Unit2 Section Ⅲ Grammar and composition-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选修第三册教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and composition 阅读以下短文，感知并猜测黑体部分的汉语意思。 You know that I have ①the bottom line.I said I didn’t want to ②rock the boat in any way.I always ③tell it like it is but，sometimes the truth hurts.If I tell you the truth，you must ④keep your shirt on；we will support you at any time.So never do anything making yourself ⑤cry over spilt milk! 1．the bottom line底线 2．rock the boat找麻烦 3．tell it like it is实话实说 4．keep one’s shirt on保持冷静 5．cry over spilt milk后悔莫及 习语 习语(idioms)也称惯用语，是经过人们长期运用、已经相对固定的表达方式。习语具有特定形式和含义，须作为一个整体使用，其意义不能简单地按照各个单词的字面意思来理解。习语言简意赅，形象生动，与其所属的文化有着紧密联系。 1．英语习语的构成形式通常有以下几种： (1)名词短语。如： In the city I am nothing，but in the country I am considered a big fish. 在城里我并不是什么大人物，但是在乡下我被认为是个了不起的人物。 For him，the work is a piece of cake. 对他来说，这点活就是小菜一碟。 If you have a good idea for improving my pronunciation，I’m all ears. 如果你对改进我的发音有好的主意，我洗耳恭听。 I like being a couch potato! 我喜欢窝在沙发上看电视！ (2)动词短语。如： Come on，do the latest dance，get with it! 来吧，跳最新式的舞蹈，要跟上时代潮流！ Once I’m qualified in my profession，I intend to go places. 一旦我有资格从事自己的职业，我就想获得成功。 When he crashed his car，all his travel plans went up in smoke. 他把汽车撞坏了，他的整个旅行计划都泡汤了。 (3)介词短语。如： He was found cheating on the exam，and now he’s in hot water. 他考试作弊被发现了，现在他可麻烦了。 James was called to see the producer and got the job on the spot. 詹姆斯被叫去见制片人，当场就得到了那份工作。 In that business，the old man is really in the driver’s seat. 在那个行业中，这位老人确实掌有控制权。 He hits the target on the nose.他正好击中了目标。 (4)形容词短语。如： He was green with envy when he heard the news.他听到这个消息时非常嫉妒。 They beat the thief black and blue. 他们把小偷打得青一块紫一块。 We will go all out to help you through thick and thin.我们将竭尽全力帮助你解决一切艰难险阻。 2．习语具有文化属性，在不同的文化中，反映相同事物的词语可能有不同的感情色彩。比如与狗相关的习语，在英语中多为褒义，而汉语中多为贬义。如： 英语：He is a lucky dog(他是一个幸运儿)．(褒义) 汉语：狗嘴里吐不出象牙。(贬义) Ⅰ.用括号中的习语改写下面的句子 1．In order to create something truly original，we sometimes need to give up complex concepts and return to the simplest or most important ideas.(get back to basics) In order to create something truly original，we sometimes need to give up complex concepts and get back to basics. 2．When it comes to writing，it is important to realize that at some point you will experience writer’s block.(along the line) When it comes to writing，it is important to realize that along the line you will experience writer’s block. 3．This simple yet innovative design gave them an advantage over the other competitors.(gain the upper hand) This simple yet innovative design enabled them to gain the upper hand over the other competitors. Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用习语 我的孩子，你的妈妈告诉我你遇到了些麻烦事。对有些人来说，语言学习轻而易举，但对另一些人来说，可能会有些困难，这是我们不得不承认的事实。不过，我会尽我所能来帮助你克服一切困难。提升的过程可能会有些缓慢，但只要你保持耐心，你一定能成功。试试吧，要相信自己。我期待在不久的将来，你能成为一个幸运儿。 My child，your mother told me that 1.you are in hot water.Language learning is 2.a piece of cake for some people，but for others，it can be a bit challenging.This is a fact we have to acknowledge.However，I will do my utmost to help you through 3. thick and thin.The process of improvement may be slow，but as long as you 4.hold your horses，you will succeed.5.Give it a shot and believe in yourself.I look forward to seeing you 6.to be a lucky dog in the near future. 训练2　Grammar and composition [分值：35分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A The study by University of Arizona researchers，published in the Creativity Research Journal，finds that creative people are more likely to fruitfully use idle(空闲的) time by letting one idea lead to another. “In psychology and neuroscience，most studies on human thoughts either prompt(提示) participants to think in a certain way or ask them to report on thoughts they experienced，but less is known about how thoughts naturally arise and unfold over time in unprompted contexts，” said Jessica Andrews-Hanna，an associate professor in the Department of Psychology and senior author of the paper.“This is where our study comes in.” The researchers divided the study into two parts.For the first experiment，the researchers asked each participant to sit alone in a room for 10 minutes without any access to digital devices.In the absence of any particular prompt，the participants were asked to voice their thoughts aloud in real time.The recorded files from 81 participants were then transcribed(转录) and analyzed. The first experiment found that creative people were more engaged in their thoughts when they were left alone without distractions，such as cellphones and the Internet.“Creative people rated themselves as being less bored，even over those 10 minutes.They also spoke more words overall，which indicated that their thoughts were more likely to move freely，” said Andrews-Hanna. For the second experiment，over 2,600 adults answered questions through a smartphone app called Mind Window，developed by Andrews-Hanna and her graduate student Eric Andrews.Participants who self-identified as being creative reported being less bored during the idle time. The researchers are continuing this line of work using their Mind Window app.They encourage people to download and use the app to help scientists understand how people across the world think in their everyday lives.“Understanding why different people think the way they do may lead to promising interventions to improve health and well-being，” said Andrews-Hanna. 语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了新的科学研究发现有创造力的人更有可能有效地利用空闲时间，而不会感觉无聊。 1．What do Andrews-Hanna’s words in paragraph 2 focus on? A．The necessity of the study. B．The value of former studies. C．The participants of the study. D．The process of former studies. 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。根据第二段“...but less is known about how thoughts naturally arise and unfold over time in unprompted contexts...‘This is where our study comes in.’”可知，Andrews-Hanna的话重点说明了这项研究的必要性。故选A。 2．What did the participants do in the first experiment of the study? A．They spoke out what they thought. B．They recorded their own voices. C．They remembered some prompts. D．They finished a number of reports. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For the first experiment，the researchers asked each participant to sit alone in a room for 10 minutes without any access to digital devices.In the absence of any particular prompt，the participants were asked to voice their thoughts aloud in real time.”可知，第一次实验中参与者被要求大声说出他们的想法。故选A。 3．What did the study find about creative people? A．They made better use of digital devices. B．They enjoyed idle time more than others. C．They were more likely to understand others. D．They were more willing to share their thoughts. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，有创造力的人在没有手机和互联网等干扰的情况下更专注于思考，说的话也更多，这说明他们更愿意分享自己的想法。故选D。 4．Which word best describes Mind Window app according to the researchers? A．Educational. B．Fashionable. C．Expensive. D．Beneficial. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，Mind Window软件有助于研究者的研究，由此可得出Mind Window软件对于研究者来说是有好处的。故选D。 B For decades sleep scientists have thought over the link between dreaming and creative inspiration.They have long thought the insight came from the stage of rapid eye movement sleep，which is rich with dreams and begins around 90 minutes after one falling asleep.But new evidence puts the spotlight on a much earlier phase—the period that separates sleep and wakefulness.In a study by MIT，researchers show that people who take brief naps(小睡) that bring about the beginning of sleep score higher on several measures of creativity than those who undertake the tasks after staying awake. The findings suggest researchers could even exercise some measure of control over the dreaming process by directing people’s dreams toward a specific topic.The more frequently people dreamed about that，the more creative they were on tasks related to it.“We can come to the conclusion that dreaming about a topic enhances your subsequent creativity on it，” says Robert Stickgold，a member of the study team. The experiment took advantage of a glove-like sleep detector，which charts sleep by monitoring one’s muscle tone，skin conductance and heart rate through contacts on the wrist and hand.It communicates with an app that issues voice prompts(提示) for dreams and records dream reports. More than one famous thinker has capitalized on the phase called non-rapid eye movement sleep stage 1，or N1，illustrating the point about generating creative insights.The painter Salvador Dalí would deliberately nap，holding a set of keys above a metal plate，when thinking over an idea for a painting.As he nodded off，he’d drop the keys，which would hit the plate and wake him up，and he’d hold onto the image from his dream.Thomas Alva Edison is said to have used a similar technique with metal balls to gain insights. “It’s exciting because，in principle，people could use the technology themselves to develop creativity，” says Jonathan Schooler，a professor of psychological and brain sciences at the University of California.There seems to be no shortage of folks coming to try it.“So many different kinds of people have visited，knocking on the lab door and asking to have dreams，” co-lead investigator Haar Horowitz says. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。实验表明，睡眠初始阶段的梦境是创造力最活跃的阶段，人类有希望利用这一睡眠阶段提升创造力。 5．Which phase boosts creative ideas according to the study? A．The initial sleep stage. B．The middle of the sleep cycle. C．The wakefulness after sleep. D．The rapid eye movement sleep stage. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，新的证据将焦点放在一个更早的阶段——睡眠和清醒之间的一段时间。研究发现在睡眠开始前短暂小睡的人在创造力方面得分更高。由此可知，睡眠的初始阶段使创新灵感增加。故选A。 6．What do the findings mentioned in paragraph 2 show? A．Physical changes reflect the sleep phase. B．Dream contents relate to real life. C．Creativity levels vary with the nap length. D．The theme of the dream can be guided. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，研究结果表明，研究人员甚至可以通过将人们的梦境引向特定主题来对做梦过程进行某种程度的控制。由此可知，梦境的主题可以被引导。故选D。 7．What does the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Encourages. B．Improves. C．Tracks. D．Influences. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文可知，下文提到通过手腕和手上的接触器监测一个人的肌肉紧张性、皮肤电导率和心率，它与一个应用程序进行通信，该应用程序会发出梦境语音提示并记录梦境报告。由此推知，这个手套状的睡眠监测器应是能跟踪睡眠情况，故画线词的含义应为“跟踪”，故选C。 8．Why are Salvador Dalí and Thomas Alva Edison mentioned? A．To prove the effect of dreams. B．To provide support for the findings. C．To interpret the benefits of N1. D．To give examples of fueling creativity. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，本文提到萨尔瓦多·达利和托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生是为研究的发现提供佐证，故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) My job is to help clients find jobs and return to school for training.One day，a lady came to my office with a dream to become a registered nurse.However，her family did not __1__.With young children to care for and her husband unemployed，she simply didn’t have the __2__ to return to school. It was clear that this lady had a(n) __3__ for the nursing profession，so I encouraged her to realize her dream.I __4__ her with necessary information to apply for nursing school.She left my office，and I never __5__ whether she followed her dream or not. Many years later，I was diagnosed with breast cancer.I was __6__ to hospital.The surgery was successful.It was，__7__，very painful.Though I __8__ myself on not being a bell ringer，one night the pain was so __9__ that I had to call for a nurse.I rang the bell and waited for__10__.A nurse came through the door and offered to help.I __11__ thanked her for coming to my rescue.I said，“I am not usually like this.” To my __12__，she said，“Oh，I know that，Mrs Bryenton.” It __13__ that she was just the lady who I had encouraged to follow her dream years before.She subsequently(随后) returned to school for upgrading and later __14__ nursing. You never know what __15__ your encouraging words will have on someone.It is amazing that many of my clients would return to say thanks to me. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作为职业规划师，作者在帮助他人的同时也获得了他人的感谢。 1．A.respond B．approve C．care D．decline 答案　B 解析　respond回应；approve同意；care照顾；decline减少。根据后文“With young children to care for and her husband unemployed，she simply didn’t have the________ to return to school.”可知，她家里有各种困难，所以是家人不同意她回学校进修。故选B项。 2．A.means B．qualities C．right D．invitation 答案　A 解析　means钱财；quality质量；right权利；invitation邀请。根据前文可知，家里有孩子需要照顾，丈夫又失业在家，她没有钱财重返学校。故选A项。 3．A.talent B．experience C．passion D．ability 答案　C 解析　talent才能；experience经验；passion激情；ability能力。根据后文“so I encouraged her to realize her dream”可推知，做护士是这位女士的梦想，所以应该对护士职业很有热情。故选C项。 4．A.compared B．occupied C．charged D．equipped 答案　D 解析　compare比较；occupy占用；charge控告；equip使有准备，配备。根据前文“so I encouraged her to realize her dream”可知，“我”鼓励她去实现她的梦想，所以此处应该是“我”帮她准备了申请护理学校所需要的信息。故选D项。 5．A.imagined B．considered C．knew D．expected 答案　C 解析　imagine想象；consider认为；know知道；expect预料。根据后文“whether she followed her dream or not”可知，“我”不知道她后来是否追寻了自己的梦想。故选C项。 6．A.exposed B．admitted C．refused D．referred 答案　B 解析　expose暴露；admit准许进入，接收；refuse拒绝；refer提及。根据前文“I was diagnosed with breast cancer”可知，“我”被诊断出乳腺癌，所以住进了医院。故选B项。 7．A.instead B．therefore C．however D．otherwise 答案　C 解析　instead相反；therefore因此；however然而；otherwise否则。根据前文“The surgery was successful.”以及后文“very painful”可知，尽管手术很成功，但是“我”感觉很疼。两句间是转折关系，且空前后都有逗号隔开。故选C项。 8．A.prided B．depended C．concentrated D．impressed 答案　A 解析　pride因……自豪；depend取决于；concentrate聚精会神；impress使留下深刻印象。根据前文的“Though”以及后文“I had to call for a nurse”可知，前后是转折关系，后文是“我”不得不叫护士，结合选项，可推知此处指之前“我”因不叫护士而自豪。故选A项。 9．A.sharp B．constant C．slight D．mild 答案　A 解析　sharp剧烈的；constant恒定的；slight轻微的；mild温和的。根据前文“It was，________，very painful.”以及后文“I had to call for a nurse”可知，是疼痛如此剧烈，“我”才不得不呼叫护士。故选A项。 10．A.consultation B．sympathy C．assessment D．assistance 答案　D 解析　consultation咨询；sympathy同情；assessment评估；assistance帮助。根据前文“I rang the bell”和后文“offered to help”可知，“我”按了铃呼叫护士，然后等待帮助。故选D项。 11．A.dynamically B．apologetically C．shyly D．crucially 答案　B 解析　dynamically充满活力地；apologetically抱歉地；shyly羞怯地；crucially关键性地。根据后文“I am not usually like this.”可知，对于呼叫护士，“我”很愧疚，所以是感到很抱歉地感谢护士。故选B项。 12．A.delight B．relief C．disappointment D．amazement 答案　D 解析　delight高兴；relief轻松；disappointment失望；amazement惊讶。根据后文“she said，‘Oh，I know that，Mrs Bryenton.’”可知，这位护士竟然认识“我”，知道“我”的性格，让“我”很惊讶。故选D项。 13．A.turned out B．turned up C．came out D．came up 答案　A 解析　turn out结果是，原来是；turn up出现；come out出版；come up发生。根据后文“she was just the lady who I had encouraged to follow her dream years before”可知，“我”发现她正是“我”多年前鼓励她追寻梦想的那位女士。故选A项。 14．A.dismissed B．evaluated C．applied for D．accounted for 答案　C 解析　dismiss消除；evaluate估计；apply for申请；account for(数量或比例上)占。根据前文“I ________ her with necessary information to apply for nursing school.”可知，这位女士后来回学校进修并申请了护理专业。故选C项。 15．A.hardship B．impact C．emphasis D．mercy 答案　B 解析　hardship困难；impact影响；emphasis强调；mercy仁慈。根据前文“so I encouraged her to realize her dream”以及“She subsequently(随后) returned to school for upgrading and later ______ nursing.”可知，“我”鼓励一位女士去追求梦想，她在“我”的鼓励下，最终实现了梦想，所以此处表示“你永远不知道你的鼓励会对别人产生什么样的影响”。故选B项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Section Ⅲ Grammar and composition Thinking out of the box Unit 2 阅读以下短文，感知并猜测加颜色部分的汉语意思。 You know that I have ①the bottom line.I said I didn’t want to ②rock the boat in any way.I always ③tell it like it is but，sometimes the truth hurts.If I tell you the truth，you must ④keep your shirt on；we will support you at any time.So never do anything making yourself ⑤cry over spilt milk! 语境感悟 1.the bottom line_______ 2.rock the boat_________ 3.tell it like it is__________ 4.keep one’s shirt on__________ 5.cry over spilt milk__________ 底线 找麻烦 实话实说 保持冷静 后悔莫及 语法精讲 习语 习语(idioms)也称惯用语，是经过人们长期运用、已经相对固定的表达方式。习语具有特定形式和含义，须作为一个整体使用，其意义不能简单地按照各个单词的字面意思来理解。习语言简意赅，形象生动，与其所属的文化有着紧密联系。 1.英语习语的构成形式通常有以下几种： (1)名词短语。如： In the city I am nothing，but in the country I am considered a big fish. 在城里我并不是什么大人物，但是在乡下我被认为是个了不起的人物。 For him，the work is a piece of cake. 对他来说，这点活就是小菜一碟。 If you have a good idea for improving my pronunciation，I’m all ears. 如果你对改进我的发音有好的主意，我洗耳恭听。 I like being a couch potato! 我喜欢窝在沙发上看电视！ (2)动词短语。如： Come on，do the latest dance，get with it! 来吧，跳最新式的舞蹈，要跟上时代潮流！ Once I’m qualified in my profession，I intend to go places. 一旦我有资格从事自己的职业，我就想获得成功。 When he crashed his car，all his travel plans went up in smoke. 他把汽车撞坏了，他的整个旅行计划都泡汤了。 (3)介词短语。如： He was found cheating on the exam，and now he’s in hot water. 他考试作弊被发现了，现在他可麻烦了。 James was called to see the producer and got the job on the spot. 詹姆斯被叫去见制片人，当场就得到了那份工作。 In that business，the old man is really in the driver’s seat. 在那个行业中，这位老人确实掌有控制权。 He hits the target on the nose.他正好击中了目标。 (4)形容词短语。如： He was green with envy when he heard the news.他听到这个消息时非常嫉妒。 They beat the thief black and blue. 他们把小偷打得青一块紫一块。 We will go all out to help you through thick and thin.我们将竭尽全力帮助你解决一切艰难险阻。 2.习语具有文化属性，在不同的文化中，反映相同事物的词语可能有不同的感情色彩。比如与狗相关的习语，在英语中多为褒义，而汉语中多为贬义。如： 英语：He is a lucky dog(他是一个幸运儿).(褒义) 汉语：狗嘴里吐不出象牙。(贬义) Ⅰ.用括号中的习语改写下面的句子 1.In order to create something truly original，we sometimes need to give up complex concepts and return to the simplest or most important ideas.(get back to basics) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 达标检测 In order to create something truly original，we sometimes need to give up complex concepts and get back to basics. 2.When it comes to writing，it is important to realize that at some point you will experience writer’s block.(along the line) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When it comes to writing，it is important to realize that along the line you will experience writer’s block. 3.This simple yet innovative design gave them an advantage over the other competitors.(gain the upper hand) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ This simple yet innovative design enabled them to gain the upper hand over the other competitors. Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用习语 我的孩子，你的妈妈告诉我你遇到了些麻烦事。对有些人来说，语言学习轻而易举，但对另一些人来说，可能会有些困难，这是我们不得不承认的事实。不过，我会尽我所能来帮助你克服一切困难。提升的过程可能会有些缓慢，但只要你保持耐心，你一定能成功。试试吧，要相信自己。我期待在不久的将来，你能成为一个幸运儿。 My child，your mother told me that 1. . Language learning is 2. for some people，but for others，it can be a bit challenging.This is a fact we have to acknowledge.However，I will do my utmost to help you through 3. .The process of improvement may be slow，but as long as you 4. ，you will succeed.5. and believe in yourself.I look forward to seeing you 6. in the near future. you are in hot water a piece of cake thick and thin Give it a shot hold your horses to be a lucky dog 本课结束 $$