Unit 2 Out of this world 【单元卷•测试卷】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记•巧练（译林版2020选择必修第三册）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 __________ Unit 2 Out of this world 测试卷 (时间：100分钟，满分：120分) 第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Read and WatchMy Penguin Friend Starring Jean Reno A tale about a most unlikely bond. Lonely Brazilian fisherman Joao Pereira de Souza (Jean Reno) is struggling with misfortune when he spots a penguin in oil in the surf. He rescues the Antarctic sea bird, providing baths, shelter, food and a name: Dindim, which in turn helps Joao Pereira de Souza regain his sense of purpose.Super/Man Directed by Ian Bonhote and Peter Ettedgui This documentary shows why Christopher Reeve was as much of a superhero off-screen as he was on. The Juilliard graduate became a hit by playing Man of Steel in four Superman films. In 1995, when a horseback riding accident left him physically challenged, the actor insisted on working, raising money for injury research and helping others until his death in 2004. The Life Impossible By Matt Haig Literary hit-maker Matt Haig hits the mark once more with The Life Impossible. A letter from a former student leads retired maths teacher Grace Winters to describe the seemingly small act of kindness she showed to a music teacher years ago. The kindness nearly forgotten turns into something unforgettable when Winters is bequeathed (遗赠) a house in Ibiza. Trivial Pursuit Hosted by LeVar Burton LeVar Burton takes his turn in the trivia-show spotlight as he hosts the new TV version of Trivial Pursuit. Three players move around a huge board, answering questions in hopes of winning the prize. The first player to reach the board’s center earns a chance to race the clock and take home the $20,000 prize pot. 1．Which one inspires the disabled most? A．My Penguin Friend. B．Super/Man. C．The Life Impossible. D．Trivial Pursuit. 2．What is most likely the common theme of My Penguin Friend and The Life Impossible? A．Power of hope. B．Act of kindness. C．Personal growth. D．Lifelong friendship. 3．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．Textbook. B．Travel journal. C．Magazine. D．Science report. B Most teenagers spend their time playing video games or texting, but William Gadoury, a 14-year-old from Canada, had a very different interest. In 2016, he studied ancient Mayan star maps and used satellite images to explore a connection between Mayan cities and stars. William had been interested in the Mayans since he was a child, especially after learning about their calendar and its prediction. What started as a hobby when he was 12 turned into serious research. Using an old Mayan book, the Madrid Codex, he studied 22 star maps and compared them with Google Earth images of the Yucatan Peninsula. He found that 117 Mayan cities lined up with the stars in the maps. But when he studied a 23rd star map, William noticed something strange. There were three stars in the constellation (星座 ), but only two known cities. The third star pointed to a jungle area near the Mexico-Belize border. Thanks to a science competition he had won earlier, William got help from the Canadian Space Agency. Using images from their satellite, he saw what looked like a square structure hidden in the jungle. By looking at more satellite images from NASA and Japan’s Space Agency, he confirmed that there might be an unknown city there. In 2022, William joined archaeologist Francisco Estrada-Bell to visit the site. They found a small farming village deep in the jungle. Experts believe this discovery shows how farming was the backbone of the Maya civilization, allowing them to feed their large population, which may have been in the millions. “What I admired most about William was his curiosity,” Francisco told CBC． “I think that he showed a lot of curiosity as well as imagination. And I think imagination is really important in science, because if you can’t imagine it — if you can’t think of it — you can’t look for it.” Now 21, William has spent half his life studying Mayan constellations — and he’s just getting started. 4．What made William Gadoury different from most teenagers? A．He collected satellite images. B．He refused to use mobile phones. C．He studied Mayan constellations. D．He was lost in playing video games. 5．What did William Gadoury discover about Mayan cities and stars? A．Cities should match star positions. B．Stars guided city planning. C．Stars brightened the cities’ buildings. D．Cities were shaped like stars. 6．What does the underlined words “the backbone” in Para. 5 probably mean? A．The strong teamwork. B．The power tool of the locals. C．The challenging experience. D．The main support or foundation. 7．Which words can best describe William Gadoury? A．Curious and determined. B．Imaginative and friendly. C．Generous and confident. D．Hardworking and carefree. C Climate change, pollution and fast-paced life got you down? Wish you could buy a ticket on the Europa Clipper spacecraft? Before you decide to leave Earth behind, consider the life of an astronaut on the International Space Station (ISS). Two NASA astronauts have been living aboard the ISS since their departure from Earth on June 5. Their mission, originally meant to last around a week, will have gone on for over eight months. NASA’s accepted odds for loss of crew during the extended stay, or chances they two won’t make it back to Earth alive, are 1 in 270. Although chances of death on their mission are relatively low, the effects of their long term stay in space will likely have an impact on their bodies. Living in microgravity causes bodily fluids to become more evenly distributed, with up to two extra liters of blood in the upper body, triggering constant feelings of puffiness (浮肿), especially in the head and face. Captain Kelly, a former NASA astronaut, describes the feeling, “It feels a little like standing on your head 24 hours a day.” The way fluids redistribute themselves in space also causes urine (尿液) to float along the sides of the bladder (膀胱), which can prevent astronauts from feeling a need to urinate until their bladders become completely full, leading to an unexpected, spontaneous need to urinate. Discoveries made during NASA’s study found extended time in space also impacts telomeres (端粒). During almost a year in space, Captain Kelly’s telomeres had actually lengthened, which is usually an indicator of lower odds of age-related diseases. However, during the months after returning to Earth, the length of his telomeres was discovered to be critically shorter than his preflight levels. If you are planning a trip to space as your next luxury vacation, prepare to encounter many more serious health consequences in a completely new environment. For astronauts like Captain Kelly, the impact space has on the body is a small price to pay to explore the solar system. For those of us who haven’t been to space yet, health conditions caused by living in microgravity can be a reminder of how comfortable life is here on Earth. 8．What can we know about the two astronauts from Paragraph 2? A．NASA has accepted the fact of losing them. B．They postpone their missions to eight months later. C．Staying in space has potential damage to their physical conditions. D．The longer they stay in space, the lower chances they have of returning alive. 9．How do the bodily fluids affect astronauts living in microgravity? A．They make astronauts’ whole bodies puffy. B．They greatly weaken astronauts’ urges to urinate. C．They accumulate more in the upper body than the lower. D．They cause astronauts to feel like standing 24 hours a day. 10．What can we learn from Captain Kelly? A．He was less likely to suffer age-related diseases. B．He reminded us that living on Earth was comfortable. C．Living in space had no significant impact on his overall health. D．His telomeres lengthened first and then shortened after returning from space. 11．What does the author intend to imply according to this article? A．It is not worth exploring the solar system. B．Travelling in space is an affordable journey. C．It is possible to travel to space as a vacation. D．Exploring the space takes devotion and sacrifice. D （24-25高二上·湖南常德·期末）Every six-year-old wants to be an astronaut. This career goal is right up there with firefighter, detective, cowboy and ballet dancer. Before long, though, most recognize that they do not meet, and will in fact never meet the non-negotiable physical standards for the job. In fact, survival chances for any long-term mission will be greatly improved by loosening the restrictions until all people, regardless of disability, are able to be astronauts. Here we will use the example of a totally blind astronaut. On a spacewalk in 2001, Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield was temporarily blinded by a combination of soap and tears inside his helmet. The real problem was not that he was unable to see, but it was that the current spacesuit design forces astronauts to over-rely on hand-eye cooperation to the exclusion of other useful sensory information. For blind astronauts, the priority would be to design suits with better flexibility and increased touch feedback, so the hands could be used more easily to explore and control tools. Generally speaking, in a serious accident, the first thing to go might be the lights! This often means that the first thing a sighted astronaut must do for security is ensure visual access to the environment. He hunts for a flashlight, and if emergency lighting comes on, his eyes take a moment to adjust. Meanwhile, the blind astronaut is already heading toward the source of the problem. In the fire aboard the Russian Mir space station in 1997, the crew struggled as smoke blocked their view. The blind astronaut, while still affected by the lack of good air, would not be bothered by either dull lighting or heavy smoke. She would accurately direct the fire extinguisher at the source of heat and noise. Furthermore, a blind astronaut won’t feel the sickness caused by the lack of a visual horizon nor be lost by the frightening view during space walks. Similarly, there would be little reason to worry about the damage microgravity does to vision as fluid accumulates in the eye. So as a space observer, I strongly believe spaceflight can be made safer with a blind crewmate aboard. 12．What does the author imply in the first paragraph about being an astronaut? A．The dream to be an astronaut fades with age. B．Astronauts should be physically perfect. C．One with disability can also be an astronaut. D．Physical standards are not important. 13．What’s the real problem during Chris Hadfield’s spacewalk? A．He depended too much on his eyesight. B．He ignored other sensory information. C．He was unable to see anything in space. D．He was influenced by tears in his helmet. 14．The author mentions the fire aboard the Russian Mir space station to show blind astronauts __________. A．are better than common astronauts B．may have quicker reaction to danger C．can put things into their correct place D．are good at using fire extinguishers 15．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The future of spaceflight. B．The dilemma of spaceflight. C．The blind astronauts’ prospects. D．The blind astronauts’ advantages. 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （24-25高二上·安徽宿州·期中）Without these things, our daily lives would look much different. Some of us couldn’t watch television. Some of us couldn’t figure out how to navigate from one place to another when traveling. Some of us could be endangered by bad weather that we didn’t know was coming. 16 Man-made satellites, of course! Man-made satellites are machines that humans launch into orbit, usually around the Earth. The Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite— Sputnik 1— on October 4, 1957. The United States launched its first artificial satellite— Explorer 1— about four months later. 17 Would you have ever guessed there are that many satellites up there in the sky, traveling around the Earth over and over again? 18 Satellites like the Hubble Space Telescope, the International Space Station, and the Russian Mir space station help scientists explore space in new and exciting ways. Communications satellites help us communicate with people all over the world. Weather satellites help us observe the Earth from space to help predict weather patterns. Radio and television satellites send us our favorite songs, movies, and television shows for us to enjoy. There’s even a group of satellites that make up the Global Positioning System（GPS）. 19 Satellites are launched into orbits at different distances from Earth. Some may be as close as 150 miles above Earth, while others may be as far away as 20,000 miles or more. When satellites stop working, they become orbiting “space junk” until gravity pulls them back to Earth. Although at least one piece of space junk returns to Earth every day, it’s rare that anyone ever notices. 20 A．What are we talking about? B．How many satellites are there in space? C．So no need to worry that the sky is falling! D．Satellites can be sent to orbit other planets, too. E．Man-made satellites are used for various purposes. F．Without these satellites, we might get lost while traveling. G．Over 3,000 satellites have been launched into space since then. 第二部分语言运用(共三节，满分35分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （24-25高二上·湖南邵阳·期中）I’m not allowed to touch the moon rocks. This is the lab where the Johnson Space Center 21 the original samples that the Apollo astronauts 22 to the earth decades ago. As I stare at the rocks through glass, Charis, my tour guide, says in a 23 voice: No touching the moon rocks. Before 24 this clean room, I remove all my jewelry. My guide and I cover our shoes with blue-paper booties and step into full-body jumpsuits. We then 25 gloves and a hair cover. Finally, we spend a full minute standing in an air shower, under a steady light wind 26 from ceiling to floor to 27 us of any fine dust. Inside the clean room, the rocks are kept in 28 , pressurized containers. Only five sample processors in the world get to routinely handle these 29 stones. They preserve and prepare the samples for studies. To pick up an Apollo rock, they must use special tools, following pretty strict 30 about touching samples. All the 31 is to protect the 382 kilograms of rocks lifted from the moon. “One big 32 belief is that the Apollo samples aren’t being studied any more and that they only tell us about the moon,” says Charis. “Neither of those is true.” Keeping priceless samples away from curious 33 allowed scientists to make one of the most surprising lunar 34 of the last 50 years: The moon is wet. Those samples are still offering fresh details about how the 35 — and the entire solar system — formed and developed. 21．A．accumulates B．stores C．tests D．analyzes 22．A．brought B．sent C．donated D．introduced 23．A．thoughtful B．sensitive C．eager D．firm 24．A．leaving B．inspecting C．entering D．observing 25．A．reach for B．deal with C．put on D．inquire about 26．A．blowing B．shooting C．sweeping D．rising 27．A．warn B．assure C．remind D．clear 28．A．useful B．secure C．empty D．new 29．A．precious B．strange C．clean D．previous 30．A．schedules B．laws C．rules D．orders 31．A．effort B．sacrifice C．arrangement D．reform 32．A．uncommon B．contradictory C．impractical D．mistaken 33．A．minds B．looks C．fingers D．questions 34．A．attempts B．fortune C．reservation D．discoveries 35．A．sun B．moon C．earth D．universe 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （24-25高二上·广东揭阳·期末） Currently under construction off the country’s northeast coast, the Dalian Jinzhou Bay International Airport will eventually cover 36 8-square-mile island with four runways and a 969,000 sq ft passenger terminal, according to an airport statement. Its operators aim 37 (handle) 80 million passengers per year across 540,000 flights, with the first phase due to open in 2035. “The country’s largest offshore airport is rising slowly from the sea level like the sunrise in the east,” 38 (read) a post by Dalian Jinzhou Bay International on Chinese social media platform WeChat. Once 39 (accomplish), it will become the world’s largest airport on an artificial island, surpassing both Hong Kong International Airport (HKG) and Japan’s Kansai Airport (KIX). “There have been great challenges to the construction,” Li Xiang, chief engineer of Dalian Airport Construction and Development Co., Ltd., told state-run local media in October, “as not only does the project have complex geological conditions and high drilling difficulty, 40 high demand in quality with a tight construction schedule is another challenge we have to take into account.” As it is, it is the city of Dalian, with a population of 7.5 million, 41 has long been a transport hub due to its proximity to Japan and South Korea. Dalian Zhoushuizi Airport, the city’s international airport, 42 has been operating for nearly a century, has already met its maximum capacity and 43 (expand) several times these years, according to YiCai Global, a state-linked newspaper. The city started site selection and 44 (demonstrate) work on the new airport in 2003, but construction only began in earnest a few years ago. China’s aviation 45 (boom) fast, new airports are a key part and surprisingly, the country is on track to pass the United States and become the world’s largest air travel market. 第三节词汇填空(共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分) 请认真阅读下列各题，根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。 46．His story is just as (戏剧的) as a film, only it’s remarkably real. 47．Bank officials clearly (应得) some of the blame to enhance their responsibility. 48．I was so confused that I could hardly (使镇静) my emotions. 49．The orchestra played Mozart’s (交响乐) No. 35 in D Major and gave people a gentle sense. 50．Jobs in the space industry go far beyond the (宇航员) that receive widespread media coverage. 51．The writer wanted to leave a (永久的) message, so she carved her words into the wall of the library. 52．Extended (暴露) to sunlight without proper protection can lead to severe skin damage and increase the risk of skin cancer. 53．She made an excuse to explain her a from the meeting last week. 54．The traffic policeman usually wear reflective vests to make themselves highly v at night in order to ensure their safety on the road. 55．Mutual learning is c (重要的) to international exchanges and cooperation today. 第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节应用文写作(满分15分) 明天的英语课轮到你作主题发言，请你以“中国神舟19号飞船(Shenzhou-19 spacecraft)发射成功”为主题写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1.发射时间：2024年10月30日4时27分； 2.你的感想。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Good morning, everyone, I’m excited to share with you the successful launch of China’s Shenzhou-19 spacecraft. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 第二节读后续写(满分20分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 （24-25高二上·河南驻马店·阶段练习） A young girl named Nova had always been fascinated by space travel and dreamed of exploring the stars one day. She spent hours reading books about the planets and galaxies and her room was filled with star charts in models of spacecraft. Nova also loved to repair machines. Always curious about how things worked, she would take apart gadgets (小器具) and put them back together. She even built her own telescope to look up at the night sky. Her parents encouraged her curiosity, gifting her a comprehensive engineering kit on her 10th birthday. Nova spent countless hours mastering the kit, learning everything from basic circuitry (电路) to complex mechanical systems. One day, she signed up for the “Little Astronaut Simulation (模拟) Competition”. The selection process was strict, but Nova’s professional skills in mechanics helped her a lot. What’s more, during her training, Nova learned more complex skills. Fortunately, Nova succeeded. She was selected to join a team of simulation astronauts on a mission to explore a distant planet. Nova was excited and she brought along her toolkit just in case and hoped that her skills could contribute to the mission. As the spaceship flew through the galaxy, Nova admired breathtaking views of stars and planets. She felt weightless and free, like she was flying through the universe. The crew members bonded over shared stories in the dreams, each bringing a unique skill set to the team. Nova quickly became the go-to person for any technical issues. She believed that her toolkit and knowledge would provide invaluable service during the journey. Later, the team encountered a problem. The simulation spaceship’s engine malfunctioned and they became trapped in space. They were running out of oxygen and supplies, and the nearest planet was light years away. Many of them were scared and unsure of what to do. But Nova refused to be afraid. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Finally, they landed back on the earth. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 11 / 11 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 __________ Unit 2 Out of this world 测试卷 (时间：100分钟，满分：120分) 第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Read and WatchMy Penguin Friend Starring Jean Reno A tale about a most unlikely bond. Lonely Brazilian fisherman Joao Pereira de Souza (Jean Reno) is struggling with misfortune when he spots a penguin in oil in the surf. He rescues the Antarctic sea bird, providing baths, shelter, food and a name: Dindim, which in turn helps Joao Pereira de Souza regain his sense of purpose.Super/Man Directed by Ian Bonhote and Peter Ettedgui This documentary shows why Christopher Reeve was as much of a superhero off-screen as he was on. The Juilliard graduate became a hit by playing Man of Steel in four Superman films. In 1995, when a horseback riding accident left him physically challenged, the actor insisted on working, raising money for injury research and helping others until his death in 2004. The Life Impossible By Matt Haig Literary hit-maker Matt Haig hits the mark once more with The Life Impossible. A letter from a former student leads retired maths teacher Grace Winters to describe the seemingly small act of kindness she showed to a music teacher years ago. The kindness nearly forgotten turns into something unforgettable when Winters is bequeathed (遗赠) a house in Ibiza. Trivial Pursuit Hosted by LeVar Burton LeVar Burton takes his turn in the trivia-show spotlight as he hosts the new TV version of Trivial Pursuit. Three players move around a huge board, answering questions in hopes of winning the prize. The first player to reach the board’s center earns a chance to race the clock and take home the $20,000 prize pot. 1．Which one inspires the disabled most? A．My Penguin Friend. B．Super/Man. C．The Life Impossible. D．Trivial Pursuit. 2．What is most likely the common theme of My Penguin Friend and The Life Impossible? A．Power of hope. B．Act of kindness. C．Personal growth. D．Lifelong friendship. 3．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．Textbook. B．Travel journal. C．Magazine. D．Science report. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四部不同的值得阅读和观看的作品。 1．细节理解题。根据Super/Man部分中“In 1995, when a horseback riding accident left him physically challenged, the actor insisted on working, raising money for injury research and helping others until his death in 2004.( 1995年，当一次骑马事故使他的身体出现障碍时，这位演员坚持工作，为伤病研究筹集资金并帮助他人，直到2004年去世。)”可知，克里斯托弗·里夫在骑马事故后身体残疾但仍坚持工作、为伤病研究筹款并帮助他人直到 2004 年去世，这对残疾人来说是很大的激励，可知该作品最能鼓励残疾人。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据My Penguin Friend部分中“He rescues the Antarctic sea bird, providing baths, shelter, food and a name: Dindim, which in turn helps Joao Pereira de Souza regain his sense of purpose.(他拯救了这只南极海鸟，为它提供了洗澡、住所、食物和名字：Dindim，这反过来又帮助Joao Pereira de Souza重获目标感。)”可知，该作品讲述的是Joao Pereira de Souza拯救了南极海鸟的故事，由此让自己重新获得目标感，展现了Joao Pereira de Souza的善良；根据The Life Impossible部分中“A letter from a former student leads retired maths teacher Grace Winters to describe the seemingly small act of kindness she showed to a music teacher years ago. (退休的数学老师Grace Winters收到了一位前学生的来信，她描述了几年前她对一位音乐老师看似微不足道的善举。)”介绍的是Grace Winters因为一个小善举获得了遗赠。由此推断两部作品都体现了善举的力量，所以共同主题是善举。故选B。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，文章分别介绍了不同的电影、纪录片、书籍和电视节目，由此推断文章最有可能取自杂志。故选C。 B Most teenagers spend their time playing video games or texting, but William Gadoury, a 14-year-old from Canada, had a very different interest. In 2016, he studied ancient Mayan star maps and used satellite images to explore a connection between Mayan cities and stars. William had been interested in the Mayans since he was a child, especially after learning about their calendar and its prediction. What started as a hobby when he was 12 turned into serious research. Using an old Mayan book, the Madrid Codex, he studied 22 star maps and compared them with Google Earth images of the Yucatan Peninsula. He found that 117 Mayan cities lined up with the stars in the maps. But when he studied a 23rd star map, William noticed something strange. There were three stars in the constellation (星座 ), but only two known cities. The third star pointed to a jungle area near the Mexico-Belize border. Thanks to a science competition he had won earlier, William got help from the Canadian Space Agency. Using images from their satellite, he saw what looked like a square structure hidden in the jungle. By looking at more satellite images from NASA and Japan’s Space Agency, he confirmed that there might be an unknown city there. In 2022, William joined archaeologist Francisco Estrada-Bell to visit the site. They found a small farming village deep in the jungle. Experts believe this discovery shows how farming was the backbone of the Maya civilization, allowing them to feed their large population, which may have been in the millions. “What I admired most about William was his curiosity,” Francisco told CBC． “I think that he showed a lot of curiosity as well as imagination. And I think imagination is really important in science, because if you can’t imagine it — if you can’t think of it — you can’t look for it.” Now 21, William has spent half his life studying Mayan constellations — and he’s just getting started. 4．What made William Gadoury different from most teenagers? A．He collected satellite images. B．He refused to use mobile phones. C．He studied Mayan constellations. D．He was lost in playing video games. 5．What did William Gadoury discover about Mayan cities and stars? A．Cities should match star positions. B．Stars guided city planning. C．Stars brightened the cities’ buildings. D．Cities were shaped like stars. 6．What does the underlined words “the backbone” in Para. 5 probably mean? A．The strong teamwork. B．The power tool of the locals. C．The challenging experience. D．The main support or foundation. 7．Which words can best describe William Gadoury? A．Curious and determined. B．Imaginative and friendly. C．Generous and confident. D．Hardworking and carefree. 【答案】4．C 5．A 6．D 7．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述14岁的加拿大少年威廉研究玛雅星图和城市与星星的联系，有新发现，他的好奇心和决心令人钦佩。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Most teenagers spend their time playing video games or texting, but William Gadoury, a 14-year-old from Canada, had a very different interest. In 2016, he studied ancient Mayan star maps and used satellite images to explore a connection between Mayan cities and stars.(大多数青少年把时间花在玩电子游戏或发短信上，但来自加拿大的 14 岁少年威廉・加多里却有着截然不同的兴趣。2016 年，他研究了古代玛雅星图，并利用卫星图像探索玛雅城市与星星之间的联系。)”可知，使威廉・加多里与大多数青少年不同的是他研究玛雅星座。故选C项。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“He found that 117 Mayan cities lined up with the stars in the maps.(他发现 117 座玛雅城市与星图中的星星排列一致。)”可知，威廉・加多里发现玛雅城市应与星星的位置相匹配。故选A项。 6．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Experts believe this discovery shows how farming was the backbone of the Maya civilization, allowing them to feed their large population, which may have been in the millions.(专家们认为，这一发现表明农业是玛雅文明的 ，使他们能够养活可能达数百万之多的庞大人口。)”并结合语境可知，养活大量人口说明农业对玛雅文明很重要，是主要支撑。所以the backbone意思可能是“主要支撑或基础”。故选D项。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘What I admired most about William was his curiosity,’ Francisco told CBC. ‘I think that he showed a lot of curiosity as well as imagination. And I think imagination is really important in science, because if you can’t imagine it — if you can’t think of it — you can’t look for it.’ Now 21, William has spent half his life studying Mayan constellations — and he’s just getting started.(弗朗西斯科告诉加拿大广播公司：‘我最钦佩威廉的是他的好奇心。我认为他表现出了很强的好奇心和想象力。我认为想象力在科学中非常重要，因为如果你无法想象它 ——如果你想不到它 ——你就无法去寻找它。’现在 21 岁的威廉已经花了半辈子时间研究玛雅星座 —— 而他才刚刚开始。)”可知，威廉有好奇心，且花了很长时间研究玛雅星座，还会继续下去，说明他有决心。所以可以用“好奇且有决心”来描述他。故选A项。 C Climate change, pollution and fast-paced life got you down? Wish you could buy a ticket on the Europa Clipper spacecraft? Before you decide to leave Earth behind, consider the life of an astronaut on the International Space Station (ISS). Two NASA astronauts have been living aboard the ISS since their departure from Earth on June 5. Their mission, originally meant to last around a week, will have gone on for over eight months. NASA’s accepted odds for loss of crew during the extended stay, or chances they two won’t make it back to Earth alive, are 1 in 270. Although chances of death on their mission are relatively low, the effects of their long term stay in space will likely have an impact on their bodies. Living in microgravity causes bodily fluids to become more evenly distributed, with up to two extra liters of blood in the upper body, triggering constant feelings of puffiness (浮肿), especially in the head and face. Captain Kelly, a former NASA astronaut, describes the feeling, “It feels a little like standing on your head 24 hours a day.” The way fluids redistribute themselves in space also causes urine (尿液) to float along the sides of the bladder (膀胱), which can prevent astronauts from feeling a need to urinate until their bladders become completely full, leading to an unexpected, spontaneous need to urinate. Discoveries made during NASA’s study found extended time in space also impacts telomeres (端粒). During almost a year in space, Captain Kelly’s telomeres had actually lengthened, which is usually an indicator of lower odds of age-related diseases. However, during the months after returning to Earth, the length of his telomeres was discovered to be critically shorter than his preflight levels. If you are planning a trip to space as your next luxury vacation, prepare to encounter many more serious health consequences in a completely new environment. For astronauts like Captain Kelly, the impact space has on the body is a small price to pay to explore the solar system. For those of us who haven’t been to space yet, health conditions caused by living in microgravity can be a reminder of how comfortable life is here on Earth. 8．What can we know about the two astronauts from Paragraph 2? A．NASA has accepted the fact of losing them. B．They postpone their missions to eight months later. C．Staying in space has potential damage to their physical conditions. D．The longer they stay in space, the lower chances they have of returning alive. 9．How do the bodily fluids affect astronauts living in microgravity? A．They make astronauts’ whole bodies puffy. B．They greatly weaken astronauts’ urges to urinate. C．They accumulate more in the upper body than the lower. D．They cause astronauts to feel like standing 24 hours a day. 10．What can we learn from Captain Kelly? A．He was less likely to suffer age-related diseases. B．He reminded us that living on Earth was comfortable. C．Living in space had no significant impact on his overall health. D．His telomeres lengthened first and then shortened after returning from space. 11．What does the author intend to imply according to this article? A．It is not worth exploring the solar system. B．Travelling in space is an affordable journey. C．It is possible to travel to space as a vacation. D．Exploring the space takes devotion and sacrifice. 【答案】8．C 9．B 10．D 11．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍微重力环境对于宇航员的身体的影响。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Although chances of death on their mission are relatively low, the effects of their long term stay in space will likely have an impact on their bodies. (虽然他们在执行任务时死亡的几率相对较低，但他们在太空长期停留的影响可能会对他们的身体产生影响。)”可知，长时间留在太空有可能对宇航员的身体状况有潜在的损害。故选C项。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The way fluids redistribute themselves in space also causes urine (尿液) to float along the sides of the bladder (膀胱), which can prevent astronauts from feeling a need to urinate until their bladders become completely full, leading to an unexpected, spontaneous need to urinate. (液体在太空中重新分配自己的方式也会导致尿液漂浮在膀胱两侧，这可能会使宇航员在膀胱完全充满之前感觉不到小便的需要，从而导致意外的、自发的小便需要。)”可知，体液会削弱生活在微重力环境中的宇航员的尿意。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“During almost a year in space, Captain Kelly’s telomeres had actually lengthened, which is usually an indicator of lower odds of age-related diseases. However, during the months after returning to Earth, the length of his telomeres was discovered to be critically shorter than his preflight levels. (在近一年的太空生活中，Captain Kelly的端粒实际上变长了，这通常是患与年龄有关疾病的几率较低的一个指标。然而，在返回地球后的几个月里，他的端粒长度被发现比他飞行前的水平短得多。)”可知，从太空回来后，Captain Kelly的端粒先是变长，然后又变短。故选D项。 11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If you are planning a trip to space as your next luxury vacation, prepare to encounter many more serious health consequences in a completely new environment. For astronauts like Captain Kelly, the impact space has on the body is a small price to pay to explore the solar system. For those of us who haven’t been to space yet, health conditions caused by living in microgravity can be a reminder of how comfortable life is here on Earth.(如果你打算去太空旅行作为你的下一个豪华假期，准备在一个全新的环境中遇到更多严重的健康后果。对于像Captain Kelly这样的宇航员来说，太空对身体的影响是探索太阳系的一个小代价。对于我们这些还没有去过太空的人来说，生活在微重力下引起的健康问题可以提醒我们地球上的生活是多么舒适。)”可知，作者想暗示探索太空需要奉献和牺牲。故选D项。 D （24-25高二上·湖南常德·期末）Every six-year-old wants to be an astronaut. This career goal is right up there with firefighter, detective, cowboy and ballet dancer. Before long, though, most recognize that they do not meet, and will in fact never meet the non-negotiable physical standards for the job. In fact, survival chances for any long-term mission will be greatly improved by loosening the restrictions until all people, regardless of disability, are able to be astronauts. Here we will use the example of a totally blind astronaut. On a spacewalk in 2001, Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield was temporarily blinded by a combination of soap and tears inside his helmet. The real problem was not that he was unable to see, but it was that the current spacesuit design forces astronauts to over-rely on hand-eye cooperation to the exclusion of other useful sensory information. For blind astronauts, the priority would be to design suits with better flexibility and increased touch feedback, so the hands could be used more easily to explore and control tools. Generally speaking, in a serious accident, the first thing to go might be the lights! This often means that the first thing a sighted astronaut must do for security is ensure visual access to the environment. He hunts for a flashlight, and if emergency lighting comes on, his eyes take a moment to adjust. Meanwhile, the blind astronaut is already heading toward the source of the problem. In the fire aboard the Russian Mir space station in 1997, the crew struggled as smoke blocked their view. The blind astronaut, while still affected by the lack of good air, would not be bothered by either dull lighting or heavy smoke. She would accurately direct the fire extinguisher at the source of heat and noise. Furthermore, a blind astronaut won’t feel the sickness caused by the lack of a visual horizon nor be lost by the frightening view during space walks. Similarly, there would be little reason to worry about the damage microgravity does to vision as fluid accumulates in the eye. So as a space observer, I strongly believe spaceflight can be made safer with a blind crewmate aboard. 12．What does the author imply in the first paragraph about being an astronaut? A．The dream to be an astronaut fades with age. B．Astronauts should be physically perfect. C．One with disability can also be an astronaut. D．Physical standards are not important. 13．What’s the real problem during Chris Hadfield’s spacewalk? A．He depended too much on his eyesight. B．He ignored other sensory information. C．He was unable to see anything in space. D．He was influenced by tears in his helmet. 14．The author mentions the fire aboard the Russian Mir space station to show blind astronauts __________. A．are better than common astronauts B．may have quicker reaction to danger C．can put things into their correct place D．are good at using fire extinguishers 15．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The future of spaceflight. B．The dilemma of spaceflight. C．The blind astronauts’ prospects. D．The blind astronauts’ advantages. 【答案】12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了残疾人（盲人）也能成为宇航员的优势。 12．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“In fact, survival chances for any long-term mission will be greatly improved by loosening the restrictions until all people, regardless of disability, are able to be astronauts. (事实上，通过放宽限制，直到所有人，无论是否残疾，都能成为宇航员，任何长期任务的生存机会都会大大提高。)”可知，作者在第一段暗示了残疾人也可以成为宇航员。故选C。 13．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“On a spacewalk in 2001, Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield was temporarily blinded by a combination of soap and tears inside his helmet. The real problem was not that he was unable to see, but it was that the current spacesuit design forces astronauts to over-rely on hand-eye cooperation to the exclusion of other useful sensory information. (在2001年的一次太空行走中，加拿大宇航员Chris Hadfield被头盔内的肥皂和泪水暂时弄瞎了眼睛。真正的问题不是他看不见，而是目前的宇航服设计迫使宇航员过度依赖手眼合作，排除了其他有用的感官信息。)”可知，Chris Hadfield太空行走时真正的问题是过于依赖视力，而忽视了其他有用的感官信息。故选A。 14．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Meanwhile, the blind astronaut is already heading toward the source of the problem. In the fire aboard the Russian Mir space station in 1997, the crew struggled as smoke blocked their view. The blind astronaut, while still affected by the lack of good air, would not be bothered by either dull lighting or heavy smoke. She would accurately direct the fire extinguisher at the source of heat and noise. (与此同时，这位盲人宇航员已经朝着问题的根源前进。1997年，在俄罗斯和平号空间站发生火灾时，由于烟雾阻挡了他们的视线，机组人员奋力挣扎。盲人宇航员虽然仍然受到缺乏良好空气的影响，但不会被昏暗的灯光或浓烟所困扰。她会准确地将灭火器对准热源和噪音源。)”可知，作者提到俄罗斯和平号空间站的火灾是为了表明盲人宇航员对危险的反应可能更快。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。由文章第四段“Furthermore, a blind astronaut won’t feel the sickness caused by the lack of a visual horizon nor be lost by the frightening view during space walks. Similarly, there would be little reason to worry about the damage microgravity does to vision as fluid accumulates in the eye. So as a space observer, I strongly believe spaceflight can be made safer with a blind crewmate aboard. (此外，盲人宇航员不会因为缺乏视野而感到恶心，也不会因为太空行走时的可怕景色而迷失方向。同样，也没有理由担心微重力对眼睛中液体积聚造成的视力损害。因此，作为一名太空观察者，我坚信有一名盲人机组人员在太空飞行时会更安全。)”可知，本段主要讲述了盲人宇航员的优势。故选D。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （24-25高二上·安徽宿州·期中）Without these things, our daily lives would look much different. Some of us couldn’t watch television. Some of us couldn’t figure out how to navigate from one place to another when traveling. Some of us could be endangered by bad weather that we didn’t know was coming. 16 Man-made satellites, of course! Man-made satellites are machines that humans launch into orbit, usually around the Earth. The Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite— Sputnik 1— on October 4, 1957. The United States launched its first artificial satellite— Explorer 1— about four months later. 17 Would you have ever guessed there are that many satellites up there in the sky, traveling around the Earth over and over again? 18 Satellites like the Hubble Space Telescope, the International Space Station, and the Russian Mir space station help scientists explore space in new and exciting ways. Communications satellites help us communicate with people all over the world. Weather satellites help us observe the Earth from space to help predict weather patterns. Radio and television satellites send us our favorite songs, movies, and television shows for us to enjoy. There’s even a group of satellites that make up the Global Positioning System（GPS）. 19 Satellites are launched into orbits at different distances from Earth. Some may be as close as 150 miles above Earth, while others may be as far away as 20,000 miles or more. When satellites stop working, they become orbiting “space junk” until gravity pulls them back to Earth. Although at least one piece of space junk returns to Earth every day, it’s rare that anyone ever notices. 20 A．What are we talking about? B．How many satellites are there in space? C．So no need to worry that the sky is falling! D．Satellites can be sent to orbit other planets, too. E．Man-made satellites are used for various purposes. F．Without these satellites, we might get lost while traveling. G．Over 3,000 satellites have been launched into space since then. 【答案】16．A 17．G 18．E 19．F 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造卫星在通信、导航、天气预报和太空探索等方面的作用。 16．空格前的句子“Without these things, our daily lives would look much different. Some of us couldn’t watch television. Some of us couldn’t figure out how to navigate from one place to another when traveling. Some of us could be endangered by bad weather that we didn’t know was coming.(如果没有这些东西，我们的日常生活将会大不相同。我们中的一些人不能看电视。我们中的一些人在旅行时不知道如何从一个地方导航到另一个地方。我们中的一些人可能会受到我们不知道的坏天气的威胁。)”提到“these things”的重要性，但未提及“these things”指的是什么。而空格后的“Man-made satellites, of course!(当然是人造卫星了！)”显然是回答的某一问题，所以，空格处的句子肯定是问上文的“these things”指的是什么。所以，A项“What are we talking about?(我们在说什么？)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选A项。 17．根据空格后的句子“Would you have ever guessed there are that many satellites up there in the sky, traveling around the Earth over and over again?(你有没有想过天空中有那么多的卫星，一遍又一遍地围绕地球运行？)”可知，空格处的句子肯定提到“天空中有很多卫星”的事，所以，G项“Over 3,000 satellites have been launched into space since then.(从那时起，已经有3000多颗卫星被发射到太空。)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选G项。 18．空格处的句子是该部分的主题句。根据下文的内容“Satellites like the Hubble Space Telescope, the International Space Station, and the Russian Mir space station help scientists explore space in new and exciting ways. Communications satellites help us communicate with people all over the world. Weather satellites help us observe the Earth from space to help predict weather patterns. Radio and television satellites send us our favorite songs, movies, and television shows for us to enjoy.(哈勃太空望远镜、国际空间站和俄罗斯和平号空间站等卫星帮助科学家以新的、令人兴奋的方式探索太空。通信卫星帮助我们与世界各地的人通信。气象卫星帮助我们从太空观察地球，帮助预测天气模式。广播和电视卫星给我们发送我们最喜欢的歌曲、电影和电视节目让我们欣赏。)”可知，该部分说的是各类卫星的作用，所以，E项“Man-made satellites are used for various purposes.(人造卫星有各种用途。)”填入空格处，可以作为该段的主题句，符合语境。故选E项。 19．上文的内容“Satellites like the Hubble Space Telescope, the International Space Station, and the Russian Mir space station help scientists explore space in new and exciting ways. Communications satellites help us communicate with people all over the world. Weather satellites help us observe the Earth from space to help predict weather patterns. Radio and television satellites send us our favorite songs, movies, and television shows for us to enjoy.(哈勃太空望远镜、国际空间站和俄罗斯和平号空间站等卫星帮助科学家以新的、令人兴奋的方式探索太空。通信卫星帮助我们与世界各地的人通信。气象卫星帮助我们从太空观察地球，帮助预测天气模式。广播和电视卫星给我们发送我们最喜欢的歌曲、电影和电视节目让我们欣赏。)”主要说了各类卫星的作用，根据空格前的句子“There’s even a group of satellites that make up the Global Positioning System (GPS).(甚至还有一组卫星组成了全球定位系统)”可知，空格处的句子应该接着说GPS的作用，所以，F项“Without these satellites, we might get lost while traveling.(没有这些卫星，我们可能会在旅行中迷路。)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选F项。 20．根据空格前的句子“Although at least one piece of space junk returns to Earth every day, it’s rare that anyone ever notices.(尽管每天至少有一块太空垃圾返回地球，但很少有人注意到。)”可知，尽管每天都会有人造卫星形成的太空垃圾返回地球，但几乎没人注意到，也就是说，空格处的句子应该接着说我们不必担心这些太空垃圾对地球的影响。所以，C项“So no need to worry that the sky is falling!(所以不用担心天要塌下来了！)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选C项。 第二部分语言运用(共三节，满分35分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （24-25高二上·湖南邵阳·期中）I’m not allowed to touch the moon rocks. This is the lab where the Johnson Space Center 21 the original samples that the Apollo astronauts 22 to the earth decades ago. As I stare at the rocks through glass, Charis, my tour guide, says in a 23 voice: No touching the moon rocks. Before 24 this clean room, I remove all my jewelry. My guide and I cover our shoes with blue-paper booties and step into full-body jumpsuits. We then 25 gloves and a hair cover. Finally, we spend a full minute standing in an air shower, under a steady light wind 26 from ceiling to floor to 27 us of any fine dust. Inside the clean room, the rocks are kept in 28 , pressurized containers. Only five sample processors in the world get to routinely handle these 29 stones. They preserve and prepare the samples for studies. To pick up an Apollo rock, they must use special tools, following pretty strict 30 about touching samples. All the 31 is to protect the 382 kilograms of rocks lifted from the moon. “One big 32 belief is that the Apollo samples aren’t being studied any more and that they only tell us about the moon,” says Charis. “Neither of those is true.” Keeping priceless samples away from curious 33 allowed scientists to make one of the most surprising lunar 34 of the last 50 years: The moon is wet. Those samples are still offering fresh details about how the 35 — and the entire solar system — formed and developed. 21．A．accumulates B．stores C．tests D．analyzes 22．A．brought B．sent C．donated D．introduced 23．A．thoughtful B．sensitive C．eager D．firm 24．A．leaving B．inspecting C．entering D．observing 25．A．reach for B．deal with C．put on D．inquire about 26．A．blowing B．shooting C．sweeping D．rising 27．A．warn B．assure C．remind D．clear 28．A．useful B．secure C．empty D．new 29．A．precious B．strange C．clean D．previous 30．A．schedules B．laws C．rules D．orders 31．A．effort B．sacrifice C．arrangement D．reform 32．A．uncommon B．contradictory C．impractical D．mistaken 33．A．minds B．looks C．fingers D．questions 34．A．attempts B．fortune C．reservation D．discoveries 35．A．sun B．moon C．earth D．universe 【答案】21．B 22．A 23．D 24．C 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．C 31．A 32．D 33．C 34．D 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了阿波罗任务带回地球的月球岩石的保存和研究过程。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是休斯顿太空中心储存阿波罗宇航员几十年前带回地球的原始样品的实验室。A. accumulates积累；B. stores储存；C. tests测试；D. analyzes分析。根据后文“the original samples”可知，此处指储存月球岩石样品。故选B。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. brought带来；B. sent发送；C. donated捐献；D. introduced介绍。根据后文“to the earth decades ago”和背景常识，可知阿波罗宇航员将月球岩石带回地球。故选A。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我透过玻璃凝视着岩石时，我的导游查理斯用坚定的声音说：不要触摸月球岩石。A. thoughtful体贴的; B. sensitive敏感的; C. eager渴望的; D. firm坚定的。根据句意及后文“No touching the moon rocks”可知，这里表达我的导游查理斯用坚定的声音说。故选D。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：进入这个洁净室之前，我要摘掉所有的首饰。A. leaving离开；B. inspecting检查；C. entering进入；D. observing观察。根据后文“I remove all my jewelry. My guide and I cover our shoes with blue-paper booties and step into full-body jumpsuits. ”可知，此处指进入洁净室之前的步骤。故选C。 25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我和我的导游给鞋子套上蓝色纸制套靴，穿上全身工作服。A. reach for伸手去够；B. deal with处理；C. put on穿上；D. inquire about询问。根据后文“gloves and a hair cover”可知，此处指穿上相应的防护装备。故选C。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我们花整整一分钟站在风淋室中，从天花板到地板吹过淡淡的风，以清理我们身上的细小灰尘。A. blowing吹；B. shooting发射；C. sweeping扫；D. rising上升。根据前文“under a steady light wind”可知，这里指风在吹。故选A。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我们花整整一分钟站在风淋室中，从天花板到地板吹过淡淡的风，以清理我们身上的细小灰尘。A. warn警告；B. assure确保；C. remind提醒；D. clear清除。根据后文“any fine dust”可知，这套设备的目的是清除灰尘。故选D。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在洁净室内，岩石保存在安全加压的容器中。A. useful有用的；B. secure安全的；C. empty空的；D. new新的。根据后文“pressurized containers”以及安全和保存要求，容器需要是安全的。故选B。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有世界上五位样品处理者可以常规处理这些珍贵的石头。A. precious珍贵的；B. strange奇怪的；C. clean干净的；D. previous之前的。根据后文“They preserve and prepare the samples for studies”结合这些阿波罗任务带回地球的月球岩石的稀有性可知，岩石被称为“珍贵的”。故选A。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们必须使用特殊工具来拿取阿波罗岩石，并遵循非常严格的规则触碰样品。A. schedules日程；B. laws法律；C. rules规则；D. orders命令。根据前文“they must use special tools”结合句意分析操作要求，需遵循特定规则。故选C。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的努力都是为了保护从月球带回的382公斤岩石。A. effort努力；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. arrangement安排；D. reform改革。根据前文“ They preserve and prepare the samples for studies. To pick up an Apollo rock, they must use special tools, following pretty strict 10 about touching samples. ”可知描述了保护岩石的辛勤工作，因此是“努力”。故选A。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个大错是认为阿波罗样本不再被研究，只能告诉我们有关月球的事情。A. uncommon不常见的；B. contradictory矛盾的；C. impractical不切实际的；D. mistaken错误的。根据后文“the Apollo samples aren’t being studied any more and that they only tell us about the moon,” says Charis. “Neither of those is true.”可知，这种想法是错误的。故选D。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：将无价样品远离好奇的手指让科学家做出过去50年最惊人的月球发现之一：月球是湿的。A. minds思想；B. looks外观；C. fingers手指；D. questions问题。根据前文“Keeping priceless samples away from”推断，此处指避免好奇的人触碰样品。故选C。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. attempts尝试；B. fortune财富；C. reservation保留；D. discoveries发现。根据后文“ The moon is wet”可知，这句话是该样品帮助实现的新发现。故选D。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些样品仍在提供有关月球——以及整个太阳系——形成与发展的新细节。A. sun太阳；B. moon月球；C. earth地球；D. universe宇宙。根据前文的“The moon is wet”和后文“the entire solar system”以及全文都在描述月球岩石的保存和研究过程，所以此处应指“月球”。故选B。 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （24-25高二上·广东揭阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Currently under construction off the country’s northeast coast, the Dalian Jinzhou Bay International Airport will eventually cover 36 8-square-mile island with four runways and a 969,000 sq ft passenger terminal, according to an airport statement. Its operators aim 37 (handle) 80 million passengers per year across 540,000 flights, with the first phase due to open in 2035. “The country’s largest offshore airport is rising slowly from the sea level like the sunrise in the east,” 38 (read) a post by Dalian Jinzhou Bay International on Chinese social media platform WeChat. Once 39 (accomplish), it will become the world’s largest airport on an artificial island, surpassing both Hong Kong International Airport (HKG) and Japan’s Kansai Airport (KIX). “There have been great challenges to the construction,” Li Xiang, chief engineer of Dalian Airport Construction and Development Co., Ltd., told state-run local media in October, “as not only does the project have complex geological conditions and high drilling difficulty, 40 high demand in quality with a tight construction schedule is another challenge we have to take into account.” As it is, it is the city of Dalian, with a population of 7.5 million, 41 has long been a transport hub due to its proximity to Japan and South Korea. Dalian Zhoushuizi Airport, the city’s international airport, 42 has been operating for nearly a century, has already met its maximum capacity and 43 (expand) several times these years, according to YiCai Global, a state-linked newspaper. The city started site selection and 44 (demonstrate) work on the new airport in 2003, but construction only began in earnest a few years ago. China’s aviation 45 (boom) fast, new airports are a key part and surprisingly, the country is on track to pass the United States and become the world’s largest air travel market. 【答案】 36．an 37．to handle 38．reads 39．accomplished 40．but 41．that 42．which 43．has been expanded 44．demonstration 45．Booming 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了正在建设中的大连金州湾国际机场，包括其规模、规划、建设面临的挑战，以及大连现有机场的情况和中国航空业的发展等内容。 36．考查冠词。句意：根据机场的一份声明，目前正在该国东北海岸外建设的大连金州湾国际机场最终将覆盖一座8平方英里的岛屿，拥有四条跑道和一个96.9万平方英尺的客运航站楼。可数名词island在句中表示“一座……岛屿”，泛指，且“8-square-mile”发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：其运营方的目标是每年通过54万次航班接待8000万名乘客，第一阶段预计于2035年开放。aim to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“目标是做某事”，用不定式作宾语。故填to handle。 38．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：大连金州湾国际机场在中国社交媒体平台微信上的一篇帖子写着：“这个国家最大的海上机场正像东方的日出一样，从海平面缓缓升起。”read(写着)是谓语动词，与主语a post之间是主动关系，描述现在的情况用一般现在时态，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填reads。 39．考查状语从句的省略。句意：一旦建成，它将成为世界上最大的人工岛机场，超过香港国际机场(HKG)和日本的关西机场(KIX)。在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。句中“Once____(accomplish)”是时间状语从句，原句为“Once it is accomplished”，符合状语从句省略条件，省略it is后，应保留过去分词accomplished。故填accomplished。 40．考查连词。句意：“建设面临着巨大的挑战，”大连机场建设发展有限公司总工程师李翔10月对当地官方媒体表示，“因为该项目不仅地质条件复杂、钻探难度大，而且工期紧张对质量的高要求是我们必须考虑的另一个挑战。”not only...but (also)...是复合连词，意为“不但……而且……”。故填but。 41.考查强调句。句意：事实上，拥有750万人口的大连市长期以来一直是一个交通枢纽，因为它靠近日本和韩国。分析句子结构可知，此句是强调句，其结构为“It is/was +被强调部分+ that/who +其他部分”，此处被强调部分是原句主语“the city of Dalian, with a population of 7.5 million”，句子其他用that引出。故填that。42.考查定语从句。句意：据国有报纸《第一财经》报道，大连周水子国际机场作为该市的国际机场，已经运营了近一个世纪，已经达到了最大容量，并且这些年已经扩建了好几次。“____ has been operating for nearly a century”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Dalian Zhoushuizi Airport，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 43.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：据国有报纸《第一财经》报道，大连周水子国际机场作为该市的国际机场，已经运营了近一个世纪，已经达到了最大容量，并且这些年已经扩建了好几次。expand(扩建)是并列谓语动词，与主语Dalian Zhoushuizi Airport之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“these years”可知，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是专有名词，谓语用单数形式。故填has been expanded。 44.考查名词。句意：该市于2003年开始新机场的选址和论证工作，但几年前才真正开始建设。提示词修饰名词work，用名词demonstration作定语，意为“证实，论证”，表类别；demonstration work“论证工作”。故填demonstration。 45.考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的航空业发展迅速，新机场是关键的一部分，令人惊讶的是，中国有望超过美国，成为世界上最大的航空旅行市场。“China’s aviation____(boom) fast”是独立主格结构作伴随状语，boom(迅速发展)与其逻辑主语China’s aviation之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填booming。 第三节词汇填空(共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分) 请认真阅读下列各题，根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。 46．His story is just as (戏剧的) as a film, only it’s remarkably real. 【答案】dramatic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的故事就像电影一样戏剧化，只是它非常真实。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要形容词dramatic“戏剧的”，构成as+adj+as结构。故填dramatic。 47．Bank officials clearly (应得) some of the blame to enhance their responsibility. 【答案】deserve 【详解】考查动词。句意：银行官员显然应当承担部分责任以增强他们的责任感。根据汉语提示可知，空处使用动词deserve“应得”，在句中作谓语。句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是officials，谓语动词用原形。故填deserve。 48．I was so confused that I could hardly (使镇静) my emotions. 【答案】compose 【详解】考查动词。句意：我很困惑，几乎无法控制自己的情绪。根据句意及汉语提示，可知为compose。设空处为so...that...引导的结果状语从句中的谓语，空前为情态动词，设空处为动词原形的形式。故填compose。 49．The orchestra played Mozart’s (交响乐) No. 35 in D Major and gave people a gentle sense. 【答案】symphony 【详解】考查名词。句意：管弦乐队演奏了莫扎特的D大调第35号交响乐，并给人一种温和的感觉。根据汉语提示可知，应用名词symphony“交响乐”。Mozart’s symphony No. 35 in D Majo“莫扎特的D大调第35号交响乐”在句中作宾语。故填symphony。 50．Jobs in the space industry go far beyond the (宇航员) that receive widespread media coverage. 【答案】astronauts 【详解】考查名词。句意：航天工业的工作远远超出了媒体广泛报道的宇航员。根据汉语提示“宇航员”可知，此处为名词astronaut，作宾语，定语从句引导词that指代astronaut，结合谓语动词“receive”可知，使用名词复数形式。故填astronauts。 51．The writer wanted to leave a (永久的) message, so she carved her words into the wall of the library. 【答案】permanent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位作家想留下一个永久的信息，所以她把自己的文字刻在了图书馆的墙上。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“永久的”应用permanent，为形容词，在本句中作定语修饰后面名词。故填permanent。 52．Extended (暴露) to sunlight without proper protection can lead to severe skin damage and increase the risk of skin cancer. 【答案】exposure 【详解】考查名词。句意：在没有适当保护的情况下长时间暴露在阳光下会导致严重的皮肤损伤，并增加患癌症的风险。根据汉语提示可知，这里应用exposure，为不可数名词，在句中作主语。故填exposure。 53．She made an excuse to explain her a from the meeting last week. 【答案】absence/bsence 【详解】考查名词。句意：她找了个借口来解释她上周缺席会议的原因。根据首字母a可知，本空用名词absence“缺席”，作explain的宾语。故填absence。 54．The traffic policeman usually wear reflective vests to make themselves highly v at night in order to ensure their safety on the road. 【答案】visible/isible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：交通警察通常穿反光背心，以便在夜间使自己高度可见，从而确保他们在路上的安全。本句为“make+名词+形容词”，根据句意和首字母提示，形容词visible作宾语补足语。故填visible。 55．Mutual learning is c (重要的) to international exchanges and cooperation today. 【答案】crucial/rucial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：相互学习对当今的国际交流与合作至关重要。根据中英文提示可知，此处使用形容词crucial，作表语。故填crucial。 第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节应用文写作(满分15分) 明天的英语课轮到你作主题发言，请你以“中国神舟19号飞船(Shenzhou-19 spacecraft)发射成功”为主题写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1.发射时间：2024年10月30日4时27分； 2.你的感想。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Good morning, everyone, I’m excited to share with you the successful launch of China’s Shenzhou-19 spacecraft. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 【答案】Good morning, everyone, I’m excited to share with you the successful launch of China’s Shenzhou-19 spacecraft. It took place on October 30, 2024, at 4:27 AM. This achievement marks another significant milestone in China’s space exploration efforts. I feel immense pride knowing that our scientists and engineers have worked tirelessly to make this possible. The launch symbolizes our nation’s commitment to advancing technology and exploring the unknown. I believe that Shenzhou-19 will pave the way for future missions, inspiring young people to dream big and pursue careers in science and space. Thank you! 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“中国神舟19号飞船(Shenzhou-19 spacecraft)发射成功”为主题写一篇发言稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重要的：significant → momentous 巨大的：immense → tremendous 激励：inspire → motivate 追求：pursue → go after 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The launch symbolizes our nation’s commitment to advancing technology and exploring the unknown. 拓展句：The launch symbolizes our nation’s commitment that we can advance technology and explore the unknown. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I feel immense pride knowing that our scientists and engineers have worked tirelessly to make this possible. (运用了现在分词作状语和that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】I believe that Shenzhou-19 will pave the way for future missions, inspiring young people to dream big and pursue careers in science and space. (运用了that引导的宾语从句以及现在分词作状语) 第二节读后续写(满分20分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 （24-25高二上·河南驻马店·阶段练习） A young girl named Nova had always been fascinated by space travel and dreamed of exploring the stars one day. She spent hours reading books about the planets and galaxies and her room was filled with star charts in models of spacecraft. Nova also loved to repair machines. Always curious about how things worked, she would take apart gadgets (小器具) and put them back together. She even built her own telescope to look up at the night sky. Her parents encouraged her curiosity, gifting her a comprehensive engineering kit on her 10th birthday. Nova spent countless hours mastering the kit, learning everything from basic circuitry (电路) to complex mechanical systems. One day, she signed up for the “Little Astronaut Simulation (模拟) Competition”. The selection process was strict, but Nova’s professional skills in mechanics helped her a lot. What’s more, during her training, Nova learned more complex skills. Fortunately, Nova succeeded. She was selected to join a team of simulation astronauts on a mission to explore a distant planet. Nova was excited and she brought along her toolkit just in case and hoped that her skills could contribute to the mission. As the spaceship flew through the galaxy, Nova admired breathtaking views of stars and planets. She felt weightless and free, like she was flying through the universe. The crew members bonded over shared stories in the dreams, each bringing a unique skill set to the team. Nova quickly became the go-to person for any technical issues. She believed that her toolkit and knowledge would provide invaluable service during the journey. Later, the team encountered a problem. The simulation spaceship’s engine malfunctioned and they became trapped in space. They were running out of oxygen and supplies, and the nearest planet was light years away. Many of them were scared and unsure of what to do. But Nova refused to be afraid. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Finally, they landed back on the earth. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 But Nova refused to be afraid. Fetching her carry-on toolkit quickly and calmly, she began checking the problem with the engine firstly. So focused and brave was Nova that her spirit of courage inspired other astronauts, who set their fear aside, all working together with Nova tirelessly. After what seemed a century, Nova was the first to identify the problem with her rich knowledge. Then, they discussed the solution together, applying what they had learned to the challenging task. Thanks to Nova’s professional skills in mechanics, they made it eventually. As the spaceship roared back to life, they all cheered with joy. Finally, they landed back on the earth. Undoubtedly, the entire group was the winner in the competition. Besides, it was Nova who received special recognition for her great contributions. Her ability to remain calm under huge pressure and her impressive repair skills had successfully turned a dangerous situation into a successful mission. She had proved that anything was possible with hard work and determination. Feeling a sense of pride and accomplishment, Nova dreamed of being a true space explorer to make more contributions in the near future. Actually, she had taken a huge step towards her big dream. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个名叫诺瓦的年轻女孩一直对太空旅行着迷，梦想着有一天能去探索星星。诺瓦还喜欢修理机器。有一天，她报名参加了“小航天员模拟比赛”。幸运的是，Nova成功了。她被选中加入一个模拟宇航员小组，执行探索遥远星球的任务。后来，团队遇到了一个问题。模拟飞船的引擎出了故障，他们被困在了太空中。他们中的许多人都很害怕，不知道该怎么办。但是诺瓦冷静应对，解决了问题，让团队平安返回了地球。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“但是诺瓦拒绝害怕”可知，第一段可描写诺瓦检查出了问题，凭借专业技能解决了问题。②由第二段首句内容“最后，他们回到了地球上”可知，第二段可描写团队返回地球，诺瓦因其巨大的贡献而受到了特别的认可。 2.续写线索：诺瓦拒绝害怕——发现问题——解决问题——回到地球——诺瓦得到嘉奖——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类①检查：check/examine②发现：identify/find/recognize③成功：make it/succeed 情绪类①快乐：joy/happiness②不知疲倦地：tirelessly/ indefatigably 【点睛】[高分句型1] As the spaceship roared back to life, they all cheered with joy. (运用了as引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] Besides, it was Nova who received special recognition for her great contributions. (运用了强调句) ( 14 / 22 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$