Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 【单元卷•测试卷】-2024-2025 学年高一英语单元速记•巧练（译林版2020必修第三册）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 __________ Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 测试卷 (时间：100分钟，满分：120分) 第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Throughout history, women have made significant contributions to the field of science. It is essential to shed light on the women of science, as their struggles and breakthroughs continue to inspire generations of scientists. Ada Lovelace Ada Lovelace, the daughter of the poet Lord Byron, is often regarded as the world’s first computer programmer. Her ground-breaking insights and analytical skills led her to write the first algorithm, imagining the potential of the machine to do more than just calculations. Lovelace’s vision made her well-known as a pioneer in the field. Rosalind Franklin Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray crystallography images played a vital role in understanding the structure of DNA．Her data, acquired through research, was used by James Watson and Francis Crick without her permission or acknowledgment. Franklin’s invaluable contributions to genetics and biology deserve recognition as they provided the key insights into the building blocks of life, yet her name is often overshadowed by her male colleagues. Lise Meitner Lise Meitner made ground-breaking discoveries in nuclear science. Meitner’s contributions to this field are celebrated today, as she paved the way for significant advancements in energy production and scientific understanding. Lise Meitner certainly deserves the place she has earned in the history of science. Mary Anning Mary Anning made remarkable discoveries during the early 19th century and won the respect of the scientists of her time. Anning unearthed the first complete bones of an ichthyosaur (鱼龙). Her pioneering work laid the foundation for the study of prehistoric life and helped shape our understanding of Earth’s history. 1．Who might be a physicist? A．Ada Lovelace. B．Rosalind Franklin. C．Lise Meitner. D．Mary Anning. 2．What made Ada Lovelace famous? A．Her hard work. B．Her great foresight. C．Her competitive spirit. D．Her high intelligence. 3．What do we know about Rosalind Franklin? A．She set up genetics. B．She is underestimated. C．She invented the X-ray crystallography. D．She helped her colleagues to acquire data. B （24-25高一上·湖南邵阳·期末）Edward O. Wilson, known as “ant man”, was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama. His parents divorced when he was young, and he was moved frequently throughout his childhood. Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination (着迷) with ants and their social structures. Wilson earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from the University of Alabama. In 1955, he received his Ph. D．from Harvard and worked there until retirement. Wilson’s early study of ants led to his first major discovery in 1959: how ants communicate through the release of chemical signals. Later, in 1990, Wilson and German biologist Bert Holldobler published their Pulitzer-winning The Ants. It detailed the insects’ social structure that was both valued by scholars and accessible to general readers. Another of Wilson’s major works started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Robert MacArthur. The pair published The Theory of Island Bio-geography, where they sought to explain why different places have different numbers of species. What many consider to be Wilson’s most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. The work explored the genetic roots of animal behavior and argued that genes shaped human behavior. Wilson faced accusations (谴责) for these ideas but his work finally largely proved true. In 1978, his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture peaked in On Human Nature, which won him a Pulitzer in 1979. Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 20 books. These accomplishments offered him a type of superstar status, but friends and colleagues say the polite Southerner remained down to earth. “Professor Wilson really listened and engaged with whomever he was interacting with,” said Corrie S. Moreau, who was one of Wilson’s final advisees. 4．What contributed to Wilson’s passion for ants? A．His accidental disability. B．His boyhood time spent in nature. C．The school education he received. D．The discovery he made about ants. 5．What is Wilson’s first Pulitzer-winning book about? A．The social structure of ants. B．The distribution of different species. C．The role of chemical signals in communication. D．The links between biology and human culture. 6．According to the last paragraph, which word best describes Wilson? A．Modest. B．Confident. C．Well-meaning. D．Independent. 7．What is the best title of this text? A．Discoveries in Evolutionary Biology. B．A Leading Figure in Popular Science. C．The Pioneering “Ant Man”. D．The Adventure of a Pulitzer Prize Winner. C （24-25高二上·江西·阶段练习）Two researchers were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics on Oct. 8, 2024, for their pioneering work in the field of artificial neural (神经的) networks. Though artificial neural networks are modeled on biological neural networks, both researchers’ work drew on statistical physics, therefore the prize in physics. The physicist John Hopfield used ideas from physics to study a particular type of neural network, now called the Hopfield network. In particular, he studied what happens to the network over time. During the 1980s, Geoffrey Hinton and his colleagues built on Hopfield’s ideas to create a new class of model. Unlike Hopfield networks that could store patterns and correct errors in patterns, the new model could generate new patterns, thereby planting the seeds of the modern generative AI revolution. Hinton was also part of another breakthrough that happened in the 1980s, which is a key algorithm (算法) that makes it possible to select weights based on the performance of the network on a training data set. However, it remained challenging to train artificial neural networks with many layers. In the 2000s, Hinton and his co-workers cleverly discovered an approach, and the deep learning revolution had begun. The Nobel Prize in physics shows how ideas from physics contributed to the rise of deep earning. Now deep learning has begun to pay back to physics by enabling accurate and fast simulations (模拟) of systems ranging from molecules and materials all the way to the entire Earth’s climate. By awarding the Nobel Prize in physics to Hopfield and Hinton, the prize committee has signaled its hope in humanity’s potential to use these advances to promote human well-being and to build a sustainable world. 8．Why were the two scientists awarded the Noble Prize in physics? A．They discovered neural networks. B．They invented artificial neural networks. C．They are excellent experts in statistical physics. D．They used methods in physics to study artificial neural networks. 9．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Geoffrey Hinton’s research. B．John Hopfield’s achievement. C．How modern generative AI revolution began. D．The cooperation between John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. 10．What has led to the deep learning revolution according to the passage? A．Deciding on a training data set. B．Training artificial neural networks. C．Hinton’s breakthrough in the 1980s. D．Finding a way to train multi-layer artificial neural networks. 11．What may be the influence of awarding the Nobel Prize in physics to Hopfield and Hinton? A．Simulations of systems will be more accurate. B．People will employ the development to benefit the Earth. C．More people will be interested in studying physics. D．Deep learning will play a more important role in our life. D Tu Youyou, an 84-year-old Chinese woman, was the first Chinese female scientist who was awarded a Nobel Prize for her work on 7 December, 2015. Her discovery of artemisinin (青蒿素) has led to the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions. Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang, China, on 30 December, 1930. She studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre. After graduation, she became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices. In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria — a disease that killed millions of people every year. Across the world, scientists had been trying to find a cure. They tested more than 240,000 chemicals with no success. However, Tu Youyou had an idea that Chinese herbs might hold the secret. She studied ancient Chinese medical literature and visited experts in traditional Chinese medicine. She researched hundreds of traditional recipes connected to anti-malarial cures. Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one. This was not an easy task because the team had limited resources. However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical. Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her. The test was a success. The medicine they discovered, artemisinin, has now become the world’s most effective drug for fighting malaria (疟疾). Tu’s work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds, saving millions of lives. She was noted for her bravery and her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals. Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age. 12．How did Tu Youyou obtain a deep knowledge about traditional practices? A．By reading ancient Chinese medical literature. B．By studying at Peking University Health Science Centre. C．By learning from experts in the field of Chinese medicine. D．By working in China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. 13．Why was it difficult for Tu Youyou and her team to find a cure for malaria? A．They didn’t have enough resources. B．They weren’t good at doing experiments. C．They could not find human subjects. D．They could not find a promising chemical. 14．What’s the underlined word “noted” mean? A．marked B．recorded C．attentive D．famous 15．Which of the following can best describe Tu Youyou? A．Independent and brave. B．Patient and confident. C．Outgoing and knowledgeable. D．Devoted and determined. 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Born in London on 28 November 1772, Luke Howard was interested in the weather from an early age 16 He was instead easily distracted (分心) by the clouds he could see through the window. He started his career as a pharmacist, producing and sending out medicines for people. 17 He soon became an amateur meteorologist (业余气象学者). In 1802, Howard presented his research in a lecture to the Askesian Society, a club for people who were interested in science. At this point, meteorology hadn't progressed as much as other sciences, because it was difficult to take observations when the weather was always changing. To take his observations, Howard did sketches (草图) of the clouds as they moved and changed in the sky. 18 Howard suggested that although the shapes of clouds were changing, there were three basic types of clouds in the sky, to which he gave Latin names. 19 . The second was“cumulus”, meaning heap (一堆) or pile. And the third was “stratus”, meaning layer or sheet. He also introduced four other cloud types to recognize the changing clouds when they are joining together or breaking apart. In 1803, he published his research in a paper called “On the Modifications of Clouds”. After the publication of Howard's research, the field of meteorology continued to develop. Scientists now have a much greater understanding of weather patterns (模式) all around the world. 20 Professor Liz Bentley, Chief Executive of the Royal Meteorological Society, said, “His scientific work helped us understand our climate.” A．There are now 10 types of clouds. B．But his true passion was meteorology. C．But it was Howard's work that started it all. D．He couldn't stay focused when he was at school. E．This helped him to recognize the forms we know today. F．Howard's findings also inspired the artist John Constable. G．The first was called “cirrus”, which means tendril or hair in Latin. 第二部分语言运用(共三节，满分35分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （24-25高一上·福建漳州·期中）Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good 21 . He makes full use of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts, and therefore 22 to accept authority (权威) 23 the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas 24 and makes experiments to prove them. The 25 of modern science may perhaps be considered to 26 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to 27 that we should learn science by observing and 28 on the things around us, and he himself 29 many important truths. Galileo (1564—1642), however, who lived more than 300 years later, was the most greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important truths could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 30 towards the earth than small ones, 31 Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 32 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s 33 of going direct to nature, and proving our opinions and theories by experiment, that has 34 all the discoveries of modern science. What makes those people good scientists? From the 35 of Galileo, we know clearly that successful scientists are those whose observations have produced better results. 21．A．farmer B．observer C．worker D．student 22．A．refuses B．desires C．intends D．regrets 23．A．to B．as C．with D．for 24．A．casually B．quickly C．carefully D．privately 25．A．adventure B．challenge C．influence D．rise 26．A．date B．keep C．look D．come 27．A．command B．suspect C．suggest D．conclude 28．A．casting B．pouring C．experimenting D．digesting 29．A．brought B．announced C．handled D．discovered 30．A．slowly B．rapidly C．lightly D．heavily 31．A．although B．because C．when D．if 32．A．big B．small C．similar D．unequal 33．A．spirit B．skill C．theory D．wish 34．A．put forward B．turned to C．set up D．led to 35．A．vision B．finding C．shadow D．instance 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （24-25高一上·山东济南·阶段练习） Yuan Longping, 36 (know) as the “father of hybrid rice”, was one of China’s most famous scientists. He was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue 37 career in science or medicine. However, 38 concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious 39 (short) of food to eat. 40 (tackle) this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. After graduating in 1953, he worked 41 a researcher, realising that larger fields were not the 42 (solve). Instead, farmers needed 43 (boost) yields in the fields they had. 44 this could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was 45 (convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 第三节词汇填空(共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分) 请认真阅读下列各题，根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。 36．Children are inspired not to obey blindly, which is b (有益于) to their critical thinking. 37．The results of the e (实验) confirmed our earlier predictions. 38．The doctors believe that, with the new medicine, patients’ chance of s will be improved. 39．Due to the unexpected snowstorm, the school decided to p the annual sports day until the weather improved. 40．In times of disaster, people must unify and show the (智慧) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 41．The above examples i (说明，阐明) that different preferences exist across languages for certain general patterns of reference. 42．Having realized that your time is (有限的), you’ll have to study for your goals without hesitation. 43．The police officers are c (组织、安排) an investigation throughout the nation. 44．The teacher together with three students was conducting an (实验) when I entered the laboratory. 45．The scientist (提到) to global warming at least three times in his speech. 第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节应用文写作(满分15分) 假设你是李华，你的美国的笔友Tom想要你给他介绍一位你最喜欢的伟大女性。请根据以下信息用英语写一封回信。要点如下： 1）她的基本信息（年龄，教育，成就等）； 2）你喜欢她的原因； 3）大家对她的评价； 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Tom, From your last letter, I know you want to know who is the great woman I like most. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节读后续写(满分20分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 We all could say that we have bad days to endure as we go through life, but what does it take to have a really good day? Some would suggest that a day would be great if everything they did turned out well, or they got exactly what they needed. On the other hand , have you ever thought that what you may give someone else may be the best day you ever had especially when you put someone else's well-being or happiness first on your list? There is special warmth available to you and that warmth can come from a helping hand, doing a small favor for a total stranger , or even a smile. I recall a day recently when I had to go to the hospital for an appointment because I wasn't feeling well and my doctor sent me to a specialist to try and determine the cause. As I drove to the hospital, I admittedly was feeling gloomy and certainly wasn't on top of my game. As I approached the hospital, I began my search for a parking spot, a spot that was hard to come with everyone else trying to do the same thing. I finally found a spot not too far from the entrance to the hospital. As I got out and brought my change out of my pocket, I noticed a man looking somewhat upset standing in front of a parking meter two cars away. He seemed to be searching his pockets for what I supposed was change for the meter. Although, I really didn't feel that great, I thought that I should at least go over to him and find out if I could help him. As I approached him, he turned to look at me, feeling at a loss not knowing what to do. I asked him if he had a problem I could help with, and he said, without hesitation, that he had no change at all because he left it in his house only thinking about visiting his sick wife. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Faced with such a situation, I reached into my pocket. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The funny thing was that I felt a lot brighter, and a small smile came to my face. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 10 / 11 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 __________ Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 测试卷 (时间：100分钟，满分：120分) 第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Throughout history, women have made significant contributions to the field of science. It is essential to shed light on the women of science, as their struggles and breakthroughs continue to inspire generations of scientists. Ada Lovelace Ada Lovelace, the daughter of the poet Lord Byron, is often regarded as the world’s first computer programmer. Her ground-breaking insights and analytical skills led her to write the first algorithm, imagining the potential of the machine to do more than just calculations. Lovelace’s vision made her well-known as a pioneer in the field. Rosalind Franklin Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray crystallography images played a vital role in understanding the structure of DNA．Her data, acquired through research, was used by James Watson and Francis Crick without her permission or acknowledgment. Franklin’s invaluable contributions to genetics and biology deserve recognition as they provided the key insights into the building blocks of life, yet her name is often overshadowed by her male colleagues. Lise Meitner Lise Meitner made ground-breaking discoveries in nuclear science. Meitner’s contributions to this field are celebrated today, as she paved the way for significant advancements in energy production and scientific understanding. Lise Meitner certainly deserves the place she has earned in the history of science. Mary Anning Mary Anning made remarkable discoveries during the early 19th century and won the respect of the scientists of her time. Anning unearthed the first complete bones of an ichthyosaur (鱼龙). Her pioneering work laid the foundation for the study of prehistoric life and helped shape our understanding of Earth’s history. 1．Who might be a physicist? A．Ada Lovelace. B．Rosalind Franklin. C．Lise Meitner. D．Mary Anning. 2．What made Ada Lovelace famous? A．Her hard work. B．Her great foresight. C．Her competitive spirit. D．Her high intelligence. 3．What do we know about Rosalind Franklin? A．She set up genetics. B．She is underestimated. C．She invented the X-ray crystallography. D．She helped her colleagues to acquire data. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几位对科学领域做出了重大贡献的女性。 1．细节理解题。根据Lise Meitner段落中“Lise Meitner made ground-breaking discoveries in nuclear science.(Lise Meitner在核科学方面有了突破性的发现。)”可知，Lise Meitner应该是核物理学家。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据Ada Lovelace段落中“Her ground-breaking insights and analytical skills led her to write the first algorithm, imagining the potential of the machine to do more than just calculations. Lovelace’s vision made her well-known as a pioneer in the field.(她开创性的洞察力和分析能力使她写出了第一个算法，想象了机器的潜力，不仅仅是计算。Lovelace的远见使她成为该领域的知名先驱。)”可知，是Ada Lovelace的远见使她出名的。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据Rosalind Franklin段落中“Franklin’s invaluable contributions to genetics and bi ology deserve recognition as they provided the key insights into the building blocks of life, yet her name is often overshadowed by her male colleagues.(Franklin对遗传学和生物学的宝贵贡献值得肯定，因为他们为生命的构成提供了关键的见解，但她的名字往往被她的男性同事所掩盖。)”可知，Rosalind Franklin被低估了。故选B项。 B （24-25高一上·湖南邵阳·期末）Edward O. Wilson, known as “ant man”, was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama. His parents divorced when he was young, and he was moved frequently throughout his childhood. Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination (着迷) with ants and their social structures. Wilson earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from the University of Alabama. In 1955, he received his Ph. D．from Harvard and worked there until retirement. Wilson’s early study of ants led to his first major discovery in 1959: how ants communicate through the release of chemical signals. Later, in 1990, Wilson and German biologist Bert Holldobler published their Pulitzer-winning The Ants. It detailed the insects’ social structure that was both valued by scholars and accessible to general readers. Another of Wilson’s major works started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Robert MacArthur. The pair published The Theory of Island Bio-geography, where they sought to explain why different places have different numbers of species. What many consider to be Wilson’s most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. The work explored the genetic roots of animal behavior and argued that genes shaped human behavior. Wilson faced accusations (谴责) for these ideas but his work finally largely proved true. In 1978, his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture peaked in On Human Nature, which won him a Pulitzer in 1979. Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 20 books. These accomplishments offered him a type of superstar status, but friends and colleagues say the polite Southerner remained down to earth. “Professor Wilson really listened and engaged with whomever he was interacting with,” said Corrie S. Moreau, who was one of Wilson’s final advisees. 4．What contributed to Wilson’s passion for ants? A．His accidental disability. B．His boyhood time spent in nature. C．The school education he received. D．The discovery he made about ants. 5．What is Wilson’s first Pulitzer-winning book about? A．The social structure of ants. B．The distribution of different species. C．The role of chemical signals in communication. D．The links between biology and human culture. 6．According to the last paragraph, which word best describes Wilson? A．Modest. B．Confident. C．Well-meaning. D．Independent. 7．What is the best title of this text? A．Discoveries in Evolutionary Biology. B．A Leading Figure in Popular Science. C．The Pioneering “Ant Man”. D．The Adventure of a Pulitzer Prize Winner. 【答案】4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了被誉为“蚁人”的美国生物学家爱德华·威尔逊的生平事迹和主要科学贡献。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination (着迷) with ants and their social structures.(威尔逊在森林和野生动物中长大。其中一次冒险让他双目失明，但也激发了他对蚂蚁及其社会结构的终身迷恋)”可知，威尔逊在大自然中度过的童年经历促成了他对蚂蚁的热情，故选B项。 5．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In 1978, his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture peaked in On Human Nature, which won him a Pulitzer in 1979.(1978年，他关于生物学在人类文化中的作用的观点在《论人性》一书中达到顶峰，这本书为他赢得了1979年的普利策奖)”可知，威尔逊的第一本获得普利策奖的书是关于生物学和人类文化之间的关系的，故选D项。 6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“These accomplishments offered him a type of superstar status, but friends and colleagues say the polite Southerner remained down to earth. “Professor Wilson really listened and engaged with whomever he was interacting with,” said Corrie S. Moreau, who was one of Wilson’s final advisees.(这些成就为他提供了一种巨星的地位，但朋友和同事说，这位彬彬有礼的南方人仍然脚踏实地。“威尔逊教授真的认真倾听，与他交流的人交流，”威尔逊最后的顾问之一Corrie S. Moreau说)”可推理出威尔逊教授很谦虚，故选A项。 7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Edward O. Wilson, known as “ant man”, was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama.( Edward O. Wilson，人称“蚁人”，1929年6月10日出生在阿拉巴马州的伯明翰)”以及第六段“What many consider to be Wilson’s most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. The work explored the genetic roots of animal behavior and argued that genes shaped human behavior.(许多人认为威尔逊对进化生物学最重要的贡献出现在1975年，当时他出版了《社会生物学：新合成》。这项工作探索了动物行为的遗传根源，并认为基因塑造了人类的行为)”可知，本文介绍了被誉为“蚁人”的美国生物学家爱德华·威尔逊的生平事迹和主要科学贡献，C项““蚁人”的先驱”表达的含义适合用作本文标题，故选C项。 C （24-25高二上·江西·阶段练习）Two researchers were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics on Oct. 8, 2024, for their pioneering work in the field of artificial neural (神经的) networks. Though artificial neural networks are modeled on biological neural networks, both researchers’ work drew on statistical physics, therefore the prize in physics. The physicist John Hopfield used ideas from physics to study a particular type of neural network, now called the Hopfield network. In particular, he studied what happens to the network over time. During the 1980s, Geoffrey Hinton and his colleagues built on Hopfield’s ideas to create a new class of model. Unlike Hopfield networks that could store patterns and correct errors in patterns, the new model could generate new patterns, thereby planting the seeds of the modern generative AI revolution. Hinton was also part of another breakthrough that happened in the 1980s, which is a key algorithm (算法) that makes it possible to select weights based on the performance of the network on a training data set. However, it remained challenging to train artificial neural networks with many layers. In the 2000s, Hinton and his co-workers cleverly discovered an approach, and the deep learning revolution had begun. The Nobel Prize in physics shows how ideas from physics contributed to the rise of deep earning. Now deep learning has begun to pay back to physics by enabling accurate and fast simulations (模拟) of systems ranging from molecules and materials all the way to the entire Earth’s climate. By awarding the Nobel Prize in physics to Hopfield and Hinton, the prize committee has signaled its hope in humanity’s potential to use these advances to promote human well-being and to build a sustainable world. 8．Why were the two scientists awarded the Noble Prize in physics? A．They discovered neural networks. B．They invented artificial neural networks. C．They are excellent experts in statistical physics. D．They used methods in physics to study artificial neural networks. 9．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Geoffrey Hinton’s research. B．John Hopfield’s achievement. C．How modern generative AI revolution began. D．The cooperation between John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. 10．What has led to the deep learning revolution according to the passage? A．Deciding on a training data set. B．Training artificial neural networks. C．Hinton’s breakthrough in the 1980s. D．Finding a way to train multi-layer artificial neural networks. 11．What may be the influence of awarding the Nobel Prize in physics to Hopfield and Hinton? A．Simulations of systems will be more accurate. B．People will employ the development to benefit the Earth. C．More people will be interested in studying physics. D．Deep learning will play a more important role in our life. 【答案】8．D 9．C 10．D 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了两位科学家因为将物理学方法应用于人工神经网络研究而获得诺贝尔物理学奖。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Two researchers were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics on Oct. 8, 2024, for their pioneering work in the field of artificial neural (神经的) networks. Though artificial neural networks are modeled on biological neural networks, both researchers’ work drew on statistical physics, therefore the prize in physics.(2024年10月8日，两位研究人员因其在人工神经网络领域的开创性工作而被授予诺贝尔物理学奖。虽然人工神经网络是以生物神经网络为模型，但两位研究人员的工作都借鉴了统计物理学，因此获得了物理学奖。)”可知，他们获奖的原因是用物理学的方法研究人工神经网络。故选D。 9．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The physicist John Hopfield used ideas from physics to study a particular type of neural network, now called the Hopfield network. In particular, he studied what happens to the network over time. During the 1980s, Geoffrey Hinton and his colleagues built on Hopfield’s ideas to create a new class of model. Unlike Hopfield networks that could store patterns and correct errors in patterns, the new model could generate new patterns, thereby planting the seeds of the modern generative AI revolution.(物理学家约翰·霍普菲尔德利用物理学的思想研究了一种特定的神经网络，现在被称为霍普菲尔德网络。特别是，他研究了网络随时间变化的情况。在20世纪80年代，杰弗里·辛顿和他的同事们基于霍普菲尔德的思想创造了一类新的模型。与只能存储模式并纠正模式中的错误的霍普菲尔德网络不同，这个新模型能够生成新的模式，从而为现代生成式人工智能革命埋下了种子。)”可知，本段主要讲述了现代生成式人工智能革命是如何开始的。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段提到“In the 2000s, Hinton and his co-workers cleverly discovered an approach, and the deep learning revolution had begun.(在21世纪，Hinton和他的同事们巧妙地发现了一种方法，深度学习革命由此开始。)”可知，找到了一种训练多层人工神经网络的方法导致了深度学习革命。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““By awarding the Nobel Prize in physics to Hopfield and Hinton, the prize committee has signaled its hope in humanity’s potential to use these advances to promote human well-being and to build a sustainable world.(通过将诺贝尔物理学奖授予Hopfield和Hinton，诺贝尔奖委员会表达了它对人类利用这些进步来促进人类福祉和建设可持续世界的潜力的希望。)”可知，将诺贝尔物理学奖授予Hopfield和Hinton可能会产生的影响是人们将利用这一发展造福地球。故选B。 D Tu Youyou, an 84-year-old Chinese woman, was the first Chinese female scientist who was awarded a Nobel Prize for her work on 7 December, 2015. Her discovery of artemisinin (青蒿素) has led to the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions. Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang, China, on 30 December, 1930. She studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre. After graduation, she became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices. In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria — a disease that killed millions of people every year. Across the world, scientists had been trying to find a cure. They tested more than 240,000 chemicals with no success. However, Tu Youyou had an idea that Chinese herbs might hold the secret. She studied ancient Chinese medical literature and visited experts in traditional Chinese medicine. She researched hundreds of traditional recipes connected to anti-malarial cures. Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one. This was not an easy task because the team had limited resources. However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical. Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her. The test was a success. The medicine they discovered, artemisinin, has now become the world’s most effective drug for fighting malaria (疟疾). Tu’s work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds, saving millions of lives. She was noted for her bravery and her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals. Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age. 12．How did Tu Youyou obtain a deep knowledge about traditional practices? A．By reading ancient Chinese medical literature. B．By studying at Peking University Health Science Centre. C．By learning from experts in the field of Chinese medicine. D．By working in China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. 13．Why was it difficult for Tu Youyou and her team to find a cure for malaria? A．They didn’t have enough resources. B．They weren’t good at doing experiments. C．They could not find human subjects. D．They could not find a promising chemical. 14．What’s the underlined word “noted” mean? A．marked B．recorded C．attentive D．famous 15．Which of the following can best describe Tu Youyou? A．Independent and brave. B．Patient and confident. C．Outgoing and knowledgeable. D．Devoted and determined. 【答案】12．C 13．A 14．D 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了屠呦呦及其团队攻克疟疾，发现青蒿素的过程。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.”（后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习了两年半的中医，对传统医疗实践有了深入的了解。）可知，屠呦呦通过跟随中医领域的专家学习，从而对传统医疗实践有了深入的了解。故选C项。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“This was not an easy task because the team had limited resources.”（这不是一项容易的任务，因为团队的资源有限。）可知，屠呦呦的团队很难找到治疗疟疾的方法是因为他们没有足够的资源。故选A项。 14．词句猜测题。根据最后一段第二句“She was noted for her bravery and her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals.”（她以勇敢和运用旧智慧和新方法实现目标的能力而noted。）并结合屠呦呦的医学贡献可知，她勇于尝试的精神，融合旧智慧和新方法最终实现目标，攻克疟疾的能力是有目共睹的，故推知noted应表示“出名的”。故选D项。 15．推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“She researched hundreds of traditional recipes connected to anti-malarial cures. Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.”（她研究了数百种与抗疟疾疗法有关的传统配方。然后屠呦呦和她的团队开始用现代研究方法逐一研究这些中草药。）及第四段第二句“However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical.”（然而，经过数百次失败的实验，他们最终发现了一种很有前景的化学物质。）及最后一段最后一句“Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age.”（如今，屠呦呦尽管年事已高，仍在继续从事科研工作。）可知，屠呦呦为了帮助人类治疗疟疾进行了无数的研究与失败，但她从未放弃，最终得以攻克疟疾，现在仍在为科研事业奉献自身。说明她拥有坚强的意志力和献身精神。故选D项。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Born in London on 28 November 1772, Luke Howard was interested in the weather from an early age 16 He was instead easily distracted (分心) by the clouds he could see through the window. He started his career as a pharmacist, producing and sending out medicines for people. 17 He soon became an amateur meteorologist (业余气象学者). In 1802, Howard presented his research in a lecture to the Askesian Society, a club for people who were interested in science. At this point, meteorology hadn't progressed as much as other sciences, because it was difficult to take observations when the weather was always changing. To take his observations, Howard did sketches (草图) of the clouds as they moved and changed in the sky. 18 Howard suggested that although the shapes of clouds were changing, there were three basic types of clouds in the sky, to which he gave Latin names. 19 . The second was“cumulus”, meaning heap (一堆) or pile. And the third was “stratus”, meaning layer or sheet. He also introduced four other cloud types to recognize the changing clouds when they are joining together or breaking apart. In 1803, he published his research in a paper called “On the Modifications of Clouds”. After the publication of Howard's research, the field of meteorology continued to develop. Scientists now have a much greater understanding of weather patterns (模式) all around the world. 20 Professor Liz Bentley, Chief Executive of the Royal Meteorological Society, said, “His scientific work helped us understand our climate.” A．There are now 10 types of clouds. B．But his true passion was meteorology. C．But it was Howard's work that started it all. D．He couldn't stay focused when he was at school. E．This helped him to recognize the forms we know today. F．Howard's findings also inspired the artist John Constable. G．The first was called “cirrus”, which means tendril or hair in Latin. 【答案】16．D 17．B 18．E 19．G 20．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了卢克·霍华德对气象学做出的贡献。 16．根据下文“He was instead easily distracted by the clouds he could see through the window. ”（相反，他很容易被透过窗户看到的云分散注意力）可知，选项承接下文与下文话题一致，说的都是他不能注意力集中的事情。故D选项“他在学校时不能集中注意力。”切题。故选D项。 17．根据上文“He started his career as a pharmacist, producing and sending out medicines for people.”（他的职业生涯始于药剂师，为人们生产和分发药品）根据下文“He soon became an amateur meteorologist (业余气象学者).”（他很快就成了一名业余气象学家）可知，选项与上文为转折关系且引起下文，说明他真正热爱的是气象学。故B选项“但他真正热爱的是气象学”切题。meteorology呼应meteorologist (业余气象学者)。故选B项。 18．根据上文“To take his observations, Howard did sketches (草图) of the clouds as they moved and changed in the sky.”（为了进行观察，霍华德画了云在天空中移动和变化的草图）可知，选项承接上文说明这么做的作用是什么。故E选项“这帮助他认识到我们今天所知道的云的形状”切题。故选E项。 19．根据下文“The second was“cumulus”, meaning heap (一堆) or pile.”（第二个是“积云”，意思是堆或堆。）可知，选项与下文为并列关系，说明的是第一种类型的云。故G选项“第一种叫做“卷云”，在拉丁语中是卷须或毛发的意思”切题。故选G项。 20．根据上文“After the publication of Howard's research, the field of meteorology continued to develop. Scientists now have a much greater understanding of weather patterns (模式) all around the world.”（霍华德的研究发表后，气象学领域继续发展。科学家们现在对世界各地的天气模式有了更深入的了解。）可知，选项承接上文说明科学家们现在对世界各地的天气模式有了更深入的了解的原因。故C选项“但这一切都是从霍华德的工作开始的”切题。故选C项。 第二部分语言运用(共三节，满分35分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （24-25高一上·福建漳州·期中）Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good 21 . He makes full use of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts, and therefore 22 to accept authority (权威) 23 the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas 24 and makes experiments to prove them. The 25 of modern science may perhaps be considered to 26 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to 27 that we should learn science by observing and 28 on the things around us, and he himself 29 many important truths. Galileo (1564—1642), however, who lived more than 300 years later, was the most greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important truths could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 30 towards the earth than small ones, 31 Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 32 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s 33 of going direct to nature, and proving our opinions and theories by experiment, that has 34 all the discoveries of modern science. What makes those people good scientists? From the 35 of Galileo, we know clearly that successful scientists are those whose observations have produced better results. 21．A．farmer B．observer C．worker D．student 22．A．refuses B．desires C．intends D．regrets 23．A．to B．as C．with D．for 24．A．casually B．quickly C．carefully D．privately 25．A．adventure B．challenge C．influence D．rise 26．A．date B．keep C．look D．come 27．A．command B．suspect C．suggest D．conclude 28．A．casting B．pouring C．experimenting D．digesting 29．A．brought B．announced C．handled D．discovered 30．A．slowly B．rapidly C．lightly D．heavily 31．A．although B．because C．when D．if 32．A．big B．small C．similar D．unequal 33．A．spirit B．skill C．theory D．wish 34．A．put forward B．turned to C．set up D．led to 35．A．vision B．finding C．shadow D．instance 【答案】21．B 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．D 26．A 27．C 28．C 29．D 30．B 31．B 32．D 33．A 34．D 35．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述好的科学家应该具备的科学的观察和实验精神。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个成功的科学家通常是一个好的观察者。 A. farmer农民；B. observer观察者；C. worker工人；D. student学生。根据后句“He makes full use of the facts he observes”可知，一个好的科学家应该是一个好的观察者。故选B项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不接受那些并不是基于显而易见的事实的想法，因此拒绝接受权威作为真理的唯一原因。A. refuses拒绝；B. desires渴望；C. intends打算；D. regrets后悔。根据前句“He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts”可知，好的科学家看重事实，因此会拒绝以权威为真理的唯一解释。故选A项。 23．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他不接受那些并不是基于显而易见的事实的想法，因此拒绝接受权威作为真理的唯一原因。A. to到，向；B. as作为；C. with和；D. for为了。根据前句根据前句“He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts”可知，好的科学家看重事实，因此会拒绝以权威为真理的唯一解释。此处考查介词as以为“作为”是的用法。故选B项。 24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他总是仔细检查想法，并做实验来证明它们。 A. casually随意地；B. quickly快速地；C. carefully仔细地；D. privately私下地。根据上文“He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts, and therefore ____2____ to accept authority (权威) ____3____ the only reason for truth”可知，好的科学家以事实为依据，不盲从权威，可以推断出好的科学家一定会仔细检查验证自己的想法。故选C项。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现代科学的兴起也许可以追溯到罗杰·培根的时代。罗杰·培根是牛津杰出的哲学家，他生活在1214年至1292年之间。A. adventure冒险；B. challenge挑战；C. influence影响；D. rise出现，上升。根据后文“He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to ____7____ that we should learn science by observing and ____8____ on the things around us, and he himself ____9____ many important truths.”可知，培根是中世纪第一个提出实验科学概念的人，也可以称得上是现代科学的兴起代表。故选D项。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现代科学的兴起也许可以追溯到罗杰·培根的时代。罗杰·培根是牛津杰出的哲学家，他生活在1214年至1292年之间。A. date确定年代；B. keep保持；C. look看；D. come来。根据上文“the Middle Ages”可知，此处考查动词短语date back（追溯到）。故选A项。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们应该通过观察和实验来学习科学的人，他自己也发现了许多重要的真理。A. command命令；B. suspect怀疑；C. suggest建议；D. conclude总结。根据上文“we should learn science by observing”可知，培根是在黑暗的中世纪第一个建议应该用观察和实验法研究科学的第一人。故选C项。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们应该通过观察和实验来学习科学的人，他自己也发现了许多重要的真理。A. casting投掷；B. pouring倾倒；C. experimenting实验；D. digesting消化。根据第一段“He always checks ideas ____4____ and makes experiments to prove them.”可知，培根建议应该通过观察和实验来研究科学。故选C项。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们应该通过观察和实验来学习科学的人，他自己也发现了许多重要的真理。A. brought带来；B. announced宣布；C. handled处理；D. discovered发现。根据前句“He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to ____7____that we should learn science by observing and ____8____on the things around us”可知，培根用了科学的方法来研究科学，自己也发现了很多真理。故选D项。 30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在伽利略之前，学者们相信大的物体比小的物体落向地球的速度快，因为亚里士多德是这么说的。A. slowly慢地；B. rapidly快速地；C. lightly轻地；D. heavily重重地。根据本句“___11___ Aristotle said so”以及联系史实，可知亚里士多德曾经认为重的物体比轻地物体下降速度快。故选B项。 31．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在伽利略之前，学者们相信大的物体比小的物体落向地球的速度快，因为亚里士多德是这么说的。A. although尽管；B. because因为；C. when当……时；D. if如果。根据上文“men believed that large bodies fell more ___10___ towards the earth than small ones”可知，大家都这么相信是因为这是亚里士多德说的。故选B项。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，伽利略登上比萨斜塔的顶端，让两块大石头落地，证明了亚里士多德是错误的。A. big大的；B. small小的；C. similar相似的；D. unequal不同的。根据上文“large bodies fell more ____10____ towards the earth than small ones”可知，伽利略的比萨斜塔实验是把两个质量不同的石头同时从塔顶丢下。故选D项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是伽利略那种直接走向自然，用实验来证明我们的观点和理论的精神，导致了现代科学的所有发现。A. spirit精神；B. skill技巧；C. theory理论；D. wish愿望。根据上文“But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two ____12____ stones and proved Aristotle was wrong”可知，此处意指伽利略的科学实验精神引领了现代科学发展的方向。故选A项。 34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：正是伽利略那种直接走向自然，用实验来证明我们的观点和理论的精神，导致了现代科学的所有发现。A. put forward提出；B. turned to转向；C. set up建立；D. led to导致。根据上文“proving our opinions and theories by experiment”可知，伽利略的科学实验精神指导了科学家们进行不断的观察和实验，才有了现代科学的众多发现。故选D项。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从伽利略的例子中，我们清楚地知道，成功的科学家正是那些通过观察产生较好的结果的科学家。A. vision幻想，想象；B. finding发现；C. shadow影子；D. instance例子。上文通过伽利略的例子，向我们表明了科学的观察和实验精神引领了现代科学的发展方向。故选D项。 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （24-25高一上·山东济南·阶段练习） Yuan Longping, 36 (know) as the “father of hybrid rice”, was one of China’s most famous scientists. He was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue 37 career in science or medicine. However, 38 concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious 39 (short) of food to eat. 40 (tackle) this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. After graduating in 1953, he worked 41 a researcher, realising that larger fields were not the 42 (solve). Instead, farmers needed 43 (boost) yields in the fields they had. 44 this could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was 45 (convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 【答案】36．known 37．a 38．what 39．shortage 40．To tackle 41．as 42．solution 43．to boost 44．Whether 45．Convinced 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平经历。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：袁隆平被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学家之一。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰Yuan Longping，Ybe known  as被称为、熟知为……，此处省略be，用过去分词形式。故填known。 37．考查冠词。句意：他的父母希望他从事科学或医学方面的事业。根据句意以及空后career为单数名词可知，此处为表示泛指“一种事业”，结合career为首音节辅音单词，所以为不定冠词a的填入。故填a。 38．考查主语从句。句意：然而，最让他担心的是农民经常收成不好，有时甚至有严重的食物短缺。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语成分，意为“一些事情”，所以为连接代词what引导。故填what。 39．考查固定短语。句意：然而，最让他担心的是农民经常收成不好，有时甚至有严重的食物短缺。此处为固定短语a shortage of“缺乏”，满足句意要求。故填shortage。 40．考查动词不定式。句意：为了解决这一危机，他选择了学习农业，并在重庆西南农学院接受了教育。分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式to do表示“为了……”作目的状语，满足句意要求。故填To tackle。 41．考查介词。句意：1953年毕业后，他开始从事研究工作，意识到扩大研究领域并不能解决问题。此处为固定短语work as“担任；以……身份而工作”，所以为介词as的填入。故填as。 42．考查名词。句意：1953年毕业后，他开始从事研究工作，意识到扩大研究领域并不能解决问题。由空前the为定冠词可知，此处为名词形式，且指一种解决办法，为单数概念，故填solution。 43．考查动词不定式。句意：相反，农民需要提高他们的田地的产量。此处为固定短语need to do“需要去做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形式。故填to boost。 44．考查主语从句。句意：能否做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。分析句子可知，设空处应为主语从句，结合句意可知，应为从属连词Whether表示“是否”，满足句意要求。故填Whether。 45．考查形容词。句意：袁隆平相信，可以在杂交水稻的创造中找到答案。根据句意以及空前was系动词可知，此处为形容词convinced“确信的，信服的”作表语，满足句意要求。故填convinced。 第三节词汇填空(共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分) 请认真阅读下列各题，根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。 36．Children are inspired not to obey blindly, which is b (有益于) to their critical thinking. 【答案】beneficial/eneficial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：孩子们被鼓励不要盲目服从，这有利于他们的批判性思维。根据句意及汉语提示可知，形容词beneficial表示“有益的”，be beneficial to表示“对……有益”，符合句意。故填beneficial。 37．The results of the e (实验) confirmed our earlier predictions. 【答案】experiment/xperiment 【详解】考查名词。句意：实验的结果证实了我们早先的预测。“实验”作of宾语，根据首字母提示，用名词experiment，结合句意，特指一个实验，用单数形式。故填experiment。 38．The doctors believe that, with the new medicine, patients’ chance of s will be improved. 【答案】survival/urvival 【详解】考查名词。句意：医生们相信，有了这种新药，病人的生存机会将会提高。根据句意和首字母s以及空格前的介词of可知，空格处应该用名词survival作宾语。故填survival。 39．Due to the unexpected snowstorm, the school decided to p the annual sports day until the weather improved. 【答案】postpone/ostpone 【详解】考查动词。句意：由于意外的暴风雪，学校决定推迟一年一度的运动会，直到天气好转。根据“Due to the unexpected snowstorm”和首字母提示可推知，空处应用动词postpone，意为“推迟，延迟”，且此处用decide to do表示“决定做某事”，postpone需用原形。故填postpone。 40．In times of disaster, people must unify and show the (智慧) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：在灾难时刻，人们必须团结一致，展现智慧，保持积极的态度，为更光明的未来重建。根据单词汉语提示及空前的show the可知应填名词形式wisdom，作宾语，意为“智慧”。故填wisdom。 41．The above examples i (说明，阐明) that different preferences exist across languages for certain general patterns of reference. 【答案】illustrate/llustrate 【详解】考查动词。句意：上面的例子说明，对于某些通用的引用模式，不同语言之间存在不同的偏好。根据汉语提示“说明，阐明”和首字母提示可知，此处为动词illustrate，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用原形。故填illustrate。 42．Having realized that your time is (有限的), you’ll have to study for your goals without hesitation. 【答案】limited 【详解】考查形容词。句意：意识到你的时间是有限的，你必须毫不犹豫地为你的目标而学习。表示“有限的”使用形容词limited，作表语。故填limited。 43．The police officers are c (组织、安排) an investigation throughout the nation. 【答案】conducting/onducting 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：警察正在全国范围内组织调查。根据所给汉语提示“组织、安排”，其英文为conduct，是动词，根据句意可知，句子为现在进行时态，空处应填动词现在分词形式。故填conducting。 44．The teacher together with three students was conducting an (实验) when I entered the laboratory. 【答案】experiment 【详解】考查名词。句意：当我进入实验室时，老师和三个学生正在进行实验。根据空前an可知，空处应用以元音音素开头的名词单数形式，作宾语；表示“实验”应用experiment，为可数名词，元音音素开头，符合句意。故填experiment。 45．The scientist (提到) to global warming at least three times in his speech. 【答案】referred 【详解】考查动词。句意：这位科学家在演讲中至少三次提到全球变暖。结合空后的“to”可知，“提到”应用动词refer，短语refer to意为“提及，提到”，且句子应该是描述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式形式。故填referred。 第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节应用文写作(满分15分) 假设你是李华，你的美国的笔友Tom想要你给他介绍一位你最喜欢的伟大女性。请根据以下信息用英语写一封回信。要点如下： 1）她的基本信息（年龄，教育，成就等）； 2）你喜欢她的原因； 3）大家对她的评价； 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Tom, From your last letter, I know you want to know who is the great woman I like most. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Tom, From your last letter, I know you want to know who is the great woman I like most. My favorite is Marie Curie, a renowned physicist and chemist. Born in 1871, she was a pioneer in radioactivity research and the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, receiving it twice in her lifetime. I admire Marie for her groundbreaking contributions to science despite the significant challenges she faced as a woman in her era. What inspire me greatly is her dedication and perseverance. Many people regard her as a symbol of tenacity and intelligence, and she has certainly earned a prominent place in the history of science. Yours, li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份，向美国笔Tom绍自己最喜欢的杰出女性。需要提供该女性的基本信息、个人对她喜爱的原因以及大众对她的评价。 【详解】1.词汇积累 著名的：renowned → distinguished 奉献：dedication → devotion 毅力：perseverance → tenacity 显著的：prominent → significant 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：My favorite is Marie Curie, a renowned physicist and chemist. 拓展句：My favorite is Marie Curie, who is a renowned physicist and chemist. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I admire Marie for her groundbreaking contributions to science despite the significant challenges she faced as a woman in her era.（使用了省略关系代词that引导的限定性定语从句） 【高分句型2】What inspire me greatly is her dedication and perseverance.（使用了连接代词what连接的主语从句） 第二节读后续写(满分20分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 We all could say that we have bad days to endure as we go through life, but what does it take to have a really good day? Some would suggest that a day would be great if everything they did turned out well, or they got exactly what they needed. On the other hand , have you ever thought that what you may give someone else may be the best day you ever had especially when you put someone else's well-being or happiness first on your list? There is special warmth available to you and that warmth can come from a helping hand, doing a small favor for a total stranger , or even a smile. I recall a day recently when I had to go to the hospital for an appointment because I wasn't feeling well and my doctor sent me to a specialist to try and determine the cause. As I drove to the hospital, I admittedly was feeling gloomy and certainly wasn't on top of my game. As I approached the hospital, I began my search for a parking spot, a spot that was hard to come with everyone else trying to do the same thing. I finally found a spot not too far from the entrance to the hospital. As I got out and brought my change out of my pocket, I noticed a man looking somewhat upset standing in front of a parking meter two cars away. He seemed to be searching his pockets for what I supposed was change for the meter. Although, I really didn't feel that great, I thought that I should at least go over to him and find out if I could help him. As I approached him, he turned to look at me, feeling at a loss not knowing what to do. I asked him if he had a problem I could help with, and he said, without hesitation, that he had no change at all because he left it in his house only thinking about visiting his sick wife. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Faced with such a situation, I reached into my pocket. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The funny thing was that I felt a lot brighter, and a small smile came to my face. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Para. 1: Faced with such a situation, I reached into my pocket. Soon I pulled out some change and gave it to him without hesitation. I went on towards completing my own business. As you know,I had an appointment. I turned on my heel and said to him as I was walking away, “Have a good day.” Para. 2: The funny thing was that I felt a lot brighter , and a small smile came to my face. And I seemed to walk just a little quicker. I was walking away when he called out “thank you so much” far behind. Honestly ,I didn't even expect him to say anything. It was satisfying enough to know that I had made a simple gesture to help someone else who needed a little hand , a little help. However, it brought to my face a smile. It doesn't take much to lend those in need a helping hand; a big payoff is what you get in return. More importantly , with such warmth catching on , our society will become more and more harmonious and comfortable. 【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在医院找停车位时帮助了一个没带零钱的男人，这让作者感到很开心，意识到向那些需要帮助的人伸出援助之手并不难，大的回报就是你得到的回报。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“面对这样的情况，我把手伸进口袋。”可知，第一段可描写作者从口袋里拿出零钱帮助了这个男人。 ②由第二段首句内容“有趣的是，我感到更开心了，脸上浮现出一丝微笑。”可知，第二段可描写作者帮助男人之后的内心活动以及感悟。 2.续写线索：作者拿零钱——作者给男人零钱——作者开心——男人感谢作者——作者感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 拿出：pull out/ take out 完成：complete/ finish 帮助某人：help sb./ lend sb. in need a helping hand/ do sb. a favor 情绪类 有趣：funny / interesting 简单：simple /easy 【点睛】[高分句型1] It was satisfying enough to know that I had made a simple gesture to help someone else who needed a little hand, a little help. (运用了who引导定语从句) [高分句型2] It doesn't take much to lend those in need a helping hand; a big payoff is what you get in return. (运用了what引导表语从句) ( 7 / 21 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$