Unit 2 Out of this world 【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记•巧练（译林版2020选择必修第三册）

Unit 2 Out of this world 【速记清单】 单元重点单词短语句型语法 考点词汇 1.absence n.缺乏,不存在;缺席→absent adj. 缺席的,不在的 (教材原句) Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around. 在太空中由于几乎没有重力,我们必须绑着自己,这样我们才不会四处飘浮。 (1)absence from 　　　 缺席…… in/during one’s absence 当某人不在时 (2)be absent from 缺席,不在 2.bother vt.使烦恼,使担心;花费时间精力(做某事);打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n.麻烦,困难 (教材原句) It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.尝试背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的,但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。 bother to do sth./ about doing sth. 费力做某事（常用于否定或疑问句） It bothers sb. that... 　 令某人烦恼的是…… Don’t bother 不必麻烦 Sorry to bother you 对不起,打扰了 若bother后跟一个已经发生的动作,只能用动名词作宾语。 【易混辨析】bother, disturb与interrupt bother 指为小事所“烦扰”,带有稍微抱怨的意味 disturb 侧重扰乱某种状态或秩序 interrupt 侧重打断某活动的进程,使其不能进行下去 3.occupy vt.占用,使用;居住;占领,侵占;使忙于→occupation n.占用,使用;居住;占领,侵占;职业 (教材原句) The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding. 占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高,但它们也非常有意义。 occupy oneself with/(in) doing sth. 忙于(做)某事 be occupied with/(in) doing sth. 忙于(做)某事 4.cast new light on 使进一步了解…… (教材原句)Hopefully, it will cast new light on the Earth’s climate and lead to better lightning protection.希望它(这个实验)能使人们进一步了解地球气候,并更好地做好雷电防护。 cast a/an...look/glance at 向……投去……的目光 cast an eye over 瞥一眼,粗略看一下 cast doubt on 对某事产生疑虑 cast a shadow on 在……上投下阴影 5. circumstance n. 条件,状况;境况,(尤指)经济状况 (教材原句)In the circumstances, it’s time for a spacewalk. 在这种情况下,是时候来场太空行走了。 in the circumstances　　　 在这种情况下,既然如此 in/under...circumstances 在……条件/情况下 in/under no circumstances 决不,无论如何都不, 置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装形式。 【易混辨析】 circumstance 多指周围的情况或某事发生时的情况 situation 指明确具体的环境情况或处境 condition 一般强调产生影响的原因或环境,复数形式指笼统的情况 state 普通用词,指人或物在环境、外表、心灵以及健康方面的状况,或指在某一阶段的状态或形式 6. exposure n. 面临,遭受;揭露;报道→expose vt. 使暴露,使显露;揭露;曝光→exposed adj.暴露的,无遮蔽的 (教材原句)First, we put on our spacesuits, which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation. 首先,我们穿上太空服,太空服能使我们在太空中呼吸,保护我们免受寒冷和辐射。 exposure to　　　　 接触……;暴露于…… expose... to... 使……接触到……;使……暴露于…… (expose oneself to 使自己暴露于……) be exposed to 暴露于;接触 7.in view of鉴于,考虑到 (教材原句)In view of the low-gravity environment, eating is also different in space. 鉴于低重力环境,太空中的饮食也有所不同。 in one’s view/ from one’s point of view 在某人看来 in view 　　　　　　　 在视野范围内 come into view 进入视野 view...as... 把……看作/当作 8.crucial adj.至关重要的,关键性的 (教材原句)Hubble observations have played a crucial role in the discovery of the mysterious dark energy.哈勃(太空望远镜)的观测在发现神秘的暗能量方面发挥了至关重要的作用。 be crucial to/for sb./sth. 对某人/某物来说至关重要 be crucial to doing sth. 做某事是至关重要的 It’s crucial to do sth. 做某事是至关重要的 It’s crucial that sb. (should) do sth.某人做某事是至关重要的; crucial后跟句子时,从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟,其中should可以省略。 9. calculate vt.计算,核算;预测,推测→calculation n.计算，运算；估算，预测；算计，盘算→calculator n. 计算器 (教材原句)It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. 据统计,全球航天经济每年增长数十亿美元。 calculate that/wh-clause　计算……;预测…… calculate on/upon 指望;期待 be calculated to do sth. 计划做/打算做/旨在做某事 It is calculated that... 据估算…… 10.assistant n.助理;售货员;助教 adj.助理的;副的→assist v.帮助;协助→assistance n.援助;帮助 (教材原句) There are many support staff on the ground, such as engineers, mechanics and research assistants. 地面上有很多支持人员,比如工程师、机械修理工和研究助理。 an assistant to...　　……的助手 assist (sb.) with sth./ in (doing) sth.　帮助(某人)(做)某事;在(做)某事上协助(某人) assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 come to one’s assistance 来帮助某人 11.shelter n.居所,住处,庇护vt.保护,掩蔽vi.躲避 (教材原句)We should find permanent shelter that offers long-term protection from radiation. 我们应该找到能长期保护我们免受辐射的永久的居所。 take/seek shelter from... 躲避…… under the shelter of... 　　在……的庇护下 give sb. shelter 庇护某人 shelter...from... 保护/庇护……免受…… 考点句型 1. so that引导目的状语 (教材原句)Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around. 在太空中由于几乎没有重力,我们必须绑着自己,这样我们才不会四处飘浮。 (1)so that除了引导目的状语从句外,还可引导结果状语从句,意为“结果是,所以”。 (2)so that引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别: ①从意义上讲,so that引导目的状语从句,意为“为了,以便”;引导结果状语从句,意为“结果是,所以”。 ②从形式上看,so that引导的目的状语从句中常有情态动词may,can, might或could;so that引导的结果状语从句一般要用逗号和主句隔开,从句里没有表目的的情态动词may,can,might或could,此时that可以省略。 2. 形容词/副词/动词原形+as+主语+谓语 (教材原句) Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. 虽然地球的景色十分壮观,但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 (1)as引导让步状语从句时,可用though替代,但不能用although。 (2)在上述结构中,若位于句首的是单数可数名词,则通常省略不定冠词a(n)。 3. be+of+抽象名词 (教材原句)Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health. 花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。  用于该结构中常见的抽象名词有:importance,value,help,use,benefit,interest,significance等。 在这类抽象名词前我们可用一些形容词(词组),如great,little,some,any,no,not much等来修饰抽象名词,用以说明程度。 “be+of+名词”结构还可用来说明句子主语在度量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征。这类名词有:colour,age,size,height,weight,shape,type,kind,quality等。在这类名词前常用different,all,the same,this,that等词来修饰或说明。 3. “That’s why...”意为“那就是为什么……” (教材原句) That’s why every spacewalk is carefully planned. 那就是为什么每次太空行走都是精心计划的。 “That’s because...”意为“那是因为……”,说明的是原因。 4.助动词+动词原形 (教材原句) Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved, but the signs are promising: Kepler has detected many suitable planets that are almost the same size as the Earth. 其他行星上是否存在生命还有待证实,但迹象很有希望:开普勒已经发现了许多合适的行星,它们的大小几乎和地球一样。  如何强调谓语动词 英语中若对谓语动词进行强调,不能用强调句型,而用“do/does/did+动词原形”的形式,这种强调形式只有一般现在时和一般过去时,且只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调。 4. It is likely that…可能…… (教材原句)For example, liquid hydrogen is a clean alternative energy source that is used widely as rocket fuel, and it is likely that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be mass-produced and launched in the near future.  例如,液氢是一种清洁的替代能源,被广泛用作火箭燃料,氢燃料电池汽车很可能在不久的将来被大量生产并投放市场。 It’s likely that sb. will do sth.可转换成sb./sth. is likely to do sth. 单元语法 主语从句(Subject clauses) 考点一、引导词 连接词 that,whether 连接代词 what, who, whom, which, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 连接副词 when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever 考点二、that引导的主语从句 1. that引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在句子中不作任何成分,也无任何意义。有时为了平衡句子结构,用it充当形式主语,而将that从句置于后面。that引导主语从句时通常不能省略,尤其是位于句首时。 2.主语从句中常用it作形式主语的句型有: (1)It+be+形容词 (clear, obvious, true, possible, certain, important, necessary, strange, natural, likely, surprising, vital等) + that从句 (2)It+be+名词(词组)(a pity, a shame, an honour, a fact, no wonder, no surprise等) + that从句 (3)It+be+过去分词 (said, reported, announced, proved, thought, expected, hoped, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, required, demanded等) + that从句 在上述it充当形式主语的句型中,若形容词是important, necessary, strange, natural, vital, essential等,过去分词中的动词是表“建议、命令、要求、请求”的动词,如suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, require, request, urge,demand等,那么that从句中的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,其中should可以省略。 (4)It+不及物动词(短语) (happened,occurred,seemed,appeared,turned out等)+that从句 考点四、whether引导的主语从句 whether意为“是否”,引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在句子中不作任何成分。 whether引导主语从句(1)whether引导主语从句时可以放在句首,也可以让it充当形式主语,真正的主语后置。(2)whether引导主语从句时一般不能用if替代。 考点五、连接代词引导的主语从句 连接代词包括:what, who, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。连接代词引导主语从句 what引导主语从句时在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,相当于定语从句中的“先行词+关系代词”的形式,表示“……的事情(时间、地点、样子等)”。 考点六、连接副词引导的主语从句 连接副词包括:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever等,在主语从句中作状语。 “疑问词+ever”既能引导主语从句,又能引导让步状语从句。但是“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。 一. 单词拼写 1．I found something large f (漂浮) in the sea about a mile away from the shore. 2．Many people, some of whom weren't overweight at all, were always going on a diet or taking weight-loss p (药片). 3．When the journey ended, Zac’s adventure received widespread media c . 4．Only if humans update the space exploration technology will they start a new journey to (宇宙) exploration. 5．The problem of the government is finding a safe place for (核能的) waste. 6．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be relatively free from (灰尘). 7．He was a man of (非凡的) abilities who threw himself into the company’s major projects. 8．He was (技艺高的)combined with brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did. 9．His friends were (热情的) and encouraged him to publish his unusual ideas about the plan. 10．I heard sounds of a (拼命的) struggle in the next room as if someone were in danger. 二. 选词填空 go beyond; plain to see; lay the foundation for; be bathed in; long to do; be curious about a waste of; be applied to; play a crucial role in; beyond one’s expectation; make sense of; be fascinated by 1．You can ask the teacher to speak slowly so that you can what he says. 2．We cannot emphasize the importance of health too much because it all of our daily activities. 3．You may feel all the practice time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it. 4． the weak April sunlight, the ruins revealed a unique kind of wild beauty. 5．I photography because it offers a way of examining the world in much greater detail. 6．Unless it real experiences, book knowledge remains theoretical and, in the end, is useless. 7．The real difference between city and countryside income figures. 8．The fact that public parks in cities become crowded as soon as the sun shines proves that people breathe in green, open spaces. 9．Sometimes, the difficulties we face are and even put us in a despairing situation. 10．To me, learning about cultures has always been a fun experience, and I want to pass this feeling to people who China. 三. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．We could solve students’ common eye problems by ensuring sufficient (expose) to nature. 2．The party turned out to be a failure due to the (absence) of some important figures.【答案】absence 3．The school pays for heating and the (maintain) of the buildings. 4．Scientists worry that (expose) of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful. 5．With teaching her mind, she cares less what is not related to her . (occupy) 6．Shock absorbers have set up in the cities with a high (frequent) of earthquakes in order to protect buildings and save lives. 7．He has done so much for the poor in his community that people think (high) of him. 8．While the math problem was (incredible) difficult, John managed to wok it out. 9．The company has made a huge (invest) in product development. 10．The staff at the local travel (agent) will make all the arrangements for you if you have no time to make a travel plan. 四. 完成句子 1．父亲失业了。我们的家庭很可能会陷入困境。(It is likely that...) My father was out of work. . 2．这本书很有用，所以他把它当作珍宝。（be of+抽象名词） The book , so he treats it as a treasure. 3．我努力学习，以便我能上一所更好的大学。(so that)(汉译英) 4．他患了重感冒。那就是他昨天没有上学的原因。（that's why...） 5．他尽管努力工作，仍未能做到收支平衡。(as引导让步状语从句，as+adj/adv+主语+谓语，make both ends meet.收支平衡) __________________________________________________________________________________ ( 8 / 9 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Out of this world 【速记清单】 单元重点单词短语句型语法 考点词汇 1.absence n.缺乏,不存在;缺席→absent adj. 缺席的,不在的 (教材原句) Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around. 在太空中由于几乎没有重力,我们必须绑着自己,这样我们才不会四处飘浮。 (1)absence from 　　　 缺席…… in/during one’s absence 当某人不在时 (2)be absent from 缺席,不在 2.bother vt.使烦恼,使担心;花费时间精力(做某事);打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n.麻烦,困难 (教材原句) It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.尝试背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的,但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。 bother to do sth./ about doing sth. 费力做某事（常用于否定或疑问句） It bothers sb. that... 　 令某人烦恼的是…… Don’t bother 不必麻烦 Sorry to bother you 对不起,打扰了 若bother后跟一个已经发生的动作,只能用动名词作宾语。 【易混辨析】bother, disturb与interrupt bother 指为小事所“烦扰”,带有稍微抱怨的意味 disturb 侧重扰乱某种状态或秩序 interrupt 侧重打断某活动的进程,使其不能进行下去 3.occupy vt.占用,使用;居住;占领,侵占;使忙于→occupation n.占用,使用;居住;占领,侵占;职业 (教材原句) The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding. 占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高,但它们也非常有意义。 occupy oneself with/(in) doing sth. 忙于(做)某事 be occupied with/(in) doing sth. 忙于(做)某事 4.cast new light on 使进一步了解…… (教材原句)Hopefully, it will cast new light on the Earth’s climate and lead to better lightning protection.希望它(这个实验)能使人们进一步了解地球气候,并更好地做好雷电防护。 cast a/an...look/glance at 向……投去……的目光 cast an eye over 瞥一眼,粗略看一下 cast doubt on 对某事产生疑虑 cast a shadow on 在……上投下阴影 5. circumstance n. 条件,状况;境况,(尤指)经济状况 (教材原句)In the circumstances, it’s time for a spacewalk. 在这种情况下,是时候来场太空行走了。 in the circumstances　　　 在这种情况下,既然如此 in/under...circumstances 在……条件/情况下 in/under no circumstances 决不,无论如何都不, 置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装形式。 【易混辨析】 circumstance 多指周围的情况或某事发生时的情况 situation 指明确具体的环境情况或处境 condition 一般强调产生影响的原因或环境,复数形式指笼统的情况 state 普通用词,指人或物在环境、外表、心灵以及健康方面的状况,或指在某一阶段的状态或形式 6. exposure n. 面临,遭受;揭露;报道→expose vt. 使暴露,使显露;揭露;曝光→exposed adj.暴露的,无遮蔽的 (教材原句)First, we put on our spacesuits, which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation. 首先,我们穿上太空服,太空服能使我们在太空中呼吸,保护我们免受寒冷和辐射。 exposure to　　　　 接触……;暴露于…… expose... to... 使……接触到……;使……暴露于…… (expose oneself to 使自己暴露于……) be exposed to 暴露于;接触 7.in view of鉴于,考虑到 (教材原句)In view of the low-gravity environment, eating is also different in space. 鉴于低重力环境,太空中的饮食也有所不同。 in one’s view/ from one’s point of view 在某人看来 in view 　　　　　　　 在视野范围内 come into view 进入视野 view...as... 把……看作/当作 8.crucial adj.至关重要的,关键性的 (教材原句)Hubble observations have played a crucial role in the discovery of the mysterious dark energy.哈勃(太空望远镜)的观测在发现神秘的暗能量方面发挥了至关重要的作用。 be crucial to/for sb./sth. 对某人/某物来说至关重要 be crucial to doing sth. 做某事是至关重要的 It’s crucial to do sth. 做某事是至关重要的 It’s crucial that sb. (should) do sth.某人做某事是至关重要的; crucial后跟句子时,从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟,其中should可以省略。 9. calculate vt.计算,核算;预测,推测→calculation n.计算，运算；估算，预测；算计，盘算→calculator n. 计算器 (教材原句)It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. 据统计,全球航天经济每年增长数十亿美元。 calculate that/wh-clause　计算……;预测…… calculate on/upon 指望;期待 be calculated to do sth. 计划做/打算做/旨在做某事 It is calculated that... 据估算…… 10.assistant n.助理;售货员;助教 adj.助理的;副的→assist v.帮助;协助→assistance n.援助;帮助 (教材原句) There are many support staff on the ground, such as engineers, mechanics and research assistants. 地面上有很多支持人员,比如工程师、机械修理工和研究助理。 an assistant to...　　……的助手 assist (sb.) with sth./ in (doing) sth.　帮助(某人)(做)某事;在(做)某事上协助(某人) assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 come to one’s assistance 来帮助某人 11.shelter n.居所,住处,庇护vt.保护,掩蔽vi.躲避 (教材原句)We should find permanent shelter that offers long-term protection from radiation. 我们应该找到能长期保护我们免受辐射的永久的居所。 take/seek shelter from... 躲避…… under the shelter of... 　　在……的庇护下 give sb. shelter 庇护某人 shelter...from... 保护/庇护……免受…… 考点句型 1. so that引导目的状语 (教材原句)Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around. 在太空中由于几乎没有重力,我们必须绑着自己,这样我们才不会四处飘浮。 (1)so that除了引导目的状语从句外,还可引导结果状语从句,意为“结果是,所以”。 (2)so that引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别: ①从意义上讲,so that引导目的状语从句,意为“为了,以便”;引导结果状语从句,意为“结果是,所以”。 ②从形式上看,so that引导的目的状语从句中常有情态动词may,can, might或could;so that引导的结果状语从句一般要用逗号和主句隔开,从句里没有表目的的情态动词may,can,might或could,此时that可以省略。 2. 形容词/副词/动词原形+as+主语+谓语 (教材原句) Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. 虽然地球的景色十分壮观,但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 (1)as引导让步状语从句时,可用though替代,但不能用although。 (2)在上述结构中,若位于句首的是单数可数名词,则通常省略不定冠词a(n)。 3. be+of+抽象名词 (教材原句)Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health. 花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。  用于该结构中常见的抽象名词有:importance,value,help,use,benefit,interest,significance等。 在这类抽象名词前我们可用一些形容词(词组),如great,little,some,any,no,not much等来修饰抽象名词,用以说明程度。 “be+of+名词”结构还可用来说明句子主语在度量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征。这类名词有:colour,age,size,height,weight,shape,type,kind,quality等。在这类名词前常用different,all,the same,this,that等词来修饰或说明。 3. “That’s why...”意为“那就是为什么……” (教材原句) That’s why every spacewalk is carefully planned. 那就是为什么每次太空行走都是精心计划的。 “That’s because...”意为“那是因为……”,说明的是原因。 4.助动词+动词原形 (教材原句) Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved, but the signs are promising: Kepler has detected many suitable planets that are almost the same size as the Earth. 其他行星上是否存在生命还有待证实,但迹象很有希望:开普勒已经发现了许多合适的行星,它们的大小几乎和地球一样。  如何强调谓语动词 英语中若对谓语动词进行强调,不能用强调句型,而用“do/does/did+动词原形”的形式,这种强调形式只有一般现在时和一般过去时,且只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调。 4. It is likely that…可能…… (教材原句)For example, liquid hydrogen is a clean alternative energy source that is used widely as rocket fuel, and it is likely that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be mass-produced and launched in the near future.  例如,液氢是一种清洁的替代能源,被广泛用作火箭燃料,氢燃料电池汽车很可能在不久的将来被大量生产并投放市场。 It’s likely that sb. will do sth.可转换成sb./sth. is likely to do sth. 单元语法 主语从句(Subject clauses) 考点一、引导词 连接词 that,whether 连接代词 what, who, whom, which, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 连接副词 when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever 考点二、that引导的主语从句 1. that引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在句子中不作任何成分,也无任何意义。有时为了平衡句子结构,用it充当形式主语,而将that从句置于后面。that引导主语从句时通常不能省略,尤其是位于句首时。 2.主语从句中常用it作形式主语的句型有: (1)It+be+形容词 (clear, obvious, true, possible, certain, important, necessary, strange, natural, likely, surprising, vital等) + that从句 (2)It+be+名词(词组)(a pity, a shame, an honour, a fact, no wonder, no surprise等) + that从句 (3)It+be+过去分词 (said, reported, announced, proved, thought, expected, hoped, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, required, demanded等) + that从句 在上述it充当形式主语的句型中,若形容词是important, necessary, strange, natural, vital, essential等,过去分词中的动词是表“建议、命令、要求、请求”的动词,如suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, require, request, urge,demand等,那么that从句中的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,其中should可以省略。 (4)It+不及物动词(短语) (happened,occurred,seemed,appeared,turned out等)+that从句 考点四、whether引导的主语从句 whether意为“是否”,引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在句子中不作任何成分。 whether引导主语从句(1)whether引导主语从句时可以放在句首,也可以让it充当形式主语,真正的主语后置。(2)whether引导主语从句时一般不能用if替代。 考点五、连接代词引导的主语从句 连接代词包括:what, who, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。连接代词引导主语从句 what引导主语从句时在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,相当于定语从句中的“先行词+关系代词”的形式,表示“……的事情(时间、地点、样子等)”。 考点六、连接副词引导的主语从句 连接副词包括:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever等,在主语从句中作状语。 “疑问词+ever”既能引导主语从句,又能引导让步状语从句。但是“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。 一. 单词拼写 1．I found something large f (漂浮) in the sea about a mile away from the shore. 【答案】floating/loating 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：我发现离海岸大约一英里远的海面上漂着一个很大的东西。根据中英文可知设空处为float，修饰something作定语，和something之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作定语，故填floating。 2．Many people, some of whom weren't overweight at all, were always going on a diet or taking weight-loss p (药片). 【答案】pills/ills 【详解】考查名词。句意：许多人，其中一些根本不超重，总是在节食或服用减肥药。此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语和首字母，表示“药片”应为pill，为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以使用名词复数形式表泛指。故填pills。 3．When the journey ended, Zac’s adventure received widespread media c . 【答案】coverage/overage 【详解】考查名词。句意：当旅行结束时，Zac的冒险获得了广泛的媒体报道。本空用名词coverage“报道”，作received的宾语。故填coverage。 4．Only if humans update the space exploration technology will they start a new journey to (宇宙) exploration. 【答案】universe 【详解】考查名词。句意：只有当人类更新太空探索技术时，他们才会开始新的宇宙探索之旅。根据汉语提示“宇宙”可知，此处使用名词universe，作exploration的定语。故填universe。 5．The problem of the government is finding a safe place for (核能的) waste. 【答案】nuclear 【详解】考查形容词。句意：政府的问题是找到一个安全的地方存放核能废料。根据汉语提示“核能的”可知，应填形容词nuclear，作前置定语，修饰名词waste。故填nuclear。 6．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be relatively free from (灰尘). 【答案】dust 【详解】考查名词。句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情是，人们可以相对远离灰尘。根据汉语提示“灰尘”以及句意，可知应填名词dust，dust为不可数名词。故填dust。 7．He was a man of (非凡的) abilities who threw himself into the company’s major projects. 【答案】extraordinary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他是一个有着非凡能力的人，投身于公司的重大项目中。本空用形容词extraordinary“非凡的”，作前置定语，修饰名词abilities。故填extraordinary。 8．He was (技艺高的)combined with brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did. 【答案】brilliant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他技艺高超且勇敢，尽管有时言行举止比较随意。根据汉语提示“技艺高的”可知应填形容词brilliant，作表语。故填brilliant。 9．His friends were (热情的) and encouraged him to publish his unusual ideas about the plan. 【答案】enthusiastic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的朋友们都很热情，鼓励他发表关于这个计划的不同寻常的想法。空处应用形容词enthusiastic“热情的”，作表语。故填enthusiastic。 10．I heard sounds of a (拼命的) struggle in the next room as if someone were in danger. 【答案】desperate 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我听到隔壁房间里传来拼命挣扎的声音，好像有人有危险。根据汉语提示可知应用形容词desperate，修饰名词struggle。故填desperate。 二. 选词填空 go beyond; plain to see; lay the foundation for; be bathed in; long to do; be curious about a waste of; be applied to; play a crucial role in; beyond one’s expectation; make sense of; be fascinated by 1．You can ask the teacher to speak slowly so that you can what he says. 2．We cannot emphasize the importance of health too much because it all of our daily activities. 3．You may feel all the practice time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it. 4． the weak April sunlight, the ruins revealed a unique kind of wild beauty. 5．I photography because it offers a way of examining the world in much greater detail. 6．Unless it real experiences, book knowledge remains theoretical and, in the end, is useless. 7．The real difference between city and countryside income figures. 8．The fact that public parks in cities become crowded as soon as the sun shines proves that people breathe in green, open spaces. 9．Sometimes, the difficulties we face are and even put us in a despairing situation. 10．To me, learning about cultures has always been a fun experience, and I want to pass this feeling to people who China. 【答案】 1．make sense of 2．lays the foundation for 3．a waste of 4．Bathed in 5．am fascinated by 6．is applied to 7．goes beyond 8．long to 9．beyond our expectation 10．are curious about 【解析】1．考查固定短语。句意：你可以请老师说慢一点，这样你就能理解他说的话。根据句意空处表示“理解”，应为make sense of，空前can为情态动词，其后为动词原形，故填make sense of。 2．考查固定短语和时态。句意：我们再怎么强调健康的重要性也不为过，因为它为我们所有的日常活动奠定了基础。本句称述客观事实为一般现在时态，空处表示“为……打好基础”，应为lay the foundation for，主语it为单数第三人称，故填lays the foundation for。 3．考查固定短语。句意：你可能会觉得所有的练习时间都是浪费，但我百分之百确定以后你会感激你做了这些。空处表示“浪费”，应为a waste of，故填a waste of。 4．考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：沐浴在四月微弱的阳光中，废墟展现出一种独特的野性美。空处表示“沐浴在”，应为be bathed in，空处与主语the weak April sunlight之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，省略助动词be，句首单词首字母大写，故填Bathed in。 5．考查固定短语和时态。句意：我对摄影很着迷，因为它提供了一种更详细地审视世界的方法。根据“offers”可知，此处为一般现在时态，空处表示“被迷住”，应为be fascinated by，主语为I，故填am fascinated by。 6．考查固定短语和时态。句意：除非书本知识被应用于实际经验，否则它仍然是理论性的，最终是无用的。根据“remains”可知，本句为一般现在时，空处表示“被应用于……”，应为be applied to，主语为it，故填is applied to。 7．考查固定短语和时态。句意：城市和乡村之间真正的区别不仅仅体现在收入数据上。陈述客观事实，本句为一般现在时态，空处表示“超出，超越”，应为go beyond，主语The real difference为单数第三人称，故填goes beyond。 8．考查固定短语。句意：城市公园只要出太阳就变得拥挤，这一事实证明人们渴望在绿色开阔的空间中呼吸。根据“proves”可知本句为一般现在时态，空处表示“渴望”，应为long to do，主语people为复数，空处应为动词原形，故填long to。 9．考查固定短语。句意：有时候，我们面临的困难出乎我们的意料，甚至让我们陷入绝望的境地。根据we face are可知本句为一般现在时态，空处表示“超出预期”应为beyond one’s expectation，主语为we，故填beyond our expectation。 10．考查固定短语和时态。句意：对我来说，了解文化一直是一种有趣的经历，我想把这种感觉传递给对中国好奇的人。根据“I want to pass”可知空处应为一般现在时态，空处表示“对……好奇”，应为be curious about，主语为people，是复数。故填are curious about。 三. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．We could solve students’ common eye problems by ensuring sufficient (expose) to nature. 【答案】exposure 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们可以通过确保充分接触大自然来解决学生常见的眼睛问题。空处作ensuring的宾语，被sufficient修饰，expose的名词形式exposure符合题意，意为“接触”，是不可数名词。故填exposure。 2．The party turned out to be a failure due to the (absence) of some important figures. 【答案】absence 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于一些重要人物的缺席，这次聚会失败了。空处作宾语，需用名词absence，为不可数名词。故填absence。 3．The school pays for heating and the (maintain) of the buildings. 【答案】maintenance 【详解】考查名词。句意：学校支付暖气和建筑物的维护费用。作介词的宾语用名词maintenance，不可数。故填maintenance。 4．Scientists worry that (expose) of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful. 【答案】exposure 【详解】考查名词。句意：科学家担心身体暴露在强烈的阳光下可能是有害的。expose作动词使用时，其名词形式为exposure，表示“暴露”作主语，因此填exposure。 5．With teaching her mind, she cares less what is not related to her . (occupy) 【答案】 occupying occupation 【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。句意：教学占据了她的心思，她就不太关心与她的职业无关的事情了。第一空是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，occupy和宾语teaching之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作宾补；第二空作宾语，结合her可知，使用名词occupation“职业”。故填①occupying；②occupation。 6．Shock absorbers have set up in the cities with a high (frequent) of earthquakes in order to protect buildings and save lives. 【答案】frequency 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了保护建筑物和挽救生命，地震频发的城市都设置了减震器。根据句子结构，这里需要一个名词作介词with的宾语，frequent的名词形式是frequency，意为 “频率”。故填frequency。 7．He has done so much for the poor in his community that people think (high) of him. 【答案】highly 【详解】考查副词。句意：他为社区里的穷人做了很多事，人们对他的评价很高。think highly of是固定短语，意为“高度评价”，故填highly。 8．While the math problem was (incredible) difficult, John managed to wok it out. 【答案】incredibly 【详解】考查副词。句意：虽然这道数学题很难，约翰还是把它解出来了。空处修饰形容词difficult，应用incredible的副词形式incredibly，意为“非常地”，作状语。故填incredibly。 9．The company has made a huge (invest) in product development. 【答案】investment 【详解】考查名词。句意：该公司在产品开发上进行了巨额投资。结合空前的“a huge”可知，空处应填名词形式作made的宾语，investment投资，可数名词，此处应用单数形式表示泛指，make a huge investment in...在……方面投入巨资。故填investment。 10．The staff at the local travel (agent) will make all the arrangements for you if you have no time to make a travel plan. 【答案】agency 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你没有时间制定旅行计划，当地旅行社的工作人员会为你安排一切。此处应填名词agency“代理机构，旅行社”，作at的宾语。故填agency。 四. 完成句子 1．父亲失业了。我们的家庭很可能会陷入困境。(It is likely that...) My father was out of work. . 【答案】It was likely that our family would get into trouble 【详解】考查固定句式。“很可能”It be likely that，由was可知，句子应用过去的时态，be用was，that从句中主语“我们的家庭”our family，“陷入困境”get into trouble，描述从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，应用过去将来时，get用would get的形式。故填It was likely that our family would get into trouble。 2．这本书很有用，所以他把它当作珍宝。（be of+抽象名词） The book , so he treats it as a treasure. 【答案】is of great use 【详解】考查固定短语和动词时态、名词、形容词。“be of+抽象名词”，为固定搭配，表示“有……”，结合treats可知，句子时态使用一般现在时，主语为The book，be动词用is。表示“很多的”应用形容词great，作前置定语，修饰名词“用处”；表示“用处”应用名词use，作of的宾语。故填is of great use。 3．我努力学习，以便我能上一所更好的大学。(so that)(汉译英) 【答案】I study hard, so that I can go to a better university/ college. 【详解】考查状语从句。句子描述现在的一般情况，使用一般现在时，主语“我”I，“努力学习”study hard，主语是I，谓语动词使用原形形式，“以便”使用so that引导目的状语从句，从句主语I，“能”使用情态动词can，后接动词原形形式，“上一所更好的大学”go to a better university/ college，其中better为形容词的比较级形式，作定语修饰university/college。故翻译为I study hard, so that I can go to a better university/college. 4．他患了重感冒。那就是他昨天没有上学的原因。（that's why...） 【答案】He had a bad cold. That's why he was absent from school yesterday. 【详解】考查固定句式。“that’s why...”是固定句式，意为“那就是......的原因”。“不上学”可译为“be absent from school”。根据句意可知，本题的时间状语为“昨天（yesterday）”，可知要用一般过去时，故本题可译为：He had a bad cold. That's why he was absent from school yesterday。 5．他尽管努力工作，仍未能做到收支平衡。(as引导让步状语从句，as+adj/adv+主语+谓语，make both ends meet.收支平衡) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Hard as he worked, he still failed to make both ends meet. 【详解】考查时态、状语从句的倒装句形式、动词短语、非谓语动词。陈述过去的状态，用一般过去时。“努力工作”使用动词短语work hard，“他尽管努力工作”表达为as引导的让步状语从句的倒装句形式，将作状语的副词hard提至句首Hard as he worked；“未能做到……”表达为动词短语fail to do sth，不定式作fail的宾语；“收支平衡”表达为动词短语make both ends meet。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Hard as he worked, he still failed to make both ends meet. ( 7 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$