Unit 3 Back to the past【单元卷•测试卷】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记•巧练（译林版2020选择必修第三册）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 __________ Unit 3 Back to the past 测试卷 (时间：100分钟，满分：120分) 第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A （24-25高二上·河北邢台·期末） Yosemite National Park Yosemite National Park is located in California, USA．It is surrounded by Sierra National Forest to the southeast and Stanislaus National Forest to the northwest. The National Park Service manages this park, which covers 759, 620 acres in four counties: Tuolumne, Mariposa, Mono, and Madera. In 1984, it was recognized as a World Heritage Site because of its granite cliffs (花岗岩峭壁), waterfalls, clear streams, thick forest, lakes, mountains, and bio-diversity. About 95 percent of the park is wild and untouched, making it one of the largest natural habitats in the Sierra Nevada.Geography The park’s landscape is mostly made of granite and older rocks. Around 10 million years ago, the Sierra Nevada mountains rose and tilted, which increased the steepness of stream and river beds, forming deep, narrow canyons. One million years ago, glaciers (冰川) formed in higher areas and moved down, carving the U-shaped Yosemite Valley.History European American settlers first entered the valley in 1851. Other travelers entered earlier, but James D．Savage is credited with discovering the area that became Yosemite National Park. Native Americans had lived in the area for nearly 4,000 years, although humans may have first visited as long as 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. Yosemite played an important role in the idea of national parks. Galen Clark and others worked hard to protect Yosemite Valley, leading to President Abraham Lincoln signing the Yosemite Grant in 1864, which preserved the land. In 1890, John Muir led a successful movement, helping to establish Yosemite Valley and its surrounding areas as a National Park. Yosemite draws about four million visitors each year. Most visitors spend the majority of their time in the valley’s seven square miles. 1．What makes Yosemite National Park listed as a World Heritage Site? A．Its exploration history. B．Its extremely large area. C．Its convenient location. D．Its rich natural resources. 2．What is the percentage of Yosemite National Park remaining a wilderness? A．About 50%. B．About 75%. C．About 85%. D．About 95%. 3．Who discovered Yosemite Valley according to the text? A．John Muir. B．Galen Clark. C．James D．Savage. D．Abraham Lincoln. B （24-25高二上·广东汕尾·阶段练习）Here on the side of Mount Everest, Kaji Bista has spent a decade keeping a lonely watch over a largely abandoned scientific laboratory. He expects the world’s highest research station to once again come to life. The laboratory opened in 1990 and for more than 2 decades, it served as a special spot for scientists seeking to keep an eye on changing conditions on Earth’s tallest mountain. In 2015, shifting scientific priorities (优先考虑的事) cost the lab most of its funding, and its 15-person staff were reduced to just Bista. Now, the tall, soft-spoken man spends 10 months a year working to keep the aging facility functioning. “My emotional attachment to the lab… keeps me going,” he said. Bista began working at the station in 2006. He states that it was originally established to settle a disagreement between Italian and U.S. mountaineers over whether Everest or K2 was the world’s tallest. Researchers used GPS measurements to prove Everest was taller, as the Italian climbers insisted. That work finally evolved into a plan, supported by the National Research Council of Italy (CNR) and the Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), to develop a facility that could do much more. Climate scientist Sudeep Thakuri says that he is grateful the lab has played an important role in not only his own studies of the region’s glaciers (冰川), but also in studies of regional biodiversity, the long-range transport of pollutants, etc. In response to the appeal of scientists, Suresh Kumar Dhungel a senior scientist at NAST, reports discussions with CNR officials have recently resulted in moves to resume laboratory operations. And Agostino Da Polenza, president of Ev-K2-CNR, says he is working to regenerate lab programs. And his group plans to launch a crowdfunding campaign later to raise more money. Bista does his best to repair those aging instruments. “When I face any problem, I turn to experts in Italy and then act accordingly,” he said. But sometimes it can take months for spare parts to arrive. “I am helpless in this case,” he said. Yet, Bista hasn’t lost hope. “This laboratory will soon be renovated (整修),” he said. “This is my belief.” 4．What can we infer about the research station? A．It has set off a disagreement. B．It has been lightly regarded for years. C．It involves high repair costs. D．It has been fully functioning for years. 5．What was the station originally intended for? A．Conducting a geographic survey. B．Providing accommodation for mountain climbers. C．Studying the effect of human activities on Everest. D．Establishing a harmonious relationship between Italy and America. 6．What does the underlined word “resume” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Prevent. B．Restore. C．Stop. D．Abandon. 7．What challenge is Bista facing in his work? A．Delays in transporting the repair parts. B．Conflicts between research team members. C．Pressure from administrative management. D．Lack of timely guidance from professionals. C （24-25高二上·重庆·期中）During the 1960s, while researching the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Chris encountered a mystery that, surprisingly, had never bothered anyone before: he was unable to locate the park’s volcano. It had been well-established for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that’s what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Chris couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere. Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, only think of the classic cone (圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting lava (岩浆) piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, with a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known sort of volcano that doesn’t involve mountain building. These volcanoes are so powerful that they explode in one large crack, leaving a huge hole called a caldera. Yellowstone clearly belonged to this second sort, but Chris couldn’t find the caldera anywhere. Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice enlargement for one of the visitors’ centers. As soon as Christ saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park —2.2 million acres — was a caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across — much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans. 8．What confused Chris when he was studying Yellowstone? A．Its steamy features. B．Its geographic diversity. C．The mystery of its history. D．The location of its volcano. 9．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The types of volcanoes. B．The process of lava eruption. C．The impact of volcano forming. D．The experience of a Mexican farmer. 10．What made it difficult for people to find the caldera? A．The caldera’s size. B．NASA’s equipment. C．Visitors’ carelessness. D．Yellowstone’s history. 11．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Yellowstone’s Hidden Treasure. B．The Magical Birth of Yellowstone’s Volcano. C．Yellowstone’s Hidden Caldera Revealed by NASA． D．The Discovery of Yellowstone’s Missing Mountain. D （24-25高二上·广东茂名·期中）Yellowstone National Park is a territory of extraordinary natural beauty that can bless the spirit like no other. There are numerous remarkable places in Yellowstone that seem designed for travelers to simply sit back and admire. Unfold your picnic chair at Pet Creek and let the sound of its rushing waters bless your mind and soul. The park’s north, where dense trees stretch out into rolling meadows in Lamar Valley, is a sight to behold. The lush fields are watched by babbling brooks and framed by a backdrop of snow-capped peaks. It’s a splendid display of nature’s grandeur (壮丽). Bringing binoculars allows you to catch a closer glimpse of the rare wild bison and other native animals. When evening sets in, you can set up your tent at one of the many campsites or head out of the park’s north entrance to Garner. This gateway town is the perfect haven for weary travelers. Warm yourself with a hearty meal at one of the many superb eateries (饭馆) before continuing your epic adventure in Yellowstone. In Yellowstone, every step in any direction is like a journey to another world. It is a place where one can wander freely and experience the diverse beauty of nature. The enormous landscapes, the visible wonders, and the rewarding experiences all appeal to those with an appetite for adventure. Whether it’s the rushing fountain — like waters, the charming cottages scattered around, or the majestic mountains, Yellowstone offers a unique and unforgettable experience. Prohibiting activities that harm the environment ensures that this natural paradise remains intact for generations to come. 12．The word “bless” in the first sentence most likely means ________. A．curse B．benefit C．confuse D．ignore 13．Where can visitors find a place to warm themselves up with a meal after a day of exploring？ A．In Garner B．At Pet Creek C．In Lamar Valley D．On the mountain peaks 14．What can be inferred from the passage about Yellowstone National Park? A．Yellowstone National Park is only accessible by foot. B．Visitors are not allowed to bring binoculars into Yellowstone. C．We should protect the environment to be intact for generations. D．Yellowstone’s landscapes are not as diverse as other national parks. 15．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Yellowstone National Park offers diverse natural beauty. B．Yellowstone National Park is a popular tourist destination. C．Visitors can camp and eat well in Yellowstone National Park. D．Yellowstone National Park protects rare wild animals. 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （24-25高二上·安徽·阶段练习）Valleys are one of the most common landforms on the Earth. They are formed through erosion (侵蚀) or the gradual wearing down of the land by wind and water. Their form depends on what is eroding it, the slope (坡度) of the land, the type of rock or soil and the amount of time the land has been eroded. There are three common types of valleys: V-shaped valleys, U-shaped valleys and flat floored valleys. 16    A V-shaped valley, sometimes called a river valley, is a narrow valley with steeply (陡峭地) sloped sides that appear similar to the letter “V”. They are formed by strong streams, which over time have cut down into the rock. These valleys form with streams in their “youthful” stage. 17 An example of a V-shaped valley is the Grand Canyon in the Southwestern United States. A U-shaped valley is a valley with a profile (轮廓) similar to the letter “U”. 18 They are formed by glacial (冰川的) erosion during the last glaciation. This is because ice sheets flowed down the pre-existing river or V-shaped valleys and caused the bottom of the “V” to level out into a “U” shape, resulting in a wider, deeper valley. The third type of the valley is called a flat-floored valley. These valleys, like V-shaped valleys, are formed by streams. 19 Over time, the stream continues to erode the valley’s soil, widening it further. With flood, the material that is eroded and carried in the stream is deposited which builds up the floodplain and the valley. During this process, the shape of the valley changes from a V or U shaped valley into one with a broad flat valley floor. 20 They are close to rivers which enable easier movement and also provide resources like water, good soils and food such as fish. The valleys themselves were also helpful as valley walls often blocked winds and other severe weather if the settlement patterns were positioned correctly. Valleys also provided a safe place for settlement and made invasions difficult. A．A valley is normally occupied by a river or stream. B．During this period, streams flow rapidly down steep slopes. C．The river begins to erode the bank of its channel instead of valley walls. D．The shape of valleys varies but they are typically steep-sided canyons or broad plains. E．This type of valley is characterized by steep sides that curve in at the base of the valley wall. F．The difference is that they are no longer in their youthful stage, and are instead in a mature stage. G．Valleys have played an important role in people’s life since the beginning of human development. 第二部分语言运用(共三节，满分35分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 History’s first empire rose out of a hot, dry landscape, without rainfall for crops, without trees or stones for building. In spite of all this, its people built the world’s first cities, with monumental architecture and large populations — and they built them 21 out of mud. Sumer 22 the southern part of modern Iraq in the region called Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia means “between two rivers” — the Tigris and the Euphrates. Around 5000 BCE, early Sumerians used channels and dams to 23 river water and farm large areas of previously 24 land. Agricultural communities like this were slowly 25 in Mesopotamia. But Sumerians were the first to take the 26 step. Using 27 made from river mud, they began to build multi-storied homes and temples. Those clay bricks gave rise to the world’s first 28 , like Uruk, Ur, and Eridu, probably around 4500 BCE. The Sumerians created the first 29 system, designed to teach the ability of writing. In the schools, people studied from dawn to dusk, from 30 well into adulthood. They 31 accounting, mathematics, and copied works of literature. But by the third millennium (千年) BCE, Sumer was no longer the 32 empire around, or even in Mesopotamia. Waves of nomadic (游牧) tribes poured into the 33 from the north and east. In 2300 BCE, the Sumerian Empire was conquered and 34 . Afterward, Sumer disappeared back into the desert dirt, not to be 35 until the 19th century. 21．A．permanently B．quickly C．patiently D．entirely 22．A．occupied B．destroyed C．lost D．attacked 23．A．separate B．interrupt C．redirect D．freeze 24．A．dry B．royal C．awesome D．rich 25．A．wearing down B．springing up C．rising up D．breaking down 26．A．next B．last C．slow D．same 27．A．equipment B．basins C．walls D．bricks 28．A．emperors B．universities C．cities D．palaces 29．A．law B．school C．construction D．labour 30．A．society B．childhood C．community D．parenthood 31．A．invented B．dismissed C．learned D．preserved 32．A．only B．safe C．weak D．reliable 33．A．region B．center C．river D．farm 34．A．strengthened B．saved C．surrounded D．overturned 35．A．rebuilt B．relocated C．rediscovered D．reunited 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （24-25高二上·江西宜春·期末） At present, the take-out industry has become a popular consumption pattern. Apart from 36 (buy) food from take-out stores, consumers can order food at different times and in multiple places 37 the help of the network. While we tend to think of take-out food as something originating in the modern era (时代) as a result of our “too busy to prepare my own meal” lifestyle, the 38 (true) is quite the opposite. The concept of take-out food can be traced back to both ancient Greece and ancient Rome. In the ancient Greco-Roman world, eating at home was highly 39 (usual) for poor people. Because these people could not afford a private kitchen in their house to cook meals for 40 (they), they had to buy 41 (prepare) food from market and roadside stalls. Thus, what was called “thermopolium” came into being. The word thermopolium literally meant “a place 42 something hot is sold” at that time. It was either an ancient form of a take-out restaurant 43 an outdoor service counter that offered ready-to-eat food. Over the years, archaeologists have constantly discovered a number of thermopolia in Pomeii and Herculaneum, two towns that 44 (destroy) by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. In one thermopolium, the remains of cloth bags containing around one thousand coins were discovered, 45 (certain) showing the popularity of the establishment. 第三节词汇填空(共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分) 请认真阅读下列各题，根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。 46．It is universally a that Internet plays a crucial role in modern society. 47．Jim (坚持认为) that the book Mr. Black referred to was worth reading. 48．The couple (收养) a child, who quickly adapted to the new life and has brought much joy to them. 49．He is a (队长) who leads by example, and therefore well-respected. 50．On hearing the explosion, the crowd fled (逃) in all directions in p . 51．The company is trying to find the source of the oil (泄露). 52．Kids engaged with drama show greater l (文学的) ability. 53．The report is (可用的) online for users worldwide to download the information easily. 54．Modern inventions and hi-tech gadgets f (使便利) housework in many ways. 55．They want unlimited resources to be a to everyone, at any time, no matter the cost. 第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节应用文写作(满分15分) 假定你校英文报即将开辟“History”栏目。请你根据所给要点写一篇短文为该栏目投稿，简要介绍英国工业革命（the Industrial Revolution）。 开端 纺织业的技术革新 时间 第一次工业革命：18世纪中期至19世纪中期；第二次工业革命：19世纪中期至20世纪初 影响 人口从农村转移至城市，交通工具的改变 注意：1. 词数150左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇 ：革新 innovation；纺织业 the textile industry； 蒸汽动力 steam power；轧棉机 cotton gin _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节读后续写(满分20分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I love digging in the back garden. Sometimes, I’d dig for pottery and stuff, but I’ve always wanted to find a fossil (化石). I like finding out about the past. At school, my favourite subject is history. I’ve been watching Andy’s Prehistoric Adventures since I was three. I knew I had a good chance of finding a fossil, because my house was built on a muddy, limestone substrate (石灰岩基质), in Walsall, which means millions of years ago, my garden wasn’t my garden at all—it was a coral reef (珊瑚礁). On 22 March, it was a sunny day. I came back from school. I asked Dad if I could dig in my favourite spot by the yellow bush near our house, where we had planted potatoes and onions, but he told me not to, because he’d just moved a tree there and it was establishing roots. I went to the back garden instead, taking Dad’s old brown wooden garden tools. I dug a big hole, about a foot deep, which didn’t take very long, where I found a ball of mud with something pointy sticking out the top. I ran into the kitchen screaming. I was so excited. I knew it was a fossil. At first, I thought it might be a deer’s tooth or a goat’s claw. When Dad washed the mud off, we saw that it had lots of bumpy, wavy lines; we both thought it looked like one of the sea anemones, from the fish tank in his office, but with a horn(触角). Dad sent a video to the Fossil Finds UK Facebook group. A man calling himself an archaeologist (考古学家) replied saying it had the markings of a horn coral from the Palaeozoic era, which is the very beginnings of life on Earth. I had found one of the oldest fossils in England. We looked in my books and online for more information. We typed our postcode into a British Geology Survey search where you can find out what you’re standing on—ours is the oldest substrate in the area, with lots of clay and limestone, but it’s unusual to find anything so close to the surface. Experts told us that my horn coral lived between 415 million and 480 million years ago. There weren’t even proper fish or sharks then. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Before the horn coral, the only fossils I was familiar with were shark teeth that Dad got me. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When I grow up, I want to be an archaeologist (考古学家). ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 10 / 11 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 __________ Unit 3 Back to the past 测试卷 (时间：100分钟，满分：120分) 第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A （24-25高二上·河北邢台·期末） Yosemite National Park Yosemite National Park is located in California, USA．It is surrounded by Sierra National Forest to the southeast and Stanislaus National Forest to the northwest. The National Park Service manages this park, which covers 759, 620 acres in four counties: Tuolumne, Mariposa, Mono, and Madera. In 1984, it was recognized as a World Heritage Site because of its granite cliffs (花岗岩峭壁), waterfalls, clear streams, thick forest, lakes, mountains, and bio-diversity. About 95 percent of the park is wild and untouched, making it one of the largest natural habitats in the Sierra Nevada.Geography The park’s landscape is mostly made of granite and older rocks. Around 10 million years ago, the Sierra Nevada mountains rose and tilted, which increased the steepness of stream and river beds, forming deep, narrow canyons. One million years ago, glaciers (冰川) formed in higher areas and moved down, carving the U-shaped Yosemite Valley.History European American settlers first entered the valley in 1851. Other travelers entered earlier, but James D．Savage is credited with discovering the area that became Yosemite National Park. Native Americans had lived in the area for nearly 4,000 years, although humans may have first visited as long as 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. Yosemite played an important role in the idea of national parks. Galen Clark and others worked hard to protect Yosemite Valley, leading to President Abraham Lincoln signing the Yosemite Grant in 1864, which preserved the land. In 1890, John Muir led a successful movement, helping to establish Yosemite Valley and its surrounding areas as a National Park. Yosemite draws about four million visitors each year. Most visitors spend the majority of their time in the valley’s seven square miles. 1．What makes Yosemite National Park listed as a World Heritage Site? A．Its exploration history. B．Its extremely large area. C．Its convenient location. D．Its rich natural resources. 2．What is the percentage of Yosemite National Park remaining a wilderness? A．About 50%. B．About 75%. C．About 85%. D．About 95%. 3．Who discovered Yosemite Valley according to the text? A．John Muir. B．Galen Clark. C．James D．Savage. D．Abraham Lincoln. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了约塞米蒂国家公园的基本概况、地质信息及历史发展。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In 1984, it was recognized as a World Heritage Site because of its granite cliffs (花岗岩峭壁), waterfalls, clear streams, thick forest, lakes, mountains, and bio-diversity. (1984年，它因其花岗岩峭壁、瀑布、清澈的溪流、茂密的森林、湖泊、山脉和生物多样性而被认定为世界遗产)”可知，约塞米蒂国家公园被列为世界遗产地是因为其丰富的自然资源。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中“About 95 percent of the park is wild and untouched, making it one of the largest natural habitats in the Sierra Nevada. (大约95%的公园是野生的，未被开发过，使其成为内华达山脉最大的自然栖息地之一)”可知，约塞米蒂国家公园约95%的区域仍然是荒野。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据History部分第一段中“Other travelers entered earlier, but James D. Savage is credited with discovering the area that became Yosemite National Park. (其他旅行者进入得更早，但James D. Savage被认为是发现约塞米蒂国家公园的人)”可知，James D. Savage是发现约塞米蒂山谷的人。故选C项。 B （24-25高二上·广东汕尾·阶段练习）Here on the side of Mount Everest, Kaji Bista has spent a decade keeping a lonely watch over a largely abandoned scientific laboratory. He expects the world’s highest research station to once again come to life. The laboratory opened in 1990 and for more than 2 decades, it served as a special spot for scientists seeking to keep an eye on changing conditions on Earth’s tallest mountain. In 2015, shifting scientific priorities (优先考虑的事) cost the lab most of its funding, and its 15-person staff were reduced to just Bista. Now, the tall, soft-spoken man spends 10 months a year working to keep the aging facility functioning. “My emotional attachment to the lab… keeps me going,” he said. Bista began working at the station in 2006. He states that it was originally established to settle a disagreement between Italian and U.S. mountaineers over whether Everest or K2 was the world’s tallest. Researchers used GPS measurements to prove Everest was taller, as the Italian climbers insisted. That work finally evolved into a plan, supported by the National Research Council of Italy (CNR) and the Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), to develop a facility that could do much more. Climate scientist Sudeep Thakuri says that he is grateful the lab has played an important role in not only his own studies of the region’s glaciers (冰川), but also in studies of regional biodiversity, the long-range transport of pollutants, etc. In response to the appeal of scientists, Suresh Kumar Dhungel a senior scientist at NAST, reports discussions with CNR officials have recently resulted in moves to resume laboratory operations. And Agostino Da Polenza, president of Ev-K2-CNR, says he is working to regenerate lab programs. And his group plans to launch a crowdfunding campaign later to raise more money. Bista does his best to repair those aging instruments. “When I face any problem, I turn to experts in Italy and then act accordingly,” he said. But sometimes it can take months for spare parts to arrive. “I am helpless in this case,” he said. Yet, Bista hasn’t lost hope. “This laboratory will soon be renovated (整修),” he said. “This is my belief.” 4．What can we infer about the research station? A．It has set off a disagreement. B．It has been lightly regarded for years. C．It involves high repair costs. D．It has been fully functioning for years. 5．What was the station originally intended for? A．Conducting a geographic survey. B．Providing accommodation for mountain climbers. C．Studying the effect of human activities on Everest. D．Establishing a harmonious relationship between Italy and America. 6．What does the underlined word “resume” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Prevent. B．Restore. C．Stop. D．Abandon. 7．What challenge is Bista facing in his work? A．Delays in transporting the repair parts. B．Conflicts between research team members. C．Pressure from administrative management. D．Lack of timely guidance from professionals. 【答案】4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了Kaji Bista独自看守珠穆朗玛峰一侧基本废弃的科考站十年，盼其恢复运作。该实验室起初是为了测量珠峰高度而建立的，后来对多项研究有重要作用，目前相关方努力恢复运作，虽然遇到一些困难，但Bista仍有信心。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Here on the side of Mount Everest, Kaji Bista has spent a decade keeping a lonely watch over a largely abandoned scientific laboratory. (在珠穆朗玛峰的一侧，Kaji Bista花了十年的时间，独自看守着一个基本上已经废弃的科学实验室)”可知，这个科学实验室十年来基本上已经废弃。由此可知，多年来，这个研究站不被重视。故选B项。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“He states that it was originally established to settle a disagreement between Italian and U.S. mountaineers over whether Everest or K2 was the world’s tallest. Researchers used GPS measurements to prove Everest was taller, as the Italian climbers insisted. (他说，它最初是为了解决意大利和美国登山家之间关于珠穆朗玛峰和乔戈里峰哪个是世界上最高的分歧而建立的。研究人员使用GPS测量来证明珠穆朗玛峰更高，正如意大利登山者坚持的那样)”可知，这个研究站最初是用来进行地理调查的。故选A项。 6．词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“And Agostino Da Polenza, president of Ev-K2-CNR, says he is working to regenerate lab programs. And his group plans to launch a crowdfunding campaign later to raise more money. (Ev-K2-CNR的总裁Agostino Da Polenza表示，他正在努力重建实验室项目。他的团队计划随后发起一场众筹活动来筹集更多资金)”可知，研究站所属组织的总裁准备重建实验室项目，计划为其重建筹集更多资金，由此可知，该研究站将被恢复运作，画线词意思应该是“恢复”，与Restore意思一致。故选B项。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But sometimes it can take months for spare parts to arrive. “I am helpless in this case,” he said. (但有时需要几个月才能收到备用零件。“在这种情况下，我无能为力，”他说)”可知，Bista在工作中面临的挑战是运输维修部件的延误。故选A项。 C （24-25高二上·重庆·期中）During the 1960s, while researching the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Chris encountered a mystery that, surprisingly, had never bothered anyone before: he was unable to locate the park’s volcano. It had been well-established for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that’s what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Chris couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere. Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, only think of the classic cone (圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting lava (岩浆) piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, with a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known sort of volcano that doesn’t involve mountain building. These volcanoes are so powerful that they explode in one large crack, leaving a huge hole called a caldera. Yellowstone clearly belonged to this second sort, but Chris couldn’t find the caldera anywhere. Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice enlargement for one of the visitors’ centers. As soon as Christ saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park —2.2 million acres — was a caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across — much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans. 8．What confused Chris when he was studying Yellowstone? A．Its steamy features. B．Its geographic diversity. C．The mystery of its history. D．The location of its volcano. 9．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The types of volcanoes. B．The process of lava eruption. C．The impact of volcano forming. D．The experience of a Mexican farmer. 10．What made it difficult for people to find the caldera? A．The caldera’s size. B．NASA’s equipment. C．Visitors’ carelessness. D．Yellowstone’s history. 11．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Yellowstone’s Hidden Treasure. B．The Magical Birth of Yellowstone’s Volcano. C．Yellowstone’s Hidden Caldera Revealed by NASA． D．The Discovery of Yellowstone’s Missing Mountain. 【答案】8．D 9．A 10．A 11．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了二十世纪六十年代Bob Christiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段“During the 1960s, while researching the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Chris encountered a mystery that, surprisingly, had never bothered anyone before: he was unable to locate the park’s volcano. (在20世纪60年代，Bob Christiansen在研究黄石国家公园的火山历史时，遇到了一个以前从未困扰过任何人的谜团：他无法找到公园里的火山。)”可知，Christiansen在研究黄石公园时，火山的位置让他困惑。故选D项。 9．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, only think of the classic cone shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting lava piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, with a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known sort of volcano that doesn’t involve mountain building. These volcanoes are so powerful that they explode in one large crack, leaving a huge hole called a caldera. Yellowstone clearly belonged to this second sort, but Chris couldn’t find the caldera anywhere. (当我们谈到火山时，大多数人只会想到富士山或乞力马扎罗山的经典锥形，这是熔岩喷发时堆积起来的。它们的形成速度非常快。1943年，一位墨西哥农民惊讶地发现，他的一小块土地上冒出了烟。不到一个星期，他就成了一个500英尺高的圆锥体。不到两年，它的顶峰已经达到了近1400英尺，直径超过了半英里。地球上总共有大约一万个这样的火山，其中有几百个已经不再喷发了。然而，还有另一种不太为人所知的火山，它与造山活动无关。这些火山非常强大，它们在一个大裂缝中爆炸，留下一个巨大的洞，叫做火山口。黄石公园显然属于第二种类型，但Christiansen在任何地方都找不到火山口)”可知，本段主要讲述了火山的两种类型。故选A项。 10． 细节理解题。根据第三段“As soon as Christ saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park — 2.2 million acres — was a caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across — much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. (Christ一看到照片，就意识到他为什么没能发现火山口：几乎整个公园——220万英亩——都是一个火山口。爆炸留下了一个40多英里宽的洞——太大了，从地面上的任何地方都看不见)”可知，火山口的巨大尺寸使其难以被发现。故选A项。 11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice enlargement for one of the visitors’ centers. As soon as Christ saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park—2.2 million acres— was a caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across— much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans. (就在这个时候，美国宇航局决定通过拍摄黄石公园的照片来测试一些新的高空相机。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些复印件交给了公园管理部门，他认为这些复印件可以用于扩建某个游客中心。Christ一看到照片，就意识到他为什么没能发现火山口：几乎整个公园——220万英亩——都是一个火山口。爆炸留下了一个40多英里宽的洞——太大了，从地面上的任何地方都看不见。在过去的某个时候，黄石公园一定以一种远远超过人类所知的规模的暴力爆炸了)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了NASA的高空相机揭示了黄石公园隐藏的火山口，所以C项“Yellowstone’s Hidden Caldera Revealed by NASA (美国国家航空航天局揭示了黄石公园隐藏的火山口)”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。 D （24-25高二上·广东茂名·期中）Yellowstone National Park is a territory of extraordinary natural beauty that can bless the spirit like no other. There are numerous remarkable places in Yellowstone that seem designed for travelers to simply sit back and admire. Unfold your picnic chair at Pet Creek and let the sound of its rushing waters bless your mind and soul. The park’s north, where dense trees stretch out into rolling meadows in Lamar Valley, is a sight to behold. The lush fields are watched by babbling brooks and framed by a backdrop of snow-capped peaks. It’s a splendid display of nature’s grandeur (壮丽). Bringing binoculars allows you to catch a closer glimpse of the rare wild bison and other native animals. When evening sets in, you can set up your tent at one of the many campsites or head out of the park’s north entrance to Garner. This gateway town is the perfect haven for weary travelers. Warm yourself with a hearty meal at one of the many superb eateries (饭馆) before continuing your epic adventure in Yellowstone. In Yellowstone, every step in any direction is like a journey to another world. It is a place where one can wander freely and experience the diverse beauty of nature. The enormous landscapes, the visible wonders, and the rewarding experiences all appeal to those with an appetite for adventure. Whether it’s the rushing fountain — like waters, the charming cottages scattered around, or the majestic mountains, Yellowstone offers a unique and unforgettable experience. Prohibiting activities that harm the environment ensures that this natural paradise remains intact for generations to come. 12．The word “bless” in the first sentence most likely means ________. A．curse B．benefit C．confuse D．ignore 13．Where can visitors find a place to warm themselves up with a meal after a day of exploring？ A．In Garner B．At Pet Creek C．In Lamar Valley D．On the mountain peaks 14．What can be inferred from the passage about Yellowstone National Park? A．Yellowstone National Park is only accessible by foot. B．Visitors are not allowed to bring binoculars into Yellowstone. C．We should protect the environment to be intact for generations. D．Yellowstone’s landscapes are not as diverse as other national parks. 15．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Yellowstone National Park offers diverse natural beauty. B．Yellowstone National Park is a popular tourist destination. C．Visitors can camp and eat well in Yellowstone National Park. D．Yellowstone National Park protects rare wild animals. 【答案】12．B 13．A 14．C 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了黄石公园的自然美景。 12．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“There are numerous remarkable places in Yellowstone that seem designed for travelers to simply sit back and admire. Unfold your picnic chair at Pet Creek and let the sound of its rushing waters bless your mind and soul. The park’s north, where dense trees stretch out into rolling meadows in Lamar Valley, is a sight to behold. The lush fields are watched by babbling brooks and framed by a backdrop of snow-capped peaks.(黄石公园有许多值得注意的地方，似乎是为游客设计的，只是坐下来欣赏。在佩特溪展开野餐椅，让湍急的水流祝福你的思想和灵魂。在公园的北部，茂密的树木延伸到拉马尔山谷连绵起伏的草地上，这是一个值得一看的景象。郁郁葱葱的田野被潺潺的小溪和白雪覆盖的山峰衬托着)”可知，黄石公园有很多美景可以让人在精神上得到放松，故此处指“它能像其他地方一样对精神有好处”，bless意为“有益于”，故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When evening sets in, you can set up your tent at one of the many campsites or head out of the park’s north entrance to Garner. This gateway town is the perfect haven for weary travelers. Warm yourself with a hearty meal at one of the many superb eateries (饭馆) before continuing your epic adventure in Yellowstone.(夜幕降临时，你可以在众多露营地之一搭起帐篷，或者从公园的北入口前往Garner。这个门户小镇是疲惫旅客的完美天堂。在继续你在黄石的史诗冒险之前，在众多一流的餐馆里吃一顿丰盛的饭暖一暖自己)”可知，在一天的探险之后，游客们在Garner找到一个吃顿饭暖身的地方，故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Prohibiting activities that harm the environment ensures that this natural paradise remains intact for generations to come.(禁止破坏环境的活动，确保了这个自然天堂为子孙后代保持完整)”可知，我们应该保护环境，让它世世代代完好无损，故选C。 15．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Yellowstone National Park is a territory of extraordinary natural beauty that can bless the spirit like no other.(黄石国家公园是一个拥有非凡自然美景的地区，它能像其他地方一样使精神获益)”和最后一段中“Whether it’s the rushing fountain — like waters, the charming cottages scattered around, or the majestic mountains, Yellowstone offers a unique and unforgettable experience.(无论是像喷泉一样奔流的水，散布在周围的迷人小屋，还是雄伟的山脉，黄石公园都提供了独特而难忘的体验)”可知，文章主要介绍了黄石公园的自然美景，故选A。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （24-25高二上·安徽·阶段练习）Valleys are one of the most common landforms on the Earth. They are formed through erosion (侵蚀) or the gradual wearing down of the land by wind and water. Their form depends on what is eroding it, the slope (坡度) of the land, the type of rock or soil and the amount of time the land has been eroded. There are three common types of valleys: V-shaped valleys, U-shaped valleys and flat floored valleys. 16    A V-shaped valley, sometimes called a river valley, is a narrow valley with steeply (陡峭地) sloped sides that appear similar to the letter “V”. They are formed by strong streams, which over time have cut down into the rock. These valleys form with streams in their “youthful” stage. 17 An example of a V-shaped valley is the Grand Canyon in the Southwestern United States. A U-shaped valley is a valley with a profile (轮廓) similar to the letter “U”. 18 They are formed by glacial (冰川的) erosion during the last glaciation. This is because ice sheets flowed down the pre-existing river or V-shaped valleys and caused the bottom of the “V” to level out into a “U” shape, resulting in a wider, deeper valley. The third type of the valley is called a flat-floored valley. These valleys, like V-shaped valleys, are formed by streams. 19 Over time, the stream continues to erode the valley’s soil, widening it further. With flood, the material that is eroded and carried in the stream is deposited which builds up the floodplain and the valley. During this process, the shape of the valley changes from a V or U shaped valley into one with a broad flat valley floor. 20 They are close to rivers which enable easier movement and also provide resources like water, good soils and food such as fish. The valleys themselves were also helpful as valley walls often blocked winds and other severe weather if the settlement patterns were positioned correctly. Valleys also provided a safe place for settlement and made invasions difficult. A．A valley is normally occupied by a river or stream. B．During this period, streams flow rapidly down steep slopes. C．The river begins to erode the bank of its channel instead of valley walls. D．The shape of valleys varies but they are typically steep-sided canyons or broad plains. E．This type of valley is characterized by steep sides that curve in at the base of the valley wall. F．The difference is that they are no longer in their youthful stage, and are instead in a mature stage. G．Valleys have played an important role in people’s life since the beginning of human development. 【答案】16．D 17．B 18．E 19．F 20．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了山谷的形成机制，包括V形、U形和平坦底谷三种类型的特点及成因，并阐述了山谷对人类生活的重要性。 16．由上文“Their form depends on what is eroding it, the slope (坡度) of the land, the type of rock or soil and the amount of time the land has been eroded. There are three common types of valleys: V-shaped valleys, U-shaped valleys and flat floored valleys. (它们的形态取决于侵蚀它的物质、土地的坡度、岩石或土壤的类型以及土地被侵蚀的时间。有三种常见的山谷类型：V型山谷，U型山谷和平底山谷。)”及下文“A V-shaped valley, sometimes called a river valley, is a narrow valley with steeply (陡峭地) sloped sides that appear similar to the letter “V”. (V形山谷，有时也被称为河谷，是一个狭窄的山谷，侧面陡峭，看起来像字母“V”。)”山谷类型的介绍可知，这里需要一个句子来概括山谷形态的多样性，为下面的具体类型做铺垫。D选项“The shape of valleys varies but they are typically steep-sided canyons or broad plains. (山谷的形状各不相同，但它们通常是陡峭的峡谷或宽阔的平原。)”可知，是对山谷形态的概述，能承上启下，符合题意。故选D。 17．由上文“A V-shaped valley, sometimes called a river valley, is a narrow valley with steeply (陡峭地) sloped sides that appear similar to the letter “V”. They are formed by strong streams, which over time have cut down into the rock. These valleys form with streams in their “youthful” stage. (V形山谷，有时也被称为河谷，是一个狭窄的山谷，侧面陡峭，看起来像字母“V”。它们是由强流形成，随着时间推移，这些水流切割入岩石。这些山谷是在河流的‘年轻’阶段形成的。)”可知，上文描述了V型山谷的形成过程，并指出这是在溪流“年轻”阶段形成的。本空应进一步描述这一阶段的特点。B选项“During this period, streams flow rapidly down steep slopes. (在这个时期，水流迅速沿着陡峭的斜坡流动。)”说明了在这一阶段内，水流快速地流过陡峭的斜坡，这有助于形成V形谷，能承接上文，符合语境。故选B。 18．由上文“A U-shaped valley is a valley with a profile (轮廓) similar to the letter “U”. (U形山谷是一种轮廓类似于字母“U”的山谷。)”及下文“They are formed by glacial (冰川的) erosion during the last glaciation. (它们是由最后一次冰河期的冰川侵蚀形成的。)”可知，上文描述了U型山谷的形状，这里需要进一步描述U形谷的特点。E选项“This type of valley is characterized by steep sides that curve in at the base of the valley wall. (这种类型的山谷以陡峭的侧壁为特征，侧壁在谷底弯曲。)”准确描述了U形谷的特征，即陡峭的侧壁在谷底弯曲，能承接上文，符合语境。故选E。 19．由上文“The third type of the valley is called a flat-floored valley. These valleys, like V-shaped valleys, are formed by streams. (第三种类型的山谷称为平底山谷。这些山谷，像V形山谷一样，是由溪流形成的。)”及下文“Over time, the stream continues to erode the valley’s soil, widening it further. With flood, the material that is eroded and carried in the stream is deposited which builds up the floodplain and the valley. During this process, the shape of the valley changes from a V or U shaped valley into one with a broad flat valley floor. (随着时间的推移，溪流继续侵蚀山谷的土壤，使其变得更宽。洪水时，被侵蚀并携带在溪流中的物质沉积下来，形成了泛滥平原和山谷。在这个过程中，山谷的形状从V形或U形变成了具有宽广平坦谷底的山谷。)”可知，上文描述了平底山谷的形成原因，与V型山谷相似，都是由溪流形成的。本空应描述平底山谷与V型山谷在形成阶段上的差异。F选项“The difference is that they are no longer in their youthful stage, and are instead in a mature stage. (区别在于这些山谷已经不再处于‘年轻’阶段，而是进入了‘成熟’阶段。)”指出了这些山谷已经进入了“成熟”阶段，能承上启下，符合题意。故选F。 20．由下文“They are close to rivers which enable easier movement and also provide resources like water, good soils and food such as fish. The valleys themselves were also helpful as valley walls often blocked winds and other severe weather if the settlement patterns were positioned correctly. Valleys also provided a safe place for settlement and made invasions difficult. (他们靠近河流，便于迁徙，还提供了水、良好的土壤和鱼类等资源。如果定居模式定位正确，山谷本身也有帮助，因为山谷壁经常阻挡风和其他恶劣天气。山谷也为定居提供了一个安全的地方，使入侵变得困难。)”可知，，上文描述了山谷对人类生活的影响，本空应强调山谷和人类的关系。G选项“Valleys have played an important role in people’s life since the beginning of human development. (自人类发展之初，山谷就在人们的生活中扮演了重要角色。)”概括了山谷自人类发展初期就扮演的重要角色，能引起下文，符合题意。故选G。 第二部分语言运用(共三节，满分35分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 History’s first empire rose out of a hot, dry landscape, without rainfall for crops, without trees or stones for building. In spite of all this, its people built the world’s first cities, with monumental architecture and large populations — and they built them 21 out of mud. Sumer 22 the southern part of modern Iraq in the region called Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia means “between two rivers” — the Tigris and the Euphrates. Around 5000 BCE, early Sumerians used channels and dams to 23 river water and farm large areas of previously 24 land. Agricultural communities like this were slowly 25 in Mesopotamia. But Sumerians were the first to take the 26 step. Using 27 made from river mud, they began to build multi-storied homes and temples. Those clay bricks gave rise to the world’s first 28 , like Uruk, Ur, and Eridu, probably around 4500 BCE. The Sumerians created the first 29 system, designed to teach the ability of writing. In the schools, people studied from dawn to dusk, from 30 well into adulthood. They 31 accounting, mathematics, and copied works of literature. But by the third millennium (千年) BCE, Sumer was no longer the 32 empire around, or even in Mesopotamia. Waves of nomadic (游牧) tribes poured into the 33 from the north and east. In 2300 BCE, the Sumerian Empire was conquered and 34 . Afterward, Sumer disappeared back into the desert dirt, not to be 35 until the 19th century. 21．A．permanently B．quickly C．patiently D．entirely 22．A．occupied B．destroyed C．lost D．attacked 23．A．separate B．interrupt C．redirect D．freeze 24．A．dry B．royal C．awesome D．rich 25．A．wearing down B．springing up C．rising up D．breaking down 26．A．next B．last C．slow D．same 27．A．equipment B．basins C．walls D．bricks 28．A．emperors B．universities C．cities D．palaces 29．A．law B．school C．construction D．labour 30．A．society B．childhood C．community D．parenthood 31．A．invented B．dismissed C．learned D．preserved 32．A．only B．safe C．weak D．reliable 33．A．region B．center C．river D．farm 34．A．strengthened B．saved C．surrounded D．overturned 35．A．rebuilt B．relocated C．rediscovered D．reunited 【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C 24．A 25．B 26．A 27．D 28．C 29．B 30．B 31．C 32．A 33．A 34．D 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了历史上第一个帝国——苏美尔文明的兴起和衰落。文章讲述了苏美尔人如何在干旱的环境中，通过智慧和技术建立了世界上第一批城市，并创造了书写系统。然而，随着游牧部落的入侵，苏美尔帝国最终崩溃并被遗忘，直到19世纪才被重新发现。 21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，它的人民还是建造了世界上第一批城市，拥有宏伟的建筑和庞大的人口——而且他们完全是用泥土建造的。A. permanently永久地；B. quickly快速地；C. patiently耐心地；D. entirely完全地。根据上文“without trees or stones for building”可知，没有树木和石头来建造房屋，所以他们的建筑完全是用泥土建造的。故选D项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：苏美尔占据了现在伊拉克南部的美索不达米亚地区。A. occupied占据；B. destroyed摧毁；C. lost丢失；D. attacked攻击。根据下文“the southern part of modern Iraq in the region called Mesopotamia”可知，苏美尔文明占据了美索不达米亚地区，这是它的发源地。故选A项。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约在公元前5000年，早期的苏美尔人使用渠道和水坝来改变河水的方向，并在以前干旱的土地上种植大片土地。A. separate分开；B. interrupt打断；C. redirect重新定向，使改方向；D. freeze冻结。根据上文“used channels and dams”和下文“farm large areas of previously ___4___ land”可推知，苏美尔人用渠道和水坝来改变河水的方向，达到灌溉和种植的目的。故选C项。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大约在公元前5000年，早期的苏美尔人使用渠道和水坝来改变河水的方向，并在以前干旱的土地上种植大片土地。A. dry干旱的；B. royal王室的；C. awesome令人敬畏的；D. rich富有的，丰富的。根据第一段中“History’s first empire rose out of a hot, dry landscape, without rainfall for crops”可知，这原本是一片缺水干旱的土地，苏美尔人通过改变河水的方向对其进行了改造。故选A项。 25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：像这样的农业社区在美索不达米亚慢慢出现。A. wearing down磨损；B. springing up突然生长或出现；C. rising up上升；D. breaking down崩溃，出故障。根据上文可知，苏美尔人用渠道和水坝来改变河水的方向，进而改造美索不达米亚平原，让其适合种植，所以很多的农业社区在美索不达米亚慢慢出现。故选B项。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但苏美尔人率先迈出了下一步。A. next下一个；B. last最后的；C. slow慢的；D. same相同的。根据下文“Using ___7___ made from river mud, they began to build multi-storied homes and temples.”可知，苏美尔人开始修建多层住宅和寺庙，他们迈出了建造城市的下一步。故选A项。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们开始用河泥做砖，建造多层房屋和寺庙。A. equipment设备；B. basins盆地；C. walls墙壁；D. bricks砖块。根据下文“from river mud”和“Those clay bricks”可知，他们把河泥做成砖块。故选D项。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些粘土砖造就了世界上最早的城市，如乌鲁克、乌尔和埃利都，大约在公元前4500年左右。A. emperors皇帝；B. universities大学；C. cities城市；D. palaces宫殿。根据下文“Uruk, Ur, and Eridu”可知，苏美尔人用粘土砖建造了很多城市。故选C项。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：苏美尔人创造了第一个学校系统，旨在教授书写能力。A. law法律；B. school学校；C. construction建设；D. labour劳动。根据下文“designed to teach the ability of writing”可知，他们创造了学校系统，用于教授书写。故选B项。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在学校里，人们从早到晚学习，从童年一直学习到成年。A. society社会；B. childhood童年；C. community社区；D. parenthood为人父母。结合下文“into adulthood”和常识可推知，教育是从童年到成年。故选B项。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们学习会计、数学，并抄写文学作品。A. invented发明；B. dismissed解雇；C. learned学习；D. preserved保存。下文“accounting, mathematics, and copied works of literature”是学习的内容。故选C项。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但到了公元前三千年，苏美尔不再是周边地区，甚至是美索不达米亚地区唯一的帝国。A. only仅有的；B. safe安全的；C. weak虚弱的；D. reliable可靠的。根据“Waves of nomadic (游牧) tribes poured into the ____13____ from the north and east. In 2300 BCE, the Sumerian Empire was conquered”可知，苏美尔周边出现了挑战者，它不再是唯一帝国。故选A项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一波又一波的游牧部落从北部和东部涌入该地区。A. region地区；B. center中心；C. river河流；D. farm农场。根据下文“from the north and east”可知，游牧部落从不同方向涌入美索不达米亚地区。故选A项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：公元前2300年，苏美尔帝国被征服并推翻。A. strengthened加强；B. saved拯救；C. surrounded包围；D. overturned推翻。根据上文“the Sumerian Empire was conquered”和下文“Sumer disappeared back into the desert dirt”可知，苏美尔帝国被征服和推翻了。故选D项。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：之后，苏美尔消失在沙漠的泥土中，直到19世纪才被重新发现。A. rebuilt重建；B. relocated重新安置；C. rediscovered重新发现；D. reunited重新团聚。根据下文“until the 19th century”可知，苏美尔文明只到19世纪才被重新发现。故选C项。 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （24-25高二上·江西宜春·期末） At present, the take-out industry has become a popular consumption pattern. Apart from 36 (buy) food from take-out stores, consumers can order food at different times and in multiple places 37 the help of the network. While we tend to think of take-out food as something originating in the modern era (时代) as a result of our “too busy to prepare my own meal” lifestyle, the 38 (true) is quite the opposite. The concept of take-out food can be traced back to both ancient Greece and ancient Rome. In the ancient Greco-Roman world, eating at home was highly 39 (usual) for poor people. Because these people could not afford a private kitchen in their house to cook meals for 40 (they), they had to buy 41 (prepare) food from market and roadside stalls. Thus, what was called “thermopolium” came into being. The word thermopolium literally meant “a place 42 something hot is sold” at that time. It was either an ancient form of a take-out restaurant 43 an outdoor service counter that offered ready-to-eat food. Over the years, archaeologists have constantly discovered a number of thermopolia in Pomeii and Herculaneum, two towns that 44 (destroy) by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. In one thermopolium, the remains of cloth bags containing around one thousand coins were discovered, 45 (certain) showing the popularity of the establishment. 【答案】36．buying 37．with 38．truth 39．unusual 40．themselves 41．prepared 42．where 43．or 44．were destroyed 45．Certainly 【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了外卖行业的历史渊源，指出其并非现代的产物，而是可以追溯到古希腊和古罗马时期。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了从外卖店购买食物外，消费者还可以借助网络在不同时间和多个地方订购食物。apart from是介词短语，后面应该接提示词的动名词形式，故填buying。 37．考查介词短语。句意：消费者可以借助网络在不同时间和多个地方订购食物。这里考查介词短语with the help of…，意思是“借助……的帮助”，符合题意，故填with。 38．考查名词。句意：尽管我们倾向于认为外卖食品是现代的产物，是由于我们“太忙而无法自己做饭”的生活方式而产生的，但事实恰恰相反。横线前有冠词the，后有系动词is，说明此处需要一个名词作句子的主语，true的名词是truth，意思是“真相”，故填truth。 39．考查形容词。句意：在古希腊罗马时期，穷人在家吃饭是非常不寻常的。根据下文，穷人家里没有厨房，说明他们在家吃饭是不寻常的事情，应该填入usual的反义词unusual作表语，故填unusual。 40．考查反身代词。句意：因为这些人无法在自己的房子里有一个私人厨房来为他们自己做饭，他们不得不从市场和路边摊购买准备好的食物。宾语和主语所指相同，宾语用反身代词，故填themselves。 41．考查形容词。句意：因为这些人无法在自己的房子里有一个私人厨房来为他们自己做饭，他们不得不从市场和路边摊购买准备好的食物。空处作定语，形容词prepared“准备好的”符合题意，故填prepared。 42．考查定语从句。句意：“thermopolium”这个词在当时的意思是“出售热食的地方”。空处引导定语从句，先行词“a place”在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 43．考查连词短语。句意：它要么是一种古老的外卖餐厅，要么是一个提供即食食品的户外服务柜台。这里考查连词短语either...or，意思是“要么……要么……”，故填or。 44．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：多年来，考古学家不断在庞贝和赫库兰尼姆发现了许多热食摊，这两个城镇被维苏威火山的喷发摧毁。destroy在从句中充当谓语，根据主句，应该使用一般过去时，且主语“two towns”与“destroy”之间是被动关系，故填were destroyed。 45．考查副词。句意：在一个热食摊中，发现了装有一千多枚硬币的布袋，这无疑显示了该场所的受欢迎程度。certain是形容词，需要将其变成副词修饰动词“showing”，充当状语，故填certainly。 第三节词汇填空(共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分) 请认真阅读下列各题，根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。 46．It is universally a that Internet plays a crucial role in modern society. 【答案】acknowledged/cknowledged 【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：普遍认为互联网在现代社会中发挥着至关重要的作用。结合句意以及首字母a可知，动词acknowledge“承认”符合句意；It作形式主语，that引导主语从句作真正主语，与acknowledge之间为被动关系，前有is，设空处填过去分词形式，构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填acknowledged。 47．Jim (坚持认为) that the book Mr. Black referred to was worth reading. 【答案】insisted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：吉姆坚持认为布莱克先生提到的那本书值得一读。根据汉语提示“坚持认为”可知，此处为动词insist，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填insisted。 48．The couple (收养) a child, who quickly adapted to the new life and has brought much joy to them. 【答案】adopted 【详解】考查动词。句意：这对夫妇收养了一个孩子，孩子很快适应了新的生活，给他们带来了很多快乐。根据汉语提示可知，空格处应该用动词adopt作谓语；由句中的adapted可知，描述过去发生的事应该用一般过去时。故填adopted。 49．He is a (队长) who leads by example, and therefore well-respected. 【答案】captain 【详解】考查名词。句意：他是一位以身作则的队长，因此备受尊敬。“队长”是captain，空前有a，空格处用单数，作表语。故填captain。 50．On hearing the explosion, the crowd fled (逃) in all directions in p . 【答案】panic/anic 【详解】考查名词。句意：一听到爆炸声，人群惊慌失措地四散奔逃。本空用名词panic“惊恐，惊慌”，作in的宾语，in panic固定搭配，意为“惊慌地”。故填panic。　 51．The company is trying to find the source of the oil (泄露). 【答案】leak 【详解】考查名词。句意：公司正在尝试找出石油泄露的原因。“泄露” 应为 leak，名词作宾语，oil leak即 “石油泄露”，故填leak。 52．Kids engaged with drama show greater l (文学的) ability. 【答案】literary/iterary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：参与戏剧的孩子表现出更强的文学能力。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词literary，修饰名词ability，作定语。故填literary。 53．The report is (可用的) online for users worldwide to download the information easily. 【答案】available 【详解】考查形容词。句意：全球用户可在网上方便地下载该报告的信息。根据汉语提示和空格前的is可知，空格处应该用形容词available作表语。故填available。 54．Modern inventions and hi-tech gadgets f (使便利) housework in many ways. 【答案】facilitate/acilitate 【详解】考查动词。句意：现代发明和高科技小工具在许多方面使家务变得方便。根据首字母和汉语提示“使便利”可知，本空用动词facilitate，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Modern inventions and hi-tech gadgets为复数，谓语用动词原形。故填facilitate。 55．They want unlimited resources to be a to everyone, at any time, no matter the cost. 【答案】available/vailable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们希望每个人都能在任何时候，不计成本地获得无限的资源。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用形容词available，作表语。故填available。 第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节应用文写作(满分15分) 假定你校英文报即将开辟“History”栏目。请你根据所给要点写一篇短文为该栏目投稿，简要介绍英国工业革命（the Industrial Revolution）。 开端 纺织业的技术革新 时间 第一次工业革命：18世纪中期至19世纪中期；第二次工业革命：19世纪中期至20世纪初 影响 人口从农村转移至城市，交通工具的改变 注意：1. 词数150左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇 ：革新 innovation；纺织业 the textile industry； 蒸汽动力 steam power；轧棉机 cotton gin _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the mid-1700s. Many of the first innovations that enabled the Industrial Revolution began in the textile industry. Making cloth was moved from homes to large factories, which was supported by the rich resources of coal and iron. The first wave of the Industrial Revolution lasted from the mid-1700s to the mid-1800s, when steam power and the cotton gin played an important role. The next wave took place from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s, when large factories and companies began to take advantage of more technologies to mass-produce goods, including electricity and the production line. The Industrial Revolution brought about many changes to people’s daily life. They moved from the country and farms to the cities to work in factories. Meanwhile, new ways of transportation were introduced and replaced the former ones, which included railroads, steam boats, and automobiles. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。校英文报即将开辟“History”栏目。要求考生根据所给要点写一篇短文为该栏目投稿，简要介绍英国工业革命。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重要的：important→essential/vital 取代：replace →take the place of 同时：meanwhile→at the same time 新的：new→ innovative 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The Industrial Revolution brought about many changes to people’s daily life. 拓展句：The Industrial Revolution brought about many changes to people’s daily life, which also had a great influence on the whole world. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Many of the first innovations that enabled the Industrial Revolution began in the textile industry. （运用了that引导的限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】The next wave took place from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s, when large factories and companies began to take advantage of more technologies to mass-produce goods, including electricity and the production line.（运用了when引导的定语从句） 第二节读后续写(满分20分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I love digging in the back garden. Sometimes, I’d dig for pottery and stuff, but I’ve always wanted to find a fossil (化石). I like finding out about the past. At school, my favourite subject is history. I’ve been watching Andy’s Prehistoric Adventures since I was three. I knew I had a good chance of finding a fossil, because my house was built on a muddy, limestone substrate (石灰岩基质), in Walsall, which means millions of years ago, my garden wasn’t my garden at all—it was a coral reef (珊瑚礁). On 22 March, it was a sunny day. I came back from school. I asked Dad if I could dig in my favourite spot by the yellow bush near our house, where we had planted potatoes and onions, but he told me not to, because he’d just moved a tree there and it was establishing roots. I went to the back garden instead, taking Dad’s old brown wooden garden tools. I dug a big hole, about a foot deep, which didn’t take very long, where I found a ball of mud with something pointy sticking out the top. I ran into the kitchen screaming. I was so excited. I knew it was a fossil. At first, I thought it might be a deer’s tooth or a goat’s claw. When Dad washed the mud off, we saw that it had lots of bumpy, wavy lines; we both thought it looked like one of the sea anemones, from the fish tank in his office, but with a horn(触角). Dad sent a video to the Fossil Finds UK Facebook group. A man calling himself an archaeologist (考古学家) replied saying it had the markings of a horn coral from the Palaeozoic era, which is the very beginnings of life on Earth. I had found one of the oldest fossils in England. We looked in my books and online for more information. We typed our postcode into a British Geology Survey search where you can find out what you’re standing on—ours is the oldest substrate in the area, with lots of clay and limestone, but it’s unusual to find anything so close to the surface. Experts told us that my horn coral lived between 415 million and 480 million years ago. There weren’t even proper fish or sharks then. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Before the horn coral, the only fossils I was familiar with were shark teeth that Dad got me. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When I grow up, I want to be an archaeologist (考古学家). ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Before the horn coral, the only fossils I was familiar with were shark teeth that Dad got me. Since our find, Dad and I have been doing more digging in the garden. We have moved out of the flowerbeds and on to the lawn. We’ve found stone blocks with hundreds of tiny traces from coral. We’ve got 11 pieces in total, but the horn coral is our biggest. The more fossils I got, the more obsessed I became with them. When I grow up, I want to be an archaeologist. In this case, I will be able to study rocks and find out where they came from. I will make a display case for my finds and, one day, I hope to turn my fossils into a mini museum and make it free for people to visit. In addition, I want to spread stories of each fossil across the world. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者从小就喜欢历史，喜欢在后花园挖土，希望能够挖出化石。终于有一天，作者挖出了化石，专家认为它有着来自古生代的角珊瑚的痕迹，是英国最古老的化石之一。自此，作者更是和父亲一起坚持不懈地挖掘，并有了更多的发现，作者也因此立志成为一名考古学家，对未来有了清晰的目标。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“在发现角珊瑚之前，我唯一熟悉的化石是爸爸给我的鲨鱼牙齿。”可知，第一段可描写作者在发现角珊瑚之后更加有了动力，继续挖掘，有了更多的发现。 ②由第二段首句内容“当我长大了，想成为一名考古学家。”可知，第二段可描写作者对未来的憧憬和设想。 2.续写线索：发现角珊瑚之前——发现角珊瑚之后，继续挖掘——发现了更多的化石——对化石越来越迷恋——立志成为考古学家——憧憬并设想未来。 3.词汇激活： 行为类 ①发现：find/spot ②获得：get/gain ③希望：hope/expect 情绪类 ①痴迷的、着迷的：obsessed/addicted 【点睛】【高分句型1】The more fossils I got, the more obsessed I became with them.（运用了“the+比较级..., the+ 比较级... 越……越……”的句式） 【高分句型2】In this case, I will be able to study rocks and find out where they came from. （运用了以连接副词where引导的宾语从句） ( 16 / 22 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$