Unit 2 Period 2 Grammar and composition—Idioms-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选修第三册（译林版2020）

Period 2　Grammar and composition—Idioms 阅读以下短文，感知并猜测黑体部分的意思 You know that I have ①the bottom line.I said I didn’t want to ②rock the boat in any way.I always ③tell it like it is but，sometimes the truth hurts.If I tell you the truth，you must ④keep your shirt on；we will support you at any time.So never do anything making yourself ⑤cry over spilt milk! 1．the bottom line底线 2．rock the boat找麻烦 3．tell it like it is实话实说 4．keep one’s shirt on 保持冷静 5．cry over spilt milk后悔莫及 习语 习语(idioms)也称惯用语，是经过人们长期运用、已经相对固定的表达方式。习语具有特定形式和含义，须作为一个整体使用，其意义不能简单地按照各个单词的字面意思来理解。习语言简意赅，形象生动，与其所属的文化有着紧密联系。 1．英语习语的构成形式通常有以下几种： (1)名词短语。如： In the city I am nothing，but in the country I am considered a big fish. 在城里我并不是什么大人物，但是在乡下我被认为是个了不起的人物。 For him，the work is a piece of cake. 对他来说，这点活儿就是小菜一碟。 If you have a good idea for improving my pronunciation，I’m all ears. 如果你对改进我的发音有好的主意，我洗耳恭听。 I like being a couch potato! 我喜欢窝在沙发上看电视！ (2)动词短语。如： Come on，do the latest dance，get with it! 来吧，跳最新式的舞蹈，要跟上时代潮流！ Once I’m qualified in my profession，I intend to go places. 一旦我有资格从事自己的职业，我就想获得成功。 When he crashed his car，all his travel plans went up in smoke. 他把汽车撞坏了，他的整个旅行计划都泡汤了。 (3)介词短语。如： He was found cheating on the exam，and now he’s in hot water. 他考试作弊被发现了，现在他可麻烦了。 James was called to see the producer and got the job on the spot. 詹姆斯被叫去见制片人，当场就得到了那份工作。 In that business，the old man is really in the driver’s seat. 在那个行业中，这位老人确实掌有控制权。 He hits the target on the nose. 他正好击中了目标。 (4)形容词短语。如： He was green with envy when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时非常嫉妒。 They beat the thief black and blue. 他们把小偷打得青一块紫一块。 We will go all out to help you through thick and thin. 我们将竭尽全力帮助你解决一切艰难险阻。 2．习语具有文化属性，在不同的文化中，反映相同事物的词语可能有不同的感情色彩。比如与狗相关的习语，在英语中多为褒义，而汉语中多为贬义。如： 英语：He is a lucky dog.他是一个幸运儿。(褒义) 汉语：狗嘴里吐不出象牙。(贬义) 完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用习语 我的孩子，你的妈妈告诉我说，你有麻烦事。语言学习对某些人来说是小菜一碟，但对于别人来说，可能有点难，这是我们必须承认的事实。我们将竭尽全力帮助你解决一切艰难险阻。提升的过程可能有点缓慢，只要你耐心点，你会成功的。试一下，我们信任你。我们期盼着不久的将来，你成为一个幸运儿。 My boy，your mother tells me that 1.you are in hot water.Learning languages is 2.a piece of cake to some people，while others feel it a little difficult，which we must acknowledge.We will go all out to help you through 3. thick and thin.The process of improving can be a little slow.As long as you 4.hold your horses，you will make it.5.Give it a shot! We have faith in you.We expect you 6.to be a lucky dog in the near future. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Jose Hernandez made his dream of becoming an astronaut a reality and he did so despite unbelievable difficulties. “I was working in a field near Stockton，and I heard on my radio that Franklin Chang-Diaz had been selected for the Astronaut Corps，” said Jose，who was a senior in high school at the time.“I was already interested in science and engineering，” Jose remembered，“and that was the moment I said，‘I want to fly in space.’” As one of four children in a migrant(迁移的) farming family from Mexico，Jose who didn’t learn English until he was 12 years old，spent much of his childhood traveling with his family from Mexico to southern California each March，then working northward to the Stockton area by November，picking strawberries and cucumbers on farms along the route.They would then return to Mexico for Christmas and start the cycle all over again in spring.“Some kids might think it would be fun to travel like that，” Jose laughed，“but we had to work.” After graduating from high school，Jose was admitted into the University of the Pacific.In 1987，he accepted a full-time job with Lawrence National Laboratory.In 2001，Jose joined the Johnson Space Center，where he came face-to-face with Franklin Chang-Diaz. “We actually had common experiences—the similar upbringing，the same language issues.That built up my confidence.Any barriers that existed，he had already overcome them，” Jose smiled.“Now it’s my turn！” “NASA rejected me not once，not twice，not three times but 11 times.It wasn’t until the 12th time that I got selected，” he said.Jose was selected as part of the 19th class of astronauts in 2004.He circled the globe 217 times but remained a down to Earth guy. Jose Hernandez received the 2016 National Hispanic Hero Award and he continues his long history in the field of engineering and space. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jose Hernandez 克服了难以置信的困难，实现了他成为宇航员的梦想的故事。 1．What made Jose determined to be an astronaut? A．The influence of Astronaut Corps. B．The success of Franklin Chang-Diaz. C．His interest in science and engineering. D．The experience of working in the field. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，是Franklin Chang-Diaz的成功让Jose决心成为一名宇航员。故选B。 2．What can we learn about Jose as a child? A．He did much farm work. B．He traveled a lot for fun. C．He hated learning English. D．He obeyed his family in everything. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的内容可知，Jose在童年时做了很多农活。故选A。 3．How did Jose feel when he met Franklin Chang-Diaz personally? A．Inspired. B．Valued. C．Relaxed. D．Puzzled. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段的内容可推断，当Jose亲眼见到Franklin Chang-Diaz时，发现他们有相似的成长经历，面临相同的语言障碍，这增强了他的自信心，他受到了激励。故选A项。 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Climb over Barriers B．Reach for the Stars C．Work the Hard Way D．Learn from Your Past 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。根据文章第一段及全文内容可知，文章讲述了Jose Hernandez 克服了难以置信的困难，实现了他成为宇航员的梦想的故事。故选B项。 B Voices offer lots of information.It turns out that they can even help diagnose(诊断) an illness and researchers are working on an app for that.The National Institutes of Health is funding a massive research project to collect voice data and develop the AI app that could diagnose people based on their speech. Everything such as your breathing patterns when you speak offers potential information about your health，says Dr Yael Bensoussan，director of the University of South Florida’s Health Voice Center and leader on the study.“We asked experts：Well，if you close your eyes when a patient comes in，just by listening to their voice，can you have an idea of the disease they have？” says Bensoussan.“And that’s where we got all our information.Someone who speaks low and slowly might have Parkinson’s disease.Depression or cancer could even be diagnosed.” The project is part of the NIH’s Bridge to AI program，which was launched over a year ago with more than $100 million in funding from the government，with the goal of creating large-scale health care databases for precision(精确) medicine.“We are really lacking what we call open source databases，” says Bensoussan.“Every institution has their own database.But to create these networks is really important to allow researchers from other generations to use this data.” The ultimate goal of the project is an app that could help offer access to rural or under-served communities，by helping general practitioners(执业医师) refer patients to specialists.To get there，researchers have to start by amassing data，since the AI can only get as good as the database it’s learning from.By the end of the four years，they hope to collect about 30,000 voices. There are a few roadblocks，however.HIPAA，the law that regulates medical privacy，isn’t really clear on whether researchers can share voices.Every institution has different rules on what can be shared，and that opens all sorts of moral and legal questions. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究者们正尝试收集患者声音并开发能根据声音诊断病情的AI软件。 5．What is the project aimed at? A．Examining voice data. B．Detecting speech problems. C．Offering health information. D．Developing a medical diagnosis app. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知，该项目的目的是收集声音数据，并开发可以根据说话方式诊断人的病情的人工智能软件。故选D。 6．What did Dr Yael Bensoussan learn from experts? A．Doctors work better with their eyes closed. B．Parkinson’s disease can be easily discovered. C．How a person walks shows his health condition. D．The voice of a patient may indicate a certain illness. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。由第二段第二句可知，Yael Bensoussan博士问专家只听病人的声音能否知道他的疾病情况，再由最后两句可知，说话低沉缓慢的人可能患有帕金森病，抑郁症或癌症甚至也可以被诊断出来。由此可推知，病人的声音可能预示着某种疾病，故D项正确。 7．What does the underlined word “amassing” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Storing. B．Analyzing. C．Collecting. D．Exchanging. 答案　C 解析　猜测词义题。由画线词后since引导的原因状语从句可知，研究人员不得不这样做的原因是人工智能依赖于它所学习的数据库。再由“they hope to collect about 30,000 voices”可推测，研究者们不得不从积累数据开始，画线词与collect意义相近。故选C。 8．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The difficulty in carrying out the project. B．The need to share voices concerning the project. C．The way to protect medical privacy in the project. D．The proposal for issuing rules related to the project. 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。文章最后一段是总分结构，首句是本段的主旨句，由此可知，本段主要介绍该项目的实施障碍。故选A项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 My job is to help clients find jobs and return to school for training.One day，a lady came to my office with a dream to become a registered nurse.However，her family did not 1 .With young children to care for and her husband unemployed，she simply didn’t have the 2 to return to school. It was clear that this lady had a(n) 3 for the nursing profession，so I encouraged her to realize her dream.I 4 her with necessary information to apply for nursing school.She left my office，and I never 5 whether she followed her dream or not. Many years later，I was diagnosed with breast cancer.I was 6 to hospital.The surgery was successful.It was， 7 ，very painful.Though I 8 myself on not being a bell ringer，one night the pain was so 9 that I had to call for a nurse.I rang the bell and waited for 10 .A nurse came through the door and offered to help.I 11 thanked her for coming to my rescue.I said，“I am not usually like this.” To my 12 ，she said，“Oh，I know that，Mrs Bryenton.” It 13 that she was just the lady who I had encouraged to follow her dream years before.She subsequently(随后) returned to school for upgrading and later 14 nursing. You never know what 15 your encouraging words will have on someone.It is amazing that many of my clients would return to say thanks to me. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作为职业规划师，作者在帮助他人的同时也获得了他人的感谢。 1．A.respond B．approve C．care D．decline 答案　B 解析　respond回应；approve同意；care照顾；decline减少。根据后文“With young children to care for and her husband unemployed，she simply didn’t have the to return to school.”可知，她家里有各种困难，所以是家人不同意她回学校进修。故选B项。 2．A.means B．qualities C．right D．invitation 答案　A 解析　means钱财；quality质量；right权利；invitation邀请。根据前文可知，家里有孩子需要照顾，丈夫又失业在家，她没有钱财重返学校。故选A项。 3．A.talent B．experience C．passion D．ability 答案　C 解析　talent才能；experience经验；passion激情；ability能力。根据后文“so I encouraged her to realize her dream”可推知，做护士是这位女士的梦想，所以应该对护士职业很有热情。故选C项。 4．A.compared B．occupied C．charged D．equipped 答案　D 解析　compare比较；occupy占用；charge控告；equip使有准备，配备。根据前文“so I encouraged her to realize her dream”可知，“我”鼓励她去实现她的梦想，所以此处应该是“我”帮她准备了申请护理学校所需要的信息。故选D项。 5．A.imagined B．considered C．knew D．expected 答案　C 解析　imagine想象；consider认为；know知道；expect预料。根据后文“whether she followed her dream or not”可知，“我”不知道她后来是否追寻了自己的梦想。故选C项。 6．A.exposed B．admitted C．refused D．referred 答案　B 解析　expose暴露；admit准许进入，接收；refuse拒绝；refer提及。根据前文“I was diagnosed with breast cancer”可知，“我”被诊断出乳腺癌，所以住进了医院。故选B项。 7．A.instead B．therefore C．however D．otherwise 答案　C 解析　instead相反；therefore因此；however然而；otherwise否则。根据前文“The surgery was successful.”以及后文“very painful”可知，尽管手术很成功，但是“我”感觉很疼。两句间是转折关系，且空前后都有逗号隔开。故选C项。 8．A.prided B．depended C．concentrated D．impressed 答案　A 解析　pride因……自豪；depend取决于；concentrate聚精会神；impress使留下深刻印象。根据前文的“Though”以及后文“I had to call for a nurse”可知，前后是转折关系，后文是“我”不得不叫护士，结合选项，可推知此处指之前“我”因不叫护士而自豪。故选A项。 9．A.sharp B．constant C．slight D．mild 答案　A 解析　sharp剧烈的；constant恒定的；slight轻微的；mild温和的。根据前文“It was， ，very painful.”以及后文“I had to call for a nurse”可知，是疼痛如此剧烈，“我”才不得不呼叫护士。故选A项。 10．A.consultation B．sympathy C．assessment D．assistance 答案　D 解析　consultation咨询；sympathy同情；assessment评估；assistance帮助。根据前文“I rang the bell”和后文“offered to help”可知，“我”按了铃呼叫护士，然后等待帮助。故选D项。 11．A.dynamically B．apologetically C．shyly D．crucially 答案　B 解析　dynamically充满活力地；apologetically抱歉地；shyly羞怯地；crucially关键性地。根据后文“I am not usually like this.”可知，对于呼叫护士，“我”很愧疚，所以是感到很抱歉地感谢护士。故选B项。 12．A.delight B．relief C．disappointment D．amazement 答案　D 解析　delight高兴；relief轻松；disappointment失望；amazement惊讶。根据后文“she said，‘Oh，I know that，Mrs Bryenton.’”可知，这位护士竟然认识“我”，知道“我”的性格，让“我”很惊讶。故选D项。 13．A.turned out B．turned up C．came out D．came up 答案　A 解析　turn out结果是，原来是；turn up出现；come out出版；come up发生。根据后文“she was just the lady who I had encouraged to follow her dream years before”可知，“我”发现她正是“我”多年前鼓励她追寻梦想的那位女士。故选A项。 14．A.dismissed B．evaluated C．applied for D．accounted for 答案　C 解析　dismiss消除；evaluate估计；apply for申请；account for(数量或比例上)占。根据前文“I her with necessary information to apply for nursing school.”可知，这位女士后来回学校进修并申请了护理专业。故选C项。 15．A.hardship B．impact C．emphasis D．mercy 答案　B 解析　hardship困难；impact影响；emphasis强调；mercy仁慈。根据前文“so I encouraged her to realize her dream”以及“She subsequently(随后) returned to school for upgrading and later __________nursing.”可知，“我”鼓励一位女士去追求梦想，她在“我”的鼓励下，最终实现了梦想，所以此处表示“你永远不知道你的鼓励会对别人产生什么样的影响”。故选B项。 Ⅲ.语法填空 When thinking about careers，professional advancement，or even job hunting，we usually attach 1. (important) to the so-called “hard skills”，meaning skills 2.____________ are directly connected to our ability to perform a particular task or do a certain job.These skills can be evaluated or measured，as they are the results of 3. (we) degrees，certificates，specialized knowledge，continuing education，vocational(职业的) training，and so on. “Soft skills”，on the other hand，are harder 4. (measure) than “hard skills”，as they usually do not come from a degree or specialized training,5. from life experience，personality，and attitude.They 6. (call) “people skills” as they 7.____________ (typical) relate，in some forms，to how we deal or interact with other people.For example，are we able to motivate and lead people? Can we communicate well with others? Some commonly 8. (mention) soft skills would include creativity，teamwork，written and verbal(口头的) communication，management leadership，flexibility，and organization.These types of skills are vital，as they help to form 9. well-rounded person.They can provide a 10. (compete) edge in a job search.Soft skills are relevant to every industry or job，because people are always the key，in one way or another. 1．答案　importance 解析　考查名词。attach importance to是固定短语，意为“重视”。故填importance。 2．答案　that/which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词为skills，指物，应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 3．答案　our 解析　考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词degrees，certificates等。故填our。 4．答案　to measure 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为固定句型“主语＋be＋形容词＋to do”，意为“做某事是……的”。故填to measure。 5．答案　but 解析　考查固定搭配。此处为“not...but...”结构，意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。 6．答案　are called 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。文章通篇在介绍一般性事实，应用一般现在时；主语They和动词call之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are called。 7．答案　typically 解析　考查副词。此处应用副词作状语修饰动词relate。故填typically。 8．答案　mentioned 解析　考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是would include，空格处用非谓语动词，soft skills和mention之间是被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作定语。故填mentioned。 9．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。person是可数名词，此处表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，well-rounded发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 10．答案　competitive 解析　考查形容词。空格处应用形容词作定语修饰名词edge，表示“有竞争力的”。故填competitive。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$