Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 【单元卷•考点卷】(单词短语句型语法)-2024-2025 学年高一英语单元速记•巧练（译林版2020必修第三册）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 (时间：60分钟，满分：100分) 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40分) 1．Drinking herbal tea daily is widely thought to be (benefit), especially by senior citizens. 2．The variety of food at the restaurant is (limit), but the amount of each dish is fairly large. 3．The advances in modern technology can significantly improve patient’s chance of (survive). 4．I (intend) to respond in a straightforward way to persuade them bat soon realized that this wouldn’t work. 5．A (short) of funds is preventing the UN from monitoring relief. 6．A successful man should have courage, determination and (wise). 7． (look) at the starry sky, the girl lay on the grass, (bury) in thought. 8．The exhibition features more than 200 works (select) from the 18,000 sent to the contest. 9． (load) with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions. 10． (compare) with team sports, individual sports like swimming require more self-discipline. 11．There’s no doubt that the consumers are still very (sense) to the price. 12． (inspire) by those players, Jake hoped to join his school’s football team. 13．A study (involve) long-distance runners is being done at the Medical Center. 14．As senior high school students, we are supposed to take (responsible) for our own study. 15．Like his father, Martin earned his living as a farmer, but he grew crops with (science) methods. 16．Palestinians have long demanded that refugees (难民) (permit) to return home. 17．Some doctors believe (ignore) is a good thing and don’t give their patients all the facts. 18．For that reason, he (apply), and became a volunteer teacher in a village school. 19．He was regarded as the most remarkable scientist in this (evolve) field of all time. 20．If you have the (nation) of a particular country, you’ll have the legal right to be a citizen. 21．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause). 22．I take my time over every spoonful, enjoying the perfect (marry) of rice and milk. 23．She has confidence in the theory (base) on practice. 24． (base) on a true story, the film will become a hit as soon as it is released. 25．The council will not permit you (build) such a high building near the park. 26．They are campaigning for (free) of information. 27．He seemed to take for granted that he should speak as a representative. 28．The boy who failed in the exam let his parents a lot. 29．She could not entirely apply (she) to the arrangements for her wedding. 30．Their final decision was (negate) the agreement, a choice that would have far-reaching consequences for both parties involved 31．Most colleges now offer first­year students a course specially (design) to help them succeed academically and personally. 32．Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students. 33．We expect to see further improvement over the (come) year. 34．An urban area is the region (surround) and including a city. 35．These presses are of little significance, (indicate) that they are trivial and worthless. 36．He spoke in a temperate manner, not (favor) either side especially. 37．He was caught (try) to flee the country. 38．The winning team returned home in triumph, (receive) cheers and applause from their fans at the airport. 39．By 2030, Germany plans on having over 6 million (charge) stations installed. 40．Susan is a very (intelligence) woman who knows her own mind. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．Children are inspired not to obey blindly, which is b (有益于) to their critical thinking. 2．Due to the unexpected snowstorm, the school decided to p the annual sports day until the weather improved. 3．The results of the e (实验) confirmed our earlier predictions. 4．The doctors believe that, with the new medicine, patients’ chance of s will be improved. 5．In times of disaster, people must unify and show the (智慧) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 6．Her flight p taking off because of the bad weather yesterday. 7．Having realized that your time is (有限的), you’ll have to study for your goals without hesitation. 8．I had i to go travelling with you, but I was too busy. 9．The police officers are c (组织、安排) an investigation throughout the nation. 10．The scientist (提到) to global warming at least three times in his speech. 11．The evidence presented was (充足的) to prove his innocence. 12．There are many grammar and spelling (错误) in the composition. 13．The artist used a series of vibrant colors to (给书或文章加插图) the depth and complexity of the emotions experienced by the characters in the novel. 14．One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the   (提取物) from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. 15．Children often begin to question their parents’ a (权力，权威) at a very early age. 16．A 59-year-old man learnt how to a for work online and found a great job in the end. 17．Time (允许), we can have a walk along the river after supper. 18．Protecting the environment is the r of each one of us. 19．Parents should i themselves in the education of their children. 20．NASA (to tell people sth. officially or publicly) Thursday that it’s looking for a partner who can take on that task. 三．按照要求完成句子(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 1．His mother never   (提及) him again after he died at the age of 10. 2．All of his individual extra practice hours (有了回报). 3． her studies (埋头学习), she lost track of time and forgot about the party. (bury) 4．The old files (替换) the updated ones are doomed to be burnt down. 5． (以……为基础) the true story of Zhang Guimei, the film is extremely touching. 6． (如果努力工作), you will succeed.    (现在分词作状语) 7．He told us many (激动人心的事情)last night.   (现在分词作定语) 8．We outside the gate(把他留在门外哭泣). (现在分词作补语) 9．I (申请) four universities and was accepted by all of them. 10．对学习方式做一些小的改变会比较容易。 It’s quite easy to make some small changes to . 11．If you still keep silent, I (认为......理所当然) that you agree. 12．Britain and France responded by (对……宣战) Germany, but took little action. 13．I trusted him but he (让我失望). 14．养成制定学习计划的习惯对我们是有好处的。（动名词作主语） 15．我们原本打算发起各种活动来提高公众对塑料污染问题的意识，但我们人手不足。（intend） 16．该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。（it作形式主语） 17．手语(sign language)对于耳聋或听力不佳的人来说非常重要。(be of+n.) 18．焦虑又紧张，Jack在房间里走来走去，陷入沉思。(形容词作状语) 19．汪洋是我们学校第一个被北京大学录取的学生。 (动词不定式短语作后置定语) Wang Yang was Peking University in our school. 20．我转过身来发现他朝我走来，向前摆动双脚时，他的弱小身体左右摇晃。（find+宾语+宾语补足语） I turned to , his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward. ( 4 / 5 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 (时间：60分钟，满分：100分) 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40分) 1．Drinking herbal tea daily is widely thought to be (benefit), especially by senior citizens. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：每天喝草药茶被广泛认为是有益的，特别是受到老年人的认可。提示词作表语，用形容词beneficial，意为“有益的”，表明逻辑主语“Drinking herbal tea”的性质。故填beneficial。 2．The variety of food at the restaurant is (limit), but the amount of each dish is fairly large. 【答案】limited 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这家餐厅的食物种类有限，但每道菜的量都相当大。根据句意以及空前is为系动词可知，此处为形容词limited“有限的”作表语，满足句意要求。故填limited。 3．The advances in modern technology can significantly improve patient’s chance of (survive). 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：现代技术的进步能显著提高病人的生存机会。设空处应填名词作介词of的宾语，survive的名词形式是survival。故填survival。 4．I (intend) to respond in a straightforward way to persuade them bat soon realized that this wouldn’t work. 【答案】intended 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我本打算直截了当地说服他们，但很快就意识到这行不通。根据句中“soon realized”可知，动作发生在过去，因此用一般过去时，所给词intend的过去式是intended。故填intended。 5．A (short) of funds is preventing the UN from monitoring relief. 【答案】shortage 【详解】考查名词。句意：资金短缺让联合国无法监管救济工作。a shortage of，表示“短缺”为固定短语。故填shortage。 6．A successful man should have courage, determination and (wise). 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：一个成功的人应该有勇气、决心和智慧。根据and可知，空处应和courage以及determination并列，所以应填名词作宾语，wise的名词形式是wisdom。故填wisdom。 7． (look) at the starry sky, the girl lay on the grass, (bury) in thought. 【答案】 Looking buried 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看着繁星点点的天空，女孩躺在草地上，陷入了沉思。第一空look与girl构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，首字母大写；第二空为短语be buried in表示“陷入”，此处过去分词作状语。故填①Looking；②buried。 8．The exhibition features more than 200 works (select) from the 18,000 sent to the contest. 【答案】selected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这次展览的展品多达200件，这些作品是从寄送到比赛的18,000件作品中挑选出来的。本句谓语为features，此处需要用非谓语动词形式，且works与select“挑选”为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填selected。 9． (load) with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions. 【答案】Loaded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：船队载着瓷器、丝绸、茶叶等珍品，先后对30多个国家和地区进行了友好访问。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语，短语be loaded with意为“装载着”，load和the fleet逻辑上是被动关系，因此用load的过去分词形式，作状语，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Loaded。 10． (compare) with team sports, individual sports like swimming require more self-discipline. 【答案】Compared 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与团队运动相比，像游泳这样的个人运动需要更多的自律。此处作状语，compare与其逻辑主语individual sports与之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Compared。 11．There’s no doubt that the consumers are still very (sense) to the price. 【答案】sensitive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：毫无疑问，消费者对价格仍然非常敏感。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用形容词sensitive“敏感的”，作表语。be sensitive to意为“对……敏感”。故填sensitive。 12． (inspire) by those players, Jake hoped to join his school’s football team. 【答案】Inspired 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受到这些球员的鼓舞，杰克希望加入学校的足球队。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词hoped，所以inspire用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语Jake之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Inspired。 13．A study (involve) long-distance runners is being done at the Medical Center. 【答案】involving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：医学中心正在进行一项涉及长跑运动员的研究。此处作定语，修饰study，study与involve之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填involving。 14．As senior high school students, we are supposed to take (responsible) for our own study. 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为高中生，我们应该为自己的学习负责。此处为名词作宾语，responsible的名词为responsibility意为“责任”，take responsibility for意为“为……负责”。故填responsibility。 15．Like his father, Martin earned his living as a farmer, but he grew crops with (science) methods. 【答案】scientific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：像他的父亲一样，马丁以务农为生，但他用科学的方法种植庄稼。空格处作定语，修饰空格后的名词methods，用形容词scientific。故填scientific。 16．Palestinians have long demanded that refugees (难民) (permit) to return home. 【答案】should be permitted/be permitted 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：巴勒斯坦人长期以来一直要求允许难民返回家园。此处宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略；且permit与主语构成被动关系，故填should be permitted/be permitted。 17．Some doctors believe (ignore) is a good thing and don’t give their patients all the facts. 【答案】ignorance 【详解】考查名词。句意：一些医生认为无知是好事，并且他们不会告诉病人所有的事实。此处作宾语从句的主语，表示“无知”应用所给词“ignore”的名词形式ignorance，不可数名词。故填ignorance。 18．For that reason, he (apply), and became a volunteer teacher in a village school. 【答案】applied 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：出于这个原因，他申请了，并成为了一所乡村学校的志愿者教师。设空处为谓语，与became是并列成分，应用一般过去时。故填applied。 19．He was regarded as the most remarkable scientist in this (evolve) field of all time. 【答案】evolution 【详解】考查名词。句意：他一直被认为是进化论领域最杰出的科学家。根据句意及空后名词field可知，句中表示“进化论领域”，设空处应用名词evolution作定语修饰field。故填evolution。 20．If you have the (nation) of a particular country, you’ll have the legal right to be a citizen. 【答案】nationality 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你有某个国家的国籍，你就有成为公民的合法权利。空处需填名词nationality“国籍”，作宾语，根据空后“of a particular country”可知，表示某一个特定国家的国籍，应用单数形式。故填nationality。 21．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause). 【答案】 that/which causes 【详解】考查定语从句和名词复数。句意：该综述的两位作者还在2014年发表了一项研究，该研究表明，每天跑步5到10分钟就能降低患心脏病和各种原因导致的过早死亡的风险。空1引导限制性定语从句。先行词为a study，指物，应用关系代词that或which引导从句，作主语。由前文all可知，空2应用名词复数，作介词from的宾语。故空1填that/which；故空2填causes。 22．I take my time over every spoonful, enjoying the perfect (marry) of rice and milk. 【答案】marriage 【详解】考查名词。句意：每舀一勺，我都不费口舌，享受着米饭和牛奶的完美结合。空格处位于形容词之后，因此需要填入名词；marry的名词为marriage；此处特指，所以用单数。故填marriage。 23．She has confidence in the theory (base) on practice. 【答案】based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她对建立在实践基础上的理论有信心。句子已有谓语has，空处是非谓语，作theory的后置定语，theory和动词base“以……为基础”逻辑上是被动关系，因此用base的过去分词形式。故填based。 24． (base) on a true story, the film will become a hit as soon as it is released. 【答案】Based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部电影根据真实故事改编，一上映就会引起轰动。句中谓语是will become，空格处用非谓语动词，the film和base之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Based。 25．The council will not permit you (build) such a high building near the park. 【答案】to build 【详解】考查不定式。句意：委员会不会允许你在公园附近建造这么高的大楼。permit sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。故填to build。 26．They are campaigning for (free) of information. 【答案】freedom 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们正在为信息自由而进行活动。空处应填所给词的名词形式freedom“自由”作宾语，为不可数名词。故填freedom。 27．He seemed to take for granted that he should speak as a representative. 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意：他似乎认为自己作为代表发言是理所当然的。根据“ take...for granted that he should speak as a representative.”可知，that从句为宾语从句，作宾语，空处缺少it作形式宾语。take...for granted意为“认为……是理所当然的”为固定短语。故填it。 28．The boy who failed in the exam let his parents a lot. 【答案】down 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：那个考试不及格的男孩使他的父母很失望。结合句意可知，此处考查动词短语let sb down“让某人失望”，故填down。 29．She could not entirely apply (she) to the arrangements for her wedding. 【答案】herself 【详解】考查代词。句意：她不能完全投入到婚礼的筹备中。apply oneself to...意为“投身于……，专注于……”，为固定短语。根据主语she可知，此处使用反身代词herself“她自己”，作宾语。故填herself。 30．Their final decision was (negate) the agreement, a choice that would have far-reaching consequences for both parties involved 【答案】to negate 【详解】考查不定式作表语。句意：他们最终的决定是否定这个协议，这个选择将对双方都会产生深远的影响。negate是个动词，意思是“否决”。横线前有was，说明横线处应该将negate变成to do的形式充当表语，表示将来发生的动作。故答案填to negate。 31．Most colleges now offer first­year students a course specially (design) to help them succeed academically and personally. 【答案】designed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数高校现在为一年级学生提供专门设计的课程，以帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，在句中作定语，修饰前面的名词course；所填词与该名词之间是被动的关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填designed。 32．Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students. 【答案】spent 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词remembers，所以spend用非谓语形式，pend和happy time是被动关系，这里用过去分词做后置定语，修饰happy time。故填spent。 33．We expect to see further improvement over the (come) year. 【答案】coming 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们预计明年会有进一步的改善。分析句子可知，这里考查形容词作定语，修饰后面名词year，coming表“即将到来的”，为形容词。故填coming。 34．An urban area is the region (surround) and including a city. 【答案】surrounding 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：市区是指城市周围并包括城市在内的区域。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语， 且the region与surround为主动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用现在分词作定语。故填surrounding。 35．These presses are of little significance, (indicate) that they are trivial and worthless. 【答案】indicating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些印刷机意义不大，表明它们微不足道，毫无价值。此处为非谓语，动词indicate和前文整体之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作状语，表示结果。故填indicating。 36．He spoke in a temperate manner, not (favor) either side especially. 【答案】favoring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他说话温和，不偏袒任何一方。此处为非谓语，动词favor和主语之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作状语，表示结果。故填favoring。 37．He was caught (try) to flee the country. 【答案】trying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他试图逃离这个国家时被抓住了。catch sb doing sth是固定句型，现在分词作补足语，本句用其被动结构。故填trying。 38．The winning team returned home in triumph, (receive) cheers and applause from their fans at the airport. 【答案】receiving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：获胜的队伍胜利归来，在机场受到球迷的欢呼和掌声。此处为非谓语，动词receive和主语之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作状语，表示结果。故填receiving。 39．By 2030, Germany plans on having over 6 million (charge) stations installed. 【答案】charging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。到2030年，德国计划安装600多万个充电站。根据句意可知，此处应用动名词作定语，相当于stations for charging。故填charging。 40．Susan is a very (intelligence) woman who knows her own mind. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】intelligent　 【详解】考查形容词。句意：苏珊是个非常聪明、有主见的女人。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词woman，用形容词形式intelligent，作定语。故填intelligent。 二、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．Children are inspired not to obey blindly, which is b (有益于) to their critical thinking. 【答案】beneficial/eneficial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：孩子们被鼓励不要盲目服从，这有利于他们的批判性思维。根据句意及汉语提示可知，形容词beneficial表示“有益的”，be beneficial to表示“对……有益”，符合句意。故填beneficial。 2．Due to the unexpected snowstorm, the school decided to p the annual sports day until the weather improved. 【答案】postpone/ostpone 【详解】考查动词。句意：由于意外的暴风雪，学校决定推迟一年一度的运动会，直到天气好转。根据“Due to the unexpected snowstorm”和首字母提示可推知，空处应用动词postpone，意为“推迟，延迟”，且此处用decide to do表示“决定做某事”，postpone需用原形。故填postpone。 3．The results of the e (实验) confirmed our earlier predictions. 【答案】experiment/xperiment 【详解】考查名词。句意：实验的结果证实了我们早先的预测。“实验”作of宾语，根据首字母提示，用名词experiment，结合句意，特指一个实验，用单数形式。故填experiment。 4．The doctors believe that, with the new medicine, patients’ chance of s will be improved. 【答案】survival/urvival 【详解】考查名词。句意：医生们相信，有了这种新药，病人的生存机会将会提高。根据句意和首字母s以及空格前的介词of可知，空格处应该用名词survival作宾语。故填survival。 5．In times of disaster, people must unify and show the (智慧) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：在灾难时刻，人们必须团结一致，展现智慧，保持积极的态度，为更光明的未来重建。根据单词汉语提示及空前的show the可知应填名词形式wisdom，作宾语，意为“智慧”。故填wisdom。 6．Her flight p taking off because of the bad weather yesterday. 【答案】postponed/ostponed 【详解】考查动词。句意：由于昨天天气不好，她乘坐的航班推迟了起飞。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用动词postpone，结合后文yesterday可知为一般过去时。故填postponed。 7．Having realized that your time is (有限的), you’ll have to study for your goals without hesitation. 【答案】limited 【详解】考查形容词。句意：意识到你的时间是有限的，你必须毫不犹豫地为你的目标而学习。表示“有限的”使用形容词limited，作表语。故填limited。 8．I had i to go travelling with you, but I was too busy. 【答案】intended/ntended 【详解】考查动词。句意：我本来打算和你一起去旅行的，但我太忙了。“打算”可使用动词intend，空处需使用动词过去分词形式与had共同构成过去完成时，had intended表示“本来打算”。故填intended。 9．The police officers are c (组织、安排) an investigation throughout the nation. 【答案】conducting/onducting 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：警察正在全国范围内组织调查。根据所给汉语提示“组织、安排”，其英文为conduct，是动词，根据句意可知，句子为现在进行时态，空处应填动词现在分词形式。故填conducting。 10．The scientist (提到) to global warming at least three times in his speech. 【答案】referred 【详解】考查动词。句意：这位科学家在演讲中至少三次提到全球变暖。结合空后的“to”可知，“提到”应用动词refer，短语refer to意为“提及，提到”，且句子应该是描述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式形式。故填referred。 11．The evidence presented was (充足的) to prove his innocence. 【答案】adequate/sufficient 【详解】考查形容词。句意：所提供的证据足以证明他的清白。结合“to prove his innocence”可知，“充足的”应用形容词adequate或sufficient，作表语。故填adequate/sufficient。 12．There are many grammar and spelling (错误) in the composition. 【答案】errors 【详解】考查名词。句意：这篇作文中有许多语法和拼写错误。根据汉语提示“错误”可知，此处为名词error，作主语，many修饰可数名词复数形式。故填errors。 13．The artist used a series of vibrant colors to (给书或文章加插图) the depth and complexity of the emotions experienced by the characters in the novel. 【答案】illustrate 【详解】考查动词。句意：这位艺术家使用了一系列鲜明的色彩来描绘小说中人物所经历的情感深度和复杂性。根据句意及汉语提示可知，空处应填动词illustrate“给书或文章加插图，说明”，动词不定式符号to后应用动词原形。故填illustrate。 14．One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the   (提取物) from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. 【答案】extract 【详解】考查名词。句意：四世纪的一篇医学文献建议使用甜艾草的提取物来治疗发烧。“提取物”extract，用于定冠词the之后，使用名词形式作using的宾语。故填extract。 15．Children often begin to question their parents’ a (权力，权威) at a very early age. 【答案】authority/uthority 【详解】考查名词。句意：孩子们往往在很小的时候就开始质疑父母的权威。根据单词首字母以及句意“权力，权威”可知，应填名词authority，作宾语，authority为不可数名词。故填authority。 16．A 59-year-old man learnt how to a for work online and found a great job in the end. 【答案】apply/pply 【详解】考查动词。句意：一名59岁的男子学会了如何在网上求职，最终找到了一份好工作。根据句意和首字母可知，此处应用动词apply“申请”，空前to是不定式符号，应用动词原形。故填apply。 17．Time (允许), we can have a walk along the river after supper. 【答案】permitting 【详解】考查动词。句意：时间允许的话，晚饭后我们可以沿河散步。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处应用动词permit，句中谓语是can have，空格处用非谓语动词，Time和permit 之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，此处是独立主格结构。故填permitting。 18．Protecting the environment is the r of each one of us. 【答案】responsibility/esponsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：保护环境是我们每个人的责任。根据句意和首字母可知，此空应填responsibility，表“责任”，为名词，在本句中作表语，the responsibility of...， 表示“……的责任”，为固定搭配。故填responsibility。 19．Parents should i themselves in the education of their children. 【答案】involve/nvolve 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：父母应该参与孩子的教育。短语involve oneself in，意为“参与”，符合句意和首字母，接在should后，应用动词原形，故填involve。 20．NASA (to tell people sth. officially or publicly) Thursday that it’s looking for a partner who can take on that task. 【答案】declared 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：美国宇航局周四宣布，它正在寻找一个可以承担这项任务的合作伙伴。根据英文提示“to tell people sth. officially or publicly(正式地或公开地告诉人们某事)”可知，应是动词“declare”，意为“公布；宣布；宣告”，在句中作谓语动词，结合语境，可用一般过去时，动词用过去式形式。故填declared。 三．按照要求完成句子(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 1．His mother never   (提及) him again after he died at the age of 10. 【答案】 referred to 【详解】考查短语。句意：他10岁离世后，他母亲再也没有提起过他。refer to提及。根据从句时态可知，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填referred to。 2．All of his individual extra practice hours (有了回报). 【答案】paid off/have paid off 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：他所有个人的额外练习时间都有了回报。“有了回报”作谓语，用动词短语pay off，与主语复数名词hours之间是主动关系，此处可以是描述过去的动作，用一般过去时态paid off，也可以是表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时态have paid off。故填paid off/have paid off。 3． her studies (埋头学习), she lost track of time and forgot about the party. (bury) 【答案】Buried in/Burying herself in 【详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，句子中已经有谓语动词lost和forgot，所以空白处应使用非谓语动词形式。根据汉语提示“埋头”可知，这里使用短语be buried in，此处省略be动词，因空白处与其逻辑主语she之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式作状语，表示原因，也可使用bury oneself in：埋头于，bury与the scientist是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填Buried in/Burying herself in。 4．The old files (替换) the updated ones are doomed to be burnt down. 【答案】replaced by 【详解】考查动词。句意：被更新的文件取代的旧文件注定要被烧毁。根据所给句子分析可知，本句中are doomed为谓语动词，因此此处为非谓语动词，作定语修饰先行词the old files。“替换”可使用动词replace，replace与the old files为被动关系，应用过去分词。replaced by“被……取代”。故填replaced by。 5． (以……为基础) the true story of Zhang Guimei, the film is extremely touching. 【答案】 Based on 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部电影根据张桂梅的真实故事改编，非常感人。“以……为基础”be based on，在句中作状语，去掉be动词，使用过去分词形式作状语，based置于句首，首字母大写。故填Based on。 6． (如果努力工作), you will succeed.    (现在分词作状语) 【答案】Working hard 【详解】考查现在分词作状语。表示“如果努力工作”用work hard，动词work和主语之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作状语，表示条件。句首字母大写。故填Working hard。 7．He told us many (激动人心的事情)last night.   (现在分词作定语) 【答案】exciting things 【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据many可知，表示“激动人心的事情”为名词复数短语exciting things，动词excite“使激动”和所修饰的名词things之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作定语，exciting已转化为形容词。故填exciting things。 8．We outside the gate(把他留在门外哭泣). (现在分词作补语) 【答案】left him crying 【详解】考查时态和现在分词。设空处意思是“留在门外哭泣”，“留在”用动词leave，描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，宾语是“他”译为him，“哭泣”译为cry，作宾补，和宾语him之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作补足语。故填left him crying。 9．I (申请) four universities and was accepted by all of them. 【答案】 applied to 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：我申请了四所大学，都被录取了。“向……申请”应该用固定搭配apply to；描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故填applied to。 10．对学习方式做一些小的改变会比较容易。 It’s quite easy to make some small changes to . 【答案】the way that/in which you study 【详解】考查定语从句。“方式”使用名词way，作宾语，表示特指，其前用定冠词修饰，“学习”使用动词study，译为一个定语从句，修饰名词way，从句主语使用you，关系词在从句中作状语，使用that或in which引导，是固定用法，句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，故填the way that/in which you study。 11．If you still keep silent, I (认为......理所当然) that you agree. 【答案】will take it for granted 【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。句意：如果你仍然保持沉默，我就理所当然地认为你同意了。根据汉语提示“认为……理所当然”应用动词短语take it for granted，if引导的条件状语从句使用一般现在时，主句使用一般将来时。故填will take it for granted。 12．Britain and France responded by (对……宣战) Germany, but took little action. 【答案】declaring war on/declaring war against 【详解】考查动词短语和动名词。句意：英国和法国对德国宣战作为回应，但他们几乎没有采取行动。by doing sth “通过做某事”。“对……宣战”为“declare war on/against。故填declaring war on/against。 13．I trusted him but he (让我失望). 【答案】let me down 【详解】考查时态和固定短语。句意：我信任他，但他让我失望了。根据中文提示可知，表示“让我失望”可用let me down，且由trusted可知，这里时态也应用一般过去时。故填let me down。 14．养成制定学习计划的习惯对我们是有好处的。（动名词作主语） 【答案】Forming the habit of making plans for our study is beneficial to us. 【详解】考查动名词作主语。句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，表示“养成制定学习计划的习惯”用动词短语form habit of making plans for our study，此处使用动名词作主语，为单数，句子构成主系表结构，be动词用is；表示“有好处的”用形容词beneficial作表语，表示“对我们”使用介词短语to us。故翻译为Forming the habit of making plans for our study is beneficial to us. 15．我们原本打算发起各种活动来提高公众对塑料污染问题的意识，但我们人手不足。（intend） 【答案】We had intended to launch various activities to raise public awareness of the problem of plastic pollution, but we were understaffed. 【详解】考查动词。表示“原本打算做某事”应用动词短语had intended to do sth，表示计划去做某事；“发起各种活动”翻译为launch various activities，其中launch表示发起；“提高意识”表达为raise awareness of，此处使用动词不定式作目的状语，“塑料污染问题”，构成名词短语the problem of plastic pollution，作of的宾语；“我们人手不足”翻译为we were understaffed，understaffed表示缺少人手，为主系表结构。故翻译为We had intended to launch various activities to raise public awareness of the problem of plastic pollution, but we were understaffed.。 16．该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。（it作形式主语） 【答案】It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 【详解】考查形式主语、状语从句、动词短语和时态。分析句子可知，句子描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时；“It seemed that…”是固定句型，表示“似乎……”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句；“喜欢某物如此之多以至于……”可以翻译为“like sth. so much that…”；“从水泵抽上来的水”翻译为“the water from the pump”；“让别人做某事”可以翻译为“have sth. done”；“让人把水运到家里”翻译为“have it delivered to her house”；“每天”翻译为“every day”。故翻译为It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day。 17．手语(sign language)对于耳聋或听力不佳的人来说非常重要。(be of+n.) 【答案】Sign language is of great importance for people who/that are deaf or have poor hearing. 【详解】考查句子结构，介词短语。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语“手语”为sign language；系动词be用is；用of+n表示“非常重要”为of great importance；表示“对于……来说”用介词for；表示“耳聋或听力不佳的人”为people who/that are deaf or have poor hearing，who/that限制性定语从句修饰先行词people。句首字母大写，故翻译为Sign language is of great importance for people who / that are deaf or have poor hearing. 18．焦虑又紧张，Jack在房间里走来走去，陷入沉思。(形容词作状语) 【答案】Nervous and anxious, he walked up and down the room, lost in thought. 【详解】考查形容词，时态和短语。根据句意，用一般过去时，“紧张又焦虑”译为Nervous and anxious，用形容词作状语，说明主语Jack的感受，“在房间里走来走去”译为walk up and down the room，“陷入沉思”译为lost in thought，形容词短语作状语，故译为Nervous and anxious, he walked up and down the room, lost in thought. 19．汪洋是我们学校第一个被北京大学录取的学生。 (动词不定式短语作后置定语) Wang Yang was Peking University in our school. 【答案】the first student to be admitted into 【详解】考查动词不定式和动词短语。根据句意和题目要求，the first+n.+to do sth.表示“第一个做某事的……”，其中动词不定式to do作后置定语，修饰前面的名词；动词短语be admitted into表示“被……录取”，故“第一个被北京大学录取的学生”可译为the first student to be admitted into Peking University，符合句子和句意。故填the first student to be admitted into。 20．我转过身来发现他朝我走来，向前摆动双脚时，他的弱小身体左右摇晃。（find+宾语+宾语补足语） I turned to , his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward. 【答案】find him coming/walking to/towards me 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。空处表示“发现他朝我走来”，用find him coming/walking to/towards me，现在分词作宾补，turned to后用动词原形构成不定式。故填find him coming/walking to/towards me。 ( 11 / 14 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$