盾 conflict with...与……有冲突，与……相抵触 6．conflict n．(军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致vi.冲突，抵触 [教材原句]　In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out, fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose.在一些经常爆发内战的冲突地区，战士甚至会故意炸毁遗产地。 in conflict with...over...在……上与……有冲突/争执 come into conflict with...与……发生冲突/发生争执/发生矛盾 conflict with...与……有冲突，与……相抵触 7．consultation n．咨询，商讨；就诊→consult vi.咨询；商量，商议vt.咨询，向……请教；商量→consultant n．顾问；会诊医师 [教材原句]　After close consultation with the specialists，the local government couldn't agree on how to make the repairs safely.经过与专家们的密切协商，当地政府未能就如何安全地进行修理达成一致意见。 consult (with) sb.about/on sth.向某人咨询/请教某事；就某事和某人商量 consult a dictionary 查阅字典 8．suspend vt.暂停；悬，挂 [教材原句]　Therefore，the repair work was suspended.因此，维修工作暂停了。 suspend sb.from sth.使某人暂时停学/停职 suspend sth.from sth.将某物悬挂于…… 9.interrupt vt.打扰,插嘴;使暂停,使中断→interruption n.打扰;插嘴;障碍物 (教材原句)Sorry to interrupt you, Miss Ma.不好意思,打断你了,马小姐。 (1)interrupt...with...　 因……打断…… be interrupted by 被……打断 (2)without interruption 连续地;不断地 10.vote vt.&vi.投票,表决 n.选票;投票 (教材原句)For example, it votes to determine which sites are to be listed as UNESCO heritage sites and monitors the state of conservation.例如, 它投票决定哪些遗址将被列入联合国教科文组织的遗产名录,并且监督保护状况。 (1)vote for 　　　　 投票赞成……;表决 vote against... 投票反对…… vote on... 就……表决 (2)votes for/against... 支持/反对……的选票 have/take a vote on 就……表决 put...to the vote 付诸表决 11.reserve n.自然保护区;储备 vt.预订;预留;保留→reservation n.预订,预约 (1)reserve...for...　　 为……而保留;贮备 (2)with reserve 有条件地;有保留地 without reserve 无条件地;无保留地 keep in reserve 留作预备 nature reserve 自然保护区 12.submit vt.& vi. 提交,呈递;屈服→submission n.投降,服从;提交 (教材原句) They submitted the proposal which contained detailed research on the 33 sites along the corridor.它们递交了提案,其中包含了对廊道沿线 33 处遗迹的详细研究。 submit sth. to sb. 把某物呈送给某人 submit to 提交;向……提出; 服从,屈服 submit(oneself)to... 向……顺从;屈服;投降 13.assign vt.指定,指派;分配;确定→assignment n. 分配;任务;作业 assign sth. to sb. =assign sb. sth.把某物派给某人 / 分配给某人某物 assign sb. to sth. 任命、指定某人到某一职位 assign work 派活;指派工作 14.ban vt.明令禁止,取缔;禁止做某事 n.禁令 (1)ban sb. from sth./doing sth.禁止某人做某事 (2)a ban on... 关于……的禁令 lift the ban 解禁;取消禁令 【名师点津】表示“阻止/ 禁止某人做某事”的搭配常见的还有: prevent sb.(from)doing sth. stop sb.(from)doing sth. keep sb. from doing sth. prohibit sb. from doing sth. prohibit sb. to do sth. forbid sb. to do sth. 考点句型 1． If so If so, you might already understand why UVESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind. 如果是这样，你们可能已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织保护对人类具有重要意义的文化和自然遗址。 if any如果有的话 if possible如果有可能 if so如果这样的话 if not如果不;不然的话 名师点津 if so表示肯定意义,如果表示否定意义,则用if not。 2. it is + adj. + that… 　[教材原句]　Millions of tourists travel to UNESCO World Heritage Sites every year, so it is only natural that the sites suffer a bit of wear and tear. 每年有数百万的游客前往联合国教科文组织的世界遗产地旅游，所以这些遗产地遭受一些磨损是很自然的事情。 (1)It is＋adj.(clear, apparent, obvious, possible, probable, likely, certain, natural ...)＋that从句(谓语动词用陈述语气) (2)It is ＋n.(a pity, a shame, one's duty, no use, no good, no wonder, no surprise ...)＋that从句(谓语动词用陈述语气) (3)It is ＋v.­ed (said, believed, known, estimated, announced, expected ...)＋that从句(谓语动词用陈述语气) (4)It is ＋adj.(necessary, important, essential ...)/v.­ed (suggested, recommended, demanded, required ...)＋that从句[谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should) do”] (5)It＋vi.(happen, occur, appear, seem ...)＋that从句(谓语动词用陈述语气) 3. “the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句型，表示“越……，越……” [教材原句]　The_more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites，the_more likely we are to treat them with respect.我们越明白遗产地突出的普遍价值，就越可能会尊重它们。 (1)“the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..”， 表示“越……，越……”，其中的比较级可用形容词的比较级，也可用副词的比较级； (2)“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”， 表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，前一分句相当于条件状语从句，后一分句相当于主句，意为“越……，越……”； (3)“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化； (4)“more and more＋多音节或部分双音节形容词/副词原级”，表示“越来越……”。 4. It is/was...that/who...强调句型 [教材原句]　It is in places like these that we cannot help but be humbled, come to understand our limitations as human beings, and know that our duty is to protect them for future generations. 正是在这样的地方,我们不得不谦卑,开始认识到我们作为人类的局限性,并知道我们的责任是为子孙后代保护它们。 (1)基本句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分. (2)一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分? (3)特殊疑问句:疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was+it+that+句子其他部分? (4)not...until...结构的强调句型:It is/was not until...that... 考点语法 考点1．连接词 (1)that that引导同位语从句时本身没有词义，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves around the sun.他提到了哥白尼的关于地球绕太阳转的说法。 (2)whether whether引导同位语从句时意为“是否”，但不充当句子成分；if不可引导同位语从句。 The users of smart watches have brought up some doubt whether their privacy will be violated. 智能手表用户对自己的隐私是否会受到侵犯提出了一些疑问。 考点2．连接代词who，whom，what，which等 连接代词不但起连接作用，也在从句中作名词或代词所作的成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语等。若缺少连接代词，则从句不完整。 The question who should do the job requires considering/to be considered. 谁应该做这个工作的问题还需考虑。 考点3．连接副词when，where，why，how 连接副词不但起连接作用，还在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。 I haven’t answered the question how I will deal with the matter. 我还没有回答我将如何处理这件事的问题。 考点4、同位语从句中应注意的问题 1.同位语从句常用于下列名词之后: news,idea,fact,promise,order,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),possibility, decision,answer, belief, information, knowledge, law, opinion, plan, truth, advice, announcement, argument, claim, conclusion, evidence, explanation, feeling, impression, proposal, remark, reply, report, reason, saying, statement, warning, wish等。 2、同位语从句和定语从句的区别 (1)同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系;而定语从句是修饰先行词。 (2) that在同位语从句中无词义,不充当句子成分;而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。 (3)whether, how, what可以引导同位语从句,不能引导定语从句。 (4) who, whom, which, when, where, why引导同位语从句,保持原来疑问词的含义,而引导定语从句时,不具有疑问词的含义。 一. 单词拼写 1．It was reported that the accident was caused by a woman who suddenly (倒下) in the street. 【答案】collapsed 【详解】考查动词。句意：据报道，这次事故是由一位妇女突然晕倒在街上引起的。根据汉语提示可知，表示“倒下”可用动词collapse，再根据上文的was可知，本句时态为一般过去时，所以用动词的过去式形式。故填collapsed。 2．Environmental damage threatens the whole of c (文明) 【答案】civilization/ivilization 【详解】考查名词。句意：环境破坏威胁着整个文明。介词of后接名词作宾语、根据中英文提示及句意可知，此处使用名词civilization，作宾语，为不可数名词。故填civilization。 3．The magician’s performance was so impressive that it was i (极好，难以置信). 【答案】incredible/ncredible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：魔术师的表演令人印象深刻，令人难以置信。根据中英文提示可知应用形容词incredible，作表语。故填incredible。 4．Continuous failures have completely (摧毁) her hopes for happiness. 【答案】destroyed/ruin 【详解】考查动词及时态。句意：续的失败完全摧毁了她对幸福的希望。根据汉语提示“摧毁”，英文为destroy/ruin，动词作谓语。根据空前的助动词have可知，本句为现在完成时，动词用过去分词。故填destroyed/ruined。 5．The ancient temple and other cultural relics are well (保护). 【答案】preserved 【详解】考查语态。句意：古老的寺庙和其他文化遗迹保存完好。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词preserve, other cultural relics与preserve为被动关系，应用过去分词，与are构成一般现在的被动语态。故填preserved。 6．Unfortunately, the two countries had many c and the war broke out. 【答案】conflicts/onflicts 【详解】考查名词。句意：不幸的是，两国发生了许多冲突，战争爆发了。空处作动词had的宾语，结合and the war broke out可知，此处表示“冲突”用conflict，many搭配可数名词复数。故填conflicts。 7．Students are required to (评估) the effectiveness of different communication strategies in their group projects. 【答案】evaluate/assess 【详解】考查动词。句意：学生需要评估小组项目中不同沟通策略的有效性。根据汉语提示“评估”可知，应用动词原形evaluate或assess和to构成不定式，作主语补语。故填evaluate/assess。 8．Your brain will get used to this way of thinking and people will recognize your i (主动性) and reward you for it. 【答案】initiative/nitiative 【详解】考查名词。句意：你的大脑会习惯这种思维方式，人们会认识到你的主动性，并因此奖励你。“主动性”作宾语，结合首字母提示，用名词initiative，不可数名词。故填initiative。 9．Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in r . 【答案】ruins/uins 【详解】考查名词。句意：坚硬的岩石山变成了泥土的河流。不到一分钟，一座大城市就变成了废墟。in ruins是固定短语，意为 “成为废墟；严重受损；破败不堪”。根据首字母提示及句意，故填ruins。 10．The (扩张) of the railway network has facilitated the movement of goods and people across the country. 【答案】expansion 【详解】考查名词。句意：铁路网的扩张促进了货物和人员在全国各地的流动。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“扩张”应用expansion，为不可数名词，在本句中作主语。故填expansion。 二. 选词填空 in danger, be awed by, in need of, at risk, wear out, lead to a great deal of, break out, on purpose, demand for 1．There were moments when I wondered: did she do this , or was it all just a game, an act? 2．There was damp everywhere and the entire building was rewiring. 3．You must be absolutely ; as a result, you will be in low spirits. 4．I also had friends who gave me encouragement. 5．The new system may be more economic but a decline in programme quality. 6．He was 29 when war . 7．All of us will struggle fairly hard to survive if we are . 8．The principal effect of the new houses was to inflate prices. 9．I David’s courage. 10．As with all diseases, certain groups will be more than others. 【答案】 1．on purpose 2．in need of 3．worn out 4．a great deal of 5．lead to 6．broke out 7．in danger 8．demand for 9．was awed by 10．at risk 【解析】1．考查固定短语。句意：有时我会想：她是故意这样做的吗，还是这只是一个游戏，一个表演？本空表示“故意地”，用固定短语on purpose。故填on purpose。 2．考查固定短语。句意：到处都是潮湿的，整个建筑需要重新布线。本空表示“需要”，用固定短语in need of。故填in need of。 3．考查固定短语。句意：你一定是筋疲力尽了；结果，你会情绪低落。wear out“使精疲力尽”，与主语You为被动关系，本空用过去分词，worn out表示“筋疲力尽”。故填worn out。 4．考查固定短语。句意：我也有一些朋友给了我很多的鼓励。本空表示“很大程度的，很多的”，用固定短语a great deal of。故填a great deal of。 5．考查固定短语、情态动词。句意：新系统可能更经济，但可能导致节目质量下降。本空表示“导致”，用固定短语lead to，与情态动词may连用，用动词原形。故填lead to。 6．考查固定短语、时态。句意：战争爆发时他29岁。本空表示“爆发”，用固定短语break out，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填broke out。 7．考查固定短语。句意：如果我们处于危险中，所有人都会努力生存。本空表示“处于危险中”，用固定短语in danger。故填in danger。 8．考查固定短语。句意：新房子的主要影响是抬高了价格。本空表示“需求”，用固定短语demand for。故填demand for。 9．考查固定短语、时态。句意：我对大卫的勇气感到敬畏。本空表示“敬畏”，用固定短语be awed by，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，且主语为I，be动词用was。故填was awed by。 10．考查固定短语。句意：和所有疾病一样，某些群体将比其他群体更有风险。本空表示“处于风险中”，用固定短语at risk。故填at risk。 三. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．There is an (urge) need to take the victim to the hospital at once. 【答案】urgent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：需要立即将受害者送往医院。设空处需要使用urge的形容词urgent作定语修饰名词need，表示“紧急的”。故填urgent。 2．The bad weather (ruin) our trip last week. 【答案】ruined 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：上周的坏天气毁了我们的旅行。动词ruin(毁坏，破坏)作谓语，结合时间状语last week可知，描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时态ruined。故填ruined。 3．As well as being home to a wide (diverse) of ocean species, the reef can boost tourism and fishing in the local area, providing many job opportunities. 【答案】diversity 【详解】考查名词。句意：除了是多种海洋物种的家园外，珊瑚礁还能促进当地的旅游和渔业，提供许多就业机会。本空用名词diversity，表示“多样性”，a diversity of“多样性”，为固定短语。故填diversity。 4．There are (current) around 1,100 sites in more than 160 countries worldwide. 【答案】currently 【详解】考查副词。句意：目前在全球160多个国家约有1100个站点。此处为副词作时间状语，current的副词为currently意为“目前”符合句意。故填currently。 5．For instance, the Great Pyramid of Giza is now several metres shorter than it was (original). 【答案】originally 【详解】考查副词。句意：例如，吉萨大金字塔现在比原来短了几米。空处用副词作状语，表示“原来”用originally。故填originally。 6． (fortunate), they face a variety of dangers and many of them are in urgent need of protection. Let’s look at some specific issues. 【答案】Unfortunately 【详解】考查副词。句意：不幸的是，他们面临着各种危险，其中许多人迫切需要保护。让我们来看看一些具体问题。空处修饰整个句子，作状语，应填副词，fortunate是形容词，其副词为fortunately，意为“幸运地”，结合句意，此处表达“不幸地”，故需填unfortunately，空处位于句首，需首字母大写。故填Unfortunately。 7．After close consultation with the (specialist), the local government couldn’t agree on how to make the repairs safely. 【答案】specialists 【详解】考查名词。句意：经过与专家的密切磋商，当地政府无法就如何安全进行维修达成一致。specialist为名词，此处用名词复数表示泛指。故填specialists。 8．Since its founding in 2004, the cultural fair has seen a continuous (expand) in its exhibition scale, visitor number and degree of internationalization. 【答案】expansion 【详解】考查名词。句意：自 2004 年创办以来，这个文化博览会在展览规模、参观人数以及国际化程度方面都不断扩大。作动词的宾语，应用名词expansion，不定冠词提示用单数。故填expansion。 9．His (apply) to the court for bail has been refused. 【答案】application 【详解】考查名词。句意：他向法院申请保释被拒绝了。空处作主语，需用名词application，结合“has”可知，使用名词单数形式。故填application。 10. According to the professor studying insect movements, the mass (migrate) of monarch butterflies remains a mystery. 【答案】migration 【详解】考查名词。句意：根据研究昆虫运动的教授的说法，帝王蝶的大规模迁徙仍然是一个谜。根据空前的the mass可知，空处应用名词，作主语。migration意为“迁徙”。故填migration。 四. 完成句子 1．如果给他们一个展示自己画作的机会，他们一定会给我们一个大大的惊喜。(if条件状语从句的省略) , they are bound to give us a big surprise. 【答案】If given an opportunity to display their own paintings 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。用if条件状语从句的省略表示“如果给他们一个展示自己画作的机会”为if given an opportunity to display their own paintings，相当于if they are given an opportunity，省略了主语和be，动词give和主语之间是被动关系，不定式短语to display their own paintings作后置定语。句首字母大写，故填If given an opportunity to display their own paintings。 2．在我看来，重要的是在我们的日常生活中我们应该重视的是朋友而不是手机。(it＋be＋形容词＋that +虚拟语气) In my opinion, it is important that instead of phones in our daily life. 【答案】we (should) value our friends 【详解】考查虚拟语气。分析句子可知，空处缺少“我们应该重视的是朋友”，it is important that从句中用虚拟语气，谓语部分是（should）+动词原形。主语是we，谓语是should value，should可以省略，宾语是our friends。故填we (should) value our friends。 3．正是乔丹令人印象深刻的技术使得这场比赛给我留下深刻的印象。（强调句） made the competition . 【答案】 It was Jordan’s impressive skill that so impressive to me 【详解】考查强调句型、名词短语和时态。根据句子提示要求可知，该句使用It is/was…that…强调句型，该句陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，be动词使用was，“乔丹令人印象深刻的技术”应为名词短语Jordan’s impressive skill；“使得这场比赛给我留下深刻的印象”即“使得这场比赛对我而言是如此印象深刻的”，使用so impressive，表示“如此令人印象深刻”，作宾语补足语，“对我而言”to me。故填①It was Jordan’s impressive skill that；②so impressive to me。 4．与娱乐相比，我认为关于健康和文化的栏目（column）更重要。（同位语从句） Compared to the entertainment, I hold the view . 【答案】that the value of the columns concerning health and culture is more important. 【详解】考查同位语从句和时态。“关于健康和文化的栏目”译为the columns concerning health and culture，作主语且为单数，“更重要”译为more important，作表语，此处抽象名词view后面是that引导的同位语从句，说明view的具体内容，本句称述客观事实用一般现在时，故翻译为that the value of the columns concerning health and culture is more important. 5．你越是关注负面情绪，就越难将注意力转移到其他事情。(The more…the more ) 【答案】The more you focus on negative emotions, the more difficult it is to shift your attention to other things. 【详解】考查比较级结构、动词短语和时态。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时。表示“越…越…”应用比较级结构The more…the more…；表示“关注”应用动词短语focus on；表示“负面情绪”应用negative emotions；表示“将注意力转移到其他事情”应用shift your attention to other things，其中shift表示“转移”，to引导方向。“做某事困难”用it is difficult to do。故翻译为The more you focus on negative emotions, the more difficult it is to shift your attention to other things. 6．英语可以被全世界理解，但有一些语言离开本国只有少数人说。(while) 【答案】English can be understood all over the world while some languages are spoken by only a few people outside the countries. 【详解】考查连词，被动语态和时态。分析句子的结构可知，该句为while“而，然而”连接的并列句。表示“英语可以被全世界理解”主语为English，表示“理解”为understand，为句子的谓语，该句主语和谓语之间是被动关系，故为English can be understood all over the world。后半句“有一些语言离开本国只有少数人说”中主语为“一些语言”some languages，谓语为speak“说”两者之间是被动关系，“只有少数人”为only a few，叙述客观事实，为一般现在时。故为 some languages are spoken by only a few people outside the countries.故答案为English can be understood all over the world while some languages are spoken by only a few people outside the countries. 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